GeoscientistThe Fellowship magazine of The Geological Society of London | www.geolsoc.org.uk | Volume 23 No 1 | February 2013

society on facebook] [www.facebook.com/geolsoc AGASSIZ’S FISH Appeal nets £10k SOCIETY ELECTIONS Why you should vote early and often

HONG KONG MAPPING Military in World War II

CONTENTS GEOSCIENTIST

IN THIS ISSUE FEBRUARY 2013

FEATURES 16 FISH NET £10K Caroline Lam and Michael McKimm on the Society’s appeal, and matching the Agassiz paintings with the original specimens REGULARS 05 WELCOME Ted Nield on the Society’s democratic deficit danger 06 SOCIETY NEWS What your Society is doing at home and abroad, in London and the regions 10 COVER FEATURE: 09 SOAPBOX Bruce Misstear fears for hydrogeology Ted Rose on the evolution of military taught master’s degrees 20 BOOK & ARTS Four reviews by James Montgomery, mapping in World War II Andrew Southworth, Mike Rosenbaum and Steve Rowlatt 22 PEOPLE Geoscientists in the news and on the move 25 LETTERS We welcome your thoughts 26 OBITUARY Two distinguished Fellows remembered 27 CALENDAR Society activities this month 29 CROSSWORD Win a special publication of your choice ONLINE SPECIALS n THE NEOPROTEROZOIC ERA Evolution, Glaciation, Oxygenation. Catherine Rose reports on the Fermor 16 22 Meeting, September 2012

FEBRUARY 2013 03 04 FEBRUARY 2013 ~ EDITOR’S COMMENT GEOSCIENTIST FAULTED COLUMNAR , HONG KONG GEOPARK Cover image: leungchopan / Shutterstock.com ~

VOTE EARLY, VOTE OFTEN his is a plea. Not a rant, not a puff, but Geoscientist is the T 01727 893 894 Fellowship magazine of F 01727 893 895 a plea. I plead with you to take a few the Geological Society E enquiries@centuryone moments, and vote. of London publishing.ltd.uk W www.centuryone Unusually, because of timetabling The Geological Society, publishing.ltd.uk difficulties, this year’s Council Burlington House, Piccadilly, elections (which include an election for London W1J 0BG ADVERTISING EXECUTIVE T +44 (0)20 7434 9944 Jonathan Knight President-Designate) are opening F +44 (0)20 7439 8975 T 01727 739 193 T‘online first’ (see p.6). The usual full statements E [email protected] E jonathan@centuryone (Not for Editorial) publishing.ltd.uk from all candidates will be printed in the March issue, with which we shall also circulate ye olde Publishing House ART EDITOR The Geological Society Heena Gudka ballottynge papyr. However, all that information is Publishing House, Unit 7, already available on our new website, and all Brassmill Enterprise Centre, DESIGN & PRODUCTION Brassmill Lane, Bath Sarah Astington Fellows are able to vote. BA1 3JN Here at BH, the days are gone when balloting T 01225 445046 PRINTED BY envelopes would be opened in sepulchral reverence F 01225 442836 Century One Publishing Ltd. in a sealed basement room. Nowadays, any postal Library Copyright ballots are simply entered into the online ballot on T +44 (0)20 7432 0999 The Geological Society of F +44 (0)20 7439 3470 London is a Registered Charity, the sender’s behalf – staff performing the mouse- E [email protected] number 210161. clicks we would prefer you to make yourself. (It ISSN (print) 0961-5628 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ISSN (online) 2045-1784 may sound faintly ludicrous that we still do this, but Professor FGS we recognise that not everybody has access to the The Geological Society of London interwebs, and nobody should be disenfranchised, EDITOR accepts no responsibility for the Dr Ted Nield NUJ FGS views expressed in any article in either by their geographical isolation, arthritis or E [email protected] this publication. All views expressed, except where even Luddism.) explicitly stated otherwise, Not so many years ago, I recall, the Society EDITORIAL BOARD represent those of the author, and Dr Sue Bowler FGS not The Geological Society of sometimes found it hard going to scare up enough Mr Steve Branch FGS London. All rights reserved. No Dr Robin Cocks FGS paragraph of this publication may candidates to fill the available positions on Council. Prof. Tony Harris FGS be reproduced, copied or Those days are also, happily, gone; but the Society’s Dr Howard Falcon- transmitted save with written permission. Users registered with efforts to make serving its Board of Trustees more Lang FGS Copyright Clearance Center: the Dr Joe McCall FGS Journal is registered with CCC, attractive, and to increase the diversity of candidates Dr Jonathan Turner FGS 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA to include traditionally under-represented groups Dr Jan Zalasiewicz FGS 01970, USA. 0961- 5628/02/$15.00. (women, ethnic minorities, applied ), will Trustees of the Geological Every effort has been made to be brought to nought if a wider section of the Society of London trace copyright holders of material in this publication. If any Fellowship does not actually then turn out and vote. Mr D T Shilston (President); rights have been omitted, the Mrs N K Ala; Dr M G publishers offer their apologies. Governments know well that pensioners are the Armitage; Miss S Brough; Professor R A Butler; No responsibility is assumed by most diligent voters. But while no-one would deny Professor N A Chapman; the Publisher for any injury and/or pensioners their say, we would not wish to subject damage to persons or property as Mr D J Cragg; Professor J a matter of products liability, ourselves to a government of pensioners by Francis (Secretary, Science) negligence or otherwise, or from Professor A J Fraser; any use or operation of any pensioners for pensioners. Analysis of the Society’s Dr S A Gibson; Mrs M P methods, products, instructions voting pattern suggests that its more diligent voters Henton (Secretary, or ideas contained in the material Professional Matters); herein. Although all advertising tend not only to be older, but by inclination, more Dr R A Hughes; Mr D A material is expected to conform to academic - and male. Indeed, when I last looked at Jones; Dr A Law (Treasurer), ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does any voting statistics, I felt I might be forgiven for Professor R J Lisle; not constitute a guarantee or Professor A R Lord endorsement of the quality or thinking we were a Gentlemen’s Society of London (Secretary, Foreign & value of such product or of the External Affairs); Mr P claims made by its manufacturer. for the History of . As people, we Maliphant (Vice president); tend, alas, to vote for other people most like Subscriptions: All Dr B R Marker OBE; correspondence relating to non- ourselves. Thus the cause of diversity is only served Professor S B Marriott (Vice member subscriptions should be president); Dr G Nichols; addresses to the Journals when suffrage truly is universal. Dr C P Summerhayes Subscription Department, Participation in Society plebiscites has never (Vice president); Professor J Geological Society Publishing H Tellam; Dr J P Turner House, Unit 7 Brassmill Enterprise much exceeded a fairly miserable (though by the Centre, Brassmill Lane, Bath, BA1 (Secretary, Publications) 3JN, UK. Tel: 01225 445046. Fax: standards of other learned societies or Mutual 01225 442836. Email: Building Societies, a rather respectable) 10%. Published on behalf of the [email protected]. The Geological Society of London subscription price for Volume 22, We can do better than this. It has never been by 2012 (11 issues) to institutions easier, or cheaper! Century One Publishing and non-members is £108 (UK) Alban Row, 27–31 Verulam or £124 / US$247 (Rest of World). Do it now. Vote for Mickey with your mouse. Road, St Albans, Herts, © 2013 The Geological Society AL3 4DG of London DR TED NIELD EDITOR

FEBRUARY 2013 05 GEOSCIENTIST SOCIETY NEWS SOCIETYNEWS EGU GENERAL ASSEMBLY 2013 Elections to Council 2013-2014

The October issue of Geoscientist invited Fellows to nominate new members of Council, including the President-designate. A preliminary ballot will be conducted, the results of which will determine the list for the formal vote at the Annual General Meeting, to be held on 5 June 2013. By the time you receive this issue, full details of all the candidates will be available on the Society’s website at www.geolsoc.org.uk/vote2013, where you will also be able to vote. (It was not possible to include this information with this issue because the copy deadline was before the closing date for nominations.) Austria Center Vienna The March issue will include full details, including a postal ballot paper; but Fellows are encouraged to vote online by logging onto the Fellows-only part of the website to register their vote. Please follow the instructions. The European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013 takes place in Vienna from 7-12 April and will Closing date for voting, online and postal, is 31 March 2013. be attended by the Publishing House. We will be at booth #59, displaying a range of new and recent geoscience publications at 30% off list price, plus competitions, giveaways, journals and much more. Visit www.egu2013.eu. The Geological Society Club The Geological Society Club, successor to the body that gave birth to the Society in 1807, meets monthly (except over the field season!) at 18.30 for 19.00 in the Start the CLOCKSS Athenaeum Club, Pall Mall. Once a year there is also a special dinner at Burlington House. New diners are always welcome, especially from among The Geological Society Publishing House has partnered younger Fellows. Dinner costs £55 for a four-course meal, including coffee and with CLOCKSS to ensure that all 26,000 articles port. (The Founders' Dinner, in November, has its own price structure.) There is available on the Lyell Collection are stored safely and a cash bar for the purchase of aperitifs and wine. securely online. CLOCKSS (‘Controlled Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe’) is a not-for-profit venture between the n 2013: 20 February; 13 March; 10 April (Burlington House); 15 May. world’s leading scholarly publishers and research libraries whose mission is to build a sustainable archive Fellows of the Society wishing to dine should send cheques, payable to ‘Geological Society of scholarly publication for the benefit of the global Club’, to: Cally Oldershaw, c/o Shashu Lalji, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History research community. Read more about this online. Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD. E: [email protected] DR

n DOCUMENT DELIVERY n POSTAL LOANS Online First for Journals Don't forget that the Geological We use Royal Mail's Special Delivery Online First, the Society’s publish-ahead-of-print Society Library can usually supply to send all loans to borrowers, in feature, is being rolled out for our journal publications photocopies more cheaply than order to guarantee next-day delivery from January 2013. The process has been welcomed other providers e.g. British Library & and more particularly, so that the by Lyell Collection users and has many benefits for the publishers. Remember - our packages are insured in case of loss. authors and researchers. New journal volumes from journals have been bought with your Many books are now very expensive January 2013 will adopt this approach. Visit money, and are here to be used! and if lost are difficult to replace. www.lyellcollection.org. Read more about this online. Please will borrowers ensure that n PICK OF THE CROP all loans are returned to the Library To see what other books, maps & by this means, or by a reputable serials the Library has acquired, why courier who can guarantee the FUTURE MEETINGS not register to receive a copy of same protection. Dates for meetings of Council and Recent additions to the Geological Ordinary General Meetings until June Society Library, either by post or n WIFI ACCESS 2013 shall be as follows: email? Contact Wendy Cawthorne WiFi (wireless fidelity) access to the n 2013: 6 February (1500) on wendy.cawthorne@ Internet is now available to all readers n 2013: 16 April geolsoc.org.uk . visiting the Library.

06 FEBRUARY 2013 SOCIETY NEWS GEOSCIENTIST

FROM THE LIBRARY [lectures The library is open to visitors ] Monday-Friday 0930-1730. For a list of new acquisitions click the Shell London appropriate link from Lecture Series http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/info Rare book of the month!

Geology by Arthur R. on this fantasy Dwerryhouse. 1919 [?] expedition sheltering “It is very strange, but from storms with a nevertheless true, that Troglodyte, most people are content conducting various to go on living in this experiments, world without attempting gathering samples, to find out anything about and having humorous the world itself.” So begins run-ins with local Arthur Dwerryhouse’s bureaucracy. Landslides and Subsidence: Geology, part of the The conceit is Romance of Reality series wonderfully in an Age of titles published in the maintained by of Austerity 1910s and 20s under the Dwerryhouse, and David Shilston editorship of Ellison Hawks. The series the book is a thorough and expert President, Geological Society covered different aspects of science introduction to geology from an 27 February 2013 and technology, and was “ostensibly experienced academic who is clearly written for adults, but some were enjoying letting his hair down. It is pitched more at the level of the unclear how popular the book was Subsidence of buildings, the collapse of old mine teenage reader.”1 when first published, but it remained in workings, the movement of landslides, and other Dwerryhouse (1867-1931) was well- print for many years and has recently problems in the ground can affect us all, as known for his research into glaciation been made available to new readers as householders and as users of our complex national in northern England and Ireland, and print-on-demand (with a striking new infrastructure that is built on or in the ground. David this book contains a thorough chapter cover) from Lightning Source UK. Shilston’s lecture will take a broad overview of these on ‘Glacier Action’, as well as covering References: 1. Peter J. Bowler Science ground problems within the UK and internationally. all the basics of the science, from for All: The Popularization of Science in David Shilston has some 35 years’ experience of civil lead and gold mining to volcanoes Early Twentieth-Century (University of engineering and geological projects in the UK and and hot springs. Chicago Press, 2009) p126 many countries overseas. David is the first engineering Given the author’s opening to have been elected President of the statement, the irony of Dwerryhouse’s The Library operates a sponsorship Geological Society of London. book is that it distils this geological scheme to help preserve and restore its knowledge via an imaginary field trip rare books. For more information, n Programme – Afternoon talk: 1430 Tea & Coffee: through the mythical country of contact Michael McKimm in the 1500 Lecture begins: 1600 Event ends. ‘Geologica’, taking in the towns of Lyell library, or see the Sponsor A Book page n Programme – Evening talk: 1730 Tea & Coffee: and Smithfield via the Hutton River. on the Society’s website: 1800 Lecture begins: 1900 Reception. There are accounts of the geologists www.geolsoc.org.uk/sponsorabook FURTHER INFORMATION Please visit www.geolsoc.org.uk/shelllondon lectures13. Entry to each lecture is by ticket only. Journals cancelled To obtain a ticket please contact the Society around four weeks before the talk. Due to the popularity of this In line with the 2010 Library n would be received on exchange in lecture series, tickets are allocated in a monthly ballot Review’s recommendations, Council the future and cannot be guaranteed. has agreed to reduce Library costs n received fewer than three uses by a further £35k in 2013, writes per year Contact: Naomi Newbold, The Geological Society, Burlington Fabienne Michaud. n are free online House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BG, T: +44 (0) 20 7432 0981 The savings will be achieved through n the relevant specialist group indicated E: [email protected] a combination of income generation it did not wish to retain. and reduced expenditure. In order to The candidate journals were reviewed achieve this, the Library identified 26 by Council and their cancellation journals for cancellation which: approved in November 2012. For a n were duplicate subscriptions full list, please see www.geolsoc.org. n would be gifted in future uk/libraryreview.

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Water, but not on the brain

WRITTEN BY BRUCE MISSTEAR Hydrogeology taught master’s courses are under threat, says Bruce Misstear*

SOAPBOX CALLING! For the past 40 years, taught master’s of a courses in hydrogeology have played a course, Soapbox is open to vital role in the education of UK and contributions from all Fellows. hydrogeologists, providing much of the hence You can always write a letter to groundwater expertise for the Environment served as a the Editor, of course: but Agency, water companies, consultants, recommendation perhaps you feel you need contractors, universities and research to other potential more space? institutes. The taught master’s students. Thus, loss programmes have also educated many of funding has far-reaching If you can write it entertainingly in hydrogeologists from outside the UK implications for the viability of a course. 500 words, the Editor would like (including myself) and are held in high to hear from you. regard internationally – with all of the UNCERTAIN associated benefits to ‘UK plc’. Yet the The uncertain future for these courses is Email your piece, and a self- future of the taught master’s courses exacerbated by the increasing numbers of portrait, to ted.nield@geolsoc. is uncertain. master’s-level ‘add-on’ primary degree org.uk. Copy can only be courses (partly stimulated by the accepted electronically. No NERC requirements of the Bologna Declaration, a diagrams, tables or other The first taught hydrogeology master’s 3+2-year two-cycle master’s being the norm illustrations please. course in UK was introduced in UCL in the in continental Europe, or 3+1-year MSci 1960s, but closed down in 2001. In the past programme in UK) and also by the Pictures should be of print 20 years, hydrogeology master’s significant fees charged for primary quality – as a rule of thumb, programmes have come and gone at degrees. Graduates are naturally more anything over a few hundred Reading, East Anglia, Leeds and Cardiff reluctant and less able to self-fund kilobytes should do. universities. Still running are the further education.

hydrogeology master’s course at If we reach the point where insufficient Precedence will always be given Birmingham (which started in the early hydrogeologists are graduating with high- to more topical contributions.

1970s), together with the more recent quality master’s qualifications to supply the Any one contributor may not hydrogeology course at Strathclyde, the job market, the implications for the appear more often than once per MSc in Contaminant Hydrogeology at profession will be serious. Hydrogeological volume (once~ every 12 months). Sheffield and an Applied Hydrogeology tasks, in government agencies and master’s in Newcastle. consultancies, may then increasingly be The UK Natural Environment Research carried out by unqualified staff, resulting in IF WE REACH Council (NERC), which previously funded poor quality work. We may see a a number of hydrogeology studentships, continuation of a modern trend whereby THE POINT WHERE has withdrawn its support for such field-data collection and drilling are not INSUFFICIENT master’s courses, and currently gives properly prioritised, or supervised, HYDROGEOLOGISTS priority to funding of doctoral students. with greater reliance being placed on While funding of research students is desk-bound studies, including the ARE GRADUATING clearly important, there is also a need to application - or misapplication - of WITH HIGH-QUALITY support applied taught master’s hydrogeological software. programmes that produce well-rounded We cannot rely on market forces alone to MASTER’S hydrogeologists with a broad skill-set in support taught master’s programmes, as QUALIFICATIONS TO hydrogeology. The loss of funded the industry is too fragmented. SUPPLY THE JOB studentships for taught master’s degrees Government backing is essential to ensure means that even the long-established and the future of high quality hydrogeology MARKET, THE highly-regarded Birmingham course could education in this country. IMPLICATIONS FOR be vulnerable in the future. Aside from the THE PROFESSION importance of funding per se, the award of * Bruce Misstear Hydrogeologist and Associate studentships was an indicator of the status Professor, Trinity College Dublin WILL BE SERIOUS Bruce Misstear ~

FEBRUARY 2013 09 Image: Lee Yiu Tung / Shutterstock

GEOSCIENTIST FEATURE

e have already seen of British and Canadian plus local (Geoscientist 22.3, April defence forces was finally overwhelmed 2012) how, in WW1, on 25 December, and Hong Kong was to groundwater and be under Japanese occupation for nearly engineering geology four years. However, as the tide of war maps compiled for the changed in the Far East, the WWestern Front in Europe helped pioneer began to formulate plans to return. militarily applied geology in the British Army. WW2 however was a more THEMATIC MAPS mobile conflict, fought over a greater To guide British military planning in the range of terrain and stimulated later years of World War II, thematic geologists to compile new types of map maps and reports were compiled for military use. Such maps were remotely in the UK for many areas of generated in the USA by the Military potential military operations. Geology Unit of the US Geological Compilation was by the ISTD: the Inter- Survey, for many parts of the world1. Service Topographical Department3,4. Other maps were generated in the UK Founded in London in May 1940 as part for the Allied liberation of Normandy2, of the [Royal] Naval Intelligence and operations elsewhere in Europe and Division, the unit transferred to Oxford the Far East3,4. Maps of Hong Kong, in October 1940, and in October 1941 preserved in London in the libraries of became ISTD with a role to provide the Geological and Royal Geographical topographical intelligence for the British societies conveniently illustrate two of armed forces as a whole. It was to the major types of this innovative expand by the end of the war to an mapping, at an unusually detailed scale. organisation of about 300: over 700 Hong Kong lies on the southern coast including regional branches and of China. A rugged terrain of fiords, specialist sections. islands and mountains, it comprised The nucleus of a Geological Section about 1000 km2 in total land area before was created in November 1943. This major reclamation projects. Restored to comprised two geologists, both recently Chinese sovereignty on 1 July 1997 as the granted ‘emergency’ commissions as Hong Kong Special Administrative officers in the Royal Engineers (RE) and Region, components of the territory had (on appointment to ISTD) ‘acting been ceded or leased to the UK from captain’ status because of their age and 1842 onwards. By WW2, it had been professional standing. progressively developed as a British One was ‘Tom’ Phemister (1902-1982), naval base and fortified against an alumnus of the universities of southerly seaborne attack. However, Glasgow (BSc) and Chicago (MSc), had early on 8 December 1941, the day after been a research student at Cambridge Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, until appointed Associate Professor of Japanese forces in China attacked from Geology and at the

the north, by air and land. The garrison University of British Columbia in ▼ WARTIME GEOTECHNICAL MAPS Applied geology and airfield construction suitability maps compiled remotely for Hong Kong in WW2 illustrate techniques pioneered by military geologists, says Ted Rose* On the southern coast of China, Hong Kong presents a rugged terrain. (Hong Kong Global Geopark, Sai Kung District, .) Photograph courtesy: Dr Albert Ludford

GEOSCIENTIST FEATURE

The Geological Section ISTD, March 1945 behind the ISTD ▼ Vancouver, Canada, in 1926. He returned huts near to the UK in 1933, to a demonstratorship Mansfield at Cambridge prior to promotion in 1937 College, Oxford. Most geologists as Professor and Head of the Department appointed or of Geology and Mineralogy at the attached to the University of Aberdeen. In 1943 he was Section came from the Royal (after earlier refusal) eventually accepted Engineers as a volunteer for military service – and (For details regarding the selected for assignment to ISTD while sitters’ names serving at the RE Survey Training Centre. please see The other was ‘Jack’ Farrington (1906- online) mg cuts:Lbay elgclSceyo odnReproduced by permission of the Royal Geographical Society Library Image courtesy: Library, Geological Society of London 1982), born in Sydney, Australia, to English parents, who had graduated from the University of British Columbia as a Bachelor of Applied Science in May 1928 – having been taught by Phemister. After graduation, he became a field and mining geologist in sub-Saharan Africa. ‘ of Hong He too had to wait for changed Kong,’ original admission criteria (in his case, poor scale 1:84,480, eyesight) before acceptance for military by R W Brock. S J Schofield, M Y service; but at the end of 1942, he too was Williams and W posted to the RE Survey Training Centre L Uglow of the University of - before assignment to a Corps Field British Survey Company RE. He returned to the Columbia, Training Centre for more specializsed Canada, printed 1936 by the courses from 18 July to 12 October 1943, Ordnance and was thereafter assigned to ISTD. Survey, Southampton, on 1932 revision LEADERSHIP of GSGS 1393 as Appointed to work separately, the two a topographical quickly arranged to work together, base map forming the leadership of a group that in September 1944 was formally established as a ‘Geological Section’ (including soil scientists as well as geologists), comprising an RE major plus three captains. Phemister had been released from the Army back to his university role in August 1944, so Farrington was duly promoted Major and Section leader. To ease pressure of work, the Section was progressively enlarged with geoscientists and engineers from other units. The number of ISTD ‘geologists’ actually working together rose to a peak of 12 by the end of the war in August 1945 - before the Section was reduced in strength and finally, in June 1946, disbanded. By that time 19 ‘geologists’ in total had served within it, including three Americans, one Canadian, and (very briefly) Dutch sedimentologist Philip Henry Kuenen. Simplified MAP WORK geological map In 1944 and 1945, the Section contributed of Hong Kong, original at scale to 10 major reports and 14 ‘special tasks’ of 1:80,000, for Europe, and 21 reports and 17 tasks prepared by for the Far East - all illustrated by at least ISTD geologists in 1944 for one specialist geotechnical map. report BR The earliest reports included 1208D(2) issued January 1945 published geological maps (e.g. a Inset: Key to 1:756,720 geological map of Malaya), categories

12 FEBRUARY 2013 orey colo esine,Uiest fAede Image © University of British Columbia Courtesy: School of Geosciences, University Aberdeen

FEATURE GEOSCIENTIST

reprinted for the War Office by the Geographical Society library), but several Geographical Section, General Staff copies of the 1:250,000 maps are (GSGS). Later reports, dealing with preserved in London, notably in the Professor T C countries for which no suitable geological British Library and the libraries of both Phemister, map existed (typical in the Far East), the Geological and the Royal founder of the included new maps hastily compiled Geographical societies. Geological Section ISTD in from published and oil-company sources. Maps at both scales group rocks by World War II. Uniquely, Hong Kong had a geological use of three principal colours, with Postwar map already printed in GSGS style. colour intensity varied so as to increase photograph, from Rose & Since the territory was small, this was at to five the main units depicted: Clatworthy (2008) the scale of 1:84,480 (3/4 inch: 1 mile) – n pale yellow (surface deposits: Recent) unusually detailed for the Far East at n deep yellow (younger sedimentary that time. deposits: Tertiary) Geological investigation had begun n pale red (younger igneous rocks: early in the period of British Tertiary) administration, but this first geological n green/blue (older sedimentary map was printed only in 1936. Files WO deposits: Palaeozoic and ) 181 and CO 129/576/3 in the UK’s n deep red (older igneous and National Archives at Kew record the metamorphic rocks: mostly Mesozoic). background. On advice from the British Geological Survey and the Colonial The coloured ‘rock groups’ are Office, London, the Hong Kong subdivided by shading or overprint to Professor R W Government asked the Geology differentiate a larger number of Brock (1874- 1939), who Department in the University of British categories: 10 in the key to the 1:80,000 enlisted in the Columbia, at Vancouver in Canada, to map, 18 on the 1:250,000 map. An 72nd Seaforth undertake a geological survey. The extensive key to the maps tabulates data Highlanders of Vancouver, University then provided four geologists for each of these categories in six Canada, on the (R W Brock, S J Schofield, M Y Williams principal columns: rock types, rock outbreak of World and W L Uglow) to map the territory5. characteristics (3 sub-columns: structure, War I, and later served in The final map, a geological overprint on properties fresh, weathered), terrain, Palestine in the the GSGS 1393 topographical base map, soils, underground water, and rank of major was printed by the Ordnance Survey at construction materials. For the 1:80,000 Southampton – like geological maps for map, a final column provides notes on the Western Front in World War I – and undifferentiated rock groups, reliability, a version with a reference grid and sources. superimposed received by GSGS in January 1945 brought completion of July 1936. report BR 1208D2 to accompany the The map showed that Hong Kong was maps. The report notes specifically that clearly an area of predominantly the ‘large scale [1:80,000] geological map extrusive volcanics, intruded by ... is reproduced from the map by the an extensive complex of ; its Government of Hong Kong Colony, bedrock partly covered with a deeply slightly modified so as to conform to the weathered regolith or (in the valleys) system of rock groups on plan 55 [the Quaternary alluvium. However, during 1:250,000 map], and transferred to a more 1944 it had become apparent that such recent topographic base’. ‘Local maps were of little military use without stratigraphical names of formations have an interpretation readily intelligible to been avoided as much as possible [on the non-geologists. maps], but have been supplied in the stratigraphical table in Appendix B [of APPLIED GEOLOGY the report]’. Following the precedents of WW1, one of the ISTD geologists’ tasks was to generate GO, NO GO, SLOW GO geological maps in which technical data The report was generated remotely, were reduced to a minimum and the based on the existing information military significance of geological available in the UK. Publication of a features was made clear. monograph to accompany the 1936 In 1944, ISTD geologists generated geological map had been delayed by the two such maps for Hong Kong, adopting deaths of Uglow in 1926 and Brock in military metric scales: a single sheet at 1935, and its first draft was lost in scale of 1:80,000, and two sheets, wartime Hong Kong. Associated including part of nearby China, at publications did not begin to 1:250,000. Examples of the 1:80,000 maps appear until late in the war, the first are now elusive (one copy is preserved in by Williams in 1943, the second

ISTD report BR 1208D(2) in the Royal (including contributions by Phemister ▼

FEBRUARY 2013 13 GEOSCIENTIST FEATURE

6

▼ and, posthumously, by Brock) in 1945 . region at 1:250,000 were thus larger in Use of only a few colours made it scale than these earlier maps: consistent easier for non-geologists to appreciate with 1:250,000 Hong Kong maps key features ‘at a glance’: red, green/blue prepared by other ISTD sections, for and yellow tints gave an initial roads and waterways, and main impression of ‘go’, ‘slow go’ and ‘no go’ telecommunications. Part of areas for usages specified in the key’s Notes beneath the two final columns geological map columns. Thus for ‘construction of the key: ‘may be inundated in wet of Hong Kong and Canton, materials’, areas coloured yellow were season, largely dried out in dry season’ south sheet (of ‘no go’ for sources of good roadstone but and ‘water table above or very near the two), original at scale of potentially ‘go’ for sands or clays; red surface all the year round’ take account 1:250,000 (GSGS areas were in contrast ‘go’ for quarrying of criticism that the earlier maps did not Miscellaneous good road aggregate; and green/blue indicate sufficiently clearly the map 192A), compiled and areas were likely to yield rocks of more importance of seasonal rainfall to airfield simplified by variable properties, so ‘slow go’. Use of construction. Later maps (for Siam and ISTD geologists few colours also made the maps cheaper Indo-China at 1:1 million, and for the in 1944 and easier to print. Chinese island of Hainan and for Java at Such maps showing ground 1:500,000) distinguish 15 rather than 12 characteristics of categories: the ‘waterlogged’ column significance were compiled by ISTD being divided into two – seasonally geologists for several areas of the Far waterlogged (pale blue) and East: Sumatra, Indo-China, the Kra permanently waterlogged (dark blue). Isthmus of Burma (now Myanmar) and None of these maps was intended to Siam (now Thailand), Siam, and Java in indicate specific sites for potential similar coloured style, Borneo and airfields. Rather, their purpose was to Formosa in monochrome. However, all give planners an overall appreciation of were at much smaller scale, most of them possibilities for rapid construction, and at 1:1 million. The Hong Kong maps to indicate the most likely areas for were the most detailed maps of this type future ground reconnaissance. Postwar printed for wartime Allied use – criticisms held that the maps, being of precursors of ‘terrain engineering small scale, were inadequate except for characteristics’ maps developed for the broadest generalisations, and that military use in other countries postwar. users tended to expect too much from them – probably because they were, in AIRFIELDS many cases, the only source of A map showing ‘suitability of country for engineering information available. rapid construction of airfields’ was included in the 1945 report. A grey POSTWAR MAPPING quarry topographical base map was overprinted Allied military operations focused (at Anderson in only two colours. Blue indicated the primarily on Burma, Indonesia and the Road), photographed permeability of ground, red its flatness – Philippines, and Hong Kong remained in about 1977 following the precedent set in 1943 by a Japanese hands until the war in the map for NW France (Geoscientist 22.3, Far East ended on 14 August 1945. April 2012). Printed Terrain assessments by the British together these were shaded to define 12 categories of terrain, of which areas left blank were the most suitable for rapid construction of airfields, those in dense Part of map of Hong Kong and purple the most Canton showing unsuitable. suitability of Maps of similar style country for the rapid had been printed in construction of 1944, first for Malaya at airfields, south 1:380,160, then sheet, original at scale of Sumatra, at 1:750,000, 1:250,000 and for the Kra (GSGS Miscellaneous Isthmus of map 192B), Burma/Siam, at prepared by 1:1,000,000. The ISTD geologists in 1944 partly maps for the Hong on the basis of Kong – Canton geological data British Commonwealth war graves, Hong Kong; photographed about 1977 14 FEBRUARY 2013 Courtesy: Library, Geological Society of London

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military geologists were never put to unknown to both historians and operational test. geoscientists: work that was initially After British troops and ‘secret’, but may now be put in the administration returned to Hong Kong, public domain. The mapping techniques local civilian studies, notably by S G illustrated here were to prove their Davis and later B P Ruxton, value in combat areas far distant from demonstrated the need for a new survey. Hong Kong. n Carried out between January 1967 and March 1969 by geologists seconded from * Ted Rose Honorary Research Fellow in Earth the UK Institute of Geological Sciences Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London (as BGS was then known), this generated [email protected] a new geological map at 1:50,000, contained within a substantial report7: the standard work of reference for the REFERENCES next decade, as major urban development rapidly gathered pace. 1 Nelson, C M & Rose, E P F 2012 The US Also postwar, the British Army Geological Survey’s Military Geology Unit in World War II: ‘the Army’s pet prophets’ disbanded ISTD and its Geological Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology Section. From 1947 geological expertise and Hydrogeology, 45, in press (for August). was provided by a few officers appointed 2 Rose, E P F , Clatworthy, J C & to serve in the reserve army, in the Nathanail, C P 2006 Specialist maps ‘Geologists Pool’ (1967-1987, re- prepared by British military geologists for the constituted as the ‘Engineer Specialist D-Day landings and operations in Normandy, 1944 The Cartographic Journal, Pool’) of the Royal Engineers. These 43, 117-143. geologists were used to support military 3 Rose, E P F & Clatworthy, J C 2007 or civilian communities by brief Specialist maps of the Geological Section, assignments in many countries8. Some Inter-Service Topographical Department: were used on Hong Kong to assess aids to British military planning during World potential new well-sites for groundwater War II The Cartographic Journal, 44, 13-43. abstraction and aspects of quarrying, and 4 Rose, E P F & Clatworthy, J C 2008 to assist with studies of slope stability. Terrain evaluation for Allied military operations in Europe and the Far East Deemed to have acquired sufficient local during World War II: ‘secret’ British reports and general experience to be useful, yet and specialist maps generated by the to be free of any potential commercial Geological Section, Inter-Service interest, Specialist Pool geologists were Topographical Hydrogeology, 41, 237-256 (discussion: 42, 133-136, 389-392). invited in 1981 by the Geotechnical Control Office of the Hong Kong 5 Ruxton, B P 1957 The work of the Canadian team of geologists in Hong Kong Government to review the need for a Far Eastern Economic Revue, 22, 195-197. new geological map and survey. With 6 Williams, M Y, Brock, R W , Schofield, the foundation, as recommended in their S J & Phemister, T C 1945 The report9, of a Hong Kong Government physiology and igneous geology of Hong

Courtesy: Library, Geological Society of London geological survey unit, British military Kong and the New Territories Transactions geological association with the region of the Royal Society of Canada, 39, 91-119. came finally to an end. 7 Allen, P M & Stephens, E A 1971 Report on the geological survey of Hong Kong HONG KONG SURVEY 1967-1969 Government Printer, Hong Kong. Effectively founded in 1982, the Hong 8 Rose, E P F & Hughes, N F 1993 Sapper Kong Geological Survey has generated Geology: Part 3 Engineer Specialist Pool an extensive revision of the geology of geologists Royal Engineers Journal, 107, Hong Kong10, 11 accompanied by a range 306-316. of new maps. Moreover, a thriving 9 Rose, E P F, Cocks, L R M & Peace, Regional Group of the Geological Society G A P 1981 Report on the feasibility of a of London now addresses the new geological survey and map of Hong Kong, and the New Territories professional and learned needs of Hong Unpublished report, Central Volunteer Kong geologists Headquarters Royal Engineers, Minley (www.geolsoc.org.uk/hkrg). Manor, Surrey, UK. Long-obsolete military associations 10Fyfe, J A, Shaw, R, Campbell, S D G , Lai, with local geology are thus now but K W & Kirk, P A 2000 The Quaternary minor footnotes to a rapidly increasing geology of Hong Kong Hong Kong Geological Survey, Hong Kong. and impressive history of published research, both ‘pure’ and ‘applied’. 11Sewell, R J, Campbell, S D G, Fletcher, C J N, Lai, K W & Kirk, P A 2000 The pre- However, they serve to illustrate a Quaternary geology of Hong Kong Hong wartime phase in the history of Kong Geological Survey, Hong Kong. engineering geology that is largely

FEBRUARY 2013 15

FOSSIL FISH AGASSIZ’S

Image: [Public domain] via Wikimedia Commons FEATURE GEOSCIENTIST

The Society’s appeal to conserve and digitise the Louis Agassiz fossil fish portfolio has raised over £10,000. Caroline Lam and Michael McKimm report

s all avid Geoscientist Neuchâtel, in promotion of his Egerton (1806-1881) offered to Left: Louis readers will know, in work on the ‘General History of Agassiz, 1860s defray Agassiz’s costs by having 2011 (Geoscientist Fossil Fishes’. specimens from their fossil 21.07 August) the As well as placing his Below: Sir Philip de cabinets drawn by Dinkel at their Malpas Grey Society’s Library and confidence in Agassiz’s Egerton, 1850s own expense – the drawings Archive launched a qualifications and competency to becoming their property, once fundraisingA project to conserve complete the important Agassiz had had them copied onto and digitise one of its most geological work, Greenough lithographic stones. important collections – the fossil publicised the Swiss naturalist’s A large proportion of the fish portfolio of the Swiss request for more specimens: surviving specimens at the NHM naturalist Louis Agassiz (1807– “I cannot better close the that tally with the Agassiz 1873). Thanks to the generosity of announcement of a testimony of drawings come from the Fellows and Friends of the Society, approbation which I trust will be collections of Enniskillen and as well as many members of the gratifying to his feelings, than by Egerton, which the Museum public, by the end of 2012 the requesting the Fellows of the acquired in 1882. The two men, appeal has raised over £10,000. Geological Society to aid the who were lifelong friends and The Society’s collection progress of this important work, Fellows of the Society, had been comprises more than 2000 by giving or lending to its author inspired to collect fossil fish after watercolours and drawings of any drawings and specimens of becoming acquainted with Agassiz fossil fish specimens taken from fossil fishes which they may during a trip to Neuchâtel around private and public collections either possess or obtain.” 1830. Although each man kept his around Europe in the 1830s–40s. Later in 1834, the Society laid own, distinct fossil cabinet, they In recent months, Society archivist aside a room in its apartments would share acquisitions - Caroline Lam has been (then at Somerset House) for frequently tossing a coin to see collaborating with curators and Agassiz’s principal artist, the who would get which half of a volunteers at the Natural History Austrian-born Joseph Dinkel prized specimen. Museum to match up our (c.1806-1891), to copy the drawings with some of the specimens that were sent. Dinkel ACQUISITION original specimens, now held in initially split his time between From the beginning of the project, row upon row of metal cabinets in the Society and the British Agassiz had suffered acute the Department of Palaeontology Museum, drawing specimens financial problems, principally due on Cromwell Road. such as the Lower Jurassic fish to the expense of employing a In these labyrinthine rooms, Dapedius colei Agassiz. number of full-time artists and Caroline and Senior Library For the next decade, Agassiz lithographers to complete his Assistant Michael McKimm were continued to travel around the various works and enterprises. treated to a rare glimpse of these palaeontological collections of Having already been forced to sell important , ranging from Britain and Europe seeking out his entire natural history collection metre-long sharks to boxes new specimens for his work. to the Neuchâtel district crammed with tiny teeth. The Those that were not sent to the authorities, by the late 1830s the chance to compare the original holding centre of the Society or only things of value Agassiz had specimens with the drawings has his publishing base at left were the original drawings of created the opportunity to gain a Neuchâtel, the fossil fish. further understanding about the Switzerland, were Egerton had at first offered the circumstances in which Agassiz’s drawn in situ by drawings to the British Museum seminal texts Recherches sur les one of Agassiz’s on Agassiz’s behalf, but when this Poissons Fossiles (1833-1843) and commissioned was unsuccessful, he persuaded its follow-up work Monographie artists. Wealthy his wealthy elder brother Lord des Poissons Fossiles du Vieux Grès collectors such Francis Egerton (1800-1857), later Rouge (1844-1845) were created. as Lord the Earl of Ellesmere, to purchase William the lot for £500, on the WOLLASTON Willoughby understanding that once Agassiz , in his Cole (1807- had made use of them, they would Presidential address of 21 1886), later the then be donated to the Geological February 1834, announced that Earl of Society. This first batch of around the Wollaston Fund [totalling £32 Enniskillen, and 450 sheets of drawings arrived in 10s 4d] for that year was to be Sir Philip de 1843. In 1858 Agassiz gave the

awarded to “Mr Agassiz of Malpas Grey Society a further 568 sheets of ▼

FEBRUARY 2013 17 Dapedius colei, Agassiz Watercolour by Joseph Dinkel, drawn c.1834-1835. British Museum collection

Dapedius colei, Natural History Museum. Found in the Lower Lias at Lyme Regis. Original British Museum collection

Far left: Diplacanthus striatulus, Agassiz Watercolour by Joseph Dinkel, drawn c.1840- 1844. From the collection of Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton

Left: Diplacanthus striatulus Natural History Museum. From Lethen Bar, Nairnshire. Egerton collection, purchased in 1882 FEATURE GEOSCIENTIST

▼ unpublished drawings to join the supporting matrix appears to have Below: Cephalaspis and Gideon Mantell are now held others, and finally in 1876 the Earl been of secondary value, so Lyelli, Agassiz by the Natural History Museum, of Enniskillen presented the 135 accuracy in this respect was not Watercolour by the fate of other collections that Joseph Dinkel, sheets of drawings made by important. Indeed it was not drawn c.1836-1837. provided specimens for Agassiz’s Dinkel and others at his and uncommon for the surrounding From the collection work has been mixed. For Egerton’s expense to complete rock shown in a drawing to be of instance, the Geological Society’s the collection. trimmed or removed entirely for Cephalaspis Lyelli, own Museum collection was split the final lithographed version, Agassiz up in 1911, and the French DRAWING VS FOSSIL Natural History generally to fit more neatly onto Museum. Found in palaeontologist Eugenè Eudes- A number of clear differences a page. Glamis, Forfarshire. Deslongchamps’ (1830-1889) emerge between the drawings and Nevertheless, there are more Presented to the collection was destroyed Museum by Sir the fossils as they are now. Slavish obvious reasons for differences Charles Lyell in 1846 during WW2. copying, or what would today be between the supporting rock in Even Enniskillen’s collection referred to as photo-realism, was the drawings and the fossil William Willoughby did not escape unscathed. On its Cole, 3rd Earl not the aim of the illustrative specimens. Fossils are frequently of Enniskillen way to the soon-to-be-opened work. Rather the intention was to removed from their matrix for (1865-1877) Natural History Museum in show each fossil fish from a more detailed scientific study. In December 1882, thieves broke into scientific, structural point of view. the case of the Early the packing crates at Crewe Frequent handling has taken its specimen Cephalaspis Lyelli railway station. The miscreants, toll on some specimens such as the Agassiz, parts of the rock have disappointed by what they found, Dapedius cole Agassiz. Since been mechanically chipped away. threw some of the collection into Dinkel drew the original specimen The NHM curator Arthur Smith the River Dee. in the mid 1830s, the delicate and Woodward noted in 1890 that This means that where a fossil fragile scales around the eye as since Agassiz’s original no longer survives, Agassiz’s well as the pectoral fin have been description the tail of the fish had original artwork is an important damaged or worn away. been further extricated from the and unique record. n Fortunately the classification surrounding matrix, but system which Agassiz devised was unfortunately the crude process FURTHER INFORMATION based on dermal features such as managed to destroy its opercular If you would like to help the Geological these, so the (now lost) elements folds (gill covers). Society to conserve and digitise this are recorded in the drawing. valuable collection, or for further Additionally, although much COLLECTIONS’ FATE information about the fundraising appeal, effort was expended by the artist While the private collections of please visit www.geolsoc.org.uk to draw a fossil in detail, the figures like Enniskillen, Egerton /sponsorafish

FEBRUARY 2013 19 GEOSCIENTIST BOOKS & ARTS

‘predict’ earthquakes is fascinatingly set Geology at the University of Leeds, UK out, with examples from around the and as Honorary Professor at the world of different methods, and of University of Hong Kong, and is therefore examples where we apparently extremely well placed to provide managed to predict one earthquake and guidance from the interface between save many lives, and others where we professional practice and academe. failed. Musson goes on to discuss Early on he develops his view: that earthquake-proofing, and identifies Engineering Geology is the scientific those places currently most likely to study of the Earth as it relates to suffer the title’s ‘million death quake’. engineering practice (principally civil, Riveting. A must-read. mining and petroleum). It follows that The Million Death Quake Soil and Rock Mechanics are tools to be This is a wonderful book, easy to read Reviewed by James Montgomery used within Engineering Geology, yet and very informative about what curiously does not similarly encompass earthquakes are, how they occur, the THE MILLION DEATH QUAKE Hydrogeology - even though the author ROGER MUSSON, Published by Palgrave Macmillan consequences of building in earthquake ISBN 978-0-230-11941-3. 272pp. clearly believes that ‘water is critically zones, and how we can protect ourselves List price: £16.99, http://www.palgrave.com/ important to many geotechnical projects’. from the worst impacts. It is an products/title.aspx?pid=527038 He nevertheless argues that you cannot avowedly popular introduction, and a have soil mechanics without soil and great read for geologists or engineers who similarly for rock, although the distinction are not themselves specialists. It is also between ‘soil’ and ‘rock’ is artificial for the extremely readable, by anyone, regardless continuum that makes up geological of science background. material; engineering geologists need to Musson’s opening line is a real recognise this and have a basic grabber: “Imagine a city screaming”. He understanding of the principles of both. then presents a dramatisation of the Haiti Chapters are then devoted to ground earthquake (12 January 2010). These first models and site investigation. Rather pages capture you immediately. I could than taking a textbook approach, the not stop reading until I had finished the emphasis is on what the trainee first chapter. engineering geologist needs to know that So what is so interesting? It is the Practical Engineering they may not have been taught. Herein combination of scientific explanation and lies the great value of this book: providing historical information, much of it gleaned Geology a readable and accessible digest of tips from ancient scripts and subject to all the This book is aimed at engineering and prompts to raise awareness of the mistranslation and misinterpretation of geologists and geotechnical engineers issues that may adversely affect the site the past. The author sets out how our entering the profession and summarises under consideration. understanding has evolved from ancient the things that the author wished he had Case histories are drawn from the times; from a time when we could only known when starting out on his career. author’s own experience, largely in SE conceive of earthquakes as a sign of God’s Indeed, this begins with considering what Asia and the UK; but this apparently anger, through to the last century, and the an engineering geologist needs to know, parochial consideration is an advantage acceptance of continental drift as the and touches on the issues facing the rather than a drawback since the author is fundamental driver shaping our globe. young professional given the structure of speaking from first-hand experience and Musson’s explanation of seismic waves higher education. Clearly there is a need not recycling the studies of others. The using a ‘Slinky’ toy is effortlessly for integrating topics across the spectrum two regions encompass a range of handled. From this, he goes on to of Earth science and engineering, yet geological conditions found across the describe seismometers, and explains how undergraduate degrees alone are not world, introducing a variety of atomic bomb-testing gave us a global structured to achieve this. Meanwhile the geomaterials, histories and environments network that hugely benefited humanity intensive postgraduate one-year Master’s that help bring the earlier chapters to life. by increasing the information available on course has become virtually extinct with Furthermore, the author is refreshingly earthquakes too. I was fascinated to read the upsurge of four-year MSci/MEng frank about mistakes as well as successes there is a complete seismic record of the degrees focused more on developing while successfully avoiding the London Blitz because one seismometer research skills (see Soapbox, p.9). appointment of blame. was recording throughout! The book is therefore structured to As an antidote to standard texts, Tsunamis feature as the consequences focus attention on what an engineering this publication is a valuable contribution of certain types of earthquake. Some of geologist needs to know, professional to the armoury of all budding Musson’s descriptions are bizarrely comic qualifications and training, engineering engineering geologists. (houses floating down an inlet in Maine practice, ground models and site as a fisherman returns home) but the investigation, geotechnics (soil and rock Reviewed by Mike Rosenbaum visions we all saw on TV of the 2004 mechanics), and unexpected ground PRACTICAL ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Sumatra tsunami, and Japan in 2011, conditions (hazard assessment) and how STEVE HENCHER, Published by: Spon Press, 2012. were both terrifying and horribly to avoid problems. ISBN: 978 0 415 46909 8 (paperback) ISBN: 978 0 415 compulsive viewing. The author is Director of Halcrow 46908 1 (hardback) ISBN: 978 0 203 89482 8 (eBook) 450 pp. List price: £45.00 (paperback), £120.00 The last chapters set out how we can China, but also holds academic (hardback) www.routledge.com/books/details/ protect ourselves. Our inability to appointments as Professor of Engineering 9780415469098/

20 FEBRUARY 2013 BOOKS & ARTS GEOSCIENTIST

and where they are used they are After the geology in general, the authors clearly explained. move on to a field itinerary, which allows What really impressed about this book several sections of the coast to be was the inclusion of the chapter on considered in detail. Each section comes sequence and, in the with clear maps showing footpaths and car concluding chapter, how well logs can be parking areas. It also mentions any non- used in purely geological context by geological as well as geological highlights explaining how they can be used to to look out for. This section also describes identify geological events lasting only a the coast as it is seen from a boat just few hundred years. offshore, and even suggests where to In conclusion, a highly recommended embark on boat trips (e.g. from Poole, The Geological book - whether your interest be Swanage, Lulworth Cove or Weymouth). academic, professional - or just curiosity. The authors do not omit reference to rocks, Interpretation of Well Logs reefs and races and give a description of This third edition contains new material Reviewed by Andrew Southworth the seabed from an integrated survey and to update the reader on some of the even (briefly) discuss the sea life there. THE GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF WELL LOGS advances in this field. Previous editions MALCOLM RIDER & MARTIN KENNEDY, Published by Plenty of annotated photographs help of this book have been well received Rider-French Consulting Ltd., Scotland 2011 ISBN: 978- explain the geology, coastal features, folds, by the industry and academia – the 0-9541906-8-2. 432 pp. faults and the landscape. The book List price: £60.00, www.riderfrench.co.uk improvements in this edition, describes various local fossil collections including an expanded chapter on and where to see them and mentions image logs, a chapter on Logging While several important Victorian geologists. It Drilling and the inclusion of colour also talks of various paintings (e.g. by diagrams and headings should make it Turner) depicting the area. Economic even more welcome. history is not neglected, especially the local The book is very comprehensive in its quarrying industry (e.g. Portland and coverage of the various well logging tools Purbeck stone, clays and lime). The and helpfully explains the theory, authors also describe some more notable principles and how well log data is used architectural features, including local and interpreted, in a way that is easy to cottages and castles. Handy on holidays! follow and understand. I can recall struggling to understand very technical Geology of the Reviewed by Steve Rowlatt well-logging manuals in my own well-site Jurassic Coast GEOLOGY OF THE JURASSIC COAST - THE ISLE OF geologist days (1980s). If only this PURBECK, WEYMOUTH TO STUDLAND publication had been available to me then! This book is suitable for anyone interested PAUL ENSOM AND MALCOLM TURNBULL, Published by The book begins with a brief history of in the geology of Dorset, from GCSE to Coastal Publishing, 2011 (Softback) ISBN 978-1-907701- well-logging and explains the purpose of professorial level. It has many excellent 00-9.128pp List price: £9.95 , www.coastalpublishing.co.uk the manual. This is followed by an plates and is very good value for the list excellent and very relevant explanation of price of £9.95 the logging environment and how drilling It begins with a brief introduction to REVIEWS: COPIES AVAILABLE can affect the formation and its effect on World Heritage Sites and the work of well-log data. UNESCO before moving on to consider the We have received the following books. Subsequent chapters deal with rocks of the Isle of Purbeck. It considers Please contact [email protected] if you would like to supply a review. You individual logging tools, the information the many rock types in Dorset (largely will be invited to keep the review copy. they produce and how it can be used to Jurassic and ) and the associated See Geoscientist Online for an up-to-date determine lithologies and . fossils - ranging from microfossils, trace version of this list. Each chapter follows a logical sequence fossils and ammonites to the large and the consistent structure makes vertebrates. It carries a wealth of detail n NEW! Mechanics of Fluid Flow by reading and following the topic very easy about many unusual and perhaps Basniev, Dmitriev and Chilingar. John Wiley, indeed. While each chapter goes into unexpected features of the region - such as Scrivener hbk.,568pp some detail, the emphasis is on what is Dorset’s oil deposits and the organic-rich n NEW! Petroleum Accumulation Zones on necessary to explain the principles, rock that was used as a sort of ‘coal’ in the Continental Margins by Grigorenko, Chilingar, uses and application of the tools. past - and of course the famous burning Sobolev, Andiyeva and Zhukova. John To support the explanations there are cliffs of Kimmeridge. Wiley/Scrivener hbk, 440pp comprehensive colour diagrams, actual After a general description of the rock n South of Scotland (4th Edn.) BGS British logs and illustrations. sequence, the book moves on to consider series - Stone et al., 247pp Overall, the structure of the volume specific areas of interest in Purbeck - + bedrock geology map lends itself, by design I suspect, to use as a focusing on landscapes, n Disaster Deferred - a new view of course text, and will be useful to the and wildlife. It then considers features Earthquake Hazards in the New Madrid Seismic Zone (2012) by Seth Stein. Columbia novice and the experienced alike. such as caves, arches, stacks, coves, University Press pbk, 282pp Well-logging can be a very esoteric landslides and their evolution – many of n Continuum Mechanics in the Earth subject but the authors have tried to keep course linking into a continuum which will Sciences by William I Newman Cambridge it as simple as possible. To this end the be a revelation to many younger or less University Press use of acronyms is kept to a minimum scientifically trained readers.

FEBRUARY 2013 21 GEOSCIENTIST PEOPLE

Geoscientists in the news and on the move in the UK, PEOPLE Europe and worldwide CAROUSEL Calling Sheffield Geologists! All fellows of the Society are entitled to entires in this 2013 marks the centenary of the opening of the Geology column. Please email ted.nield @geolsoc.org.uk, quoting your Department at the University of Sheffield, writes Phil Gibbard Fellowship number. Photo: Alison Hunter 2011 The home of Sheffield University's Geology Department n STEPHEN FOSTER until 1989, now known as the Sir Stephen Foster, Frederick Mappin Building BGS Divisional Director 1991-99 and William Smith Medallist 2006, has completed 10 years as Director of the World Bank–Groundwater Management Advisory Team. The documentation produced may be downloaded at www.worldbank.org/gwmate. Stephen now acts as a Senior Adviser to the Global Water Partnership, dealing with groundwater policy issues at the interface with agricultural food production and urban infrastructure development. A book, covering the strong demand from both ex- If you are a Sheffield www.worldbank.org. department's history, staff and alumni for a full- Geology or an associated achievements and eventual scale reunion - and a graduate, your department n MIKE PETTERSON closure, is being prepared to ‘Centenary Celebration’ needs you! Mike Petterson, late commemorate this influential seemed most appropriate. of BGS and until institute. However, following This event will take place Further information and booking recently Professor of an appeal for information, it on 21 September 2013 in Firth forms can be downloaded at: Applied and became clear that there was a Hall, University of Sheffield. www.geologyatsheffield.co.uk Environmental Geosciences at the University of Leicester, has been appointed Union of Geological Sciences. Director of SOPAC (South Pacific Caroline Lynn named The award, for which he was ‘Professional Woman Applied Geoscience nominated by the Board of of the Future 2012’ Commission). SOPAC is based INHIGEO, was received in his in Fiji with 22 member countries absence by his daughter and 7 donor countries. Mike Rebecca during the 24th IGC in took up the new position at the Brisbane last August. end of January. See www.sopac.org. n CAROLINE LYNN Caroline Lynn, Production n HUGH TORRENS Geologist with Shell UK, has been Hugh Torrens, named ‘Professional Woman of Emeritus Professor the Future 2012’. The ‘Women of of the History of the Future’ Awards, in association Science and with Shell, are ‘a platform for Technology at the successful young women in University of Keele, UK, has Britain today’. Now in their been awarded the inaugural V V seventh year the awards have Tikhomirov Award for the History highlighted the achievements of of Geology by the International over 300 women.

22 FEBRUARY 2013 PEOPLE GEOSCIENTIST

HELP YOUR OBITUARIST The Society operates a scheme for Fellows to deposit biographical material. The object is to assist obituarists by providing contacts, dates and other information, and thus ensure that Fellows’ lives are accorded appropriate and accurate commemoration. Please send your CV and a photograph to Ted Nield at the Society.

Glossop Lecture, Award 2012 IN MEMORIAM WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/OBITUARIES

The Glossop Lecture 2012 was rock is a shale (with apologies to THE SOCIETY NOTES WITH SADNESS THE PASSING OF: given by Dr Ruth Allington (GWP) Mark Twain)”. who spoke on ‘Engineering The award was made in Bailey, Kenneth * Middleton, John * geology and geomorphology in recognition of Dave’s work Blackburn, James Kirk * Million, Ronald * the design, operation and organising EGGS field trips for Bowler, Christopher Michael Lance * Scott, Robert A * rehabilitation of quarries’ at the the last 15 years. The vote of Chapman, W T * Williams, Colin L * Royal Geographical Society, on thanks to the Glossop Lecturer Gardner, Alastair Zwart, Hendrik * Jones, Brian Lloyd * Wednesday 21 November. was proposed by Professor Jim The lecture was preceded by Griffiths (University of Plymouth, In the interests of recording its Fellows' work for posterity, the Society the winning Glossop Award ex-Chair of EGGS) who is also publishes obituaries online, and in Geoscientist. The most recent additions presentation, by Thomas Clifford the 2013 Glossop Medallist to the list are shown in bold. Fellows for whom no obituarist has yet been commissioned are marked with an asterisk (*). The symbol § indicates that (Aggregate Industries Ltd.) on and lecturer. biographical material has been lodged with the Society. ‘Assessment and Design The ceremonies were Mitigation for Rockfall in Quarries’. introduced by Helen Scholes, If you would like to contribute an obituary, please email ted.nield@geolsoc. Dave Giles (Portsmouth Chair of EGGS, and the Glossop org.uk to be commissioned. You can read the guidance for authors at www.geolsoc.org.uk/obituaries. To save yourself unnecessary work, University) received a Dartington Medal (Ruth Allington) and Award please do not write anything until you have received a commissioning letter. crystal tankard engraved with (Thomas Clifford) presented by the EGGS logo, and a Emma Slack, daughter of the Deceased Fellows for whom no obituary is forthcoming have their names hammer bearing the inscription late Rudolph Glossop. and dates recorded in a Roll of Honour at www.geolsoc.org.uk/obituaries. “To a man with a hammer, every

Mystery mugshot Can you throw any light on this curious item? Stuart Baldwin has acquired Thomas Clifford, Emma Slack two pewter (we think) mugs (née Glossop) and Ruth Allington with the Society’s initials entwined above the Society’s motto (picture). The item turned up when Stuart was purchasing the library and some effects of a deceased Fellow. Inquiries have so far drawn a blank. Does anyone recognise this mug, and if so can they shed any light on when and for what reason it was made? The mug is 125mm tall; the diameter of the mouth is 90mm, maximum width including handle is 130mm. Base diameter 80mm. Helen Scholes presents Dave Contact Wendy.cawthorne@ Giles with hammer and tankard

geolsoc.org.uk ▼

FEBRUARY 2013 23 GEOSCIENTIST PEOPLE

PEOPLE... DISTANT THUNDER Man in the moon Geologist and science writer Nina Morgan* discovers a new twist to an old Sinatra song

Eugene (Gene) Athena-2 rocket with Shoemaker Lunar Prospector By NASA [Public domain] via Wikimedia Commons By NASA [Public domain] via Wikimedia

Fly Me to the Moon was a great work on impact craters. One of launched at 02:28:44 GMT on 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT hit for Frank Sinatra back in the his last public appearances had January 1998 from the Kennedy Sources for this vignette include: 1960s. But although the Ol’ been at a Society Fermor Space Center in Florida and 105 Information about the Lunar Blue-Eyes may have gazed Meeting on meteoritics, just a hours later it entered Lunar orbit. Prospector on the websites: upward, his feet remained firmly few months before. On 31 July 1998, Shoemaker’s solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions on the ground. Not so for Recalling how Shoemaker ashes reached their final resting /profile.cfm?MCode=LunarPr& Eugene (Gene) Shoemaker once mentioned that ‘Not going place when the Lunar Prospector Display=ReadMore and (1928-1997). A geologist with a to the Moon and banging on it (mission accomplished and having nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/ life-long passion for studying with my own hammer has been found no water) was deliberately lunarprosp.html; information impact craters, he brought the biggest disappointment in crashed onto the surface of the about Hale-Bopp and Shoemaker- together geological principles to life’, his colleague and former Moon in a seismic experiment. Levy at www.ninesplanets.org; the mapping of planets, founded student Dr Carolyn Porco (now a Shoemaker’s ashes at the US Geological Survey Branch Senior Research Scientist at the CAPSULE www2.jpl.nasa.gov/s19/news8 of Astrogeology in 1961 and Space Science Institute in Wrapped around the capsule is a 2.html; Wikipedia, and an established its field centre in Boulder, Colorado and an piece of brass foil carrying images obituary at astrogeology.usgs. Flagstaff, Arizona in 1963. Adjunct Professor at the of the comet Hale-Bopp and of gov.rpif/gene-shoemaker. University of Colorado at Boulder) Meteor Crater in northern Arizona, COMET proposed and set in motion a along with the passage from ‘SuperGene’ retired from the fitting tribute – a scheme to send Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet: If the past is the key to your USGS in 1993, and in the same some of Shoemaker’s ashes to a present interests, why not join year, along with his wife Carolyn final resting place on the Moon. And, when he shall die, the Group and collaborator David Levy, Permission from Shoemaker’s Take him and cut him out in (HOGG)? For more information discovered the Comet family and NASA administrators little stars, and to read the latest HOGG Shoemaker-Levy, which crashed came quickly, and a tiny And he will make the face of newsletter, visit: www.geolsoc.org.uk/hogg into Jupiter in 1994, providing polycarbonate capsule – just heaven so fine , new insights into the dynamics of 1.75 inches long and 0.7 inches That all the world will be in love where the programme and comets and the planetary in diameter – containing some of with night, abstracts from the Conference on science of the greatest of the gas Shoemaker’s ashes was packed And pay no worship to the Geological Collectors and giants. He was tragically killed inside a vacuum-sealed flight- garish sun. Collecting are available as a pdf on 18 July 1997 as the result of a tested aluminium sleeve and file free to download. car accident in Alice Springs loaded onto the Lunar A truly inspirational end for a Australia while carrying out field Prospector spacecraft. This was geologist who made a real impact. * Nina Morgan is based in Oxford.

24 FEBRUARY 2013 Geoscientist welcomes readers’ letters. These are published as promptly as possible in Geoscientist Online and a selection READERS’ printed each month. Please submit your letter (300 words or fewer, by email only please) to [email protected]. LETTERS Letters will be edited. For references cited in these letters, please see the full versions at www.geolsoc.org.uk/letters ‘BLACK TIE’ DINNERS Image: RTimages / Shutterstock.com Image: RTimages

TIES THAT BIND HELL ON HEELS If I was interested in dressing up I would Sir, I think Sue Treagus misses the point Sir, As a female geologist who moved to have studied fashion or read Cosmo instead of dinner jackets. A dress code simply London several years ago, I have never of Geoscientist. As a geologist I'm not too ensures that the men attend in uniform - attended one of the 'Black Tie/Dress' events fussed if I break a nail. I tried a black tie event and in the same uniform - leaving the for exactly the reason raised by Ms Treagus. once. I even got myself a personal shopper ladies to provide the sartorial sparkle As much as I would like to network & meet to assist with the attire. In the end I gave up. and glamour. other geologists it sounds like I would feel The trauma and the stress I can happily live Without a dress code I, as a member completely out of place. without. Must be nice to just hire a suit & turn of the working class, might turn up in a For men it’s simple; 'black tie' equates to up for a few drinks with the guys. Black tie costermonger's apron and find myself popping down to the nearest rental place & event says to me "well-to-do London sitting next to a duke in ermine robes hire a standard issue suit and maybe having a gentlemen" and their wives who can catch up and coronet. Which might make both shave. As a woman, the expectation is posh on the latest goss & skin care tips, while the of us feel uncomfortable. A dress code dress chosen from a vast array in a multitude guys talk shop. actually removes any sense of elitism of shops; tights, stockings, sunbeds/fake tan, When the next 'jeans & t-shirts (preferably or snobbery. shoes, heels of correct colour, matching sporting extracts from "Sticks and Stones" for Of course, one can always walk out handbag, necklace/other jewellery, not to a laugh & ice breaker) down to earth day' is on early, but I feel that on one point Sue is mention the hair and makeup. All great if you I'll pop along for sure. right; there is no need to drag the event love all that. I don't. Name and Fellowship Number supplied out to midnight. A well organised evening can finish at 22.30 - as do Livery Company dinners. This enables those of us living south of the river to PUMPKIN TIME clearly and succinctly. In addition, it lets get back to darkest Sir, I find it regrettable that in the name of guests know what time to leave, so that our Dulwich at a gender equality and modernity Sue Treagus hosts do not have to spend even more time reasonable hour! (Geoscientist 22.11) takes umbrage at the easing stragglers out of the door long after Robert Freer dress code guidelines and timing that their welcome has run out! accompanied the invitation to the Founders’ The same applies to the guidance as to Day Lecture and Dinner. what should be worn at the event. “Dress: If, as many Society members do, Black Tie” again is a very clear instruction - you live outside ‘night bus’ range, it to both genders - as to the formality of the is nice to know when events end so evening, preventing embarrassment for both that travel or hotel arrangements guest and host when attending wrongly can be made. The simple if attired. “Dress: Black Tie” and “Carriages” somewhat archaic term “Carriages” are merely good etiquette. provides all one needs to know Nigel Davis

FEBRUARY 2013 25 GEOSCIENTIST OBITUARY

OBITUARY‘

JOHN EDWARD GUEST 1938-2012 Volcanologist and planetary scientist who inspired generations of students at UCL over half a century

ohn Edward Guest established the emerging importance of transforming (Viking, 1975) and Venus was a pioneer in disciplines of planetary into a physical (Magellan, 1989). He also volcanology and geology and physical discipline and, even though engaged with the Soviet planetary science. volcanology at UCL and, in he described himself as a field Phobos mission to Mars J Born in London on 1980, he founded the first geologist, he vigorously (1988). For his 6 December 1938, he had an NASA Regional Planetary promoted advances in contributions to planetary enthusiasm for the natural Image Facility outside quantifying the effusive geology, he received the world - from geology to the USA. behaviour of volcanoes. 1991 G K Gilbert Award ornithology - that he used to In 1973, he led the UK from the Geological inspire generations of FASCINATION contribution to a 10-year Society of America. In the colleagues and students. He During his PhD with Sydney Anglo-Italian project on the same year, asteroid 1982 died on 19 May 2012 at his Hollingworth on Tertiary evolution of Sicily’s Mount HL was named Guest by Shropshire home in Church ignimbrites in the Chilean Etna. The collaboration the International Stretton and leaves a Andes, John honed his flair produced the first geological Astronomical Union.

widow, Mary, and two sons, for field geology and map of the volcano for 100 Ben and James. confirmed a fascination for years and launched a new INFLUENCE

John saw his academic volcanoes that led him into understanding of Etna’s An extremely quick work not as a job, nor as a research around the world, magmatic feeding system and ‘thinker-on-his-feet’, John career, but as a vocation. including Jan Mayen, Iceland, eruptive ~ dynamics. had a formidable talent for Graduating from University Bioko island, Hawaii, the grasping the logical core of College London (UCL) in Azores and, most notably, an argument. He had also 1962, he remained with the southern Italy. He was the ability to prevail in a university for almost 50 among the generation of JOHN BECAME debate without causing years. In that time, he scientists who recognised the ONE OF THE FIRST offence. This made him a NON-US CITIZENS ON considerable influence behind the scenes during NASA’S PROGRAMME project design and FOR PLANETARY management and, at the EXPLORATION same time, popular with colleagues whatever their ~ views during discussion. Through his drive for He was a born raconteur extending traditional studies and had a legendary fund into new arenas, John of tales, some taller than pursued a postdoctoral others, from his long project on the origin of lunar experience around the craters. Despite his passion globe. For this alone, John for volcanoes, he argued was an ideal field against the prevailing companion, an arresting wisdom that the craters were and inspiring lecturer and, volcanic and supported the to his co-workers, a friend, view that they were the result colleague and mentor. of meteorite impacts. He became one of the first non- By Christopher Kilburn, US citizens on NASA’s David Chester, Angus programme for planetary Duncan, Rosaly Lopes, exploration and joined the Derek McNally, John Murray, science teams for missions to Ellen Stofan and Denis Mercury (Mariner 10, Timm. A longer version of this launched in 1973), Mars obituary may be found online John on Etna

26 FEBRUARY 2013 CALENDAR GEOSCIENTIST Can’t find your meeting? VISIT www.geolsoc.org.uk/listings] [full, accurate, up-to-date

ENDORSED TRAINING/CPD

Course Date Venue and details

Geomorphological Processes 28 January - University of Sussex. Fees apply; Fellows’ discount. See website for details and 1 February registration. Or apply online at www.sussex.ac.uk/geography/pgstudy

Forcing and Predictive Models 18 - 22 University of Sussex. Fees apply; Fellows’ discount. See website for details and of Change February registration. Or apply online at www.sussex.ac.uk/geography/pgstudy. Contact: Dr John Barlow E: [email protected] Lapworth’s Logs n/a ‘Lapworth’s Logs’ are a series of e-courses involving practical exercises of increasing complexity. Contact: [email protected]. Lapworth’s Logs is produced by Michael de Freitas and Andrew Thompson

DIARY OF MEETINGS FEBRUARY 2013

Meeting Date Venue and details

Rock Idol Competition and AGM TBC Social Event. Check website for details. East Midlands Regional

Gully Incision Valleys and Glacial 19 February BGS Common Room, Edinburgh. 1740 for 1800 start. Speaker: Heather Stewart. Lineations: Recent insights Convener: Lesley MacLellan E: [email protected] Central Scotland Regional

Making the Himalaya: Oozing, Squashing 20 February Burlington House. Speaker: Dr Matt Kohn (Boise State Uni) MSA distinguished lecturer or Sliding? 2012-2013. Please see website for details and registration. Talks at 1500 and 1800. Geological Society Contact Naomi Newbould E: [email protected]. Tickets allocated by lot.

Geology Rocks! 21st Birthday Event 23 February National Museum, Park Place, Cardiff, 1000 – 1500. Contact: Dave Jones E: Southern Wales Regional [email protected]

Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems 27 February The Birmingham & Midland Institute. A one day meeting. See website for call for Hydrogeological Group abstracts. Convener: Chris Jackson. E: [email protected]

FEBRUARY 2013 27 GEOSCIENTIST OBITUARY

OBITUARY‘

ROBERT BRUCE KARIM KING 1923-2012 Geomorphologist who applied Land Systems to planning in South Africa, but was forced to leave

ruce King died graduation he worked in and life in South Africa. After away from merely assessing suddenly at his Cape Town, with a group that a (then illegal) marriage, and mapping land home in Esher in was developing African conversion to Islam, and resources, and, particularly April. At his applications of Land Systems. support for the ANC, he had in Belize, became actively B Muslim funeral the These are recurrent landscape to leave. He took a involved in the complexities Imam accorded him the patterns in which soils and geomorphological doctorate at of multi-disciplinary and accolade of ‘Sheikh’, with its natural vegetation vary Edinburgh, and then joined multi-sectoral planning. connotations of wisdom and systematically from crest to the Land Resources Division In retirement, the learning. drainage line provided that of ODA, which was the political changes in South Although born and the lithology and climate technical branch for Africa meant that Bruce schooled in England, Bruce remain fairly uniform. Once agricultural development in could return to his interest opted to do his geology characterised, Land Systems British overseas aid. His first in the South African degree at Durban. Natal facilitate rapid identification major assignment was to co- landscape, and he geology at that time was and location of particular found the Bureau for Land embarked on a systematic much influenced by resources, and are also an Use Planning in Tanzania, geomorphological survey of geomorphologists, who excellent way of which applied Land Systems the country. He was also were developing ideas on encapsulating complex to map land resources. The working on a tropical

retreating pediments and distributions of land Bureau made great use of geomorphology and remote stepped pediplains as the resources in large areas. aerial photographs and, later, sensing book.

dominant processes shaping satellite imagery, and this the South African landscape. POLITICS furthered Bruce’s interest and EGALITARIAN This gave Bruce his lifelong Although he found the work expertise~ in remote sensing. The whole of Bruce’s life interest and career in interesting, Bruce was was influenced by his geomorphology. After uncomfortable with politics egalitarian ideals. After HE WAS AN returning to England he became an active member ENGAGING COLLEAGUE of the Labour Party, and he AND TEAM LEADER - was a staunch trade RIGOROUS AND unionist within LRD. In retirement he gave much METICULOUS BUT time and effort to the Fair MODEST, GENTLE, Trade Movement. He was an engaging colleague and HUMOROUS AND team leader - rigorous and HELPFUL meticulous but modest, gentle, humorous and ~ helpful. He developed After Tanzania, Bruce warm and mutually participated in major Land respectful ties with host System environmental country counterparts. He surveys for agricultural and took a refreshingly lateral forestry developments in look at issues, as shown by northern Nigeria, the whole of his solution to the problem Indonesia and the whole of of remaining physically Belize, initially as the active in retirement - by geomorphologist and remote becoming the oldest and sensing specialist, but later as best-qualified paper-boy in leader of multidisciplinary the Surrey stockbroker-belt. teams. By the end of his time in LRD, Bruce had moved By Ian Baillie

28 FEBRUARY 2013 CROSSWORD GEOSCIENTIST

CROSSWORD NO. 165 SET BY PLATYPUS WIN A SPECIAL PUBLICATION

The winner of the November Crossword puzzle prize draw was Michael Allen of Allestree Derby.

All correct solutions will be placed in the draw, and the winner’s name printed in the April 2013 issue. The Editor’s decision is final and no correspondence will be entered into. Closing date - 25 February.

The competition is open to all Fellows, Candidate Fellows and Friends of the Geological Society who are not current Society employees, officers or trustees. This exclusion does not apply to officers of joint associations, specialist or regional groups.

Please return your completed crossword to Burlington House, marking your envelope “Crossword”. Do not enclose any other matter with your solution. Overseas Fellows are encouraged to scan the signed form and email it as a PDF to [email protected]

Name ...... ACROSS DOWN Membership number ...... 1 Magnesium salt gives horses the runs 1 Very large scale tectonic movement(10) Address for correspondence ...... (5) 2 One beyond Fah (3) 4 Synclines (9) ...... 3 Lithostratic grouping of beds (6) 9 Impermanent, as in streams for instance ...... 4 Conforming to precepts laid out in the (9) Origin in 1859 (9) ...... 10 Soil bore (5) 5 Renege on a bet, would you boyo? (5) 11 Filling a former deficit, for example, in a ...... 6 Whip-like propulstion strands seen in reservoir (14) both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (8) ...... 14 Incorruptible metal (4) 7 Lacking in substance, figuratively - or ...... 15 Worshipful London Livery Company for mass, literally (11) hooch makers (10) 8 Winnow by currents into uniform grain ...... 18 Gazelle-like lightness of foot (10) size (4) Postcode ...... 19 Former UK trade union, which in 2007 12 What happens to monomers when merged with Amicus to form UNITE they join to form chains (11) (1,1,1,1) 13 Much-blotted heraldic device (10) 21 Descriptive of an argument possessing SOLUTIONS OCTOBER 16 Sworn statement (9) the properties of logical discourse (13) 17 Small, steep-sided triangular mesa - or ACROSS: 24 Acronym, now a word, meaning a early New York skyscraper (8) 1 Beryl 4 Essential 9 Oldhamite 10 Upset powerful form of light (5) 20 C H O all hydroxyl groups on one 11 Impressionism 14 Rood 15 Congruence 25 Endogenous purine nucleoside that 5 10 5 side (in Fischer) (6) 18 Traversing 19 Etna 21 Characterised 24 modulates physiological processes Delhi 25 Replicate 27 Egyptions 28 Ewers within the cell (9) 22 Nebraskan city that gave its name to a Normandy beach (5) 27 No longer of use (9) DOWN: 23 To put out of focus (4) 28 Fluorescent red dye much used in 1 Biomicrite 2 Red 3 Leases 4 Emissions biological microscopy, produced by the 26 The Tories' 'determined, quiet man' 5 Steno 6 Nautilus 7 Inseminates 8 Lots action of bromine on fluorescein (5) (1,1,1) 12 Prosaically 13 Regardless 16 Genotypes 17 Medalist 20 Ursine 22 Aorta 23 Edge 26 Ale

FEBRUARY 2013 29 RECRUITMENT

Geological Investigations Manager Circa £40,000 pa plus bonus and relocation assistance Harwell, Oxfordshire or other UK NDA offi ces considered A unique opportunity to join the team developing a major, high profi le, complex project. Utilise your broad understanding of geosciences gained for example in the nuclear waste industry, oil and gas or deep mining, and be part of the team preparing for and investigating potential sites for the geological disposal of radioactive waste. About us About you Dealing with the past. Protecting the future. Your keen understanding of geological investigations The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) has and site characterisation will be underpinned by a been appointed by the Government to implement good fi rst degree or equivalent in earth or physical geological disposal for higher activity radioactive waste. sciences or engineering. You will hold, or be working Our Radioactive Waste Management Directorate towards, chartered membership status in a relevant (RWMD) is being developed into a wholly owned professional institute. You will have signifi cant subsidiary and a nuclear Site Licence Company (SLC), experience and knowledge of the range of data which will progress this vital work. RWMD will develop acquisition and interpretation techniques available to a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) and associated characterise the geoscientifi c aspects of sites. You will transport system based upon a robust geoscientifi c also be able to demonstrate knowledge of the principles understanding of a candidate site(s). of data and records management. Excellent interpersonal and communication skills are vital to success. About the role Apply Joining us at a critical stage, you’ll have the opportunity to help shape our ways of working. In this infl uential To apply please forward your CV and a covering role, you will be responsible for specifying and obtaining letter quoting reference RWMD: GIM01 to data from geological investigations as appropriate. You [email protected] by the closing date will liaise extensively with specialist suppliers to provide of 25th February 2013. information needed to undertake geoscientifi c work in To fi nd out more about the work of the NDA support of the Government’s siting programme for a and RWMD visit www.nda.gov.uk geological disposal facility. Other external contacts include the Geological Society, British Geological Survey, expert advisory panels and international sister organisations. Your work will include the development of needs-driven plans for surface-based and underground investigations and geoscientifi c inputs to site identifi cation and selection processes.

30 FEBRUARY 2013