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The Cycle of the Life and Passion of Christ in the Bible of Avila

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The Cycle of the Life and Passion of Christ in the Bible of Avila THE CYCLE OF THE LIFE AND PASSION OF CHRIST IN THE BIBLE OF AVILA By MONICA ANN WALKER-VADILLO A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2004 Copyright 2004 by Monica Ann Walker-Vadillo This thesis is dedicated to my family. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank my family for everything they have done to ensure that I get to where I am supposed to be. I also wish to thank the chair of my committee, Dr. David Stanley, who has been my mentor and guide in this project, and to whom I owe the art historian that I have become. I wish to thank my committee member, Dr. Robert Westin, for bringing a new perspective into the project. I would also like to thank La Biblioteca Nacional of Madrid (Spain) for their help in providing me with information and slides of the manuscript. In addition, my thanks go to don Rafael for opening the doors to the church of San Justo and Pastor in Segovia. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 2 ICONOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................13 3 STYLE........................................................................................................................48 4 SOURCES ..................................................................................................................59 5 CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................108 6 FIGURES..................................................................................................................116 LIST OF REFERENCES.................................................................................................174 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ...........................................................................................177 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 1. Initial I with King Asuerus (Esther), detail from the Biblia de Avila, Italy, Rome (?), ca. 1150-1160...................................................................................................116 2. Initial B with King David Playing the Harp, detail from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second half of the 12th century. ...................................................................117 3. Initial A with Prophet Ezra, detail from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second half of the 12th century...................................................................................................117 4. Noah’s Ark, from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second half of the 12th century.......118 5. Noah’s Ark, detail from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second half of the 12th century.............................................................................................................119 6. Noah making a sacrifice, detail from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second half of the 12th century.......................................................................................................119 7. The Baptism of Christ, The Wedding Feast at Cana, The Presentation of Christ at the Temple, The Three Temptations of Christ, from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century. .........................................................................120 8. The Entry of Christ into Jerusalem, The Last Supper, The Last Supper, The Washing of the Feet of the Disciples, from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century. .....................................................................................121 9. The Kiss of Judas, The Crucifixion, and The Deposition and Suicide of Judas, from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century. .....................122 10. The Three Maries at the Tomb, The Harrowing of Hell, The Noli me Tangere, and The Pilgrims of Emmaus, from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century.......................................................................................................123 11. The Supper at Emmaus, The Doubting Thomas, and The Ascension, from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century. ....................................124 12. Second Coming of Christ, from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century.............................................................................................................125 vi 13. Romanesque Spain.................................................................................................126 14. Visigothic pier with scenes from the life of Christ, San Salvador, Toledo............127 15. Hermitage of San Baudelio de Berlanga (Soria), mid-12th century.. .....................128 16. The Journey to Emmaus and Noli me Tangere, plaque from a reliquary from León (León), ca. 1115-1120...................................................................................129 17. The Baptism of Christ, detail from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century.......................................................................................................130 18. Baptism of Christ, Santa Maria de l’Estany (province of Barcelona), first half of the 12th century.......................................................................................................131 19. The Wedding Feast at Cana, detail from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century. .....................................................................................131 20. Marriage at Cana, fragments of plaque from reliquary of San Felices, Northern Spain, ca.1090. .......................................................................................................132 21. The Presentation of Christ at the Temple, detail from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century.. ........................................................................132 22. The Presentation at the Temple, Antiphonal of León.............................................133 23. The Temptations of Christ, detail from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century...................................................................................................133 24. The Temptation of Christ, Puerta de las Platerias, Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña), ca. 1060-1120. ..................................................................................134 25. The Temptations of Christ, Hermitage of San Bauelio de Berlanga (Soria), mid-12th century. ....................................................................................................134 26. Elijah and Enoch dressed as monks, from the Gerona Beatus, 975.......................135 27. Reliquary of Saint Pelagius (detail), from León (León), 1059 or earlier. ..............136 28. The Antichrist’s forces attack the City of God, detail from the Silos Beatus, Monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos (León), 1109.............................................136 29. The Pantheon of the Kings, San Isidoro (León), ca. 1063-1101............................137 30. Church of San Clemente, west façade, Segovia, 12th century................................138 31. Reliquary of Saint Isidore, from León (León), ca. 1063 or earlier.........................139 vii 32. The Entry of Christ into Jerusalem, detail from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century. .........................................................................139 33. The Entry of Christ into Jerusalem, from the shrine for the relics of Saint Aemelius, ca. 1053-1067........................................................................................140 34. The Entry of Christ into Jerusalem, Hermitage of San Baudelio de Berlanga (Soria), mid-12th century. .......................................................................................140 35. Entry of Christ into Jerusalem, church of Santa María l’Estany (province of Barcelona) ..............................................................................................................141 36. The Last Supper, detail from the Biblia de Avila, Spain, second quarter of the 12th century.............................................................................................................141 37. The Last Supper, from the Cathedral of Burgo de Osma, Soria, early 12th century.............................................................................................................142 38. The Last Supper, Hermitage of San Baudelio de Berlanga (Soria), mid-12th century. ....................................................................................................142 39. The Last Supper, from the shrine for the relics of Saint Aemelius, ca. 1053-1067. ........................................................................................................143 40. The Last Supper, from the church of San Justo y Pastor, Segovia, late 12th century.............................................................................................................143 41. The Washing of the Feet
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