Transitioning to Alternative Fuel Vehicles a Feasibility Study for the City of Arcadia

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Transitioning to Alternative Fuel Vehicles a Feasibility Study for the City of Arcadia UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs Applied Policy Report Transitioning to Alternative Fuel Vehicles A Feasibility Study for the City of Arcadia Gabriela Cardozo Janet Cuanas Vicky Hsu Debbie Iamranond *Image Source: http://www.freegreatpicture.com/files/141/20194-green-cars.jpg Acknowledgements We would like to thank our advisor, Professor Mark Kleiman, for his guidance and support throughout the year. We would also like to thank Professor Martin Wachs and Professor Mark Peterson at the Luskin School of Public Affairs for their advice and feedback. We would like to extend a special thank you to the Luskin Center of Innovation for their generous grant and expertise. We would like to acknowledge Professor JR DeShazo, Professor Brett Williams, Susan Woodward, and Colleen Callahan. We are grateful for our client, the City of Arcadia, for making this project possible and providing us with valuable information. Specifically, thank you to Carmen Masud (Management Analyst), Dave McVey (General Services Superintendent), Dominic Lazzaretto (City Manager), Ken Herman (Deputy Public Works Services Director), and Linda Garcia (Communications, Marketing and Special Projects Manager). Finally, we are appreciative of the field experts we interviewed including Josh Boone (Senior Manager of Business Development and Programs at the PEV Collaborative) and Cris Liban (DEO Environmental Compliance and Services Department at LA Metro). Disclaimer This report was prepared in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master in Public Policy degree in the Department of Public Policy at the University of California, Los Angeles. It was prepared at the direction of the Department and of the City of Arcadia as a policy client. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department, the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, UCLA as a whole, or the client. ii Abbreviations AFDC – Alternative Fuels Data Center AFV – Alternative Fuel Vehicle AQI – Air Quality Index AQIP – Air Quality Improvement Program ARFVTP – Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle CARB – California Air Resources Board CCSE – California Center for Sustainable Energy CEC – California Energy Commission CNG – Compressed Natural Gas CVRP – Clean Vehicle Rebate Project DOE – Department of Energy DOT – Department of Transportation EFMP – Enhanced Fleet Modernization Program EIA – Energy Information Administration EPA – Environmental Protection Agency EV – Electric Vehicle GGE – Gasoline Gallon Equivalent GHG –Greenhouse gas GIS – Geographic Information Systems GMC – General Motors Corporation HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle HP – Horsepower HVIP – Hybrid and Zero-Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project ICE – Internal Combustion Engine ICEV – Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle KBB – Kelley Blue Book LCA – Life-cycle Cost Analysis LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas MPG – Miles per gallon MSRP – Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price NHTSA – National Highway Traffic Safety Administration PEV – Plug-in Electric Vehicle PHEV – Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle PWSD – Public Works Services Department SCAQMD – South Coast Air Quality Management District ZEV – Zero-emission Electric Vehicle iii Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 2 Existing Policies.................................................................................................................. 4 The Client............................................................................................................................ 4 The Current Fleet ................................................................................................................ 5 Vehicle Maintenance and Repair ........................................................................................ 5 The City’s Drivers............................................................................................................... 6 Leasing and Conversion Options ........................................................................................ 6 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 7 Assumptions................................................................................................................................... 8 Local Fueling Infrastructure ..................................................................................................... 10 Battery Electric Vehicles ............................................................................................................ 12 Basic Information (Including Benefits & Considerations) ............................................... 12 Sources .............................................................................................................................. 13 Vehicle Conversions ......................................................................................................... 13 Vehicle Maintenance & Safety Concerns ......................................................................... 14 Laws .................................................................................................................................. 14 Hybrids and Plug-In Hybrids .................................................................................................... 15 Basic Information (Including Benefits and Considerations) ............................................ 15 Sources .............................................................................................................................. 16 Vehicle Conversions ......................................................................................................... 16 Vehicle Maintenance & Safety Concerns ......................................................................... 16 Laws .................................................................................................................................. 17 Compressed Natural Gas ........................................................................................................... 18 Basic Information (Including Benefits & Considerations) ............................................... 18 Sources .............................................................................................................................. 20 Vehicle Conversion ........................................................................................................... 21 Vehicle Maintenance & Safety Concerns ......................................................................... 21 Laws .................................................................................................................................. 21 Incentives to Use Alternative Fuel Vehicles .............................................................................. 23 Local Level ....................................................................................................................... 23 State Level ........................................................................................................................ 23 Federal Level .................................................................................................................... 24 Evaluative Criteria...................................................................................................................... 25 Cost ................................................................................................................................... 26 Discount Rate ........................................................................................................ 27 City’s Vehicle Performance Requirements ....................................................................... 28 Reliability .......................................................................................................................... 28 Results .......................................................................................................................................... 31 iv Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 33 Sedans ............................................................................................................................... 33 SUVs ................................................................................................................................. 34 Light-Duty and Medium-Duty Pickup Trucks .................................................................. 34 Diagnostic Software Recommendation............................................................................. 35 Sensitivity Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 36 Fuel Prices ......................................................................................................................... 36 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 39 Sources ........................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Penndot Fact Sheet
    FACT SHEET Van/Mini-Van Titling and Registration Procedures PURPOSE This fact sheet explains the titling and registration procedures for van and mini-van type vehicles being titled and registered in Pennsylvania. DEFINITIONS Motor home: A motor vehicle designed or adapted for use as mobile dwelling or office; except a motor vehicle equipped with a truck-camper. Passenger Car: A motor vehicle, except a motorcycle, designed primarily for the transportation of persons and designed for carrying no more than 15 passengers including the driver and primarily used for the transportation of persons. The term includes motor vehicles which are designed with seats that may be readily removed and reinstalled, but does not include such vehicles if used primarily for the transportation of property. Truck: A motor vehicle designed primarily for the transportation of property. The term includes motor vehicles designed with seats that may be readily removed and reinstalled if those vehicles are primarily used for the transportation of property. GENERAL RULE Van and mini-van type vehicles are designed by vehicle manufacturers to be used in a multitude of different ways. Many vans are designed with seats for the transportation of persons much like a normal passenger car or station wagon; however, some are manufactured for use as a motor home, while others are designed simply for the transportation of property. Therefore, the proper type of registration plate depends on how the vehicle is to be primarily used. The following rules should help clarify the proper procedures required to title and register a van/mini-van: To register as a passenger car - The van/mini-van must be designed with seating for no more than 15 passengers including the driver, and used for non-commercial purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Chrysler 300C Krystal-Coach
    CHRYSLER 300C KRYSTAL-COACH Style & allure A hearse can be so nice and stylish... the Chrysler 300C Krystal-Coach. CHRYSLER 300C KRYSTAL-COACH Better off with Marc van Ravensteijn Hearse and Limo Company Funeral mobility is a distinct pro- fession. The funeral sector has completely different require- ments than any other business and personal transport. At Marc van Ravensteijn The Hearse and Limo Company we have gone Exceptional... into the requirements and wishes of funeral organisation in depth, The Chrysler 300C like no other. The result of this is This new hearse version of the Hearse and Limo Company are great attention to design, details Chrysler 300C has a striking their importer for Europe. The and durability. And that translates and stylish profile, which gives hearse based on the Chrysler itself into a carefully put together the vehicle a very fresh and spe- 300C is available with a 3.5 offer of new and used American cial appearance. Krystal-Coach litre V6 petrol engine. But it can hearses, including those made by takes care of the design and also be supplied with perma- Chrysler. American funeral cars building. And that means added nent all-wheel drive (AWD), as are known to be robust, extremely value, as Krystal-Coach builds an option supplied with the 3.5. stylish and timeless. And all of more than 1,500 (!) limousines An exceptional hearse in the this is true for the Chrysler 300C a year in America. This makes funeral sector, meant for fune- Krystal-Coach. You can read all them the most successful buil- ral directors who really want to about it in this flyer.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Fuels, Vehicles & Technologies Feasibility
    ALTERNATIVE FUELS, VEHICLES & TECHNOLOGIES FEASIBILITY REPORT Prepared by Eastern Pennsylvania Alliance for Clean Transportation (EP-ACT)With Technical Support provided by: Clean Fuels Ohio (CFO); & Pittsburgh Region Clean Cities (PRCC) Table of Contents Analysis Background: .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.0: Introduction – Fleet Feasibility Analysis: ............................................................................................... 3 2.0: Fleet Management Goals – Scope of Work & Criteria for Analysis: ...................................................... 4 Priority Review Criteria for Analysis: ........................................................................................................ 4 3.0: Key Performance Indicators – Existing Fleet Analysis ............................................................................ 5 4.0: Alternative Fuel Options – Summary Comparisons & Conclusions: ...................................................... 6 4.1: Detailed Propane Autogas Options Analysis: ......................................................................................... 7 Propane Station Estimate ......................................................................................................................... 8 (Station Capacity: 20,000 GGE/Year) ........................................................................................................ 8 5.0: Key Recommended Actions – Conclusion
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Truck 2
    City of Waterville DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS 6 Wentworth Court Waterville, Maine 04901-4892 TEL (207) 680-4744 FAX (207) 877-7532 REQUEST FOR BIDS One-Half Ton 4 x 4 DOUBLE CAB PICKUP TRUCK DATE: March 31, 2020 INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS 1. GENERAL: The City of Waterville is accepting bids for a 1/2 Ton 4 Wheel Drive Double Cab Pickup Truck meeting the specifications accompanying this document. 2. BID SUBMITTAL: Sealed bids will be accepted by the Office of the Director of Public Works, 6 Wentworth Court, Waterville, Maine 04901 up to and including 11:00 A.M. local time, Tuesday, April 28, 2020 at which time they will be publicly opened and read. All bids will be placed in a sealed envelope clearly marked "Bid – 4 WD Double Cab Pickup Truck" in the center with the bidder's name and address in the upper left-hand corner. Bids not dated and time stamped by the Office of the Director of Public Works prior to the specified date and time stated above will be returned unopened. Facsimile or email bids will only be accepted by arrangement with the Office of the Director of Public Works. Arrangements may be made by contacting Frederick Dechaine at (207) 680-4746, [email protected] or by faxing him directly at (207) 877-7532. 3. WITHDRAWAL OR REVISION OF BID: A bidder may withdraw or revise a bid after it has been received by the Office of the Director of Public Works, provided the request is made in writing or in person before the time set for bid opening.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomass Basics: the Facts About Bioenergy 1 We Rely on Energy Every Day
    Biomass Basics: The Facts About Bioenergy 1 We Rely on Energy Every Day Energy is essential in our daily lives. We use it to fuel our cars, grow our food, heat our homes, and run our businesses. Most of our energy comes from burning fossil fuels like petroleum, coal, and natural gas. These fuels provide the energy that we need today, but there are several reasons why we are developing sustainable alternatives. 2 We are running out of fossil fuels Fossil fuels take millions of years to form within the Earth. Once we use up our reserves of fossil fuels, we will be out in the cold - literally - unless we find other fuel sources. Bioenergy, or energy derived from biomass, is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels because it can be produced from renewable sources, such as plants and waste, that can be continuously replenished. Fossil fuels, such as petroleum, need to be imported from other countries Some fossil fuels are found in the United States but not enough to meet all of our energy needs. In 2014, 27% of the petroleum consumed in the United States was imported from other countries, leaving the nation’s supply of oil vulnerable to global trends. When it is hard to buy enough oil, the price can increase significantly and reduce our supply of gasoline – affecting our national security. Because energy is extremely important to our economy, it is better to produce energy in the United States so that it will always be available when we need it. Use of fossil fuels can be harmful to humans and the environment When fossil fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Commercialization and Deployment at NREL: Advancing Renewable
    Commercialization and Deployment at NREL Advancing Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency at Speed and Scale Prepared for the State Energy Advisory Board NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Management Report NREL/MP-6A42-51947 May 2011 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email: mailto:[email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Evolution of Light Commercial Vehicles' Market
    POLITECNICO DI TORINO Department of Management and Production Engineering Master of science course in Engineering and Management Master thesis Future evolution of light commercial vehicles’ market Concept definition for 2025 Academic supervisor: Prof. Ing. Marco Cantamessa Company supervisor: Ing. Franco Anzioso Candidate: Valerio Scabbia Academic year 2017/2018 To my parents 2 1 Introduction .......................................................................... 5 2 Methodology and aim of the work ....................................... 6 2.1 Structure……….……………………………………………...…...6 3 Definitions ............................................................................ 7 3.1 Market segments .......................................................................... 7 3.2 Technologies ................................................................................ 9 4 Light commercial vehicles market ..................................... 10 4.1 Definition of LCV ...................................................................... 10 4.2 Customer segmentation .............................................................. 11 4.3 Operating costs .......................................................................... 13 5 Trends… ............................................................................. 14 5.1 Macro Trends ............................................................................. 15 5.2 Regulations ................................................................................ 18 5.3 Sustainability ............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Sustainable Aviation Fuels with Emission
    energies Article Overview of Sustainable Aviation Fuels with Emission Characteristic and Particles Emission of the Turbine Engine Fueled ATJ Blends with Different Percentages of ATJ Fuel Paula Kurzawska * and Remigiusz Jasi ´nski Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The following article focuses on sustainable aviation fuels, which include first and second generation biofuels and other non-biomass fuels that meet most of environmental, operational and physicochemical requirements. Several of the requirements for sustainable aviation fuels are discussed in this article. The main focus was on researching the alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) alternative fuel. The tests covered the emission of harmful gaseous compounds with the Semtech DS analyzer, as well as the number and mass concentration of particles of three fuels: reference fuel Jet A-1, a mixture of Jet A-1 and 30% of ATJ fuel, and mixture of Jet A-1 and 50% of ATJ fuel. The number concentration of particles allowed us to calculate, inter alia, the corresponding particle number index and particle mass index. The analysis of the results made it possible to determine the effect of the content of alternative fuel in a mixture with conventional fuel on the emission of harmful exhaust compounds and the concentration of particles. One of the main conclusion is that by using a 50% blend of ATJ Citation: Kurzawska, P.; Jasi´nski,R. Overview of Sustainable Aviation and Jet A-1, the total number and mass of particulate matter at high engine loads can be reduced by Fuels with Emission Characteristic almost 18% and 53%, respectively, relative to pure Jet A-1 fuel.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction of Biodiesel to Rail Transport: Lessons from the Road Sector
    sustainability Article Introduction of Biodiesel to Rail Transport: Lessons from the Road Sector Charlotte Stead 1,*, Zia Wadud 1,2, Chris Nash 2 and Hu Li 1 1 School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (H.L.) 2 Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 October 2018; Accepted: 1 February 2019; Published: 11 February 2019 Abstract: Biodiesel is a potentially low-carbon, renewable alternative fuel to diesel, sharing similar chemical and physical properties to diesel. There have been significant efforts in introducing primarily bioethanol and some biodiesel to the road transport sector, with varying levels of success. However, the rail sector has not seen as large an effort in introducing biodiesel. This paper summarizes the literature on the introduction of biodiesel (bioethanol was a relevant fuel) in order to learn lessons, which can be applied to the rail transport sector. A decision-making framework PESTLE (Political/Policies, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) is used to analyze these lessons, and their relevance (or not) to the rail sector. While introduction of biodiesel in the rail sector has some inherent advantages, such as fewer refueling points, customers and manufacturers compared to the road sector, it also faces some challenges, especially in the context of the longer life of locomotives, making fleet turnover and potential transition to 100% biodiesel slow. Additionally, maintenance costs are still uncertain. Keywords: lessons learned; biodiesel; alternative energy; transport sector; rail; PESTLE 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 NEMPA Winter Drive Awards
    Contact: Darren Jacobs Trevor Dorchies Ron Kiino Ram 1500 TRX Captures Official Winter Pickup Truck of New England Crown; Chrysler Pacifica and Jeep® Gladiator Earn Class Honors at NEMPA Winter Vehicle Driving Event 2021 Ram 1500 TRX, in its first year of eligibility, named Official Winter Pickup Truck of New England at annual New England Motor Press Association (NEMPA) winter vehicle competition 2021 Chrysler Pacifica, now with all-wheel-drive capability, takes People Mover best-in-class honors 2021 Jeep® Gladiator named Mid-size Pickup Truck class winner Winners chosen by jurors representing print, television, digital and radio media outlets from Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont July 21, 2021, Auburn Hills, Mich. - The 2021 Ram 1500 TRX has been named Official Winter Pickup Truck of New England while the 2021 Chrysler Pacifica and 2021 Jeep® Gladiator earned class honors at the annual New England Motor Press Association (NEMPA) winter vehicle competition. "The Ram 1500 TRX earned the top spot as the overall winner,'' said John Paul, President, New England Motor Press Association. "The mighty TRX is designed to handle the harshest conditions, including snow, and satisfies the New England motorist in every detail from its supercharged engine to its 35-inch tires. The Jeep Gladiator doesn’t just handle New England winters, it dominates them, which is why it’s a favorite and repeat winner in taking NEMPA honors. Chrysler Pacifica now offers true all-wheel-drive that can handle not just New England winters, but with its full suite of safety features, further adds to driver and passenger safety.
    [Show full text]
  • Funeral Transport Collection Funeral Transport Collection
    Funeral Transport Collection Funeral Transport Collection The final journey can be an emotional and poignant part of the service and often families look to personalise this by selecting a vehicle to reflect the life and passions of their loved one. From a traditional hearse, a majestic horse drawn carriage through to a motorcycle, we have a wide range of transport options available to help you create a unique and fitting tribute. OrderHorse ofDrawn service Hearse A cortège led by a horse drawn hearse creates an air of opulence, along with traditional style and elegance. We can provide a selection of black or white horses with a beautiful glass-sided hearse. Mourning coaches are also available and come in a choice of black or white. Black Glass-Sided Hearse Pair of horses £1120 Pair of horses with an outrider £1435 Team of horses (4) £1695 Pick-axe of horses (5) £2115 OrderHorse ofDrawn service Hearse White Glass-Sided Hearse Pair of horses £1120 Pair of horses with an outrider £1540 Team of horses (4) £1800 Black Mourning Coach White Mourning Coach £945 £995 OrderVintage of Lorry service Hearse 1950 Leyland Beaver £1,590 The vintage lorry hearse is a distinctive and fitting tribute if you are looking to add an individual touch to your loved one’s final journey. This beautiful red and blue 1950 Leyland Beaver is a colourful option with a special plinth on the back for the coffin and flower tributes. OrderVintage of Lorry service Hearse 1929 Guy Lorry £1,530 The classic 1929 Guy Lorry provides a unique and dignified means of transportation for your loved one on their special journey.
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential of Liquid Biofuels in Reducing Ship Emissions
    WORKING PAPER 2020-21 © 2020 INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLEAN TRANSPORTATION SEPTEMBER 2020 The potential of liquid biofuels in reducing ship emissions Authors: Yuanrong Zhou, Nikita Pavlenko, Dan Rutherford, Ph.D., Liudmila Osipova, Ph.D., and Bryan Comer, Ph.D. Keywords: maritime shipping, International Maritime Organization, GHGs, alternative fuels, climate change, life-cycle assessment, biofuels SUMMARY This study explores the potential contribution from different biofuel pathways in achieving the emissions reduction targets set by the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) initial greenhouse gas (GHG) strategy. We screen a variety of potential liquid alternative fuels based on qualitative criteria, assess the potential GHG and air-pollution benefits of key candidates compared with distillate bunker fuel, and then discuss the compatibility of these fuels with marine engines. We also consider other barriers to their use, including feedstock availability, cost, and competition with other sectors. Of the fuels and feedstocks assessed, we identified five liquid biofuels with the potential to reduce shipping GHG emissions on a well-to-wake, life-cycle basis relative to conventional, distillate marine fuels: 1. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel produced from waste fats, oils, and greases (FOGs) 2. Hydrotreated renewable diesel produced from waste FOGs 3. Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel produced from lignocellulosic biomass 4. Dimethyl ether (DME) generated by gasifying lignocellulosic feedstocks followed by catalytic synthesis 5. Methanol generated by gasifying lignocellulosic feedstocks followed by catalytic synthesis Overall, we find that feedstock is more important than conversion technology in www.theicct.org determining a fuel pathway’s GHG reductions. Additionally, regardless of feedstock, all fuels investigated will reduce particulate air pollution, and this is primarily due to their [email protected] low sulfur content relative to conventional marine fuels.
    [Show full text]