DOCSLIB.ORG

Acadian-Appalachian Alpine Tundra

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Acadian-Appalachian Alpine Tundra Macrogroup: Alpine yourStateNatural Heritage Ecologist for more information about this habitat. This is modeledmap a distributiononbased current and is data nota substitute for field inventory. based Contact © Josh Royte (The Nature Conservancy, Maine) Description: A sparsely vegetated system near or above treeline in the Northern Appalachian Mountains, dominated by lichens, dwarf-shrubland, and sedges. At the highest elevations, the dominant plants are dwarf heaths such as alpine bilberry and cushion-plants such as diapensia. Bigelow’s sedge is characteristic. Wetland depressions, such as small alpine bogs and rare sloping fens, may be found within the surrounding upland matrix. In the lower subalpine zone, deciduous shrubs such as nannyberry provide cover in somewhat protected areas; dwarf heaths including crowberry, Labrador tea, sheep laurel, and lowbush blueberry, are typical. Nearer treeline, spruce and fir that State Distribution: ME, NH, NY, VT have become progressively more stunted as exposure increases may form nearly impenetrable krummholz. Total Habitat Acreage: 8,185 Ecological Setting and Natural Processes: Percent Conserved: 98.1% High winds, snow and ice, cloud-cover fog, and intense State State GAP 1&2 GAP 3 Unsecured summer sun exposure are common and control ecosystem State Habitat % Acreage (acres) (acres) (acres) dynamics. Found mostly above 4000' in the northern part of NH 51% 4,160 4,126 0 34 our region, alpine tundra may also occur in small patches on ME 44% 3,624 2,510 1,082 33 lower ridgelines and summits and at lower elevations near the Atlantic coast. NY 3% 285 194 0 91 VT 1% 115 115 0 0 Similar Habitat Types: Acadian-Appalachian Montane Spruce-Fir-Hardwood Forests typically occur downslope. Similar to Southern Appalachian Shrub and Grass Balds, and less obviously to systems like Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Heathland and Grassland and glade and barrens systems to the south, in that extreme environmental conditions make it very difficult for even small trees to develop. Crosswalk to State Wildlife Action Plans: Crosswalk to State Name Examples: Alpine (ME), Alpine (NH), Alpine (NY), Outcrops and Upland Spruce - Fir - Birch Krummholz (ME), Black Spruce - Balsam Fir Meadows - Alpine Meadows (VT), Open Peatlands - Alpine Krummholz (NH), Alpine Krummholz (NY), Spruce-Fir-Northern Peatland (VT), Spruce-Fir-Northern Hardwood Forest - Hardwood Forest - Subalpine Krummholz (VT) Subalpine Krummholz (VT) Places to Visit this Habitat: Habitat Patch Distribution Baxter State Park | ME 6,000 Mahoosucs | ME 5,000 Tumbledown Mount Blue | ME 4,000 White Mountain National Forest | NH 3,000 Acres 2,000 High Peaks Wilderness Area | NY 1,000 0 Associated Species: Appendix lists scientific names 0 to 1 1 to 5 5 to 10 1000+ BIRDS: blackpoll warbler, common raven, dark-eyed junco, 10 to 100 golden eagle, red-breasted nuthatch, white-throated sparrow, 100 to 1000 yellow-rumped warbler Patch Size Classes The average patch size for this habitat is 38 acres and the largest single patch is MAMMALS: northern red-backed vole 3,949 acres. This chart shows the proportion of the habitat that is in each patch-size class. INSECTS: katahdin arctic butterfly, crowberry blue butterfly Age Class Distribution PLANTS: Alpine-azalea (Loiseleuria procumbens), alpine 80 blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum), alpine bittercress (Cardamine 60 bellidifolia), alpine sweet grass (Hierochloe alpina), balsam willow (Salix pyrifolia), bearberry willow (Salix uva-ursi), black 40 crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), highland rush (Juncus trifidus), 20 lapland diapensia (Diapensia lapponica), lapland azalea 0 (Rhododendron lapponicum), mountain cranberry (Vaccinium of Percent Habitat vitis-idaea), mountain sandwort (Minuartia groenlandica), 1 to 20 20 to 40 40 to 60 60 to 80 mountain timothy (Phleum alpinum) 80 to 100100 to 140 Age (Years) This chart shows the average age of trees associated with this habitat based on forest Inventory data. For non-forested systems or small habitats the average age is Species of Concern (G1-G4): Appendix lists scientific names influenced by the surroundings. BIRDS: Bicknell’s thrush, american pipit Predicted Habitat Loss to Development MAMMALS: northern bog lemming 10,000 INSECTS: Katahdin arctic butterfly, crowberry blue butterfly 8,000 6,000 PLANTS: alpine goldenrod (Solidago multiradiata), Appalachian 4,000 fir-clubmoss (Huperzia appalachiana), Bigelow's sedge (Carex Acreage 2,000 bigelowii), capitate Sedge (Carex capitata), Cutler's Goldenrod 0 (Solidago cutleri), dwarf White Birch (Betula minor), lapland 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 diapensia (Diapensia lapponica), mountain avens (Geum peckii), northern blueberry (Vaccinium boreale), Pickering's reed Decade bentgrass (Calamagrostis pickeringii), Robbins' cinquefoil (Potentilla robbinsiana), silverling (Paronychia argyrocoma) This chart shows the predicted loss of habitat over the next five decades ( acres) if loss continues at the same rate as 1990-2000. The average rate of loss is acres per year. Habitat Connectedness Index 60 40 20 0 Percent of Percent Habitat 0 to 25 25 to 50 50 to 75 75 to 100 Degree of Fragmentation (0=Highly Fragmented & 100= Highly Connected) This metric measures how connected or fragmented the land directly surrounding (18 © Josh Royte (The Nature Conservancy, Maine) square miles) the habitat is, this the chart shows the proportion of the habitat in each connectedness class. Acadian-Appalachian Alpine Tundra http://nature.ly/HabitatGuide Acadian Sub-boreal Spruce Flat Macrogroup: Boreal Upland Forest yourStateNatural Heritage Ecologist for more information about this habitat. This is modeledmap a distributiononbased current and is data nota substitute for field inventory. based Contact © Andy Cutco (Maine Natural Areas Program) Description: A conifer or mixed forest forming extensive flats on areas of imperfectly drained soils. Black spruce, red spruce, and balsam fir dominate a mostly closed canopy; yellow birch, hemlock, black cherry, and red maple are sometimes present in smaller numbers. Bryophytes and low herbs are abundant in the ground layer; the shrub layers are typically sparse and made up principally of heath species. This forest is characteristic of colder regions of the northern Appalachians-Acadian region, where it often forms long narrow patches along riverside flats in valley bottoms. State Distribution: MA, ME, NH, NY, VT Total Habitat Acreage: 1,513,068 Ecological Setting and Natural Processes: Percent Conserved: 30.1% Often in low flats along streams and lakes, this type is State State GAP 1&2 GAP 3 Unsecured transitional between wetland and upland. The loamy to State Habitat % Acreage (acres) (acres) (acres) sandy, nutrient-poor mineral soils are typically saturated at ME 88% 1,324,567 56,684 298,210 969,674 snowmelt but are moderately well-drained for much of the NY 7% 98,494 55,943 16,206 26,345 growing season and may be reasonably dry at the soil surface. VT 3% 45,979 4,907 7,189 33,883 NH 3% 43,937 4,291 11,379 28,267 MA 0% 91 0 3 88 Similar Habitat Types: Similar to Laurentian-Acadian Conifer-Hardwood Acid Swamp, but colder and not so consistently on saturated soils; might be considered as a component of Acadian Low- Elevation Spruce-Fir-Hardwood Forest except for its upland- wetland, usually river-associated hydrology and more boreal character. Crosswalk to State Wildlife Action Plans: Crosswalk to State Name Examples: Coniferous Forest (ME), Lowland Spruce Forest (NH), Spruce - Fir - Cinnamon Fern Forest (ME), Lowland Spruce Spruce-Fir-Northern Hardwood Forest - Lowland Spruce-Fir Forest (NH), Spruce Flats (NY), Spruce-Fir-Northern Hardwood Forest (VT) Forest - Lowland Spruce-Fir Forest (VT), Red Spruce Swamp (MA) Places to Visit this Habitat: Habitat Patch Distribution Allagash Wilderness Waterway State Park | ME Baxter State Park | ME 800,000 Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge | NH 600,000 Debar Mountain Wild Forest | NY 400,000 Green Mountain National Forest | VT Acres 200,000 0 Associated Species: Appendix lists scientific names 0 to 1 1 to 5 5 to 10 1000+ BIRDS: black-backed woodpecker, blackburnian warbler, 10 to 100 golden-crowned kinglet, northern waterthrush, palm warbler, 100 to 1000 ruby-crowned kinglet, spruce grouse, swainson’s thrush, white- Patch Size Classes throated sparrow, wilson's warbler, yellow-bellied flycatcher The average patch size for this habitat is 4 acres and the largest single patch is 1,193 acres. This chart shows the proportion of the habitat that is in each patch-size MAMMALS: pine marten, canada lynx class. PLANTS: mountain fly-honeysuckle (lonicera villosa), carolina Age Class Distribution grass-of-parnassus (parnassia glauca), sheathed sedge (carex 50 vaginata) 40 30 20 10 0 Percent of Percent Habitat 1 to 20 20 to 40 40 to 60 60 to 80 80 to 100100 to 140 Age (Years) This chart shows the average age of trees associated with this habitat based on forest Inventory data. For non-forested systems or small habitats the average age is Species of Concern (G1-G4): Appendix lists scientific names influenced by the surroundings. BIRDS: american three-toed woodpecker, bay-breasted warbler, gray jay, Lincoln’s sparrow, rusty blackbird, red crossbill Predicted Habitat Loss to Development MAMMALS: northern bog lemming 1,512,000 1,510,000 INSECTS: purple lesser fritillary butterfly 1,508,000 1,506,000 PLANTS: Canada mountain ricegrass (Piptatherum canadense) Acreage 1,504,000 1,502,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 Decade This chart shows the predicted loss
Recommended publications
  • Checklist of Common Native Plants the Diversity of Acadia National Park Is Refl Ected in Its Plant Life; More Than 1,100 Plant Species Are Found Here

    Checklist of Common Native Plants the Diversity of Acadia National Park Is Refl Ected in Its Plant Life; More Than 1,100 Plant Species Are Found Here

    National Park Service Acadia U.S. Department of the Interior Acadia National Park Checklist of Common Native Plants The diversity of Acadia National Park is refl ected in its plant life; more than 1,100 plant species are found here. This checklist groups the park’s most common plants into the communities where they are typically found. The plant’s growth form is indicated by “t” for trees and “s” for shrubs. To identify unfamiliar plants, consult a fi eld guide or visit the Wild Gardens of Acadia at Sieur de Monts Spring, where more than 400 plants are labeled and displayed in their habitats. All plants within Acadia National Park are protected. Please help protect the park’s fragile beauty by leaving plants in the condition that you fi nd them. Deciduous Woods ash, white t Fraxinus americana maple, mountain t Acer spicatum aspen, big-toothed t Populus grandidentata maple, red t Acer rubrum aspen, trembling t Populus tremuloides maple, striped t Acer pensylvanicum aster, large-leaved Aster macrophyllus maple, sugar t Acer saccharum beech, American t Fagus grandifolia mayfl ower, Canada Maianthemum canadense birch, paper t Betula papyrifera oak, red t Quercus rubra birch, yellow t Betula alleghaniesis pine, white t Pinus strobus blueberry, low sweet s Vaccinium angustifolium pyrola, round-leaved Pyrola americana bunchberry Cornus canadensis sarsaparilla, wild Aralia nudicaulis bush-honeysuckle s Diervilla lonicera saxifrage, early Saxifraga virginiensis cherry, pin t Prunus pensylvanica shadbush or serviceberry s,t Amelanchier spp. cherry, choke t Prunus virginiana Solomon’s seal, false Maianthemum racemosum elder, red-berried or s Sambucus racemosa ssp.
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts

    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts

    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
  • Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Northwest Territories Status Ranking And

    Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Northwest Territories Status Ranking And

    DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA) OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES STATUS RANKING AND PRELIMINARY ATLAS PAUL M. CATLING University of Ottawa 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ....................................................................3 Acknowledgements ...........................................................3 Methods ....................................................................3 The database .................................................................4 History .....................................................................5 Rejected taxa ................................................................5 Possible additions ............................................................5 Additional field inventory ......................................................7 Collection an Inventory of dragonflies .............................................8 Literature Cited .............................................................10 Appendix Table 1 - checklist ...................................................13 Appendix Table 2 - Atlas and ranking notes .......................................15 2 ABSTRACT: occurrences was provided by Dr. Rex Thirty-five species of Odonata are given Kenner, Dr. Donna Giberson, Dr. Nick status ranks in the Northwest Territories Donnelly and Dr. Robert Cannings (some based on number of occurrences and details provided below). General distributional area within the territory. Nine information on contacts and locations of species are ranked as S2, may be at risk, collections provided by Dr. Cannings
  • Ecoregions of New England Forested Land Cover, Nutrient-Poor Frigid and Cryic Soils (Mostly Spodosols), and Numerous High-Gradient Streams and Glacial Lakes

    Ecoregions of New England Forested Land Cover, Nutrient-Poor Frigid and Cryic Soils (Mostly Spodosols), and Numerous High-Gradient Streams and Glacial Lakes

    58. Northeastern Highlands The Northeastern Highlands ecoregion covers most of the northern and mountainous parts of New England as well as the Adirondacks in New York. It is a relatively sparsely populated region compared to adjacent regions, and is characterized by hills and mountains, a mostly Ecoregions of New England forested land cover, nutrient-poor frigid and cryic soils (mostly Spodosols), and numerous high-gradient streams and glacial lakes. Forest vegetation is somewhat transitional between the boreal regions to the north in Canada and the broadleaf deciduous forests to the south. Typical forest types include northern hardwoods (maple-beech-birch), northern hardwoods/spruce, and northeastern spruce-fir forests. Recreation, tourism, and forestry are primary land uses. Farm-to-forest conversion began in the 19th century and continues today. In spite of this trend, Ecoregions denote areas of general similarity in ecosystems and in the type, quality, and 5 level III ecoregions and 40 level IV ecoregions in the New England states and many Commission for Environmental Cooperation Working Group, 1997, Ecological regions of North America – toward a common perspective: Montreal, Commission for Environmental Cooperation, 71 p. alluvial valleys, glacial lake basins, and areas of limestone-derived soils are still farmed for dairy products, forage crops, apples, and potatoes. In addition to the timber industry, recreational homes and associated lodging and services sustain the forested regions economically, but quantity of environmental resources; they are designed to serve as a spatial framework for continue into ecologically similar parts of adjacent states or provinces. they also create development pressure that threatens to change the pastoral character of the region.
  • ALBANY CHAPTER of the ADIRONDACK MOUNTAIN CLUB

    ALBANY CHAPTER of the ADIRONDACK MOUNTAIN CLUB

    The Cloudsplitter Vol. 79 No. 3 July-September 2016 published by the ALBANY CHAPTER of the ADIRONDACK MOUNTAIN CLUB The Cloudsplitter is published quarterly by the Albany Chapter of the Adirondack Mountain Club and is distributed to the membership. All issues (January, April, July, and October) feature activities schedules, trip reports, and other articles of interest to the outdoor enthusiast. All outings should now be entered on the web site www.adk-albany.org. Echoes should be entered on the web site www.adk-albany.org with your login information. The Albany Chapter may be Please send your address and For Club orders & membership For Cloudsplitter related issues, reached at: phone number changes to: call (800) 395-8080 or contact the Editor at: Albany Chapter ADK Adirondack Mountain Club e-mail: [email protected] The Cloudsplitter Empire State Plaza 814 Goggins Road home page: www.adk.org c/o Karen Ross P.O. Box 2116 Lake George, NY 12845-4117 7 Bird Road Albany, NY 12220 phone: (518) 668-4447 Lebanon Spgs., NY 12125 home page: fax: (518) 668-3746 e-mail: [email protected] www.adk-albany.org Submission deadline for the next issue of The Cloudsplitter is August 15, 2016 and will be for the months of October, November and December, 2016. Many thanks to Gail Carr for her cover sketch. September 7 (1st Wednesdays) Business Meeting of Chapter Officers and Committees 6:00 p.m. at Little’s Lake in Menands Chapter members are encouraged to attend - please call James Slavin at 434-4393 There are no Chapter Meetings held during July, August, or September MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN It has been my honor and pleasure to serve as Chapter Chair, along with Frank Dirolf as Vice Chair, for the last two years.
  • List of Animal Species with Ranks October 2017

    List of Animal Species with Ranks October 2017

    Washington Natural Heritage Program List of Animal Species with Ranks October 2017 The following list of animals known from Washington is complete for resident and transient vertebrates and several groups of invertebrates, including odonates, branchipods, tiger beetles, butterflies, gastropods, freshwater bivalves and bumble bees. Some species from other groups are included, especially where there are conservation concerns. Among these are the Palouse giant earthworm, a few moths and some of our mayflies and grasshoppers. Currently 857 vertebrate and 1,100 invertebrate taxa are included. Conservation status, in the form of range-wide, national and state ranks are assigned to each taxon. Information on species range and distribution, number of individuals, population trends and threats is collected into a ranking form, analyzed, and used to assign ranks. Ranks are updated periodically, as new information is collected. We welcome new information for any species on our list. Common Name Scientific Name Class Global Rank State Rank State Status Federal Status Northwestern Salamander Ambystoma gracile Amphibia G5 S5 Long-toed Salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum Amphibia G5 S5 Tiger Salamander Ambystoma tigrinum Amphibia G5 S3 Ensatina Ensatina eschscholtzii Amphibia G5 S5 Dunn's Salamander Plethodon dunni Amphibia G4 S3 C Larch Mountain Salamander Plethodon larselli Amphibia G3 S3 S Van Dyke's Salamander Plethodon vandykei Amphibia G3 S3 C Western Red-backed Salamander Plethodon vehiculum Amphibia G5 S5 Rough-skinned Newt Taricha granulosa
  • Summer 2017 Recently Went Back to the Boreas Ponds, Hauling My Hornbeck the 3.6 Miles to the Dam Since Opening the Road All the Way to the Dam

    Summer 2017 Recently Went Back to the Boreas Ponds, Hauling My Hornbeck the 3.6 Miles to the Dam Since Opening the Road All the Way to the Dam

    Adirondack Mountain Club Keene Valley Chapter I hope you have had a great year. Winter was lovely here with lots of powder for back- country skiing. I was fortunate enough to ski into the Boreas Ponds once this winter. It’s a 6.7 mile ski one way to the dam. It is really a spectacular addition to the Forest Perserve, but these lands are still unclassified by the DEC. There has been much debate since the state purchased them. I Summer 2017 recently went back to the Boreas ponds, hauling my Hornbeck the 3.6 miles to the dam since opening the road all the way to the dam. At this Gulf Brook Rd has reopened for the summer. point I am leaning towards closing the road alto- I’m often asked what my opinion is on the fate of gether. I like the idea of a shorter haul for bring- the Boreas Ponds. Should road access be allowed ing a canoe in, but if it’s too short of a walk, it will all the way to the dam? Should it be allowed to where be a draw for more people. it currently is, with a 3.6 mile walk or bike to the On topic of overuse, it saddens me that dam? Or should it be cut off at Blue Ridge Park- hikers have become so disrespectful that the way? My viewpoint has changed in the past year. owners of Owl’s Head in Keene have decided to Here’s why: We’ve seen an increasing number of close the trail to this popular mountain on week- hikers in the High Peaks.
  • Reduced Net Methane Emissions Due to Microbial Methane Oxidation in a Warmer Arctic

    Reduced Net Methane Emissions Due to Microbial Methane Oxidation in a Warmer Arctic

    LETTERS https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0734-z Reduced net methane emissions due to microbial methane oxidation in a warmer Arctic Youmi Oh 1, Qianlai Zhuang 1,2,3 ✉ , Licheng Liu1, Lisa R. Welp 1,2, Maggie C. Y. Lau4,9, Tullis C. Onstott4, David Medvigy 5, Lori Bruhwiler6, Edward J. Dlugokencky6, Gustaf Hugelius 7, Ludovica D’Imperio8 and Bo Elberling 8 Methane emissions from organic-rich soils in the Arctic have bacteria (methanotrophs) and the remainder is mostly emitted into been extensively studied due to their potential to increase the atmosphere (Fig. 1a). The methanotrophs in these wet organic the atmospheric methane burden as permafrost thaws1–3. soils may be low-affinity methanotrophs (LAMs) that require However, this methane source might have been overestimated >600 ppm of methane (by moles) for their growth and mainte- without considering high-affinity methanotrophs (HAMs; nance23. But in dry mineral soils, the dominant methanotrophs are methane-oxidizing bacteria) recently identified in Arctic min- high-affinity methanotrophs (HAMs), which can survive and grow 4–7 eral soils . Herein we find that integrating the dynamics of at a level of atmospheric methane abundance ([CH4]atm) of about HAMs and methanogens into a biogeochemistry model8–10 1.8 ppm (Fig. 1b)24. that includes permafrost soil organic carbon dynamics3 leads Quantification of the previously underestimated HAM-driven −1 to the upland methane sink doubling (~5.5 Tg CH4 yr ) north of methane sink is needed to improve our understanding of Arctic 50 °N in simulations from 2000–2016. The increase is equiva- methane budgets.
  • Natural Landscapes of Maine a Guide to Natural Communities and Ecosystems

    Natural Landscapes of Maine a Guide to Natural Communities and Ecosystems

    Natural Landscapes of Maine A Guide to Natural Communities and Ecosystems by Susan Gawler and Andrew Cutko Natural Landscapes of Maine A Guide to Natural Communities and Ecosystems by Susan Gawler and Andrew Cutko Copyright © 2010 by the Maine Natural Areas Program, Maine Department of Conservation 93 State House Station, Augusta, Maine 04333-0093 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the authors or the Maine Natural Areas Program, except for inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Illustrations and photographs are used with permission and are copyright by the contributors. Images cannot be reproduced without expressed written consent of the contributor. ISBN 0-615-34739-4 To cite this document: Gawler, S. and A. Cutko. 2010. Natural Landscapes of Maine: A Guide to Natural Communities and Ecosystems. Maine Natural Areas Program, Maine Department of Conservation, Augusta, Maine. Cover photo: Circumneutral Riverside Seep on the St. John River, Maine Printed and bound in Maine using recycled, chlorine-free paper Contents Page Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... 3 Foreword ..................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ...............................................................................................
  • Present-Day Genetic Structure of the Holoparasite Conopholis Americana

    Present-Day Genetic Structure of the Holoparasite Conopholis Americana

    Int. J. Plant Sci. 177(2):132–144. 2016. q 2015 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2016/17702-0003$15.00 DOI: 10.1086/684180 PRESENT-DAY GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE HOLOPARASITE CONOPHOLIS AMERICANA (OROBANCHACEAE) IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA AND THE LOCATION OF ITS REFUGIA DURING THE LAST GLACIAL CYCLE Anuar Rodrigues1,* and Saša Stefanović* *Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada Editor: Félix Forest Premise of research. Understanding how various organisms respond to previous changes in climate could provide insight into how they may respond or adapt to the current changes. Conopholis americana has a broad distribution across eastern North America, covering both previously glaciated and unglaciated regions. In this study, we investigated the postglacial history and phylogeographic structure of this parasitic plant spe- cies to characterize its genetic variation and structure and to identify the number and locations of refugia. Methodology. Molecular data from 10 microsatellite markers and DNA sequences from the plastid gene/ introns (clpP) were obtained for 281 individuals sampled from 75 populations spanning the current range of the species in eastern North America and analyzed using a variety of phylogeographic methods. Distribution modeling was carried out to determine regions with relatively suitable climate niches for populations at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and present. Pivotal results. We inferred the persistence of a minimum of two glacial refugia for C. americana at the LGM, one in north-central Florida and southern Alabama and another in the Appalachian Mountains near the southern tip of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
  • December 2010 - February 2011 Ably Increased

    December 2010 - February 2011 Ably Increased

    Skiing | Running | Hiking | Biking Paddling | Triathlon | Fitness | Travel FREE! DECEMBER 20,000 CIRCULATION CAPITAL REGION • SARATOGA • GLENS FALLS • ADIRONDACKS 2010 bra ele ti C n g ASF HAVING FUN DURING THE CAMP SARATOGA 8K SNOWSHOE RACE AT THE WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE AND PARK IN 2009. PHOTO BY BRIAN TEAGUE Visit Us on the Web! AdkSports.com 2011 SNOWSHOE RACING SEASON by Laura Clark CONTENTS Back to the Future n the Stephen Spielberg trilogy, Back to the Future, a played with all the neighborhood children, albeit in boots, Iteenager travels through time and must correct the and I can’t help but wonder if she had seen it snowshoed ARTICLES & FEATURES results of his interference, lest his present become mere when she was a girl. 1 Running & Walking speculation. While for now this remains mere conjecture, Closer to the spirit of the Northeast’s 2011 Dion it is interesting to note how fluid past, present, and future Snowshoe Series at dionsnowshoes.com for runners and 2011 Snowshoe Racing Preview are even in a pre-time travel era. walkers, however, were New England’s early snowshoe 3 Cross-Country Skiing We all know that prehistoric migrants crossed the clubs. Participants would meet once or twice a week with & Snowshoeing Bering Sea on snowshoes, that early French explorers a different member responsible for selecting the route. At raquetted their way to North American fur trade empires, the halfway mark they would stop at a farmhouse or inn Nordic Ski Centers Ready for Season and that Rogers’ Rangers, the original Special Forces unit, for supper and then hike back by a different path, pref- 9 Alpine Skiing & Snowboarding achieved enviable winter snowshoe maneuverability in erably one which included a fun downhill slide.
  • Évolution Spatio-Temporelle Du Pergélisol Alpin Marginal Au Mont Jacques-Cartier, Massif Des Chic-Chocs, Gaspésie (Qc)

    Évolution Spatio-Temporelle Du Pergélisol Alpin Marginal Au Mont Jacques-Cartier, Massif Des Chic-Chocs, Gaspésie (Qc)

    Université de Montréal Évolution spatio-temporelle du pergélisol alpin marginal au mont Jacques-Cartier, massif des Chic-Chocs, Gaspésie (Qc) par Gautier DAVESNE Département de Géographie Faculté des arts et sciences Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des arts et des sciences en vue de l’obtention du grade de maîtrise en géographie Août 2015 © Gautier Davesne, 2015 ii Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales Ce mémoire intitulé : Évolution spatio-temporelle du pergélisol alpin marginal au mont Jacques-Cartier, massif des Chic- Chocs, Gaspésie (Qc) Présenté par : Gautier Davesne a été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : François Cavayas, président rapporteur Daniel Fortier, directeur de recherche James Gray, membre du jury iii iv Résumé L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’acquérir une connaissance détaillée sur l’évolution spatiale de la température de surface du sol (GST) au mont Jacques-Cartier et sur la réponse thermique de son îlot de pergélisol alpin aux changements climatiques passés et futurs. L’étude est basée sur un ensemble de mesures de température (GST, sous-sol) et de neige, ainsi que des modèles spatiaux de distribution potentielle de la GST et des simulations numériques du régime thermique du sol. Les résultats montrent que la distribution de la GST sur le plateau est principalement corrélée avec la répartition du couvert nival. Au-dessus de la limite de la végétation, le plateau est caractérisé par un couvert de neige peu épais et discontinu en hiver en raison de la topographie du site et l’action des forts vents. La GST est alors couplée avec les températures de l’air amenant des conditions froides en surface.