Vmware ESX Server
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User’s Manual VMware™ ESX Server ™ Version 1.5 Please note that you will always find the most up-to-date technical docu- VMware, Inc. mentation on our Web site at http://www.vmware.com/support/. The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates. 3145 Porter Drive Palo Alto, CA 94304 © 2002 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. VMware, the VMware boxes logo, MultipleWorlds, GSX Server and ESX www.vmware.com Server are trademarks of VMware, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. IBM, xSeries, ServerProven and the e-business logo are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Rev: 20021205 Item: ESX-Q202-004 Table of Contents Introduction and System Requirements __________________________ 11 Introduction and System Requirements ______________________________12 Welcome to VMware ESX Server ____________________________________13 How VMware ESX Server Works __________________________________13 What’s New in Version 1.5 _________________________________________15 System Requirements ____________________________________________17 Server Hardware Requirements __________________________________17 Remote Management Workstation Requirements ___________________19 Supported Guest Operating Systems _____________________________20 Virtual Machine Specifications ___________________________________20 Legacy Devices ______________________________________________21 Technical Support Resources ______________________________________22 The VMware Web Site _________________________________________22 VMware Newsgroups __________________________________________22 Reporting Problems ___________________________________________22 Installing, Configuring and Upgrading ESX Server __________________ 25 Installing, Configuring and Upgrading ESX Server ______________________26 Installing the Software on the Server ________________________________28 Before You Begin _____________________________________________28 Installing VMware ESX Server ____________________________________28 Using the Setup Wizard to Configure Your Server ______________________33 Configuring Storage for Virtual Machine Files _______________________45 Creating a New Virtual Machine ____________________________________59 Installing a Guest Operating System and VMware Tools __________________70 Installing a Guest Operating System in a Virtual Machine ______________70 Migrating VMware Workstation and VMware GSX Server Virtual Machines _71 Installing VMware Tools and the Network Driver in the Guest Operating System _____________________________________________________73 Preparing to Use the Remote Management Software ___________________79 Registering Your Virtual Machines ________________________________79 Installing the Remote Console Software ______________________________81 Windows XP, Windows 2000 or Windows NT 4.0 _____________________81 Linux – RPM Installer __________________________________________81 Linux – Tar Installer ___________________________________________81 www.vmware.com 3 Accepting the Security Certificate from ESX Server _____________________83 Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 ___________________________________83 Netscape Navigator 4.7x on a Windows Management Workstation ______84 Installing Additional Hardware on the Server __________________________86 Installing Hardware for Use by Virtual Machines _____________________86 Installing Hardware for Use by the Console Operating System __________86 Upgrading from a Previous Version of ESX Server _______________________87 Before You Install ESX Server 1.5 _________________________________87 Upgrading from ESX Server 1.1 to ESX Server 1.5 _____________________88 Upgrading from ESX Server 1.0 to ESX Server 1.5 _____________________88 Setting File Permissions on Existing Virtual Disk Files __________________89 Updating Virtual Machine Configurations __________________________90 Running VMware ESX Server ____________________________________ 91 Running VMware ESX Server ______________________________________92 Using the VMware Management Interface ____________________________94 Editing a Virtual Machine’s Configuration Remotely __________________99 Managing the VMware ESX Server File System from the Management Interface ____________________________________________________99 Viewing and Changing VMkernel Settings _________________________104 Deleting a Virtual Machine from the Management Interface __________106 Using Disk Modes ___________________________________________108 Monitoring System Status _____________________________________109 Setting the MIME Type in Netscape Navigator 4.x ___________________111 Setting the MIME Type in Netscape 6 and Mozilla ___________________112 Using the Remote Console _______________________________________114 Starting the Remote Console on Windows ________________________114 Starting the Remote Console on Linux ___________________________114 Running a Virtual Machine Using the Remote Console _______________115 VMware Tools Settings ________________________________________117 Installing New Software Inside the Virtual Machine __________________119 Cutting, Copying and Pasting __________________________________119 Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines ______________________120 Shutting Down a Virtual Machine _______________________________121 Rebooting or Shutting Down the Server ____________________________122 Using SNMP with ESX Server _____________________________________125 Using SNMP to Monitor the Computer Running ESX Server ___________125 Installing and Running the ESX Server SNMP Agent _________________127 4 www.vmware.com Configuring the ESX Server SNMP Agent __________________________129 Configuring SNMP Management Software ________________________131 Configuring SNMP Security ____________________________________132 Using SNMP with Guest Operating Systems _______________________132 VMware ESX Server SNMP Variables ______________________________132 Backing Up Virtual Machines _____________________________________140 Using Tape Drives with VMware ESX Server ________________________140 Backing Up from within a Virtual Machine _________________________140 Backing Up Virtual Machines from the Console Operating System ______141 Using Hardware or Software Disk Snapshots _______________________142 Using Network-based Replication Tools __________________________143 The VMware Guest Operating System Service ________________________144 Synchronizing the Time Between the Guest and Console Operating Systems ___________________________________________________144 Shutting Down and Restarting a Virtual Machine ___________________145 Executing Commands When ESX Server Requests the Guest Service to Halt or Reboot a Virtual Machine ______________________________146 Passing a String from the Console Operating System to the Guest Operating System ___________________________________________147 Guest Operating Systems _____________________________________ 149 Guest Operating Systems ________________________________________150 Installing Guest Operating Systems ________________________________151 Windows 2000 Installation Guidelines ____________________________152 Windows NT Installation Guidelines _____________________________153 Red Hat Linux 7.3 Installation Guidelines __________________________154 Red Hat Linux 7.1 and 7.2 Installation Guidelines ____________________156 Red Hat Linux 7.0 Installation Guidelines __________________________158 Red Hat Linux 6.2 Installation Guidelines __________________________160 SuSE Linux 7.3 Installation Guidelines ____________________________162 FreeBSD 4.5 Installation Guidelines ______________________________164 The VMware Guest Operating System Service ________________________167 Console Operating System and VMkernel ________________________ 169 Console Operating System and VMkernel ___________________________170 Characteristics of the VMware Console Operating System _______________171 Using DHCP for the Console Operating System _____________________171 Loading and Unloading the VMkernel ______________________________173 The VMkernel Loader _________________________________________173 www.vmware.com 5 Configuring Your Server to Use VMkernel Device Modules ______________174 Loading VMkernel Device Modules ______________________________174 VMkernel Module Loader ______________________________________174 Other Information about VMkernel Modules _______________________177 Configuring and Running Virtual Machines ______________________ 179 Configuring and Running Virtual Machines __________________________180 Configuring Virtual Machines _____________________________________181 Using VMkernel Devices ______________________________________182 Recommended Configuration Options ___________________________186 Modifying the SMBIOS UUID ___________________________________187 Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines _________________________190 Setting the Suspend Directory __________________________________190 Enabling Repeatable Resumes __________________________________191 Authentication and Security Features _______________________________193 Authenticating Users _________________________________________193 Default Permissions __________________________________________194 TCP/IP Ports for Management Access ____________________________194 Disks ______________________________________________________ 197 Disks ________________________________________________________198