T 26236-Diplomasi Setengah-Literatur.Pdf
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Michael Malley
T he 7th D evelopment Cabinet: Loyal to a Fault? Michael Malley Five years ago, amid speculation that B. J. Habibie and his allies in the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI) would gain a large number of seats in the cabinet, State Secretary Moerdiono announced that "expertise" would be Soeharto's chief criterion for choosing ministers. This year, despite the economic crisis that enveloped the country, few people even thought to suggest that Soeharto sought the most technically qualified assistants. As the outgoing cabinet's term wore to a close, the jockeying for influence among ministers and their would-be successors emphasized the most important qualification of any who would join the new cabinet: loyalty. As if to diminish any surprise at the lengths he would go to create a cabinet of loyalists, Soeharto fired his central bank chief, Soedradjad Djiwandono, in mid- February, just two weeks before the 6 ^ Development Cabinet's term expired. Together with the finance minister, Mar'ie Muhammad, Soedradjad had worked closely with the International Monetary Fund to reach the reform-for-aid agreements Soeharto signed in October 1997 and January this year. Their support for reforms that would strike directly at palace-linked business interests seems to have upset the president, and neither were expected to retain their posts in the 7 ^ Cabinet. But Soedradjad made the further mistake of opposing the introduction of a currency board system to fix the rupiah's value to that of the US dollar. The scheme's main Indonesian proponents were Fuad Bawazier, one of Mar'ie's subordinates, and Peter Gontha, the principal business adviser to Soeharto's son Bambang Trihatmodjo. -
Indonesia from Its Pre-Independence Origins to Contemporary Democracy
EXPLAINING STATE DEVELOPMENT: INDONESIA FROM ITS PRE-INDEPENDENCE ORIGINS TO CONTEMPORARY DEMOCRACY A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science at the University of Canterbury By Dodik Ariyanto S.IP. (B.A.) Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1998 D.E.A. (Master) l‟Université Montesquieu, Bordeaux IV, 2004 Adviser: Professor Mark Francis, Ph.D. Associate Professor Alexander Tan, Ph.D. Department of Political Science 2010 LIST OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE LIST OF CONTENTS ii LIST OF APPENDICES v ABBREVIATIONS vi DEDICATION x ACKNOWLEDGEMENT xi ABSTRACT xii INTRODUCTION 1 1 TOWARD A FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS 9 1.1. A debate on the idea of state: classic and modern 9 1.2. Developing the ‗modern‘ State: Complexity and 17 capability 1.3. Mechanically developing democratic and dictatorial 28 versions of the State: Indonesia‘s four versions, 1950-2010 1.4. The four versions‘ capabilities: Dealing with 37 Legitimacy, the Military and Political Disorder 2 PRE-INDEPENDENCE ORIGINS OF THE FIRST 39 VERSION OF THE STATE 2.1. Disunited nationalism versus the ―Unity in diversity‖ 40 2.2. Polarization of perspectives among elites 47 2.3. Two competing models of constitution: the shari‘a 51 versus secularism 2.4. Mixed constitution: The middle way 60 ii 3 SEEKING LEGAL LEGITIMACY 68 3.1. Version I : Post-colonial attempt of democratic 68 legal legitimacy 3.2. Version II : Sukarno‘s charismatic legitimacy 74 3.3. Version III : Suharto‘s claim to performance 80 legitimacy 3.4. Version IV : Democratic legal legitimacy 93 3.5. Conclusion 100 4 THE MILITARY AND THE STATE 104 4.1. -
The Politics of Protest Events
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Artror, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0000 UMI’ DEMOCRATIZATION FROM BELOW PROTEST EVENTS AND REGIME CHANGE DSr INDONESIA 1997-1998 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in The Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Denny J. Ali The Ohio State University 2001 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor R. -
Dimas Ziqi P
DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember KETERLIBATAN MILITER DALAM POLITIK PEMERINTAHAN INDONESIA TAHUN 1958-1998 HALAMAN JUDUL SKRIPSI Oleh: Dimas Ziqi Prasetiadi NIM 160210302073 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2020 DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember KETERLIBATAN MILITER DALAM POLITIK PEMERINTAHAN INDONESIA TAHUN 1958-1998 SKRIPSI Diajukan guna memenuhi tugas akhir dan syarat untuk menyelesaikan program pendidikan strata satu (S1) pada program studi Pendidikan Sejarah dan mencapai gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Oleh: Dimas Ziqi Prasetiadi NIM 160210302073 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH JURUSAN PENDIDIAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2020 i DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember PERSEMBAHAN Skripsi ini dipersembahkan untuk: 1. Ibunda Supiarti dan Almarhum Ayahanda Sumadi tercinta yang selalu memberikan kasih sayang dan untaian doanya; 2. Guru-guru sejak Taman Kanak-Kanak hingga Sekolah Menengah Atas dan Bapak/Ibu Dosen yang telah membimbing, mengajarkan, dan membekali ilmu pengetahuan dengan penuh kesabaran, keikhlasan, dan tanggungjawab; 3. Almamater Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Jember. HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ii DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember MOTTO “Yang lebih penting dari politik adalah kemanusiaan.” (Abdurrahman Wahid)1 HALAMAN -
Tempo Edisi Khusus Soeharto 1
TEMPO EDISI KHUSUS SOEHARTO Daftar isi 1. Setelah Dia Pergi .................................................................................................... 1 2. Legasi Tak Berujung ............................................................................................... 3 3. Dari Istana ke Astana .............................................................................................. 6 4. Rumah Soeharto yang Akan Datang ......................................................................... 10 5. Tanpa Muara di Jalan Hukum ................................................................................. 13 6. Catatan Kelam dari Gedung Putih ........................................................................... 16 7. Habis Manis Sepah Dibuang ................................................................................... 18 8. Madu dan Racun, Sepuluh Tahun Lalu .................................................................... 22 9. Kelompok 14 dari Taman Surapati ........................................................................... 28 10. Di Ujung Kekuasaan Soeharto ................................................................................. 32 11. Tak Roboh Diterpa Badai ....................................................................................... 35 12. Kisah Dua Prajurit .................................................................................................. 39 13. Enam dari Generasi Ketiga .....................................................................................