1942 CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD-HOUSE 3421 NOMINATION between the present boundary of the Naval The message also announced that the Executive nomination received by the Air Station, Lakehurst, N. J., and the new Senate insists upon its amendments to boundary of Fort Dix, in the county of Ocean the foregoing bill, requests a conference Senate April 9 (legislative day of March and State of New Jersey; 30). 1942: H. R. 4464. An act for the relief of Henry J. ·with the House on the disagreeing votes COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS McCloskey; of the two Houses thereon, and appoints Raymond Miller, of Galatea, Colo., to be H. R. 4557. An act for the relief of the Mr. MCKELLAR, Mr. GLASS, Mr. HAYDEN, collector of customs for customs collection estate of Mrs. Edn!t B. Crook; Mr. TYDINGS, Mr. RUSSEL.L, Mr. OVERTON, district No. 47, with headquarters at Denver, H. R. 4955. An act for the relief of Geoffrey Mr.· THOMAS of Oklahoma, Mr. McCAR­ Colo. (reappointment). · Orme; RAN, Mr. O'MAHONEY, Mr. BANKHEAD, Mr. H. R. 5069. An act for the relief of George NYE, Mr. LODGE, Mr. HOLMAN, and Mr. Garcavy; · BRooKs to be the conferees on the part of CONFIRMATIONS H . R. 5363. An act for the relief of John­ the Senate. Executive nominations confirmed by ston-Hall Hospital, Calhoun, Ga., and Dr. Z. V. Johnston, Calhoun, Ga.; ENROLLED BILL SIGNED the Senate April 9 (legislative day of H. R: 5452. An act for the relief ·of Emmett March 30). 1942: Armstrong; Mr. KL'R.WAN, from the Committee on · UNITED STATES MARITIME COMMISSION H. R. 6005. An act to authorize cases under E!lrolled Bills, reported that that com­ th0 Expediting Act of February 11, 1903, to mittee had on April 7, 1942, examined ·Rear Admiral Howard L. Vickery to be a be heard and determined by courts consti­ member of the United States Maritime Com­ and found truly enrolled .a bill of the tuted in the same manner as courts consti­ House of the following title: mission. tuted to hear and determine cases involving COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY the constitutionality of acts of Congress, and H. R. 6483. An act to amend the act en­ TO BE DIRECTOR further to define the powers of a district titled "An act to expedite the provision of housing in connection with national defens9, Leo Otis Colbert to be Director of the Coast judge in certain suits; and for other purposes," approved October 14, and Geodetic Survey. H. R. 6360. An act to amend the act known as the Perishable Agricultural Commodities 1Q40, as amended. TO BE JUNIOR HYDROGRAPHIC AND GEODETIC Act, 1930 ( 46 Stat. 531), approved June 10, ENGINEER 1930, as amended; and The SPEAKER pro tempore. The William Rude Jackson. H. R. 67·14. An act for the relief of Daniel Chair desires to announce that pursuant Elliott and Helen Elliott. to the authority granted to the Chair on On April 8, 1942: April 6, 1942, the Chair did on Tues:.. H. R. 639. An act for the relief of Edd day, April 7, 1942, sign the enrolled bill Nevins; of the House, H. R. 6483, entitled "An act H. R. 710. An act for the relief of Martin HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES N. Mayrath; to amend the act entitled 'An Act to Expedite the Provision of Housing in THURSDAY, APRIL 9, 1942 H. R. 3091. An act for the relief of Martin J. Price; Connection With National Defense and The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and H. · R. 3732. An act for the relief of Ida for Other Purposes,' approved October 14, Baird; 1940, as amended." was called to order by the Speaker pro H. R. 4099. An act for the relief of Onie tempore, Mr. Cox. Martin and Betty Martin; .ADJOURNMENT OVER The Rev~rend Hugh W. Glenn, Wesley H. R. 5559. An act for the relief of William Mr. COOPER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Chapel Methodist Church, New Albany, Horsman; Ind., offered the following prayer: H. R. 5652. An act to relieve certain em­ unanimous consent that when the House ployees of the Veterans' Administration from adjourns today it adjourn to meet on Our Heavenly Father, we thank Thee financial liability for certain overpayments Monday next. for the constant access that we have to and allow such credit therefor as is necessary The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without the throne of grace, through our Lord in the accounts of certain disbursing officers, objection, it is so ordered. Jesus Christ. Bestow Thou upon our be­ and for oth~r purposes; There was no objection. loved President, our Senate, and this as­ H. R. 5866. An act for the relief of the city of Atlanta, Ga.; EXTENSION OF REMARKS sembled House, all those graces and vir­ H. R. 5977. An act for the relief of Mr. and tues that will make them acceptable to Mrs. F. Wilder Temple; Mr. COOPER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Thee. May Thy guiding Spirit incline H. R. 6273. An: act to amend the provisions unanimous consent that the gentleman these Thy servants .to register their pa­ of the Internal Revenue Code by setting new from Missouri [Mr. CocHRAN] may have triotic devotion on the side of truth, ·maximum limits on allowances for losses of permission to extend his remarks in the righteousness, purity, and justice by the distilled spirits by leakage or eva:r:oration RECORD and include a newspaper article. dedication of themselves to Thee and to while in internal revenue bonded warehouses,. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without and for other purposes; objection, it is so ordered. the sacred rights of human freedom. H. R. 6387. An act to extend the crediting Add strength to their faith, ardor to their of military service under the railroad retire­ There was no objection. love, and help them to seek the heights ment acts, and for other purposes; and Mr. TREADWAY. Mr. Speaker, ide­ of open fellowship with Thee. Renew . H. R . 6440. An act to authorize the renewal sire to submit two consent requests: First their physical strength, give them the of the lease of the old naval hospital in the to extend my own remarks in the RECORb courage of their convictions, and unite District of Columbia for an additional period and include an editorial from the Satur­ them in singleness of heart and purpose. of 15 years. day Democrat. of Holyoke, Mass.; and Out or· our confusion and despair, help MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE second to extend· my remarks and include us to see that in Thy· will is our peace. excerpts from a recent speech by Gov. Amen. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Frank M. Dixon, of Alabama, pointing Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced The Journal of the proceedings of out some of the things we must dispense that the Senate had passed without with in order to win the war. Monday, April 6, 1942, was read and amendment a joint resolution of the approved. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without House of the following title: objection, it is ordered. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT H. J . Res. 263 . Joint resolution to provide There were no objection. Sundry messages in writing from the decorations for outstanding conduct or serv­ ice by persons serving in the American mer­ PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE President of the United States were com­ chant marine. municated to the House by Mr. Miller, Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, I ask one of his secretaries, who also informed The message also announced that the unanimous consent that on Monday next the House that on the following dates Senate had passed, with amendments, in after the · disposition of the legislative the President approved and signed bills which the concurrence of the House is re­ business for the day I may address the of the House of the following titles: quested, a bill of the House of the follow­ House for 25 minutes on the subject On April 6, 1942: ing title: Labor in the War Effort. H. R. 3722. An act for the relief of Lt. Col. H . R 6868. An act making additional ap­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there S. W. Mcilwain; propriations for the national defense for the objection to the request of the gentleman H. R. 4151. An act to authorize the acqui­ fiscal year ending June 30, 1942, and for other from North Dakota? sition by the United States of lands lying purposes. There was no objection. LXXXVIII--216 3422 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 9 EXTENSION OF REMARKS gate entrance. The driver attempted to which it was stated that a soldier was in­ Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I crank the engine and encountered some volved in the disorder. In. the investiga­ ask unanimous consent that my colleague difficulties. A tail light of a kerosene tian following, Corporal Davis -became the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. PAD­ type was burning at the rear of the involved in an altercation with Mr. Ab­ DOCK] may have permission to extend his truck. · ney, whicb resulted in the shooting of own remarks in the RECORD. At about the same time Mr. Kahn was Mr. Abney by Corporal Davis. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without driving a passenger automobile in the Corporal Davis was tried on May 2, objection, it is so ordered. same direction, and crashed into the 1941, by general court-martial for assault There was no objection. truck from the rear. As a result of the upon Homer J. Abney, with intent to do Mr. MARTIN J. KENNEDY. Mr. · collision he sustained personal injuries him bodily harm, by shooting him in the Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ and a passenger riding with him was thigh with a pistol. The accused .de­ tend my own remarks in the RECORD in killed. Mr. Kahn apparently asserts fended •. m grounds of self-defense and two instances and insert resolutions that he was unable to see the tail light was acquited by the court. It must be adopted by the legislature of my State. of the truck, oWing to the fact that he borne in mind that this court observed The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without was blinded by lights from oncoming the witnesses and weighed the evidence objection, it is so ordered. traffic, but does not contend that he submitted. There was no objection. made any effort to stop or slow down While the action of the court in ab­ CEJ.~TENNIAL CELEBRATION OF ESTAB­ when he was unable to see the road solving the accused from criminal liabil­ LISHMENT OF BOARD OF EDUCATION OF ahead of him. ity is not determinative cf the question THE CITY OF NEW YORK It does not appear that the driver of of any mural obligation of the United the Government vehicle was guilty of States to come to the aid of one injured Mr. MARTIN J. KENNEDY. Mr. any negligence whatsoever. I am un-· through the acts of its agents acting Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ able to agree with the suggestion that under color of office, or otherwise, the dress the House for 1 minute. it was his duty to place a flare back of substantial showing that the injured The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without the truck, since the truck was stalled party was the aggressor negatives such objection, it is so ordered. only momentarily, and he was attempt­ obligation. The evidence is clear that There was no objection. ing to get the engine started. More­ Mr. Abney took the law in his own bands Mr. MARTIN J. KENNEDY. Mr. over, I am advised that the existing pro­ in the matter of the collection of a small Speaker and Members of the House, to­ vision of the Virginia Code, requiring debt, and that his conduct created the day the board of education .of my city is flares or .torches to protect any bus or disturbance which resulted in his injury. 100 years old. Although the bill estab­ This, coupled with his acts of aggression lishing the original board was passed by truck that is disabled and stops upon the legislature on April 9, 1842, city-wide the highway, did not become law until committed against Corporal Davis, is observance of the anniversary will be 1938, while the accident here involved convincing that there is not only no legal postponed until next week because. the occurred in 1931. but no moral basis for the proposed schools are now in recess for the Easter While the lamentable results of the relief. holidays. collision are to be deplored, there does In this view of the matter, the ap­ - Exhibitions and observances will be not appear to be any moral obligation on proval of this enactment would estab­ the part of the Government to compen­ lish a precedent contrary to sound public held throughout the city ·and 1,000,000 policy. children will learn what it means to write sate the claimant under the circum­ on slates, do arithmetic on an abacus, stances. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, and peruse McGuffey's reader. On Tues­ In view of the foregoing considera­ THE WHITE HOUSE, April 9, 1942. day 732 schools will be conducted-for at tions, I feel constrained to withhold my least part of the day in the manner of approval from the bill. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without 1342. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. objection, further com;ideration of the Boys with dirty faces will be washed by THE WHITE HOUSE, April 9, 1942. message will be postponed until April 13 girls before their ·classes. Some will wear next. dunce caps. Oral examinations will be The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without There was no objection. conducted by visiting trustees. There objection, further consideration of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS also will be exhibitions of the new educa­ message will be postponed until April 13. There was no objection. Mr. THOMASON. Mr. Speaker, I ask tion system. The celebration will close unanimous consent to extend :r;ny own with a dinner at the Hotel Waldorf-As­ VETO MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT OF toria on April 20. remarks in the RECORD and to include an THE UNITED STATES-RELIEF OF H. J. Army Day address by Lieutenant Gen­ Should you be in New York City next ABNEY week we would be pleased to have you pay eral Somervell before the Military Order a visit to one of our schools. The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be­ of the World War at a recent Army Day fore the House the following veto mes­ dinner in Washington. :VETO MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF sage from the President of the United The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there • THE UNITED STATES-HARRY KAHN States, which was read: objection to the request of the gentle­ The SPEAKER pro tempore laid before man from Texas [Mr. THoMAsoN]? the House the following message ·from the To the House oj Representatives: There was no objection. President of the United States, which was I return herewith, without my ap­ Mr. BEITER. Mr. Speaker, I ask read: proval, H. R. 5504, "For the relief of H. J. unanimous consent to extend my own Abney." remarks in the RECORD on the subject of To the House oj Representatives: This enrolled bill would authorize and shipbuilding in the Great Lakes region I return herewith, without my ap­ direct the Secretary of the Treasury to and to include a statement or press re­ proval, H. R. 4665, to provide for the pay­ pay to H. J. Abney, Columbia, S. C., the lease by the United .States Maritime ment of the sum of $3,000 to Harry Kahn, sum of $1,419.50, in full settlement of all Commission. as compensation for personal injuries claims against the United States for per­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there sustained by him as a result of an acci­ sonal injuries sustained when he was shot objection to the request of the gentle­ dent involving an Army truck. and wounded by a military policeman in man from New York [Mr. BEITER]? It appears that on the evening of Columbia, S. C., on February 22, 1941. There was no objection. April 16, 1931, an Army truck was pro­ On the night of February 22, 1941, the ceeding northward on the Washington­ military policeman in question, Corporal SYNT~C RUBBER Richmond Highway, bound for Fort Vilas L. Davis, military police detach­ Mr. BEITER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Humphreys, Va. Upon approaching the ment, Fort Jackson, S. C., on duty in the unanimous consent to address the House entrance of the fort, the driver reduced city of Columbia, S. C., was dispatched, for 1 minute. his speed in order to make a right-hand under competent orders, with two · pri­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there turn into the gateway. As he did so, vates, to investigate a disorder at the objection to the request of the gentle­ the engine stalled and the vehicle came University Lunch in the city of Colum­ man from New York [Mr. BEITER]? to a stop, a short distance south of the bia, in response to a telephone call in There was no objection. 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HuUSE 3423 Mr. BEITER. Mr. Speaker, I am join­ nance Corporation arid of the R. F. C.­ tion motors, · and also for this rubber ing with Senator MURRAY. of Montana, owned_ and controlled Rubber Reserve substitute. in the sponsorship of legislation designed Company, was allowed to take the blame The result of that mistaken and blind to speed up the extensive manufacture for a serious miscalculation, if not worse, policy of opposition is that the American of synthetic rubber. My bil1 proposes the which is now becoming apparent. people are now confronted with a short­ establishment of the United States Rub­ It has been reported in some circles in age of three materials essential to Amer­ ber Authority with full power and funds · Washington that the real reason behind ican life, not ·one of which .;hey need to acquire sites, to construct plants,- and the lag in the establis.hmert of synthetic to have suffered if the administration to operate facilities for the swift pro­ rubper plants was that President Roose­ had listened to those who knew the situ­ duction of at least 400,000 tons of syn- . velt did not want to offend the British ation One is a shortage of gasoline. thetic rubber. · and Dutch rubber interests. Also, that Fuel alcohol can be produced in quanti­ Government ownership and operation he wanted to encourage the establish­ ties at a comparatively low price to be of plants of this character is strictly a ment of a rubber-growing industry in combined with gasoline. Enough alcohol wartime expedient. Under normal cir­ some of the Latin American countries. could have been produced to have pre­ cumstances I would not advocate it. But It is also said that he, as well as Vice vented any gasoline shortage. A second 30,000,000 motorists in America real!ze President HENRY A. WALLACE, did . not short~ge is that of rubber tires, which that conditions todaY are far from nor­ want a new industry established under could have been entirely prevented by mal. The leaders of our war effort are pressure of the war needs which after foresight on the part of the administra­ keenly aware that rubber is now more t]1e war would want a high tariff . tion if it had given encouragement to precious than gold. Without an ade­ William L. Batt,. in testifying before the establishment of these alcohol plants quate supply of the commodity we are the Truman defense investigating com­ to produce the alcohol necessary for con­ militarily bankrupt. We have no moral, mittee recently, disclosed that the syn­ version into rubber substitutes. The military, or national right to jeopardize thetic-rubber program had been · tor­ third is the sugar shortage. The Amer­ our armed forces nor essential civilian pedoed in some way under Jones' man­ ican p2ople have been told that part of activity bY short-sighted, ineffective agement. This Mr. Jones denies. He their availabJe sugar has already been methods for the provision of essential · did admit, however, in testifying before used to produce alcohol. Surplus corn rubber volume. the Truman committee, that the British­ and surplus wheat, in the J.mount of Therefore it appears to me that we Dutch combine had blocked the efforts of more than .a billion bushels, are still over­ must face the realities of the current the United States to build up a larger shadowing the American farmer's mar­ situation and deal forthrightly with stock pile of natural rubber although it ket, and costing the Government, and them. Too many public and private had been selling rubber to the Japs up to through the Government the taxpayers, agencies have been dwelling in the land the time of the Pearl Harbor attack. a lot of money when that corn and wheat · of make-believe, gambling not upon our It is important to the American pepple could have been used in the manufacture strength but upon the weakness and com­ that the record be kept straight in this of alcohol, there.by releasing the supply passion of our real and potential ene­ regard, because it is so similar to the of sugar·for use as such. mies. Now we must necessarily rely on domestic sugar situation. It will be re­ Instead of that the aaministration our own strength and upon our own called that in spite of the most earnest closed its eyes to the dangers that every­ ability to produce. · warnings on the part of those who best one else ~aw .nherent in any war situa­ I would be satisfied to further subsi­ knew the sugar situation that the ad­ tion. The people are today paying the dize private production, but, according to vent of a general war would create a penalty for that. All through this en­ Mr. Jones' reasoning, we have about sugar shortage in the United States, both tire investigation there is a singular ef­ tapped the immediate extent of that the President and the then Secretary of · fort, apparently, by spokesmen of the source. Because I strongly feel that we Agriculture, HENRY A. WALLACE, favored a administration, including Mr. Jones, to cannot tamper with this emergency, I see reduction rather than an increase in the discuss frankly the reason why the ad­ no other swift, workable means for max­ sugar-producing facilities of the United ministration for years refused to assist imum production in synthetic rubber States. Many sugar ..companies were in the establishment of alcohol plants, than in•making it the Federal Govern­ 'killed off by the adroit use of the quotas. synthetic-rubber plants, rubber-substi­ ment's responsibility. More than a year ago in these com­ tute plants, and an expansion of the I doubt if anyone will challenge the ments it was pointed· out tpat synthetic sugar industry. effectiveness of the plan proposed in mY rubber-strictly speaking of a natural It is devoutly to be hoped that this bill. If private companies are not equal rubber substitute-superior to the natu­ situation will be remedied forthwith, be­ to the task of vastly increased synthetic­ ral rubber itself could readily be manu­ cause this may be a long war. · rubber production-and it appears they factured from alcohol. It was pointed EXTENSION. OF REMARKS are not-then it is plainly the Govern­ out that the alcohol for the production of ment's obligation to do the job. My bill this rubber could be made in alcohol Mr. WHITE. Mr. Speaker, I ask presents a practical method of doing _the plants from surplus corn, wheat, · eV'en unanimous consent to extend my own re­ job and-most important-of getting it the waste materials on the farm. With­ marks in the REcORD and to include a done quickly. out going too deeply into the chemistry, letter written on the subject of silver. Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. · Mr. the process was to r€distill alcohol over a The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ catalyst of aluminum into a chemical objection to the request of the gentleman dress the House for 1 minute, and to ex­ called butadiene. The butadiene, pius from Idaho [.Mr. WHITE]? tend my own remarks in the RECORD. another chemical called styrene, poly­ There was no objection. . The SPEAKER pro tempore: ls there merizes into this rubber substitute . COMMITTEE ON MILITARY AFFAIRS objection to the request of the gentle­ It was also pointed out that in quan­ Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- man from Michigan [Mr. WooDRUFF]? tities this rubber could be produced to mous consent that the Committee on There was no objection. _ sell for about the price of natural rubber. Military Affairs of the House may be Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Mr. Its qualities were such, however, as to permitted to sit during the sessions of Speaker, there is something very peculiar make it of vastly greater durability and the House the coming week. about the synthetic rubber situation in utility than the natural-rubber product. The SPEAKER· pro tempore. Is there the United States. Washington has I.t was foreseen by many authorities objection to the request of the gentle­ been filled with rumors and whisperings as long as 2 years ago that there woul.d man from Kentucky [Mr. MAY]? about the manipulation which was in­ be a rubber shortage in this country in . There was no objection. dulged in to prevent the establishment of the event of war, and that such a rubber EXTENSION OF REMARKS a synthetic rubb~r industry in the shortage would come along with a sugar United States. Usually the blame was shortage. In spite of these warnings the Mr. LELAND M. FORD. Mr. Speaker, laid by administration spokesmen on administration opposed the establish­ I ask unanimous consent to extend my general conditions, although· Department ment of alcohol plants for the purpose own remarks in the RECORD and to in­ · of Commerce Secretary Jesse Jones, who of producing alcohol for power, com­ clude an article from Southern Cali­ also is head of · the Reconstruction Fi- bined with gasoline in internal-combus- fornia Business, published by the Los 3424 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL, 9 Angeles Chamber of Commerce, entitled unprecedented funds available for the war. kind of war supply and equipment may turn "Liberate America's Great Strength." But the executive departments of the Gov­ the tide our way on the great battlefronts. ernment have not crystallized industry into Washington knows this but fails to ap­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there war production as rapidly as the funds preciate that the American people also un­ objection to the request of the gentleman granted by Congress led the public to hope derstand it and are ready to respond loyally from California [Mr. LELAND M. FORD]? for and expect. to every demand that may be made on them. There was no objection. A few figures are instructive. There is What Washington needs to realize is that THE PLAIN TRUTH ABOUT THE WAR available, or b

PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE the taxpayers' friend. He is consistently every business in the country is will~g to Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask penny-conscious. pay a fair _share of the additional tax burden "Slowly the story is getting around the that will be necessary. However, it must be unanimous consent that at the conclu­ Fourth District as to how Congressman MEYER remembered that our peacetime budget and sion of the legislative program today, lias prevented the squandering of Federal tax load over the last 10 years has been the and following any other special orders funds. largest in the history of the country, and heretofOTe entered, I may be permitted "One of the most notable economy moves­ it is essential that this staggering cost be to address the House for 10 minutes, was MEYER's investigation of Coast Guard apportioned in an equitable manner and the and to revise and extend my remarks. officers' housing at the Curtis Bay Coast burden on our citizens eased as much as pos­ The SPEAKER pro t-empore. Is there Guard depot. MEYER heard that a lot of sible so that it will not of itself hamper the money was being spent and asked Rear Ad­ program of defense; and it is imperative, to objection to the request of the gentleman miral R. R. Waesche about it. The Coast my mind, that spending for nondefense needs from Oregon? Guard commander sent back plans for the be reduced in an effort to make it possible There was no objection. new housing project, and when MEYER broke to meet this stupendous obligation. It must EXTENSION OF REMARKS them into details he found that each Coast also be kept in mind that mere designation Guard officer would be housed in a palatial as a defense measure does not make it such. Mr. BEITER. Mr. Speaker, I ask mansion averaging $20,000 apiece. This is the case with the St. Lawrence sea­ unanimous consent to extend my own "As a result of MEYER's probing, the Coast way project, which was defeated on its merits, remarks in the RECORD on the subject on Guard has modified its housing project in but is now being urged upon us as a neces­ which I spoke just a moment ago, syn­ line with more economical standards. sity to national defense. "Last spring MEYER was· invited to go along It occurred to me that there was no better thetic rubber. on a 2-months' junket to the Pacific coast place to begin economizing than with this The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there to survey defense housing by the Public appropriation bill which ' provided for an objection to the request of the gentleman Buildings and Grounds Committee, of which increase of approximately $21,500,000 over the from New York? he is a member. But he told his committee previous year for the use of the Department There was no objection. colleagues that 2 months' was too long to of the Interior, and, while the effort was en­ take off; also, that he felt the most typical entirely unsucces~ful, I do feel from present PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE and interesting housing plans in the coun­ indications that arastic moves for economy are Mr. GOSSETT. Mr. Speaker, I ask try were right in Maryland. When the com­ forthcoming, and urge that we face in a very unanimous consent that on Wednesday mittee came back from its jaunt be literally real and active way the necessity for rigid dragged them across the State line and economy in unessential nondefense activi­ next, at the conclusion of the legislative proved it. program of the day, and following any ties as a vital part of the national defense "Last ~pring MEYER took the floor in de­ program. other special orders heretofore entered, manding a cut of nondefense expenditures. It has been my policy during the emer­ I may be permitted to address the House Today the White House itself is urging simi­ gency to lend my support to those measures for 15 minutes. lar stringent economies." which tend to strengthen our country eco­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Not only have I fought for and voted nomically and build u~ · its defenses and objection to the request of the gentleman to oppose any reckless pouring out of money for nondefense economy during my en­ ori noi;ldefense measures. from Texas? tire term of office, but so far back as There was no objection. That this subject of unessential nonde­ Tuesday, May 20, 1941, almost a year fense economy is very much alive is evidenced Mr. MEYER of Maryland. Mr. Speak­ ago, I had occasion to predict to the by recent editorials in many leading news­ er, I ask unanimous consent to address House that this subject was becoming papers and periodicals. the House for 1 minute. increasingly important. I refer to the Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there following speech: remarks, I include an editorial from the objection to the request of the gentleman Baltimore Evening Sun of May 16, 1941, from Maryland? Mr. MEYER of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, last Which I am now filing, and I hope it will week, when the House in Committee of the have the attention of the membership. There was no objection. Whole House on the state of the Union had Mr. MEYER of Maryland. Mr. Speak­ under consideration the bill (H. R. 4590) [From the Baltimore Evening Sun of May er, my office has been swamped with cor­ making appropriations for the Department 16, 1941] respondence on the subject of nonde­ of the Interior for the fiscal year ending June 30, 194;2, and for other purposes, I felt con­ A SHAKE-UP IS NEEDED IN THE DEPARTMENT OF fense economy within the past few weeks. THE INTERIOR This is as it should be, because ·I believe strained to support a number of amendments that more now than ever before, the offered, even though I found myself to be the "It would be a tragic error to assume that sole majority Member voting with the minor­ we can expand our defense production on a public should be awaken~d to the vital ity side of the House. This was, to me, a colossal scale and still go our usual ways, necessity of rigid economy in Govern­ new and not altogether pleasant experience, whether as a government or as individuals. ment, elimination of all nonessential ac­ but since then I have heard from many It would be folly to assume that we can con­ tivities, and concentration of all our majority Me:nbers who feel that my reasons tinue to spend now for nondefense needs as resources, financial and .otherwise, in an for so doing were sound. A teller vote was we did in normal times."--Secretary of the all-out effort to win this war with the called for on two of the amendments offered Treasury Henry Morgenthau. least possible sacrifice of the lives and which were designed to effect economies in On Wednesday the House of Representa­ blood of our people. the routine departments of Government, and, tives, asked to institute economies, voted to although rejected, the t.eller vote in one separate Dr. Ruth Gruber, alleged Commu­ I am proud of my record on the subject stood-yeas 66, -nays 79; and in the other­ nist, from the pay roll of the Department of of nondefense economy. I believe that yeas 73, nays 79; indicating that there is a the Interior. This would be a $5,000 saving. the people of the Fourth Congressional strong sentiment for retrenchment. After At the same time, however, the House ap­ District of Maryland approve this record. the defeat of each amendment designed to proved and sent to the Senate a bill to appro­ It would be fair to state that it is a record reduce expenditures, -! voted again with the priate $177,027,078 for the UStJ of the Depart­ which goes back as far as, if not actually minority party to recommit the bill to the ment of the Interior, which would be $21,- antedating, that of any Member of Con­ Commt•·tee on Appr'.lpriations with the rec­ 477,345 more than the current year's appro-. gress-House or Senate. ommendation that the committee reduce the priation. bill $21,469,245.61 from the various items, with This is fant~stic. The Department of the My record on this subject is perfectly the excepticn of those items sp-ecified in hear­ Interior provides, in its vast, amorphous, clear and has long since been established. ings as national defense. catch-all roominess, a convenient location It has been demonstrated both by words My reason for taking this position is based for countless unessential, nondefense groups and actions. In fact, my efforts on be­ on the certain knowledge that all expendi­ and projects. The Department is a congeries half of nondefense economy resulted in tures not directly connected with defense of divisions, bureaus, boards, administra­ the following statements which were pub­ should be curtailed as much as possible in tions, services, branches, subbranches, com­ lished in the Washington press on·Sun.;. order that the entire resources of the Nation missions, ~nd committees. Merely to list may be concentrated on the job at hand. them in close, fine prtnt requires page after day, December 7, 1941, the very day of I believe we are united as to the policy of page of the Congressional Directory. No­ the attack on Peafl Harbor. building a strong defense against any pos­ body, not even Mr. Ickes himself, knows "But to those on Capitol Hill, who have sible aggression and that we are united in everything that goes on ir this grab bag De­ watched his quiet, lone-wolf attention to the belief that we should finance this pro­ ·partment, but everyone knows that here is business; he has definitely done a good job. gram as far as is practicable on a pay·-as-you­ an opportunity to avoid the tragic error of He bas been not only the people's friend but go basis. I believe that every individual and which Mr. Morgenthau spoke when he warned 3426 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE- APRIL 9 against spending for unessential nondefense The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there necessary the construction of a smaller purposes. objection to the request of the g::mtleman type of vessel in the yards on the Great The Nation faces a probable public debt from Washington? Lakes. Recent newspaper items indicate of $90,000,000,000. It faces a future darker and more uncertain than at any time since There was no objection. a shipbuilding program and increased Washington first took the oath of office. Yet, Mr. PAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask activity in shipyards locat-ed on the At­ with national safety at stake, the House of unanimous consent to extend my own lantic seaboard and on the western coast. Representatives goes its usual way and votes remarks in the RECORD and include Congress should authorize the St. Law­ to add $21 ,000,000 more to the taxpayers' therein some newspaper editorials. rence seaway project at once so that burden. And for a Department full of unes­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there oceangoing boats could travel in a 27- sential, nondefense projects. objection to the request of the Commis­ foot channel. Such boats could then be My record on nondefense economy is sioner from Puerto Rico? built in the shipyards on the Great augmented by the fact that I have not There was no objection. Lakes. taken time out to play politics, but have Mr. HEALEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask I also want to point out that at the concentrated all my energy and time on unanimous consent that the majority present time there is plenty of skilled my office and the se:-iolis problems inci­ leader the gentleman from Massachu­ labor available in the Midwest, and it is dent to winning the war. This is no setts [Mr. McCORMACK] may be per­ to the ecor.~.omic advantage of this coun­ time to play politics. It is a luxury in mitted to extend his own remarks in the try to keep such labor there and to give · which I cannot indulge. I have but one RECORD and include therein an Easter the employment. This is perhaps jUSt job and that job is to attend to the message by William Cardinal O'Connell, another reason why the Congress should public business. I have attended every of Boston. · act favorably on the St. Lawrence seaway session of Congress and have answered The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there project. Hpwever, until such action is · every roll call. In my opinion, a public objection to the request of the gehtle­ taken, I want to direct attention to the office is truly a public trust . . man from Massachusetts? fact that the Great Lakes still have ship­ Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent There was no objection. building facilities and that the Govern­ to revise and extend my remarks and Mr. PITTENGER Mr. Speaker, I ask ment ought to construct the smaller craft include therein a statement from the unanimous consent to extend my own at the shipyards now available in the Washington press of December 7. · remarks in the RECORD on the subject of Great Lake ports. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there regimentation, priorities. allocations, and PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE objection to the request of the gentleman so forth. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask from Maryland? unanimous consent to address the House There was no objection. objection to the request of the gentleman from Minnesota? for 1 minute. PERMISSION TO .ADDRESS THE HOUSE There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from South Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. SIDPBillLDING FACILITIES ON THE GREAT Carolina? Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that LAKES at the conclusion of the remarks of the There was no objection. gentlema,n from Oregon [Mr. ANGELL] Mr. PITTENGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, during today I may be permitted to address the unanimous consent to address the House the past 2 months I have received nu­ House for 15 minutes. for 1 minute, and to revise and extend merous ·letters from my constituents my remarks. urging me to vote for legislation to out­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there law strikes on national defense projects. objection to the request of the ~entleman The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the reques~ of the gentle­ I have also received numerous letters from California? asking that the 40-hour-week law be There was no objection. man from Minnesota? There was no objection. amended so that no worker would be en­ Mr. JACKSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask titled to time and a half pay after work­ unanimous consent that at· the conclu­ Mr. PITTENGER. Mr. Speaker, a news item in today's paper carries a lot ing 40 hours on a national defense sion of the remarks of the gentleman project. from California [Mr. VooRHIS] today I of interesting information about ·what the automobile industry is now doing in I know that the people of my district may be permitted to address the House are well aware of the fact that I have and for 15 minutes. Detroit in the war-production program. In its concluding paragraph, after de­ will continue to vote to repeal any law The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there which has a tendency to retard the work objection to the request of the gentleman scribing the war materials that are being turned out there, it states: in defense industries. As far back as - from Washington? April 15, 1941, on the floor of this House, There was no objection. Speed up the building of ships, so that we can get our planes and tanks and guns I expressed my sentiment on the strike EXTENSION OF REMARKS into the hands of our fighting men on all situation existing in national defense in­ the far-flung fronts of this war. dustries; therefore there should be no Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask doubt in any of my· constituents' minds unanimous consent to extend my own Mr. Speaker, months .and months ago as to my position on matters of this remarks in the RECORD and to include we pointed out to administration leaders nature. therein two short newspaper articles re­ the need for the decentralization of in­ We voted for the so-called Smith bill lating to the work of the Farm Security dustry so that war industries could be December 3, 1941, 4 days before the Pearl Administration. located in the Midwest. As part. of that Harbor incident, and this bill is now The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there program we pointed out the shipbuilding pending before the Senate. I am certain objection to the request of the gentleman facilities on the Great Lakes. I am re­ that if the Senate will pass the Smith "from Alabama? ferring particularly to Lake Superior, but labor bill. the people of this country will There was no objection. I do not exclude the other Great Lakes. consider this a direct demand to the Mr. ZIMMERI\11\N. Mr. Speaker, I ask The Great Lakes have shipyards, they President and the executive departments unanimous consent to extend my own have shipbuilding facilities. I call at­ to correct the labor situation and do remarks in the RECORD and include there­ tention at this time to these facilities away with the 40-hour-week program in an article from the Missouri Farm because I believe some of the administra­ for the duration of the war. We all know Bureau News under date of April 1, 1942. tion leaders and some of the men in that the President with his wartime The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there charge of that program are overlooking power has full authority to correct this objection to the request of the gentleman the possibilities. situation without an act of Congress. from Missouri? It is true that large boats cannot be I personally am not in a position to There was no objection. constructed in the Great Lakes ship­ know whether strikes and other irregu­ Mr. COFFEE of Washington. Mr. yards. because we made.a mistake a long larities of this nature have caused delays Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ time ago in not deepening the St. Law­ in manufacturing war materials. I am tend my own remarks in the RECORD and rence seaway channel to a 27-foot depth. here to represent the people of the Sixth include therein an article from the The seaway channel, at the present time, District of South Carolina, and it seems Seattle Post-Intellig{mcer. is only 14 feet in depth, and this makes to me that the majority of them are in 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3427 favor of passing some antistrike legisla­ The greatest aid our people can give The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there tion for the duration of the war, and they our Commander in Chief at the· present objection to the request of the gentle­ are anxious to have the 40-hour-week time is to try to keep unfounded rumors man from Oklahoma? law repealed for the duration. I shall from being spread among the masses, There was no objection. strive to see that their wishes are who are already frantic and disturbed ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATION FOR ACCESS ROADS granted by- continuing to ·assist in every over the few reverses we have received Mr. CARTWRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I way possible in having our war program at the hands of our enemies. It is true wish to announce that I have today in­ expedited. that we have lost some territory; how­ troduced a bill

HOW MANY UNDERNOURISHED SCHOOL CHILDREN whose incomes were below the level children received· a complete hot meal; DO WE HAVE? necessary to provide an adequate diet, the other 25 J)€rcent got only cold There are undernourished children as well as suitable housing, clothing, and lunches, sometimes only fruit juice. among the generation of tomorrow in medical care. And, of course, families I have seen, and will later present, our country. There are about 9,000,000 in these circumstances are going to have some of the thousands of letters from of them. This is just 9,000,000 more an inadequate diet. It is unreasonable teachers and parents in the files of the than there ought to be and 9,000,000 to expect families to budget for a suitable Surplus Marketing Administration testi­ more than there need to be. For an diet by falling below the maintenance fying to the importance of the school­ expenditure of between $60,000,000 and level in all the other necessities of life. lunch program. Letters from teachers $90,000,000 of Federal funds we can What effect the rise in national income telling of children bringing to school only make it true that there will not be one. in the past few years has had on these a piece of corn bread smeared with lard The exact determination of the actual figures cannot yet be determined, but it for their noon lunch, and frequently number of undernourished or malnour­ must be remembered that the rise in in­ these children had come to school with ished school children in the United come has been accompanied by a rise in no breakfast; of children who brought States is of course not easy. Tests of nu­ living costs. And for many people the empty lunch pails to school, and at lunch tritional status inv6lve the checking of rise in living costs has been greater than time went to some secluded part of the a great many data, and even an exhaus­ the increase in income. It is significant school grounds so that their companions tive physical test sometimes yields ques­ that as late as 1939 it was estimated that would not know they had no lunch; tionable results. 19 percent of the children in the country copies of letters from parents to teachers However, what constitutes an adequate were members of families on public relief saying that the children had to work in diet is very well known, and a number rolls, and in December 1941, 9,700,000 the cottonfield that day, but that they of studies on the adequacy of diets have people were dependent on some form of would come to school at noon to get been made. One of the most significant public relief for their living. If we add to their regular hmch. is the Nation-wide survey conducted by these the families which under good As you know, Public Law No. 320 was the Bureau of · Home Economics of the standards would be eligible for relief, but passed as an aid to agriculture. It pro­ Department of Agriculture in 1935-36. are subsisting mainly on food· from the vides, among other things, that the Sec­ It was found at this time that 27 percent Surplus Marketing Admintstration, and retary of Agriculture shall encourage the of the families in the country had good above all the millions of families who domestic consumption of agricultural diets, 38 percent had fair diets, and 35 have never asked or received any reHef, commodities by getting them to persons percent had poor diets. A diet providing but which have an income of less than in low-income groups. Under this legis­ a wide margin of safety above nutritional $1,000 a year, .it is readily apparent that lation the Federal Surplus Commodities requirements was classified as good; that the undernourished "one-third of a na­ Corporation and its successor, the Sur­ providing a narrow margin, fair; and tion" is not an idle phrase. plus Marketing Administration, have that deficient in the things necessary fqr Since the school population of the purchased agricultural commodities vigor, normal development, and health, country is about 28,000,000, a · realistic when a surplus situation threatened the was called poor. study of the above reports leads to the price structure. There have been times As would be expected, dietary condi­ inevitable conclusion that upward of when prompt action by this agency has tions were particularly bad among low­ nine or ten million children of school age been the one thing that has saved the income families. Of the families spend­ are denied an adequate diet simply be­ markets for some farm commodities ing about $1.75 per person per week for cause the family income does not permit from complete demoralization. food, 75 percent had poor diets. At the it. And a very great percentage of these One of the ways-and I personally time of the study, $1.75 per person per children live not in city slums but on the think the most important one-in which week was the average food expenditure farms. of the Nation themselves. the Surplus Marketing Administration for nonrelief families -in the $500-$1,000 These are the children from which has used these commodities is in the annual income class, and, of course, was America's whole future strength must school-lunch program. well above the average for relief families. come. They are the ones that will in­ Briefly, the school-lunch program In 1936, 47 percent of all American fami­ herit the world situation we are now cre­ works this way: Commodities purchased lies had incomes of less than $1.000 .. Of ating. It will be no easy one. It is not by the Surplus Marketing Administra­ course, that situation is somewhat im­ only sound national policy but a matter tion are allocated to State departments proved now-but not as. much, I fear, as of simple justice that we give them a fair of welfare who, in turn, allocate them to we would like to believe. That low-in­ and decent start. · schools which certify that they have un­ come families have more than the aver­ SCHOOL-LUNCH PROGRAM dernourished children in attendance. age number of children is well known. What then shall we do about it? For­ Whatever commodities are available are And so it is evident that the 35 percent tunately a method and program has al­ allotted to schools on the basis of the of the families that have had inadequate ready b3en tried out and found to be number of undernourished children, and diets, include much more than 35 percent good. It is ready to our hand if we will these children are given free lunches. At of the children. take it and use it with the vigor it and the same time, every effort is made to The National Resources Committee's the children of America deserve. have· all children in the school served report, Consumer Incomes in the United I am introducing today ·an amendment the same food, so that there is no dis­ States-1935-36-shows that 32 J)€rcent to section 32 of Public Law No. 320, to crimination whatever between the pay­ of all families in the United States had permit the Depart.ment of Agriculture to ing and nonpaying children. Local incomes of less than $750 per year, and continue and expand its aid to school­ sponsors of the program, ·who may be nearly half-47 percent-had incomes of lunch programs for undernourished chil­ boards of education, parent-teacher as­ Jess than $1,000. Further reference to dren. That is the reason for this speech. sociations, or other public-spirited civic the Bureau of Home Economics study I do not know how well acquainted the groups furnish labor, equipment, and discussed above will establish a strong Members are with the school-lunch pro­ foods to supplement those furnished by suppositiorrthat 75 percent of these low­ grams for undernourished children. In the Surplus Marketing Administration. income families had inadequate diets. December of 1941 the Department of The children do not need to know, and in Again, this indicates that more than one- Agriculture, through the Surplus Mar­ most cases probably do not know, that . third of the families in the country have keting Administration, helped feed ap­ the Federal Government is giving them inadequate diets because they cannot proximately five and one-half million of anything. There is just a lunch where afford better diets. the estimated 9,000,000 undernourished there was none before-that is all. · A Bureau of Labor Statistics study of children in the United States, Over 80,- Administration and management of employed wage earners and clerical 000 schools operated lunch programs the school-lunch program is left entirely workers in 1935-36 showed that more supported in. part by commodities fur­ to the local sponsor· and the actual work­ than 40 percent of the children in this nished by the Surplus Marketing Ad­ ing out of it takes almost as many forms relatively favored group lived in families ministration. About 75 percent of the as there are schools participating. The 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3431

Surplus Marketing Administration and In England, school lunches became a WHAT MY BILL WILL DO State departments of welfare exercise national issue upon the publication in Because the Department of Agricul­ only nominal supervision over the pro­ 1902 of a statement that. only two of ture's aid to school-lunch programs has gram to make sure that the food is prop­ every five men who .wished to · become depended upon the purchase of commodi­ erly utilized, that it meets the greatest soldiers in the Boer War were physically ties that were actually in surplus, and need it can, and that no child is treated fit. This is similar to the experience because there has been 110 policy adopted or made to feel an object of charity or of of our own Selective Service offic als, who and no assurance of financ!al support, its governmental largess. found that of the first million men ex­ donations nave been irregular and some­ Up to now the distribution of these amined in the recent draft, 15 percent what undependable. Local sponsors have commodities to hungry children has de­ had to be rejeco ted because of disabilities frequently carried on under great d ~ ffi­ pended entirely upon the surplus situa­ traceable to nutritional defects. A culties. but they have carried on in most tion with respect to the commodities committee of Parliament found that "We cases. However, if the Department of themselves and upon the chance that 30 have got to the point where we must Agriculture should have to discontinue its percent .:>f tariff receipts would be suf­ face the question whether the logical aid,· there is no doubt that much of this ficient to carry on·this and the other pro­ culmination of free education is not free work will be given up. grams dependent on that money. At meals in some form or other, it being Under the present legislation the De­ this time, because of the war and the in­ cruelty to force a child to go and learn partment may soon be handicapped in its creased demand for food products, com­ what it has not the strength to learn." prosecution of the school-lunch program modities available on a strict surplus In 1906 the Provision of Meals Act put by the rather vague language of Public basis are limited in variety and quantity, the feeding of undernourished children Law No. 320 which has been interpreted and they will probably change rather in the hands of local educational au­ to permit only commodities in surplus to drastically from time to time. The vol­ thorities. The legislation was not man­ be purchased for distribution to low­ ume of imports, furthermore, is an alto­ datory, but under this and following acts income groups, and which makes no pro­ gether uncertain quantity and will un­ of Parliament the movement for free vision for appropriations, aside from the doubtedly be very small indeed for the school lunches rapidly gained strength 30 percent of customs receipts. Under next several years. I think, with the up to the. beginning of the present war. the food-for-freedom program it is al­ agricultural situation changing from day Now what has England done with most certain that local surplus situations to day, and with the financial provision school lunch under her war program? will arise which will justify purchases by for section 32 work so very uncertain, it Has she abandoned it? No. In the the Department of Agriculture under the is time we amend this legislation so that midst of the greatest crisis in her history, p~ · esent ~ct. However, it may become fund~ in addition to tariff receipts can a.nd w'.th the distribution of food severely very important, if a good school-lunch be appropriated, if necessary, to make restricted, England ha~ gone ahead far program is to be maintained, that limited possible these school lunches and to see more rapidly with her school-lunch pro­ supplementa! purchases be made of com­ that they meet the basic need of the gram than ever before. England, of modities not in surplus. How, indeed, children. course has long since passed through could food be better used than to supply the period we al'e now in and has al­ . The Surplus Marketing Administration really dietary needs of children? It is ready reached •,he inescapa b:e conclusion to meet this situation that I want to is now besieged by anxious teacl:iers, par­ that nothing is more vital to the defense ents, and interested people of every sort amend this legislation. The amendment effort than an adequat.ely fed popula­ will enable the Congres~ to establish who fear that under the emergency pro­ tion. I understand the central govern­ gram, Federal aid for school lunches will the policy and principle of a sustained, ment of England is now subsidizing milk orderly, and adequate school-lunch pro­ be curtailed or cut off completely. The for school chilr:lren up to 100 percent, tone of the letters leaves no doubt that gram to the end that Americans may and school mnches up to 95 percent of proudly say, "Thtre is being reared in lJ,.mch programs will have to be com­ the total cost. and the announced policy pletely abandoned in many areas if this ou1 •..ration the ~trongest, healthiest, most of the ministry of food is to expand intelligent future race that the world has aid is denied. school lunches until all the 5,000,000 Of course, the poorest communities, ever known." elementary- and secondary-school chil­ AS A NECESSARY WAR M EASURE which are least able to do anything for dren tn the eountry a.re included. In themselves, will be the hardest hit. addition school canteens are given larger I have mentioned before the importance I do not want to see this splendid work allowances of the protective foods than of keeping school-lunch programs going curtailed; rather, I think because of the are ordinary restaurants and cafes. lf from a nutritional and national welfare war, we must expand it to the point that England with her shor~age of food, can point of view. I would like now to men­ there is not one hungry child in the land. do this, should we, with our tremendous tion their possible great importance as One of the four freedoms, for which we stocks of food, cons~der reducing the lit­ a measure of meeting war emergencies. are fighting, is freedom from want. The tle help we are now giving this important If air raids come while children are in farmers of America are being asked to .work? school, the children will in most cases produce not only enough food for Amer­ · I do not see how we; with our tre­ have to stay in the building until the ica and her fighting forces but also mendous production of food, can do less "all clear." What an immense morale enough for the people of many other lands than England has done builder a warm meal would be at a time as well. What can we say to millions of The United States has been slow to fol­ lil~e this is imm•~diately apparent. our own undernourished children if we low the lead of other countries in regard If evacuations become necessary, un­ take away from them their one decent to school lunches-a means to national doubtedly school buildings will be turned meal a day? health and strength. A number of mu­ into evacuee shelters. In such a case, the importance of a feeding program al­ WHAT OTHER NATIONS· HAVE DONE nicipalities and private groups set up free and low-cost lunch programs in schools ready in operation cannot be overesti­ I would like to talk for a moment about · around the beginning of the century. mated. nation school-lunch legislation in other However, it was not until the Federal The National Nutrition Committee and countries. France, in 1882, made the Surplus Commodities Corporation, as an the Conference on Women's Activities in establishment of school funds for meals adjunct of their surplus-disposal activi­ Civilian D2fense have endorsed school­ and other extra-curricular activity man­ ties, made commodities available for lunch programs as a defense measure. datory upon communities. Free school lunches for undernourished school chil­ HOW ABOUT OUR FARMERS? lunches have also been supported by na­ dren, that Nation-wide interest in a And what about the farmers of Amer..­ tional legislation in Holland, Switzer­ school lunch program was aroused. There ica? While we do not anticipate any land, Denmark, Finland, Austria. Bel­ is still no national legislation or school important agricultural surpluses during gium, and some other countries. lunches. Such legislation-legislation to the period of the emergency, we should In Central and South America no less establish a principle in our country-the remember that when the war is over than 13 countries support free breakfast, principle of "no hungry children in there if danger that our farmers will be lunch, and milk projects wholly or partly America" is what I am offering and what in an even worse position than they were from federal funds. I am talking about today. before we entered the war, unless we have 3432 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 'APRIL 9 the will to prevent this. But if we have balance of the cost. Twenty million dol­ very great. To provide school lunches established it as a principle of our life lars surely is a small price to pay for so today for the estimated 9,000,000 under­ that where children are hungry there we really great a thing. nourished children would require, as has will see that food is sent them, the best Rough estimates of foodstuffs required for been said, between $60,000,000 and $90,- of all possible outlets for distributing any school-lunch program to cover five to nine 000;000-a cheap price indeed for us to surpluses will be readily available. million children 1 pay to enable us to say to all the world Local sponsors, teachers, parents~ and that here is one nation that applies its school children are going to do every­ School School democracy in thoroughgoing fashfon lunch, lunch, thing they can to keep these programs Commodity 5,000,000 9,000,000 where it means the most. going. We can help them immeasurably children children Furthermore, the effect of such a by permitting the Department of Agri­ policy would mean that, in the future, culture to purchase and distribute the Million Million should other home markets for the simple kinds of food that are necessary Dairy products: units units farmers food products be cut down, this Butter ______pounds __ 30.0 54.0 to supplement what local people can do Dry skim milk ______do ____ 22.5 40.5 on~for school lunches-would corre­ to make sure that America's rising gen­ Poultry products: Eggs ... dozen __ 15. 0 27.0 spondingly increase. Nor can the benefit Fruits: eration is prepared to meet tomorrow's Apples _____ ---______bushels __ 1.3 2. 4 to the farmers be measured solely in the world with strong bodies and vigorous Pears __ ----______do ___ _ .1 .3 actual number of dollars spent in direct Peaches __: ___ ----- __ • ___ . do ___ _ . 3 .5 minds. Oranges _____ ------boxes .. purchases of the supplies for the school Grapefruit ______do ____ 1. 5 2. 7 ESTIMATED COST OF AN ADEQUATE SCHOOL-LUNCH 2. 7 4.8 lunches. Such purchases, as proven by PROGRAM AND SCHOOL-MILK PROGRAM SERVING Dried prunes ••••••••••. tons __ 211.2 220.2 Raisins __ ------______do ____ 211.2 220.2 experience, would help to stiffen prices 9,000,000 CHILDREN Vegetables: all along the line in a time of falling Dry beans ___ 100-pound bags __ • 2 .4 prices . It has been carefully estimated that a Potatoes. ______• ______. do. ___ .6 .1.1 school-lunch program giving considera­ Onions ______do ____ .1 .1 I would not be so foolish as to claim Fresh tomatoes •.•••. bushels .. .3 .5 that a program of ending undernourish­ tion to a variety of foodstuffs which Cabbage ______tons .. l3. 7 26.7 would substantially reduce malnutrition Carrots. ___ __ • _____ ._ bushels __ . 3 . 5 ment among America's children will Beets ______.. do ____ .1 .1 alone solve our farmers problems for all among 9,000,000 school children, would Cereal products: cost the Department of Agriculture be­ Flour. wheat equivalent time to come. But I do say it would be tween sixty and ninety million dollars a bushels __ .8 1. 5 right and just and that it would give Corn meal and hominy grits, the kind of solid assurance to American year, depending on types of food pur­ corn equivalent ____ bushels . . . 3 . 5 chased and, of course, the price. This Meat products: Pork _____ pounds .. 15.0 27.0 agriculture which it should have now. Other products: expenditure, of course, contemplates the Peanut butter OUR OWN PEOPLE-AND THE PEOPLE OF OTHER farm equivalent------tons __ 213.0 2 23.4 NATIONS distribution only of foods widely grown Lard ______pounds .. in this country, and for which the Sur­ 15.0 27.0 America is not fighting this war alone. plus Marketing Administration has con­ There are other nations fighting on our ducted surplus removal programs in the I Program for 5,000,000 children estimated to cost $45.000,000; program for 9,000,000 children estimated to side and we are pledged to give them past few years. cost $!)(),000,000. every assistance we can. We have un­ This- cost is based on the continuance 2 Thousand tons. dertaken to furnish them with arms and of present operations, wherein local spon­ Source of data: Economic Analysis Section, Surplus we have undertaken to furnish them with sors furnish all equipment and labor and Marketing Administration, Der. 8, 1941. food. Few Americans will disagree with the supplementary foods necessary to THE FUTURE FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURE our doing this. But it means that we ·make a well-rounded meal. The cost to Every farmer in America is being must be more tha·n ever certain that there the S. M. A. would be about $1.10 per asked to increase his production of food­ are no hungry people in our own land. child per month-5 cents a meal. With stuffs as his contribution to the food­ ITEMS FROM LOCAL SOURCES ON NECESSITY FOR, the normal average supplementation by for-freedom program. Most all of them AND VALUE OF SCHOOL LUNCHES the sponsor, the average child would re­ will do so. Here are a few copies of letters from ceive an adequate, nutritionally planned During the first World War they did teachers, statements by interested· per­ hot lunch, worth, at cost, from 10 to 12 the same thing, and when the war was sons, and newspaper stories, testifying cents each school day. over they were forgotten, and in 1920 to the undernourishment of school chil­ A table is attached showing the esti­ there began a depression for American dren and to the value of the school-lunch mated purchases necessary to support a agriculture which lasted-tragic as it is program in combatting it. well-planned, nutritious program for to say it-right down to the outbreak of I ain informed that thousands of simi­ 9,000,000 children. the present conflict. . lar items are in the field offices of the It should be noted that the S. M. A. We owe a moral obligation at the very Surplus Marketing Administration. will spend on the 1941-42 program, which least to farmers participating in the [Fro-m a report by school-lunch representa• will serve a peak of 6,500,000 children and fo_od-for-freedom. program to see that tive for Texas] an average of 4,500,000 children, only this same thing does not happen again. · J. W. Mosely, Collin County, Tex., school about $30,00C,OOO. The apparent dis­ And we can fulfill that obligation. The superintendent, said that before any of the crepancy between this year's expendi­ straightforward way to do it is to adopt schools in his county were certified for the tures and those outlined in the table lies policies now which will give some reason­ receipt of commodities, extensive research chiefly in the fact that the present pro­ able assurance that the bottom will not - was made am0ng all the school children, and gram does not at all measure up to the drop out of the American farmer's mar­ the persons making this investigation were best program discussed above. While ket or his prices after the war is won. amazed to learn the number of empty lunch most of the commodities on the attached It is true, of course, that during the basketR the children carried to school, just table have been available from time to because they were· too proud to let anyone war employment and wages will be at a know they did not have any lunch. He time this year, only a few have been high level. Some even forecast that be­ stated the look on the children's faces when available to all schools all year. In fact, fore we are finished with this job there they walk into a lunchroom at noon for a the program has been in extreme jeop­ will be little or no unemployment. steaming, bot lunch_has repaid him a thou­ ardy in a number of low-income areas But that should not affect our adopt­ sand times for any small trouble it might because the S.M. A. has not been able to ing now, while it is comparatively easy have been to get this program started in supply sufficient of the most-needed to do so, sound and farsighted national Collin County. foods. policies which will stand us in good stead A school'-milk program whereby 9,000,- when the war is over. One such policy [From the Hoosier Sentinel, Daviess County, 000 children would get one-half pint· of wvuld be this: America is determined to Ind., of December 1940 J milk per day at a cost of not more than stamp out undernourishment among her "But it wasn't my turn to eat, teacher." 1 cent per half-pint would cost approxi­ school children. This was the reply a little girl gave the prin­ cipal of a Daviess County school. The child mately $20,000,000 a year. This estimate Such a policy would mean that, both had fainted at chapel exercises and the prin­ is based on the operation of S. M. A.'s now and in the future, this school-lunch cipal suspected malnutrition and hunger bad present small school-milk program, in program would be maintained at what­ brought about the child's collapse. which the sponsor or the children pay 1 ever level was necessary to end under­ Further questioning developed a story of cent per half-pint and S. M. A. pays the nourishment. Nor would the cost be so deprivation that chilled the teacher's heart. 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3433

There were ~even children in the little girl's [Letter from school teacher, Mis~ouri] definite need. As every home with the ex­ family beside the father and mother. The The children in this school are all from ception of 2 in that community was badly father was -employed on W. P. A. at $52 a very poor families, part of them coming to flooded, the people not only did not have month, and try as she might, the harassed school without lunch and par.t bringing very any place to eat, but did not have any food, mother could not make ends meet. It was little. On one occasion one family of chil­ as practically all foodstuffs were destroyed. therefore decided that the members of the dren brought only popcorn for lunch, while As classes were closed for several days, it was family would "take turns" at the table at most of the time they brought nothing at all. broa.dcast by a public-address system in mealtime. Prolonged participation in the The commodities are certainly needed here Silex that meals would be· fed to all comers "turn taking" and the scanty meals at other as at times I have had to buy food for them. in the dinin~ room of the school. During times had caused the 13-year-old girl to It is very unpleasant to see children come the first 3 days after the fiood, over 500 per­ faint. to school without food. sons a day were fed hot, well-balanced meals, School authorities decided to investigate Now we have at least one hot dish every and 3 times a - day. The Social Security the school-lunch program, to the end that day. I have taught in rural schools for 15 office allocated extra (S. M. A.) commodities thi's child and many others in the community years and in that time have seen many chil­ for this emergency, and additional foods were who lived in like circumstances ·could be dren come to school without food. I believe purchased. by individuals and other organi­ assured of one good meal a day. Now this the surplus commodities are responsible for zations. Without a doubt, the people of the child and her brothers and sisters and her making many children well and happy, and Silex community are sold on their hot-lunch schoolmates have nourishing meals every I am quite sure is doing a great deal of good. programs now, more than ever before. day. There is no longer any need to "take MARY MCBRIAN, turns" at the family table. The Surplus Marketing Administration . Teacher, Elk Grave School, is now storing in strategic centers quan­ Caldwell County, Mo. JANUARY 1941. tities of food which, in case of an emer­ [From the Long Prairie Leader, Todd County, gency, can be quickly made available for Minn., of February 1941] [From a report by a school-lunch representa­ distribution to the distressed population. At a certain school in the cou~ty, it was In such situations, well set-up school­ noticed that a girl who regularly carried tive in Texas, February 1941] a lunch pail to school, never ate her lunch Mr. R. B. Cunningham, of Dallas, visited lunch operations would be invaluable for with the other children. The girl would the Rand colored school in Egypt settlement, feeding people who would be unable to always take her lunch and sit in sech,Ision Kaufman County, where he contacted the prepare their own food. during the lunch period. Investigation re­ principal of the school. The Rand colored HOW CHILDREN IMPROVED IN ATTENDANCE AND vea:led that the lunch pail was merely a blind; school is operating the hot-lunch program SCHOLARSHIP IN SCHOOLS HAVING SCHOOL• it -contained nothing, but the girl pretended with Work Projects Administration assistance. LUNCH PROGRAMs-A SCIENTIFIC STUDY _ to eat, and sat in seclusion because sl;le did Mr. Cunningham said that everything about not want her schoolmates to know that she the school was immaculately clean. One cor­ While it is difficult to measure benefits did not have any food at the noon hour. ner of the schoolroom had been partitioned of a school-lunch program objectively, a off for· space for a kitchen and· pantry. The study in Camden. County, Mo., by the noonday meal was being prepared at the time county superintendent of schools and the [Letter from school teacher-Alabama] of his visit, and among other things being secretary-director of the State social We have been trying to operate a lunch­ prepared was a large pan of rice pudding, in security commission seems to merit at­ room· in our school for 3 years, but have which they were using rice, evaporated milk, tention. not done as well as it seemed.that we should. butter, and raisins supplied by the com­ The study was made from records in However, this year has started off much bet­ modity department. Seventy-five children ter than any previous year. Our attendance are being served lunch at this school. The the county superintendent's office after is better, the health of the children is above principal told Mr. Cunningham that now the close of the·· school term, so that the average, the interest in class has gone daily attendance remains stationary at ap­ neither teachers nor pupils knew of the up considerably. proximately 89 percent, whereas prior to the study. Ten schools were surveYed which The greatest good that is outstanding 1s hot-lunch program the daily attendance was· served a hot lunch during the 1940 school the fact that our children seem to. have more always less than 75 percent. - year, but had not done so the previous pep and go in them. Where the children year. Ten similar schools which had no did hang around in the house, they a.re glad when playtime comes so that they may play. [Letter from a Missouri school teacher, lunch program either year were selected S. D. WHITTEN, January 1941] as a control group. An attempt was Principal, Flint School We feel that the hot-lunch program is one made to pair the schools in the two Route 2, Decatur, Ala. of the best things the State of Missouri has groups, so that the control group would MARCH 5, 1941. done for the children in many _years. I find be the same as the survey group as to that my school children have gained from 3 location, enrollment, and economic con­ [From a report by .school-lunch representative to 10· pourids of flesh since we started about ditions of the families served. All 20 for Texas) the first of September. This is my second year to sponsor the hot-lunch program, and schools were rural and nonconsolidated, The county-school superintendent of Kauf­ I find that it -also helps attendance. Wish and 12-6 in each group-had the same man County, Tex., and a friend were talking to say that our program is working perfectly, teachers both years with a teacher in .a remote rural school one and we are very grateful to the State of Attendance day when a child appeared with a note which Missouri for it. The percentage of daily attendance to he handed to the teacher. She read it, smiled, PEARL BEAL, and told the child it would be all right. T eache.r, Middle Smith School, ·enrollment ·for the two groups is shown After he left she read the note to the two District 104, Stoddard County, Mo. · below: men. It had been written by one of the sev­ enth-grade pupils, explaining that he and his Notice that Miss Beal does not even P ercent P ercent Gain in brother, the messenger, were necessarily kept mention the Federal Government or-the attend· attend- percent out of school that morning to pick some cotton Department of Agriculture at all. Which ance ance attend- for their father; however, to save them a place 1938-39 1939-40 ance · at the table because they would be there for surely proves that this program far from ------·1------lunch and afternoon classes. fostering dependence upon Washington Control group______. 69. 18 70. 54 1. 36 is actually developing an increased de- Survey grOUP--- -·-·"--- 70. 99 184.34 13. 35 . gree of iocal responsibility. [From a report by school-lunch representative 1 School lunch served to this group. in Indiana] USE OF ESTABLISHED SCHOOL-LUNCH PROGRAMS AS A BASIS FOR COMMUNITY FEEDING STATIONS IN Reference to the above table shows that Commenting on the school-lunch project in EMERGENCIES • Carr Township, Ind., a public-health nurse the control group, which did not serve said: "The most noticeable thing to us about ·How an established school-lunch pro­ lunch either year, had an attendance of this program other than the physical im­ gram can serve in an emergency where ·a about 70 percent for each year. -How­ provement was the mental attitude. large I)Umber of people must be fed, is ever, the survey group, which also had "Our indigent cases have always slipped. off aptly illustrated by the following item approximately ·70-percent attendance in to a corner or eaten their entire lunch from from the Lincoln County

Lawrence Brizendine; with amendment W. Burch and Lucille M. Burch; with amend­ 2654. Also, petition of the Assembly of the (Rept. No. 1973). Referred to the Committee ment (Rept. No. 1991). Referred to the State of New York, to amend the Social of the Whole House. Committee of the Whole House. Security Act; to the Committee on Ways and Mr. GILLETTE: Committee on Claims. S. Mr. McGEHEE: Committee on Claims. H. Means. 1991. An act for the relief of Mrs. William R. 6557. A bill for the relief of James Gil­ 2655. By Mr. CULLEN: Petition of the Meister; without amendment (Rept. No. more and Marion Gilmore; with amendment Legislature of the State of New York, urging 1974). Referred to the Committee of the (Rept. No. 1992). Referred to the Commit­ the Congress to foster legislation providing Whole House. tee of the Whole House. benefits to civilians or dependents who may Mr. COFFEE of washington: Committee on Mr. ·coFFEE of washington: Colr!mittee be injured or killed by reason of enemy ac­ Claims. S. 1993. An act for the relief of on Claims. S. 2002. An act for the relief tion, which benefits shall 'be a charge upon Pasqualina Lazzaro; without amendment of Donald William Burt; with amendment the whole people of the United States; to the (Rept. No. 1975). Referred to the Committee (Rept. No. 1993). Referred to the Committee Committee on Milita:c..y Affairs. of the Whole House. of the Whole House. 2656. Also, petition of the Joint Confer­ Mr. COFFEE of Washington: Committee on ence of Affiliated Postal Employees of Greater Claims. S. 2017. An act to amend Private New York and Vicinity, urging the expedi­ Act No. 446, Seventy-sixth Congress, ap­ PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS tious passage of the Sweeney bill (H. R. 6486) proved July 2, 1940, and for other purposes; by the Congress of the United States; to the without amendment (Rept. No. 1976). Re­ Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. bills and resolutions were introduced and 2657. Also, petition of the Legi_slature of Mr. HARRIS of Arkansas: Committee on severally referred as follows: the State of New York, urging the Congress Claims. S. 2116. An act for the relief of By Mr. CARTWRIGHT: of the United States to amend the Social Franlr S. Mathias and Elsie Mathias; without H. R. 6908. A bill to amend the Defense S~curity Act to provide that all employees amendment (Rept. No. 1977). Referred to Highway Act of 1941; to the Committee on who were formerly covered by the social­ the Committee of the Whole House. Roads. security law. and who heretofore made con­ Mr. WEISS: Committee on Claims. H. R. By Mr. McMILLAN: tributions thereto in the form of employee 2056. A bill for the relief of the L. J. Houze H. R. 6909. A bill to change the name of tax, and who became ineligible through no Convex Glass Co.; with amendment (Rept. No. Woodley Place in the District of Columbia; action or choice on their part, may again 1978). Referred to the Committee of the to the Committee on the District of Co- become eligible under the social-security law Whole House. lumbia. · for social-security benefits upon signifying Mr. WEISS: Committee on Claims. H. R. By Mr. BEITER: their willingness to pay, not only the amount 4251. A bill to confer jurisdiction on the H. R. 6910. A bill to authorize the Federal of employee contributions, but also the Court of Claims to hear and determine the Works :Administration to construct synthetic amount of employer contributions which claim of Mount Vernon, Alexandria & Wash­ rubber production plants having an annual· their present employer would have been re­ ington Railway Co., a corporation; without productive capacity of 400,000 tons and to quired to pay if such employer were covered amendment (Rept. No. 1979). Referred to create th') United States Rubber Authority by the law; to the Committee on Ways and the Committee of the Whole House. to operate such plants; to the Committee on Means. Mr. WEISS: Committee on Claims. H. R. Banking and Currency. 2658. By Mr. CUNNINGHAM: Petition of 4370. A bill for the relief of Charles L. Lair; By Mr. BLOOM: 60 cit_izens of Lacona, Iowa, and vicinity, ad­ with amendment (Rept. No. 1980). Referred H. R. 6911. A ·bill to implement article 28 vocatmg the enactment of Senate bill 860 to the committee of the Whole House. " Of the convention signed at Geneva on July so as to give the young , men of 1942 the Mr. · SAUTHOFF: Committee on Claims. 27, 1929, and proclaimed by the President protection their fathers had in 1917; to the H. R. 4923. A bill for the relief of Georgie on August 4, 1932 (47 Stat. 2074, 2092), by Committee on Military Affairs. Knox and Orion Knox; with amendment making it a criminal offense for any person 2659. By Mr. KEOGH: Petition Of the (Rept. No. 1981). Referred to the Committee to use the emblem and name of the Red Joint Conference of Affiliated Postal Employ­ of the Whole House. ~es of Greater New York and Vicinity, favor­ Mr. SAUTHOFF: Committee on Claims. Cross for commercial or other purposes; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. mg the passage of the Sweeney bill (H. R. H. R. 5070. A bill for the relief of .Francis By Mr. ORA VENS: 6486) ; to the Committee on the ·Post Office Corwin Circle; with amendment (Rept. No. and Post Roads. H. R. 6912. A bill to repeal section 404 of 1982). Referred to the Committee of the 2660. By Mr. MARTIN of Iowa: Petition of Whole House. title 11 of United States Code, 1940 edition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mrs. J. A. Hawthorne, president, Women's Mr. PITTENGER: Committee on · Claims. Christian Temperance Union, and other H. R. 5275. A bill for the relief of Weslie A. By Mr. LUDLOW: citizens of Washington, Iowa, urging the H. R. 6913. A bill to authorize the attend­ Coulter, Sr.; with amendment (Rept. No. passage of Senate bill 860 as a contribution 1&83). Referred to the .Committee of the ance of the Marine Band at the seventy-sixth to a wholesome defense program; to the Whole House. · · anniversary convention of the Grand Army Committee on Military Affairs. Mr. HARRIS of Arkansas: Committee on of the Republic to be held at Indianapolis, 2661. By Mr. TINKHAM: Petition of Claims. H. R. 5317. A bill for the relief of Ind., September 13 to 18, tnclusive, 1942; to sundry residents of Boston, favoring the the Committee on Naval Affairs. Mrs. Jessie A. Beechwood; with amendment Townsend bill (H. R. 1036); to the Com­ (Rept. No. 1984) , Refer~ed to the Committee By Mr. VOORHIS of California: mittee on Ways and Means. of the Whole House. H . R. 6914. A bill to amend section 32 of Mr. KEOGH: Committee on Claims. H. R. Public Act No. 320, Seventy-fourth Congress, 5329. A bill for the relief of J. J . Mcintosh; approved August 24, 1935 (49 Stat. 774), as with amendment (Rept. No. 1985). Referred amended; to the Committee on Agriculture. to the Committee of the Whole House. By Mr. HOBBS: SENATE . Mr. SAUTHOFF: Committee on Claims. H. R. 6915. A bill to invest the Circuit H. R. 5499. A bill for the relief of Henry Court of Appeals of the United States with ·MONDAY, APRIL 13, 1942 Daley, guardian for James Ray Daley and original and exclus:ve jurisdiction to review Norman Franklin Daley; without·amendment the question of the legality of the detention