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A Killing That Shook the KGB the EARLY Years of the Gorbachev Era Saw a Change in the KGB's Attitude to Terrorism

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A Killing That Shook the KGB the EARLY Years of the Gorbachev Era Saw a Change in the KGB's Attitude to Terrorism How Moscow supported assassinations overseas until Gorbachev came to power A killing that shook the KGB THE EARLY years of the Gorbachev era saw a change in the KGB's attitude to terrorism. Moscow's growing distaste for some of its Third World terrorist associates was particu- larly evident in the case of Colonel Gadaffi. The turning point in that relationship was the demonstration outside the Libyan "Peo- ple's Bureau" in London in April 1984 when Death that disenchanted Moscow: WPC Fletcher and a tribute where she was killed a Libyan intelligence man opened fire and killed WPC Yvonne Fletcher. which refused to have them followed up. were attacking him in the western media. Pravda's report of the shooting was The KGB residency in Dublin was usually Moscow Centre made available the re- unusually frank, but the KGB knew more reluctant to make contact with any illegal sources of a secret KGB laboratory. The first than Pravda told its readers. The day after group because of what it regarded as the near- target was another Bulgarian emigre living in the shooting, the London residency received impossibility of keeping secrets in the Irish England. While on holiday on the Continent, a telegram" from Moscow saying the KGB Republic. Officers of the KGB claimed they surfaces in the room he was using were had reliable information that the shooting could learn a surprising amount merely by smeared with a poison which, once absorbed had been ordered by Gadaffi. An experi- listening to conversations in public houses 'through the skin, would prove fatal and leave enced hitman from the Libyan intelligence frequented by Sinn Fein supporters. Moscow no trace, according to the laboratory. Though station in East Berlin had been flown to was less pleased with the Irish intelligence it the target became seriously ill, he survived. London to oversee the shooting. Thereafter received and, in February 1985, Nikolai A new plan was worked out. The tips of Moscow tended to show some sympathy for Gribin, the head of the Third Department, some umbrellas were adapted to enable them Ronald Reagan's description of Gadaffi as a visited Dublin to try to improve the to inject the victim with a tiny metal pellet "flaky barbarian". residency's performance. By then Moscow containing ricin, a highy toxic poison made Moscow also looked askance at Gadaffi's was making increasing use of Dublin as a from castor oil seeds. Markov, then working willingness to supply money and Soviet bloc training ground for young agents to for the Bulgarian section of the BBC World arms and explosives to the IRA. In the late familiarise them with Irish and British Service, was the first victim. Before he died in Seventies, Moscow took the view that it was life. hospital, he told doctors he had been bumped not responsible for what Gadaffi did with One incident which did involve the KGB into by a stranger on Waterloo Bridge who this material, but by the mid-Eighties it had was the murder of Georgi Markov, a Bulgarian apologised for accidentally prodding him with become concerned about the adverse pub- emigre writer, in London in October 1978. his umbrella. A tiny stab wound and the licity. On a number of occasions, the IRA Some months earlier, the Bulgarian Com- remains of a pellet scarcely larger than a approached KGB officers from London who munist party general secretary, Todor Zhiv- pinhead were found in Markov's right thigh, were in Belfast under journalistic cover. kov, had sought KGB assistance in silencing but by the time of the autopsy the ricin had The approaches were reported to Moscow, emigres like Markov, his former protege, who decomposed. Tomorrow: The spy who came into the cold, or how the KGB shunned Kim Philby 16 THE TIMES MONDAY OCTOBER INSIDE THE KGB Cairncross: the Fifth Almost 20 years of cow, whereethe FCD (the KGB's speculation over the foreign intelligence arm) com- memorates its heroes. identity of the Fifth Deutsch arrived in England with instructions to contact Philby's friend, Guy Burgess, a Man in the KGB spy research student at Trinity Coll- ege, Cambridge, who had already ring inside British begun recruiting a secret "ring of five" to join Comintern's under- intelligence ends ground war against fascism. A more doctrinaire and less today in this second imaginative NKVD controller than Deutsch might well have extract from a book concluded that the flamboyant Burgess, who flaunted his homo- co-written by sexuality at a time when it was still illegal, would be a liability rather Oleg Gordievsky, the top KGB officer and than an asset Deutsch, however, shared Burgess's contempt for British mole who defected to Britain five bourgeois sexual morality. Through Burgess, Deutsch be- came the controller of Donald years ago, and Dr Christopher Andrew Maclean, who entered the Foreign Office in 1935, and of the art histo- he KGB called the five rian Anthony Blunt, then a fellow Cambridge-educated of Trinity College, Cambridge. British agents who It was Blunt who talent-spotted worked for the Soviet the Fifth Man — the Trinity Union "the magnificent undergraduate John Cairncross. Tfive", a title given them after the But for the conspiracy theories release of the film The Magnifi- surrounding the career of Sir cent Seven. Guy Burgess, Donald Roger Hollis, and the other false Maclean, Kim Philby, Anthony trails which confused the media Blunt and the Fifth Man - molehunt in the Eighties, Cairn- identified for the first time today as John Cairncross — formed the most valuable group of moles in KGB history. Kim Philby was the first to begin work for Soviet intelligence. After graduating from Cambridge 15 1990 in the summer of 1933, he spent most of the next year in Vienna, working with the Comintern underground. There he was re- cruited to the NKVD (as the KGB was then known) by the Hungar- ian Teodor Maly, a defrocked Catholic priest turned NKVD illegal- In spring 1934 Philby returned to Britain with instructions from an revealed Maly to penetrate the intelligence services, however long it took him. To act as Philby's controller, Maly sent Arnold Deutsch, an illegal who bad worked for him in Vienna, to live in London posing as a university lecturer carrying out research. Today, portraits of Maly and Deutsch hang in the secret "Memory Room" in Mos- cross might well have been un- injustices of the Depression, he masked as the Fifth Man even entered Glasgow University before Gordievsky provided the where, for two years, he studied clinching evidence. French, German, political econ- Had the KGB been less addicted - omy and English. to the conspiracy theory, it might He then moved to the Conti- have welcomed the confusion nent to improve his languages, generated by the molehunt and the gaining the licence es leitres from damage done by it to the reput- the Sorbonne and winning a ation of MI5, which became the scholarship to Trinity College, butt of numerous jokes suggesting Cambridge. By the time Cairn- 'it was an outstation of the KGB. cross arrived at Trinity to read Instead, there were frequent French and German in October suggestions in Moscow Centre 1934, he was an open communist. that the whole molehunt was some His licence from the Sorbonne sinister British plot. allowed him to skip the first part By the end of the Eighties the of the modern languages degree hunt for the Fifth Man had begun course and graduate with first- to resemble Monty Python's quest class honours and a Cambridge for the holy grail, but throughout BA in only two years. that decade, when a string of One of Caimcross's college books and newspaper stories were supervisors in French literature suggesting Hollis and was Blunt, who gave various others as the him a series of in- Fifth Man, Gordiev- dividual weekly tu- sky already knew his `Cairncross torials (known as identity through his penetrated supervisions). Blunt's researches for the patrician manner and 1980 official history more Marxist intellec- of the KGB, which tualism, apparently gave him access to corridors of aloof from the harsh material showing that power and realities of the class Cairncross was the struggle, jarred on the missing link. intelligence passionate young Although Cairn- than any of Scottish communist. cross is the last of the "I didn't like him," five to be publicly the others' Caimcross said later, identified, he success, "and he didn't like fully penetrated a me." Blunt, however, greater variety of the corridors of talent-spotted him for Burgess, power and intelligence than any of who met Cairncross during one of the other four. In less than a his visits to Cambridge and estab- decade after leaving Cambridge, lished an immediate rapport with he served successively in the him. Foreign Office, the Treasury, the Forty years later, in an inter- private office of a government view in which he concealed most minister, the signals intelligence of his KGB career, Cairncross (sigint) agency GC&CS (the fore- acknowledged that he had found runner of GCHQ), and the SIS. Burgess "fascinating, charming Gordievsky recalls Dmitri Svet- and utterly ruthless". Burgess anko, while head of the British recruited Cairncross as a Corn- desk in the FCD, speaking of intern agent during one of his Cairncross with "awe, admiration visits to Cambridge in 1935 and and respect". Svetanko said; put him in touch with Deutsch. By "Cairncross's achievements were 1936, Cairncross had broken all the equal of any of the five except overt contact with the Communist Philby." party and applied to join the Caimcross was born in 1913 Foreign Office.
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