University Journal of Creativity and Innovative Research 2020 Vol-01 Issue-01

Taxonomic Study on Some Species of Angiosperms Found in Myingyan Degree College Campus, Myingyan Township

Tin Tin Maw San San Aye Yee Yee Win Myingyan Degree College Yadanabon University Banmaw University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] m

Abstract 2. Materials and Methods

The present paper deals with taxonomic study on were collected from Myingyan Degree some species growing in Myingyan Degree College College Campus during June to August 2019. All the Campus, Myingyan Township. Some species of collected specimens were recorded by color photograph flowering plants were collected from June to August during flowering period. These specimens were kept 2019. Among them, (8) species belonging to (8) genera immediately into plastic bags to identify and classify from (7) families were recorded, identified and systematically. All collected specimens are identified by classified. The morphological characters of these the literature: Flora of British India [6], Flora of Java [1], species were also described with Scientific names, Flora of Ceylon [4]. All the resulting specimens were Myanmar names, English names, family. systematically arranged into families according to the classification system of APG IV system [2]. Genera and Keywords: Taxonomic, Myingyan Degree College, species were also arranged by alphabetically. The Identified artificial key to all the studied species had also been constructed. 1. Introduction Finally, the specimens were mounted together with a label and field data on a herbarium sheet. The herbarium Taxonomic study is the learning of the kinds of specimens had been systematically arranged and they plants on the earth and their names distribution and were kept in the Herbarium at Botany Department, habitat characteristics. All these products of taxonomic Myingyan Degree College. research add to the resources of an area, to studies on land potentials, to evaluations of resources of raw 3. Results materials possibly studied to main needs in a multiplicity of activities. In this research, 8 species belonging to 8 genera of 7 The flowering plants, known scientifically as the families under class Eudicot (Dicotyledone) shown in class Angiospermae, are the dominant group at vascular Table (1). The taxonomic characterization of all plants an earth today. Not only are the flowering plants identified species in Myingyan Degree College, the largest and most successful group today but Myingyan Township were recorded. they are of fundamental importance to the life and survival of man [3]. Table 1. List of collected species Myanmar is exceptionally rich in plant biodiversity, Group Order Family No. Scientific name Ranunculales Papaveraceae 1. Argemone but during the last-half century very few new plant mexicana L. collections have been made in the area [8]. About 7,000 2. javanica L. species are included in the book of , shrubs, herbs 3. Clitoria ternatea L. and principal climbers etc [7]. Recently, the revised checklist of Myanmar [8] contains 273 families, 2371 Sapindales Meliaceae 4. Melia azedarach L. genera, and over 4,800 species. Malvales Malvaceae 5. Pavonia odorata The present study deals with the number of growing Willd. in Myingyan Degree College. This area lies between Brassicales Cleomaceae 6. Cleome viscosa L. North latitudes 21°25'22.3" and East longitudes Gentianales Apocynaceae 7. solanacea 95°22'27.2". (Roth) Kuntze. The aims of this investigation to identify and classify the some flowering plants from Myingyan Degree 8. tuberosa L. College Campus to describe the morphological characters of Angiosperms from study area, to Argemone mexicana L., Sp. Pl. 508. 1753. (Figure 1. contribute the valuable taxonomic information for A) further scientific research and to provide partially Myanmar name : Kha ya; Kone kha ya fulfillment in flora of Myingyan Township. English name : Mexican poppy, Prickly poppy Family name : Papaveraceae

374

University Journal of Creativity and Innovative Research 2020 Vol-01 Issue-01

Annual, erect herb, prickly, stems and branches about 1.0 cm long; keels ovate-oblong, 3.5-4.5 mm long. terete, glabrous, latex yellow, foetid, bitter. Leaves Stamens 10, diadelphous; filaments filiform; anthers simple, alternate; exstipulate; petiole sessile; blades dithecous, uniform, dorsifixed, dehiscing by oblong- ovate to elliptic-oblong, 10.0-15.0 cm by 2.5-5.0 longitudinal slit. Carpel 1; ovary superior, linear, cm, subamplexical at the base, spinulose-dentate at the unilocular with few ovules on the marginal placentae; margin, acute at the apex, irregular pannatifid with style terminal; stigma globose. Pods linear, flat, white prickles on the nerves of both surfaces. dehiscent, glabrous, 7-10 seeded. Seeds suborbicular, Inflorescences terminal solitary cymes. Flowers bisexual, compressed, brown, non-endospermic. actinomorphic, hexamerous, hypogynous, bright yellow, Melia azedarach L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1: 384. 1753. (Figure 1. 3.0-4.0 cm in diameter; pedicellate; bracteate; D) ebracteolate. Sepals 3, free, oblong, concave, spinous Myanmar name : Pantama; without, glabrous within. Petals 6, in 2 whorls, free, Thin baw pantama obovate, glabrous. Stamens numerous, free inserted; English name : Bead trees filaments filiform; anthers dithecous, basifixed, Family name : Meliaceae longitudinal dehiscing. Carpels 4-6, fused; ovary Perennial, trees; stems and branches terete, glabrous. superior, ovoid, unilocular with numerous ovules on the Leaves bipinnately compound, imparipinnate, alternate, parietal placentae; style subsessile; stigma 5-lobed. exstipulate; petiolate, pulvinous; leaflets 3 to 7-paired; Fruits capsular oblongoid, dehiscing apically by 3 to 7 blade ovate or oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, 3.0-5.0 cm valves, many-seeded. Seeds subspherical, blackish, by 1.0-2.5 cm, acute to oblique at the base, serrate along endospermic. the margin, acute to acuminate at the apex, glabrous on Cassia javanica L., Sp. Pl. 379. 1753. (Figure 1. B) both surfaces. Inflorescences axillary paniculate cyme, Myanmar name : Ngu sat many-flowered. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, English name : Pink and white, pentamerous, hypogynous, lilac or bluish, about 1.0 cm Shower in diameter; pedicellate; bracteate; ebracteolate. Calyx Family name : Fabaceae 5-lobed, campanulate; tomentose. Petals 5, free, oblong- Perennial, deciduous trees; stems and branches terete, ovate, pubescent. Stamens 10, monadelphous, exserted; densely pubescent when young. Leaves unipinnate- staminal tube 1.0-2.0 mm long, alternate with the compound, paripinnate, alternate; stipulate; petiolate; staminode; anthers dithecous, basifixed, dehiscing by leaflets 10- to 18-paired, oblong, 2.0-3.5 cm by 1.0-1.3 longitudinal slit. Carpels 5, fused; ovary superior, ovoid, cm, obtuse at the base, entire along the margin, pentalocular with one ovule in each locule on the axile mucronate at the apex, pubescent on both surfaces. placentae; style terminal; stigma capitate. Fruits Inflorescences axillary or terminal raceme, many- drupaceous, rounded, glabrous. Seeds rounded, black, flowered. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, pentamerous, smooth, endospermic. hypogynous, pink, fragrant, showy, pedicellate; bracteate, persistent; ebracteolate. Sepals 5, free, ovate, Pavonia odorata Willd., Sp. Pl. 837. 1800. (Figure 2. unequal, pubescent. Petals 5, free, ovate-oblong, A) tomentose. Stamens 10, 7 fertile, free, inserted; filament Myanmar name : Ba lar unequal in length; anthers dithecous, basifixed, English name : Unknown dehiscing by apical pores; staminodra 3. Carpel 1; ovary Family name : Malvaceae superior, linear, curved, unilocular with many ovules on Annual, erect herbs; stems and branches terete, the marginal placentae; style terminal, curved; stigma glandulary hairy. Leaves simple, alternate; stipulate; simple. Pod terete, indehiscent, brownish-black, many- petiolate; blades ovate, suborbicular 3.0-4.0 cm by 2.0- seeded. Seeds ovate, embedded in brown pulp, non- 2.5 cm, shallowly 3-lobed, subcordate, dentate along the endospermic. margin, acute at the apex, stellate hairy on both surfaces. Clitoria ternatea L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1:753. 1753. (Figure 1. Inflorescences axillary and solitary cyme. Flowers C) bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous, Myanmar name : Aung me nyo pinkish-white, 1.0-1.5 cm in diameter, morning English name : Butterfly pea; Blue pea bloomer; pedicellate; epicalyx segments 10-14, linear- Family name : Fabaceae filiform, hairy. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, glabrous. Annual, twining herbs; stems and branches terete, Corolla rotate, 5-lobed, glabrous. Stamens numerous, pubescent. Leaves unipinnately compound, monadelphous, exserted; filament linear; anthers imparipinnate, alternate; stipulate; petiolate; leaflets 5 or monothecous, dorsifixed, dehiscing by longitudinal slit. 7, ovate-oblong, 2.5-3.5 cm by 2.0-2.5 cm, obtuse at the Carpels 5, fused; ovary superior, globoid, pentalocular base, entire along the margin, obtuse at the apex, with one ovule in each locule on the axile placentae; pubescent on both surfaces. Inflorescences axillary and style filiform; stigmatic branches 10, capitate. Fruits solitary cymes. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, schizocarpic, globoid, mericarps 5, 5-seeded, pubescent. pentamerous, hypogynous, bright blue, about 1.8-2.0 cm Seeds reniform, dark-brown, endospermic. in diameter; pedicellate; bracteate; bracteolate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-lobed, sparsely pubescent. Cleome viscosa L., Sp. Pl. 672. 1753. Corolla papilionaceous; standard obovate 2.0-3.0 cm (Figure 2. B) long, bright blue with a yellow pitch; wings oblong, Myanmar name : Hin gala aying 375

University Journal of Creativity and Innovative Research 2020 Vol-01 Issue-01

English name : Tick weed; Dog Mustard pedicellate; bracteate; bracteolate. Calyx campanulate, Family name : Cleomaceae 5-lobed, glabrous, persistent. Corolla campanulate, 5- Annual, erect foetid herbs; stems and branches terete, lobed, glabrous. Stamens 4, free, didynamous, pubescent, vascid, foetid. Leaves palmately compound, epipetalous; filament linear; anthers dithecous, alternate, exstipulate; petiolate, glandular pubescent; dorsifixed, dehiscing by longitudinal slit. Carpels 2, leaflets 3 to 5, oblong-ovate, 2.0-4.0 cm by 1.0-1.3 cm, fused; ovary superior, oblongoid, bilocular with many cuneate at the base, entire along the margin, acute at the ovules in each locule on the axile placentae; style apex, glandular pubescent on both surfaces. terminal, filiform; stigma bifid. Fruits capsular, fusiform, Inflorescence terminal corymbose raceme; pedunculate. glabrous, 10-12 seeded. Seeds orbicular glabrous, non- Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, tetramerous, endospermic. hypogynous, yellow, about 1.0 cm in diameter; pedicelate, glandular pubescent; ebracteate; ebracteolate. Sepals 4, free, oblong, glandular pubescent. Petals 4, free, obtuse to oblong, glabrous. Stamens 12-15, free, inserted; filament filiform; anthers dithecous, basifixed, dehiscing by longitudinal slit. Carpels 2, fused; ovary superior, linear, unilocular with many ovules on the parietal placentae; style short; stigma capitate. Fruits capsular, linear-cylindric, glandular pubescent, prominent, parallel-veined, many-seeded. Seeds circular, orange-red, non-endospermic.

Vallaris solanacea (Roth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 147. 1891. (Figure 2. C) Peltanthera solanacea Roth. Nov. Pl. Sp. 132. 1821. Myanmar name : Gan boke; Khin boke; Nabu nwe English name : Scarlet gourd Figure 1. A. Argemone mexicana L. Family name : Apocynaceae B. Cassia javanica L. Perennial, shrub wood, twining, milk-juicy. Leaves C. Clitoria ternatea L. simple, opposite and decussate; exstipulate; petiolate; D. Melia azedarach L. blade elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 4.0-8.0 cm by 2.0- 4.0 cm, cuneate at the base, entire along the margin, acuminate at the apex. Inflorescence axillary, 3-7 flowered cyme. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous white, about 1.5 cm in diameter, fragrant; pedicellate; ebracteate; ebracteolate. Calyx 5-partite, segments ovate-oblong, pubescent. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, glabrous. Stamens 5, free, inserted, adnate to the top of corolla-tube; filament clavate, short; anthers dithecous, sagittate, disk annular, fleshy. Carpels 2, free; ovary superior, bilocular, with many ovules in each locule; common style basally filiform, apically clavate; stigma thick with a collar, apiculate. Fruits follicular, oblong-ellipsoid, straight, pericarps thick, fibrous, many-seeded. Seeds ovate, 2- seriate, beaked, non-endospermic. Ruellia tuberosa L., Sp. Pl. 635. 1753.

(Figure 2. D) Figure 2. A. Pavonia odorata Willd. Myanmar name : Byauk B. Cleome viscosa L. English name : Unknown C. Vallaris solanacea (Roth) Kuntze. Family name : Acanthaceae D. Ruellia tuberosa L. Perennial, erect herbs; stems and branches An Artificial Key to the Species subquadrangular, tumid at the node, roots tuberous, 1. Leaves simple...... 2 fasiculated, pubescent. Leaves simple, opposite and 1. Leaves compound...... 5 decussate, exstipulate; petiolate, blades oblong-obovate, 2. Fruits capsular...... 3 4.0-6.0 cm by 3.0-4.0 cm, obtuse at the base, entire 2. Fruits schizocarpic and follicle..... along the margin, rounded at the apex, glabrous on both ...... 4 surfaces. Inflorescences axillary dichotomous cymes. 3. Plants with prickle; flower actinomo- Flwoers bisexual, zygomorphic, pentamerous, rphic...... 1. Argemone mexica hypogynous, pale blue, 3.0-3.5 cm in diameter; 3. Plants without prickle; flower zygom- 376

University Journal of Creativity and Innovative Research 2020 Vol-01 Issue-01

orphic...... 8. Ruellia tuberosa is mostly distributed in temperature and tropical regions. 4. Plants milky juicy present; stame- Cleome viscosa is erect, foetid herbs; leaves palmately ns 5, free; anthers dithecous...... compounds; flowers tetramerous; superior ovary with ...... 7.Vallaris solanacea parietal placentae and fruits capsular. The species was 4. Plants milky juicy absent; stamens abundantly found in the study area. numerous, monadelphous; anthers Apocynaceae family were widely distributed in monothecous....5.Pavonia odorata Cosmopolitan. The family can be significantly found 5. Plants with foetid; glandular pubesc- from other families by the presence of milk juicy, and ent present; teramerous flowers...... anthers with disk annular fleshy...... 6. Cleome viscosa In the present study, (5) species are herbs, (1) 5. Plants without foetid; glandular pube- species are shrubs and (2) species are trees. The leaves scent absent;pentamerous flowers....6 of (4) species are simple leaves and compound leaves 6. Leaves arrangement serrate; axile are found in (4) species. In the present study, Placentation...... 4.Mellia azedarach actinomorphic flowers are (5) species and zygomorphic 6. Leaves arrangement entire; margin- flowers are found in (3) species. The fruits type of (3) al placentation...... 7 species are capsular, (2) species are pod, (1) species are 7. Plants twining herbs; flowers bright drupaceous, (1) species are follicular and (1) species are blue...... 3.Clitoria ternatea schizocarpic. 7. Plants deciduous trees; flowers pink In the present study, (8) species belonging to (8) ...... 2.Cassia javanica genera of (7) families present and all are wild plants of the study area. 4. Discussion and Conclusion Finally, it is sincerely hoped that the research work of floristic study on Angiosperms of Myingyan Degree In the present study, 8 species belong to 8 genera of College will give valuable information for students and 7 families of Angiospermae in Myingyan Degree local dweller to provide a taxonomic information and College have been identified and described. The Order floristic knowledges for natural scientific researcher and Ranunculates, Fabales, Sapindales, Malvales, botany students. Brassicales, Gentianales and Lamiales were found in the study area. Acknowledgements The most common families of Malvaceae, Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, Meliaceae, Acanthaceae and Cleomaceae We are thankful to Dr Maw Maw Khin, Professor were found in the study area. and Head, Department of Botany, Myingyan Degree The Papaveraceae is mainly distributed in tropical and College, for her permission to undertaken this research subtropical regions. The family can be distinguished paper and for all the departmental facilities. from other families by the presence of latex yellow, foetid, bitter and leaves with prickles on the nerves of References both surfaces. Member of family Malvaceae were widely distributed in Cosmopolitan. The family can be [1] Backer, C.A. & R.C. Bakhuizen Van. Den Brank. J.R. distinguished from other families by the presence of Flora and Java. Vol. II. Rijksherbarium, Leyden, N. V. P. stamens monadelphous stamens and monothecous Noordhoff, Ltd. 1968. anthers. Most of the flowers of collected species are [2] Byng, J.W., M.W. Chase, M.J.M. Charistenhusz & M.F. morning bloomers. Pavonia odorata is easily Fay. An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group distinguished from other species by it epicalyx segment. Classification for the Orders and Families of Flowering Plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, 2016; 181: 1- The family Acanthaceae is mainly distributed in 20. tropical and subtropical regions and consists of about [3] Chase, M.W. & J.L Reveal, Bibliographical Information 220 genera and 3000 species [5]. The family can be and Synonymy of Magnoliidae, Cornell University, distinguished by its opposite leaves, zygomorphic Department of Plant Biology, NY 14853-4301, U.S.A. 2011. flowers, corolla bilabiate and stamens 4, didynamous. [4] Dassanayake, M.D. A Revised Handbook to the Flora of The family Fabaceae composed of about 478 genera and Ceylon, Vol. XI. Amarind Publishing Co. Rt. Ltd. New Delhi. 13,600-14000 species and widespread in temperate, 1983. tropical and subtropical regions [5]. In the present study, [5] Heywood, V.H. Flowering Plants Families and the World, the two different species Cassia javanica of habit is Published in Canada by Firefly Books Ltd. 2007. [6] Hooker, J.D. Flora of British India. Vol I. Oxford. deciduous trees and Clitoria ternatea of habit is twining Clarendon Press. 1875. herbs. The family can be distinguished by it [7] Hundley, H. G.Chit Ko Ko, List of trees, shrubs, herbs zygomorphic flowers, and marginal placentation. and principal climbers, etc, fourth Revised edition Shwe Daw Member of family Meliaceae, the species Melia Oo Press, Mayangon, Rangoon, Burma. 1987. azedarach L. were recorded in the study area. This [8] Kress, W. John, Robert. A. Defilips, Ellen Farr & Daw Yin species consists of stamens 10, monadelphous; carpels Yin Kyi, A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers of 5; ovary superior and fruits drupaceous. Myanmar Department of Systematic Biology Botany. Natural In the present study, 1 species belonging 1 genera of Museum of Natural History, Washington DC. USA. 2003. Cleomaceae were occurred in the study area. The family 377