Facility Requirements
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CHAPTER THREE FACILITY REQUIREMENTS To properly plan for the future of Cox • Runways Field Airport (PRX), it is necessary to • Taxiways translate forecast aviation demand into the • Airfield Design Standards specific types and quantities of facilities • Navigational Approach Aids that can adequately serve this identified • Airfield Lighting, Marking, and Signage demand. In this chapter, existing components of the airport are evaluated Landside facilities are needed for the so that the capacities of the overall interface between air and ground system are identified. Once identified, transportation modes. This includes the existing capacity is compared to the components for general aviation needs forecast activity levels to determine where such as: deficiencies currently exist or may be • General Aviation Terminal Space expected to materialize in the future. Once • Aircraft Hangars deficiencies in a component are identified, • Aircraft Parking Aprons a more specific determination of the • Auto Parking approximate sizing and timing of the new • Airport Support Facilities facilities can be made. The objective of this effort is to identify, As indicated earlier, airport facilities in general terms, the adequacy of the include both airfield and landside existing airport facilities and outline components. Airfield facilities include what new facilities may be needed those that are related to the arrival, and when they may be needed to departure, and ground movement of accommodate forecast demands. aircraft. The components include: Having established these facility require- 3-1 ments, alternatives for providing these area’s aviation demand. It is impor- facilities will be evaluated in Chapter tant that the plan accommodate these Four to determine the most practical, changes so that airport management cost-effective, and efficient direction can respond to unexpected changes in for future development. a timely fashion. These milestones provide flexibility while potentially extending this plan’s useful life if avi- PLANNING HORIZONS ation trends slow over time. Cost-effective, safe, efficient, and or- The most important reason for utiliz- derly development of an airport should ing milestones is that they allow the rely more upon actual demand at an airport to develop facilities according airport than a time-based forecast fig- to need generated by actual demand ure. In order to develop a Master Plan levels. The demand-based schedule that is demand-based rather than provides flexibility in development, as time-based, a series of planning hori- development schedules can be slowed zon milestones has been established or expedited according to actual de- for Cox Field Airport that takes into mand at any given time over the plan- consideration the reasonable range of ning period. The resulting plan pro- aviation demand projections prepared vides airport officials with a financial- in the previous chapter. ly responsible and needs-based pro- gram. Table 3A presents the plan- It is important to consider that the ac- ning horizon milestones for each air- tual activity at any given time at the craft activity category. The planning airport may be higher or lower than milestones of short, intermediate, and projected activity levels. By planning long term generally correlate to the according to activity milestones, the five, ten, and 20-year periods used in resulting plan can accommodate un- the previous chapter. expected shifts or changes in the TABLE 3A Planning Horizon Activity Summary Cox Field Airport 2009 Short Term Intermediate Term Long Term BASED AIRCRAFT Single Engine 46 50 55 66 Multi-Engine 4 4 4 4 Turboprop 0 1 2 3 Jet 5 6 6 8 Helicopter 1 1 1 2 TOTAL BASED AIRCRAFT 56 62 68 83 ANNUAL OPERATIONS Itinerant 3,050 4,600 6,400 9,900 Local 5,000 5,850 8,350 12,750 Total 8,050 10,450 14,750 22,650 PEAKING OPERATIONS Peak Month (10.7% of annual) 861 1,118 1,578 2,424 Busy Day 40 52 74 113 Design Day 29 37 53 81 Design Hour 5 7 9 14 Annual Instrument Approaches N/A 138 256 495 3-2 DESIGN STANDARDS while airplane wingspan primarily re- lates to separation criteria involving The design standards applied to an taxiways, taxilanes, and landside facil- airport are based on the type of air- ities. Table 3B presents the ARC cri- craft with the most demanding Airport teria. Reference Code (ARC) expected to regularly use the facility. Regular use As an example, a Beech King Air 200 is defined in the State of Texas as that with an approach speed of 103 knots aircraft or family of aircraft that will and wingspan of 54.5 feet would have perform at least 250 annual opera- an ARC of B-II, while a larger corpo- tions. rate jet, such as a Cessna 750 Citation X, with an approach speed of 123 knots and a wingspan of 63.6 feet DESIGN AIRCRAFT would have an ARC of C-II. Exhibit 3A presents examples of ARC catego- The ARC, as described in Federal Avi- ries and their corresponding aircraft ation Administration (FAA) Advisory type. Circular (AC) 150/5300-13, Change 16, Airport Design, is a coding system to TABLE 3B help identify and determine the ap- Airport Reference Code propriate design criteria for an indi- Aircraft Approach Category vidual airport. The ARC correlates Category Speed the design and layout of the airport to A < 91 Knots B 91- < 121 Knots the operational and physical characte- C 121- < 141 Knots ristics of the critical design aircraft. D 141- <166 Knots The identified critical design aircraft E >= 166 Knots directly influences pertinent safety Airplane Design Group¹ criteria such as runway length, run- Tail Height Wingspan way width, separation distances, Group (ft) (ft) building setbacks, and the dimensions I < 20 < 49 II 20- < 30 49- < 79 of required safety areas surrounding III 30- < 45 70- < 118 the runway and taxiway system. IV 45- < 60 118- < 171 V 60- < 66 171- < 214 The ARC has two components. The VI 66- < 80 214- < 262 first component, depicted by a letter, Source: FAA AC 150/5300-13, Airport De- is the aircraft approach category, sign which relates to aircraft approach ¹ Utilize the most demanding category. speed (operational characteristic). The second component, depicted by a Roman numeral, is the airplane de- CURRENT CRITICAL AIRCRAFT sign group (ADG) which relates to air- craft wingspan and tail height (physi- As previously discussed, the critical cal characteristics). Generally, air- design aircraft is defined as the most craft approach speed applies to run- demanding category of aircraft which ways and runway-related facilities, conduct 250 or more operations at the 3-3 airport each year. In some cases, number and type of jet aircraft opera- more than one specific make and mod- tions at Cox Field Airport, an analysis el of aircraft comprises the airport’s of instrument flight plan data was critical design aircraft. For example, conducted. Flight plan data was ac- one category of aircraft may be the quired for this study from a private most critical in terms of approach subscription service, Airport IQ. The speed, while another is most critical in data available includes documentation terms of wingspan. Smaller general of instrument flight plans that are aviation piston-powered aircraft with- opened and closed on the ground at in approach categories A and B and the airport. Flight plans that are ADG I and II conduct the majority of opened or closed from the air are not operations at Cox Field Airport. Busi- credited to the airport. Therefore, it is ness turboprops and jets with longer likely that there are more jet opera- wingspans and higher approach tions at the airport that are not cap- speeds also utilize the airport less fre- tured by this methodology. quently. While the airport is used by a number of helicopters, they are not Table 3C presents business jet opera- included in this determination as they tions at Cox Field Airport for the ca- are not assigned an ARC. lendar years 2005 through 2009. The figures include both private aircraft As of April 2010, there were 56 based operators and charter aircraft operat- aircraft at PRX. The majority of these ed under Code of Federal Regulation are single and multi-engine piston- (CFR) Federal Aviation Regulations powered aircraft which fall within ap- FAR Part 135 (primarily fractional proach categories A and B and ADG I. owners and charters). All of these op- There are five jets based at the air- erations would be considered itinerant port; however, two of the five are aged general aviation operations. fighter jet aircraft and one of these jets is not currently operational. The There were a total of 146 business jet remaining three business jets include aircraft operations recorded by Airport two Cessna Citation 525 models and IQ for calendar year 2009. This is one Falcon 50. The Cessna 525s and down from the period high of 300 op- Falcon 50 are all designated as ARC erations recorded in 2005. For each B-II aircraft. As a result, the current year examined, aircraft in the group- critical based aircraft falls in ARC B- ing of ARC B-I and B-II represented II. Next, consideration needs to be the majority of business jet operations. given to itinerant business jet opera- In fact, the ARC B-I and B-II group- tions. ings range from a low of 74 percent to a high of 85 percent of all logged busi- A wide range of transient jet aircraft ness jet operations. The declining operate at the airport. Jet operations trend in business jet operations is a are typically those that will influence definite indicator of the economic re- required airport facilities as the criti- cession and high fuel prices indicative cal aircraft.