Vegetation Benchmarks Scrub, heathland and coastal complexes

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes SAL Acacia longifolia coastal scrub

Community Description:

This community normally occurs in a narrow strip along the coast, usually on parallel dunes, with Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae dominant. It can vary from pure Acacia longifolia to mixtures with other species including Leucopogon parviflorus and Banksia marginata. The understorey is generally sparse.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 95% T Organic Litter 5%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 2 95 Herbs and orchids H 4 1 Medium tussock grass MTG 1 1 Non-tussock grass NTG 2 5 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 5 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 1 Ground fern GF 1 1 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphyte SCE 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 1 Total 9 14

Last reviewed - 30 August 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SAL Acacia longifolia coastal scrub

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae coast wattle T

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Allocasuarina verticillata drooping sheoak T Banksia marginata silver wattle T Leptospermum laevigatum coast teatree T Leucopogon parviflorus coast beardheath T Myoporum insulare common boobialla T Actites megalocarpus dune thistle H Carpobrotus rossii native pigface H Dichondra repens kidneyweed H Gnaphalium indutum tiny cottonleaf H Helichrysum spp. everlasting H Parietaria debilis shade pellitory H Poranthera microphylla small poranthera H Wahlenbergia spp. bluebell H Austrodanthonia spp. wallabygrass MTG Distichlis distichophylla australian saltgrass NTG Ehrharta spp. ricegrass NTG Zoysia macrantha prickly couch NTG Lepidosperma gladiatum coast swordsedge LSR Lomandra longifolia sagg LSR Lepidosperma concavum sand swordsedge MSR Pteridium esculentum bracken GF Tetragonia implexicoma bower spinach SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 1

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SBM Banksia marginata wet scrub

Community Description:

Banksia marginata wet scrub is a dense wet scrub dominated by Banksia marginata usually occurring along creek lines and forest fringes within south-west buttongrass moorland. Common and abundant species include Melaleuca squarrosa, Leptospermum scoparium and sometimes L. nitidum and L. lanigerum. Gahnia grandis is usually present in the understorey and Empodisma minus or Calorophus species together with Bauera rubioides can form a dense tangle around the tree stems. There may be a few emergent trees of Eucalyptus nitida. This is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the listed Banksia marginata wet scrub community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002).

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 80% T Organic Litter 80%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 5 80 Shrub S 7 15 Herbs and orchids H 1 2 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 2 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 2 Scrambler/climber/epiphyte SCE 2 3 Mosses and lichens ML 1 1 Total 7 18

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SMB Banksia marginata wet scrub

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Banksia marginata silver banksia T

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia mucronata caterpillar wattle T Leptospermum glaucescens smoky teatree T Leptospermum lanigerum woolly teatree T Leptospermum nitidum shiny teatree T Leptospermum scoparium common teatree T Melaleuca squarrosa scented paperbark T Monotoca glauca goldey wood T Baeckea leptocaulis slender heathmyrtle S Boronia citriodora central lemon boronia S Epacris heteronema southwest heath S Epacris impressa common heath S Epacris lanuginosa swamp heath S Lomatia polymorpha mountain guitarplant S Melaleuca squamea swamp honeymyrtle S Monotoca submutica mountain broomheath S Sprengelia incarnata pink swampheath S Baloskion tetraphyllum tassel cordrush LSR Blandfordia punicea christmas bells LSR Diplarrena latifolia western flag-iris LSR Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus buttongrass LSR Empodisma minus spreading roperush MSR Bauera rubioides wiry bauera SCE Billardiera spp. appleberry SCE Calorophus spp. roperush SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 1

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SBR Broadleaf scrub: Olearia/Bedfordia facies

Community Description:

Broadleaf scrub is a closed-canopy scrub 4-8 m high which occurs where fire-frequencies are low, generally as patches within wet forest or openings in rainforest or along cliff tops in the south-east. Dominant small trees include any of Notelaea ligustrina, Pomaderris apetala, Beyeria viscosa, Bedfordia salicina, Prostanthera lasianthos and Olearia argophylla. In coastal sand sheet shrubberies Pomaderris apetala may share dominance with Cenarrhenes nitida and sometimes Monotoca glauca with a few Dicksonia antarctica and Anopterus glandulosus above a sparse fern ground layer. There may be sparse emergent eucalypts. This benchmark is one of 2 benchmarks available to assess the condition of SBR and is suitable for assessment of the core Olearia-Bedfordia-dominated expression of this vegetation. A separate benchmark is available for assessing the condition of the listed Notelaea-Pomaderris-Beyeria forest community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002).

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 90% T Organic Litter 70%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 4 90 Shrub S 2 5 Herbs and orchids H 5 1 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 5 Ground fern GF 2 10 Tree fern TF 1 5 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 20 Total 7 16

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Bedfordia salicina tasmanian blanketleaf T Beyeria viscosa pinkwood T Notelaea ligustrina native olive T Olearia argophylla musk daisybush T Pomaderris apetala common dogwood T Prostanthera lasianthos christmas mintbush T

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SBR Broadleaf scrub: Olearia/Bedfordia facies

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus spp. eucalypt Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia spp. wattle T Anopterus glandulosus tasmanian laurel T Asterotrichion discolor tasmanian currajong T Atherosperma moschatum sassafras T Cassinia aculeata dollybush T Cenarrhenes nitida native plum T Coprosma quadrifida native currant T Leptospermum scoparium common teatree T Monotoca glauca goldey wood T Nematolepis squamea satinwood T Notelaea ligustrina native olive T Ozothamnus ferrugineus tree everlastingbush T Pittosporum bicolor cheesewood T Tasmannia lanceolata mountain pepper T Zieria arborescens stinkwood T Cyathodes glauca purple cheeseberry S Leptecophylla juniperina common pinkberry S Lomatia tinctoria guitar plant S Olearia lirata forest daisybush S Pimelea drupacea cherry riceflower S Acaena novae-zelandiae common buzzy H Corysanthes spp. helmet orchid H Galium spp. bedstraw H Geranium spp. cranesbill H Hydrocotyle spp. pennywort H Senecio spp. groundsel H Stellaria spp. starwort H Urtica incisa scrub nettle H Viola hederacea ivyleaf violet H Agrostis spp. Bent grass G Austrodanthonia spp. wallabygrass G Echinopogon ovatus hedgehog grass G Poa labillardierei silver tussockgrass G Dianella tasmanica forest flaxlily LSR Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Lepidosperma spp. swordsedge LSR Lomandra longifolia sagg LSR Asplenium spp. spleenwort GF Ctenopteris heterophylla gypsy fern GF Grammitis billardierei common fingerfern GF Polystichum proliferum mother shieldfern GF Dicksonia antarctica soft treefern TF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 3

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SCA Coastal scrub on alkaline sands

Community Description:

Coastal scrub on alkaline sand are scrubs in which the canopy varies from closed to open and patchy and dominant species depends on fire frequency and local species complement. Facies dominated by Myoporum insulare are distinct from those dominated by Leptospermum laevigatum. Diagnostic species include Zygophyllum billardierei, and Beyeria lechenaultii var. latifolia. Younger examples of the formation may be dense scrubs. In some older examples the understorey may be open and grassy and small byes may occur. In undisturbed examples, the understorey cover is often 100%. Regardless of location, this community is distinguished from other scrubs by having coastal species over a predominantly grassy and herbaceous understorey on deep alkaline sands.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 80% T Organic Litter 60%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 3 80 Shrub S 6 10 Prostrate shrub PS 2 5 Herbs and orchids H 17 10 Large tussock grass LTG 3 5 Medium tussock grass MTG 1 1 Non tussock grass NTG 1 1 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 1 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 1 Ground fern GF 1 1 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphyte SCE 3 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 5 Total 12 40

Last reviewed - 30 August 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SCA Coastal scrub on alkaline sands

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Leptospermum laevigatum coast teatree T Myoporum insulare common boobialla T Beyeria lechenaultii var. latifolia pale turpentine-bush T

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia spp. wattle S Boronia anemonifolia stinky boronia S Leptospermum glaucescens smoky teatree S Leucopogon lanceolatus lance beardheath S Leucopogon parviflorus coast beardheath S Pimelea curviflora curved riceflower S Hibbertia prostrata prostrate guineaflower PS Hibbertia sericea silky guineaflower PS Threlkeldia diffusa coast bonefruit PS Acaena novae-zelandiae common buzzy H Ajuga australis australian bugle H Asperula pusilla alpine woodruff H Crassula spp. stonecrop H Dichondra repens kidneyweed H Galium australe tangled bedstraw H Geranium sessiliflorum cranesbill H Gnaphalium indutum tiny cottonleaf H Gonocarpus tetragynus common raspwort H Hydrocotyle hirta hairy pennywort H Oxalis perennans grassland woodsorrel H Plantago bellidioides herbfield plantain H Scaevola hookeri creeping fanflower H Senecio biserratus crosscut fireweed H Stackhousia monogyna forest candles H Stylidium graminifolium narrowleaf triggerplant H Veronica gracilis spender speedwell H Viola hederacea ivyleaf violet H Zygophyllum billardierei coast twinleaf H Austrodanthonia spp. wallabygrass MTG Austrostipa flavescens yellow speargrass LTG Elymus scaber rough wheatgrass LTG Poa poiformis coastal tussockgrass LTG Zoysia macrantha prickly couch NTG Isolepis nodosa knobby clubsedge LSR Carex breviculmis shortstem sedge MSR Lepidosperma concavum sand swordsedge MSR Pteridium esculentum bracken GF Clematis microphylla small-leaf clematis SCE Comesperma volubile blue lovecreeper SCE Muehlenbeckia adpressa climbing lignum SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 3

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SCH Coastal heathland

Community Description:

Coastal heathlands are highly diverse, typically with 20 or more species of vascular plants within a small area. The heath may be dense and of uniform height (about 1m) with scattered emergents such as Banksia marginata, Leucopogon parviflorus or Allocasuarina species to 2-3m, or sparse and variable with openings of sedgy heathland. Dominance varies from place to place but epacrids, daisies, pea flowers, Philotheca, Leptospermum, Pimelea, Hibbertia and Tetratheca species are all likely to be represented. The ground layer may be sparse with species such as Pteridium esculentum, orchids, Drosera species and Lepidosperma concavum, but with a dense cover of litter. It is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the coastal heathland component of the listed Seabird rookery complex community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002).

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 90% S Organic Litter 40%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Shrub S 15 90 Prostrate shrub PS 5 5 Herbs and orchids H 7 1 Large tussock grass LTG 2 1 Medium to small tussock grass MTG 2 1 Tiny grass/tiny sedge/tiny lily TGS 3 1 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 5 5 Medium sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 5 Ground Fern GF 1 1 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphytes SCE 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 5 Total 11 43

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Aotus ericoides golden pea S Calytrix tetragona common fringemyrtle S Dillwynia glaberrima smooth parrotpea S Leucopogon spp. beardheath S Xanthorrhoea australis southern grasstree S

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SCH Coastal heathland Species lists:

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Acacia spp. wattle Scattered trees only, when present Allocasuarina monilifera necklace sheoak Scattered trees only, when present Banksia marginata silver banksia Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Amperea xiphoclada broom spurge S Astroloma spp. heath S Bossiaea cinerea showy bossia S Brachyloma ciliatum fringed heath S Dillwynia spp. parrotpea S Epacris impressa common heath S Gompholobium spp. wedgepea S Hakea spp. needlebush S Kunzea ambigua white kunzea S Persoonia juniperina prickly geebung S Philotheca spp. waxflower S Platylobium obtusangulum common flatpea S Pultenaea spp. bushpea S Ricinocarpos pinifolius wedding bush S Tetratheca spp. pinkbells S Hibbertia spp. guineaflower PS Kennedia prostrata running postman PS Arthropodium spp. vanilla-lily H Brachyscome spp. daisy H Burchardia umbellata milkmaids H Chrysocephalum spp. everlasting H Goodenia lanata trailing native-primrose H Helichrysum scorpioides curling everlasting H Orchidaceae orchids H Senecio spp. groundsel H Thryptomene micrantha ribbed heathmyrtle H Xanthosia spp. crossherb H Dichelachne spp. longhair plumegrass LTG Pentapogon quadrifidus five-awn speargrass LTG Austrodanthonia spp. wallabygrass MTG Deyeuxia quadriseta reed bentgrass MTG Carex breviculmis shortstem sedge TGS Centrolepis spp. bristlewort TGS Schoenus spp. bogsedge TGS Calorophus spp. roperush LSR Eurychorda complanata flat chordrush LSR Dianella spp. flaxlily MSR Lepidosperma spp. sedge MSR Pteridium esculentum bracken GF Selaginella spp. spikemoss GF Cassytha spp. dodderlaurel SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SCL Heathland on calcareous substrates

Community Description:

This community is a low, usually windswept sclerophyllous heath on calcarenite or calcrete and associated areas of shallow alkaline sands. It has a significant proportion of species which show high community fidelity, several of which do not occur south of the Bass Strait islands. Some SCL species are also found in Coastal scrub on alkaline sands (SCA) but in SCL they are stunted; never reaching greater than 1 m. Species distinctive to SCL (but not occurring in SCA) include Eutaxia microphylla, Acrotriche cordata, Threlkeldia diffusa and Hibbertia sericea var. sericea. This is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the listed Heathland on calcareous substrates community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002).

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 80% S Organic Litter 1%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Shrub S 10 80 Prostrate shrub PS 2 5 Herbs and orchids H 7 5 Medium Tussock grass MTG 2 1 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 1 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 1 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphyte SCE 3 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 1 Total 8 27

Last reviewed - 30 August 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SCL Heathland on calcareous substrates

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Beyeria lechenaultii var. latifolia pale turpentine-bush S Eutaxia microphylla spiny bushpea S Myoporum insulare common boobialla S

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Allocasuarina verticillata drooping sheoak S Hibbertia sericea var. sericea. silky guineaflower S Lasiopetalum discolor coast velvetbush S Lasiopetalum macrophyllum shrubby velvetbush S Leptospermum laevigatum coast teatree S Leucophyta brownii cushionbush S Myoporum insulare common boobialla S Pimelea serpyllifolia thyme riceflower S Pomaderris paniculosa shining dogwood S Spyridium vexilliferum helicopter bush S Acrotriche cordata coast groundberry PS Threlkeldia diffusa coast bonefruit PS Apalochlamys spectabilis sticky firebush H Crassula spp. stonecrop H Zygophyllum billardierei coast twinleaf H Austrodanthonia spp. wallabygrass MTG Austrostipa spp. spear-grass MTG Isolepis nodosa knobby clubsedge LSR Dianella brevicaulis shortstem flaxlily MSR Comesperma volubile blue lovecreeper SCE Swainsona lessertiifolia coast poisonpea SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SED Eastern scrub on dolerite: Leptospermum grandiflorum facies

Community Description:

SED identifies two distinct dry and uncommon scrub communities found in similar situations. The main Leptospermum grandiflorum facies is found in the Eastern Tiers (in steep hill country between the Douglas-Apsley and the Tasman Peninsula). This vegetation is 2-5 m tall and may be dominated by Leptospermum grandiflorum or Spyridium obovatum. Hakea megadenia and Callitris rhomboidea may also be common. There is often a well-developed heathy and/or sedgy understorey/ground layer which often includes Pultenaea spp., Veronica continua and an array of grasses and sedges. In some communities Euryomyrtus ramosissima can be common in the ground layer. In the Blindburn Creek area Spyridium lawrencei is locally common. This benchmark is one of 2 benchmarks available to assess the condition of SED.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 50% T Organic Litter 20%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 5 50 Shrub S 4 20 Prostrate shrub PS 1 5 Herbs and orchids H 2 1 Medium tussock grass MTG 1 1 Non tussock grass NTG 1 3 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 5 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 5 Ground fern GF 1 2 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphytes SCE 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 1 Total 11 19

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SED Eastern scrub on dolerite: Leptospermum grandiflorum facies

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Leptospermum grandiflorum autumn teatree T Spyridium obovatum dustymiller T Hakea megadenia autumn needlebush T Callitris rhomboidea oyster Bay pine T

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus globulus tasmanian blue gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus ovata black gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus tenuiramis silver peppermint Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Eucalyptus barberi barbers gum T Leptospermum spp. teatree T Melaleuca pustulata warty paperbark T Allocasuarina monilifera necklace sheoak S Dillwynia sericea showy parrotpea S Epacris grandis tall heath S Epacris spp. heath S Lasiopetalum micranthum tasmanian velvetbush S Leptecophylla pendulosa drooping pinkberry S Pultenaea daphnoides heartleaf bushpea S Spyridium spp. dustymiller S Veronica continua eastcoast speedwellbush S Amperea xiphoclada broom spurge PS Astroloma humifusus native cranberry PS Euryomyrtus ramosissima rosy heathmyrtle PS Orchidaceae spp. orchids H Drosera macrantha climbing sundew H Pelargonium australe southern storksbill H Rytidosperma spp. wallabygrass MTG Ehrharta spp. ricegrass NTG Gahnia rodwayi dwarf sawsedge LSR Lepidosperma inops fan sedge MSR Schoenus apogon common bogsedge MSR Asplenium spp. spleenwort GF Huperzia varia long clubmoss GF Comesperma volubile blue lovecreeper SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SED Eastern scrub: Melaleuca pallida facies

Community Description:

SED identifies two distinct dry and uncommon scrub communities found in similar situations. The minor Melaleuca pallida facies is found in the North-East Highlands, particularly on north east facing basalt slopes or shallow marine siltstone scree from Mt Victoria to Ralphs Falls and Oliver’s Hill. This vegetation is 2-5 m tall and is dominated by Melaleuca pallida. The understorey is sparse and commonly grassy. This benchmark is one of 2 benchmarks available to assess the condition of SED.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 75% T Organic Litter 20%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 4 75 Shrub S 2 10 Medium to small tussock grass MTG 2 60 Ground fern GF 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 5 Total 5 10

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SED Eastern scrub: Melaleuca pallida facies

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Melaleuca pallida yellow bottlebrush T

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia dealbata silver wattle T Acacia melanoxylon blackwood T Acacia leprosa var. graveolens tasmanian varnish wattle T Beyeria viscosa pink wood T Bursaria spinosa prickly box T Oxylobium ellipticum golden shaggypea T Notelaea ligustrina native olive T Pittosporum bicolor cheesewood T Pomaderris apetala dogwood T Tasmannia lanceolata mountain pepper T Olearia phlogopappa dusty daisybush S Pultenaea daphnoides var. obcordata heartleaf bushpea S Poa spp. tussockgrass G Blechnum wattsii hard waterfern GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Costal Complexes

SHS Subalpine heathland: closed heathland facies

Community Description:

Subalpine heathland varies from a 3 m tall closed heathland on well-drained fertile sites to a short (1 m) sparse heathland on rocky sites. Floristically it is quite variable, but prominent species are usually from the families Proteaceae, Epacridaceae and Fabaceae, with species of Melaleuca less common. Leptospermum lanigerum and/or L. rupestre are often important but never form a pure canopy. Scattered emergent subalpine Eucalyptus spp. may occur. This benchmark is one of 2 benchmarks available to assess the condition of SHS.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 90% S Organic Litter 10%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Shrub S 15 90 Herbs and orchids H 3 5 Medium tussock grass MTG 1 5 Non tussock grass NTG 1 5 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 3 5 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 4 5 Ground fern GF 1 5 Total 7 28

Last reviewed - 30 August 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SHS Subalpine heathland: closed heathland facies

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Orites revolutus revolute orites S Oxylobium ellipticum golden shaggypea S Baeckea gunniana alpine heathmyrtle S Leptecophylla spp. pinkberry S Leptospermum spp. teatree S

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus amygdalina black peppermint Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus coccifera snow gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus dalrympleana mountain white gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus delegatensis gumtopped stringybark Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus johnstonii yellow gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus pauciflora cabbage gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus rodwayi swamp peppermint Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Bauera rubioides wiry bauera S Coprosma nitida mountain currant S Cyathodes glauca purple cheeseberry S Epacris spp. heath S Leptospermum lanigerum woolly teatree S Leptospermum rupestre mountain teatree S Leptospermum scoparium common teatree S Lissanthe strigosa peachberry heath S Monotoca submutica broomheath S Richea dracophylla pineapple candleheath S Richea spp. candleheath S Tasmannia lanceolata mountain pepper S Trochocarpa spp. purpleberry S Oxalis magellanica snowdrop woodsorrel H Viola hederacea ivy-leaf violet H Poa spp. tussockgrass MTG Ehrharta tasmanica tasmanian ricegrass NTG Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Baloskion australis southern cordrush LSR Diplarrena latifolia western flag-iris LSR Luzula densiflora dense woodrush MSR Uncinia spp. hooksedge MSR Lycopodium fastigiatum mountain clubmoss GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SHS Subalpine heathland: open rocky heathland facies

Community Description:

Subalpine heathland varies from a 3 m tall closed heathland on well-drained fertile sites to a short (1 m) sparse heathland on rocky sites. Floristically it is quite variable, but prominent species are usually from the families Proteaceae, Epacridaceae and Fabaceae, with species of Melaleuca less common. Leptospermum lanigerum and/or L. rupestre are often important but never form a pure canopy. Scattered emergent subalpine Eucalyptus spp. may occur. This benchmark is one of 2 benchmarks available to assess the condition of SHS.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 30% S Organic Litter 5%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Shrub S 15 30 Herbs and orchids H 3 5 Medium tussock grass MTG 1 5 Non tussock grass NTG 1 5 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 3 15 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 4 15 Ground fern GF 1 5 Total 7 28

Last reviewed - 30 August 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SHS Subalpine heathland: open rocky heathland facies

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Orites revolutus revolute orites S Oxylobium ellipticum golden shaggypea S Baeckea gunniana alpine heathmyrtle S Leptecophylla spp. pinkberry S Leptospermum spp. teatree S

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus amygdalina black peppermint Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus coccifera snow gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus dalrympleana mountain white gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus delegatensis gumtopped stringybark Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus johnstonii yellow gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus pauciflora cabbage gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus rodwayi swamp peppermint Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Bauera rubioides wiry bauera S Coprosma nitida mountain currant S Cyathodes glauca purple cheeseberry S Epacris spp. heath S Leptospermum lanigerum woolly teatree S Leptospermum rupestre mountain teatree S Leptospermum scoparium common teatree S Lissanthe strigosa peachberry heath S Monotoca submutica broomheath S Richea dracophylla pineapple candleheath S Richea spp. candleheath S Tasmannia lanceolata mountain pepper S Trochocarpa spp. purpleberry S Oxalis magellanica snowdrop woodsorrel H Viola hederacea ivy-leaf violet H Poa spp. tussockgrass MTG Ehrharta tasmanica tasmanian ricegrass NTG Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Baloskion australis southern cordrush LSR Diplarrena latifolia western flag-iris LSR Luzula densiflora dense woodrush MSR Uncinia spp. hooksedge MSR Lycopodium fastigiatum mountain clubmoss GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SHW Wet heathland

Community Description:

Wet heathland is a scrub community to 2 (-3) m tall, commonly with scattered emergent Eucalyptus rodwayi or E. ovata and a dense ground cover of Restionaceae and Cyperaceae species. Typical dominants are Melaleuca squamea, Melaleuca gibbosa, Callistemon viridiflorus, Leptospermum species and sometimes Hakea species. The ferns Selaginella uliginosa and Lindsaea linearis are almost always present in the ground. This community generally occurs on poorly-drained head-water flats, from the coast to mid-altitudes. This is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the wet heathland component of the listed Heathland scrub complex at Wingaroo community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002).

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 70% S Organic Litter 5%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Medium shrub/small shrub S 2 70 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 5 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 2 30 Ground fern GF 1 5 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 1 Total 5 7

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SHW Wet heathland

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Callistemon viridiflorus prickly bottlebrush S Hakea spp. needlebush S Leptospermum spp. teatree S Melaleuca gibbosa slender honeymyrtle S Melaleuca squamea swamp honeymyrtle S

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus spp. eucalypt Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Allocasuarina monilifera necklace sheoak S Almaleea subumbellata wiry bushpea S Aotus ericoides golden pea S Baeckea gunniana alpine heathmyrtle S Banksia marginata silver banksia S Callistemon viridiflorus prickly bottlebrush S Dillwynia glaberrima smooth parrotpea S Epacris lanuginosa swamp heath S Hakea epiglottis beaked needlebush S Isopogon ceratophyllus horny conebush S Leptospermum lanigerum woolly teatree S Leucopogon spp. beardheath S Melaleuca ericifolia coast paperbark S Sprengelia incarnata pink swampheath S Xanthorrhoea australis southern grasstree S Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Empodisma minus spreading roperush MSR Hypolaena fastigiata tassel roperush MSR Lepidosperma filiforme common rapiersedge MSR Leptocarpus tenax slender twinerush MSR Schoenus spp. bogsedge MSR Lindsaea linearis screw fern GF Selaginella uliginosa swamp spikemoss GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SKA Kunzea ambigua regrowth scrub

Community Description:

Kunzea ambigua regrowth scrub normally occurs in old paddocks or disused mining sites in lowland areas in the north east of the state including Flinders Island. SKA has a dense large shrub layer of Kunzea ambigua with occasional canopy gaps and a low ground cover of limited diversity. Sparse emergent Eucalyptus spp. may sometimes occur.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 80% T Organic Litter 5%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 1 80 Medium shrub/small shrub S 1 5 Herbs and orchids H 4 1 Large tussock grass LTG 2 10 Medium tussock grass MTG 2 10 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 5 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 1 Mosses and lichens ML 1 1 Total 8 13

Last reviewed - 30 August 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SKA Kunzea ambigua regrowth scrub

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Kunzea ambigua T white kunzea

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus amygdalina black peppermint Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus nitida western peppermint Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus tenuiramis silver peppermint Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Aotus ericoides golden pea S Leucopogon spp. beardheath S Astroloma humifusum native cranberry PS Drosera spp. sundew H Utricularia spp. bladderwort H Wahlenbergia spp. bluebell H Poa labillardierei blue tussockgrass LTG Austrodanthonia spp. wallabygrass MTG Lomandra longifolia sagg LSR Xanthorrhoea australis southern grasstree LSR Lepidosperma concavum sand swordsedge MSR

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SLG Leptospermum glaucescens heathland and scrub: dry open heathland facies

Community Description:

This mapping unit occurs on skeletal or infertile soils and is almost always dominated by Leptospermum glaucescens with L. scoparium and/or Banksia marginata often co- or sub-dominant. In the dry open heathland variant plant diversity is high and beneath the open shrub layer is a ground cover that includes prostrate shrubs, small herbs and orchids, grasses, sedges and rushes. Eucalypts and other trees may be emergent.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 45% S Organic Litter 15%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Shrub S 8 45 Prostrate shrub PS 3 5 Herbs and Orchids H 5 1 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 4 15 Ground fern GF 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 10 Total 6 22

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Acacia genistifolia spreading wattle S Allocasuarina monilifera necklace sheoak S Allocasuarina paludosa scrub sheoak S Banksia marginata silver banksia S Calytrix tetragona common fringemyrtle S Leptospermum glaucescens smoky teatree S Leptospermum grandiflorum autumn teatree S Leptospermum scoparium common teatree S

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SLG Leptospermum glaucescens heathland and scrub: dry open heathland facies

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Callitris rhomboidea oyster bay pine Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus amygdalina black peppermint Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus nitida western peppermint Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia myrtifolia redstem wattle S Acacia terminalis sunshine wattle S Amperea xiphoclada broom spurge S Aotus ericoides golden pea S Boronia anemonifolia stinking boronia S Bossiaea spp. bossia S Calytrix tetragona common fringe myrtle S Conospermum hookeri tasmanian smokebush S Dillwynia glaberrima smooth parrotpea S Epacris spp. heath S Hibbertia riparia erect guineaflower S Lasiopetalum macrophyllum shrubby velvetbush S Leucopogon spp. beardheath S Monotoca glauca goldy wood S Philotheca virgata twiggy waxflower S Thryptomene micrantha ribbed heathmyrtle S Euryomyrtus ramosissima creeping heathmyrtle PS Gompholobium huegelii common wedgepea PS Hibbertia procumbens spreading guineaflower PS Dampiera stricta blue dampiera H Drosera peltata subsp. auriculata tall sundew H Drosera pygmaea dwarf sundew H Goodenia humilis swamp native-primrose H Goodenia lanata trailing native-primrose H Orchidaceae orchids H Xanthosia pilosa woolly crossherb H Empodisma minus spreading roperush MSR Eurychorda complanata flat cordrush MSR Gahnia microstachya slender sawsedge MSR Gahnia radula thatch sawsedge MSR Hypolaena fastigiatum tassel roperush MSR Lepidosperma concavum sand swordsedge MSR Lepidosperma elatius tall swordsedge MSR Tetraria capillaris hair sedge MSR Lindsaea linearis screw fern GF Selaginella uliginosa swamp spikemoss GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SLG Leptospermum glaucescens heathland and scrub: scrub facies

Community Description:

This mapping unit occurs on skeletal or infertile soils and is almost always dominated by Leptospermum glaucescens with L. scoparium and/or Banksia marginata often co- or sub-dominant. The scrub facies is dominated by a dense layer of trees 2 to 5 m in height. This benchmark is most appropriately applied to the mature end of the community’s successional development, where closed scrub communities have a poorly developed understorey often confined to a few straggling woody species.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 60% T Organic Litter 30%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or Large shrub T 4 60 Shrub S 4 20 Herbs and Orchids H 2 1 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 3 10 Ground fern GF 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 5 Total 6 15

Last reviewed - 30 August 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SLG Leptospermum glaucescens heathland and scrub: scrub facies

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Allocasuarina monilifera necklace sheoak T Banksia marginata silver banksia T Leptospermum glaucescens smoky teatree T Leptospermum scoparium common teatree T

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Callitris rhomboidea oyster bay pine Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus amygdalina black peppermint Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus nitida western peppermint Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia suaveolens sweet wattle T Acacia terminalis sunshine wattle T Kunzea ambigua white kunzea T Leptospermum grandiflorum autumn teatree T Acacia myrtifolia redstem wattle S Melaleuca spp. honeymyrtle S Monotoca glauca whitey wood S Oxylobium ellipticum golden shaggypea S Philotheca virgata twiggy waxflower S Pultenaea daphnoides heartleaf bushpea S Goodenia humilis swamp native-primrose H Goodenia lanata trailing native-primrose H Orchidaceae orchids H Xanthosia pilosa woolly crossherb H Empodisma minus spreading rope rush MSR Eurychorda complanata flat cord rush MSR Lepidosperma concavum sand swordsedge MSR Tetraria capillaris hair sedge MSR Lindsaea linearis screw fern GF Selaginella uliginosa swamp spikemoss GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 1

Saltmarsh and Wetlands

SLL Leptospermum lanigerum scrub: highland facies

Community Description:

Scrub dominated by (often pure) Leptospermum lanigerum, generally occuring in poorly drained fertile areas. It has a dense uniform structure from 2 to 8 m high. Species diversity in this community is usually low.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Canopy 90% T Organic Litter 5%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 1 90 Shrub S 2 5 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 5 Ground fern GF 2 5 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 30 Total 5 7

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

AAA Leptospermum lanigerum scrub: highland facies

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Leptospermum lanigerum woolly teatree T

Typical Understorey Species * Common Name LF Code Hakea epiglottis beaked needlebush S Melaleuca virens prickly bottlebrush S Empodisma minus spreading roperush MSR Leptocarpus tenax slender twinerush MSR Blechnum spp. waterfern GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 1

Saltmarsh and Wetlands

SLL Leptospermum lanigerum scrub: lowland facies

Community Description:

Scrub dominated by (often pure) Leptospermum lanigerum, generally occurring in poorly drained fertile areas. It has a dense uniform structure from 2 to 8 m high. Species diversity in this community is usually low. At lower altitudes, Leptospermum lanigerum is dominant with or without sub-dominant L. scoparium, and occasional Melaleuca species (Melaleuca pustulata, M. virens, M. gibbosa). It is essentially treeless vegetation, but there may be a few small emergent Eucalyptus rodwayi or E. ovata. Lowland forms of SLL have an understorey, at times dense, of Poa spp. or Gahnia grandis, Leptocarpus tenax and other graminoids.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Canopy 70% T Organic Litter 5%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 2 70 Tussock grass TG 2 10 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 10 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 2 10 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 1 Total 5 8

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SLL Leptospermum lanigerum scrub: lowland facies

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Leptospermum lanigerum woolly teatree T

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus ovata var. ovata black gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus rodwayi Swamp peppermint Scattered trees only, when present

Typical Understorey Species * Common Name LF Code Leptospermum scoparium common teatree T Melaleuca gibbosa slender honeymyrtle T Melaleuca pustulata warty paperbark T Melaleuca virens prickly bottlebrush T Epacris lanuginosa swamp heath S Hakea epiglottis beaked needlebush S Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Empodisma minus spreading roperush MSR Leptocarpus tenax slender twinerush MSR

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SLS Leptospermum scoparium heathland and scrub: heathland facies

Community Description:

Leptospermum scoparium heathland and scrub is usually dominated or co-dominated by L. scoparium. The open heathland facies of this vegetation typically has a ground layer of prickly heath or shrub species between 1 to 2 m in height with an uneven structure over a lower stratum of sedges rushes and lilies. Indicative species include the commonly present Hibbertia riparia and/ or Lomatia tinctoria. Emergent eucalypt trees, grasses, herbs and ground ferns are only sparse. This vegetation may be derived by clearance or by frequent burning. It is most commonly associated with clay or peaty gravel soils of inland areas on gentle to moderate slopes. This benchmark is one of 2 benchmarks available to assess the condition of SLS.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 60% T Organic Litter 1%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Medium shrub/small shrub S 12 60 Prostrate shrub PS 3 5 Herbs and orchids H 4 5 Large tussock grass LTG 1 1 Medium tussock grass MTG 1 1 Non tussock grass NTG 1 1 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 2 20 Medium sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 5 Ground fern GF 2 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 10 Total 10 28

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Acacia genistifolia S spreading wattle Allocasuarina monilifera S necklace sheoak Aotus ericoides S golden pea Leptospermum scoparium S common teatree

Last reviewed - 30 August 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SLS Leptospermum scoparium heathland and scrub: heathland facies

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus amygdalina black peppermint Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus nitida western peppermint Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Boronia pilosa hairy boronia S Calytrix tetragona common fringemyrtle S Dillwynia spp. parrotpea S Epacris impressa common heath S Gompholobium huegelii wedge pea S Hibbertia riparia erect guinea flower S Leucopogon spp. beardheath S Lomatia tinctoria guitarplant S Pimelea humilis dwarf riceflower S Sprengelia spp. swampheath S Thryptomene micrantha ribbed heathmyrtle S Xanthorrhoea australis southern grasstree S Amperea xiphoclada Broom spurge PS Persoonia juniperina prickly geebung PS Platylobium triangulare arrow flatpea PS Styphelia adscendens golden heath PS Argentipallium dealbatum white everlasting H Coronidium scorpioides curling everlasting H Dampiera stricta blue dampiera H Drosera spp. sundew H Gonocarpus spp. raspwort H Goodenia lanata trailing native-primrose H Orchidaceae orchid H Stylidium graminifolium narrowleaf triggerplant H Poa labillardierei tussockgrass LTG Rytidosperma spp. wallabygrass LTG Austrostipa spp. speargrass MTG Ehrharta spp. ricegrass NTG Diplarrena moraea white flag-iris LSR Lepidosperma spp. swordsedg LSR Leptocarpus tenax slender twinerush LSR Lomandra longifolia sagg LSR Patersonia fragilis short purpleflag MSR Schoenus lepidosperma slender bogsedge MSR Lindsaea linearis screw fern GF Pteridium esculentum bracken GF Selaginella uliginosa swamp spikemoss GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SLS Leptospermum scoparium heathland and scrub: scrub facies

Community Description:

Leptospermum scoparium heathland and scrub is usually dominated or co-dominated by L. scoparium. The scrub facies of this vegetation is dominated by tall prickly shrubs between 2 to 5 m. Where the upper stratum of shrubs is well developed the lower strata include only a sparse distribution of shorter shrubs, graminoids, herbs and ferns. More typically the upper shrub layer forms an open and uneven canopy over a ground layer in which shorter shrubs are well represented. This vegetation may be derived by the clearance of trees from eucalypt forest and woodland, or by frequent burning. It is commonly associated with rock plates, clay or peaty gravel soils of inland areas on gentle to moderate slopes. This benchmark is one of 2 benchmarks available to assess the condition of SLS.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 45% T Organic Litter 90%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 4 45 Medium shrub/small shrub S 9 40 Herbs and orchids H 3 5 Non tussock grass NTG 1 2 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 3 5 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 2 5 Ground fern GF 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 10 Total 8 24

Species lists: Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Allocasuarina monilifera necklace sheoak T Banksia marginata silver banksia T Leptospermum scoparium common teatree T Monotoca glauca goldey wood T Monotoca submutica roundleaf monotoca T Oxylobium ellipticum golden shaggypea T Pultenaea juniperina prickly beauty T

Last reviewed - 30 August 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SLS Leptospermum scoparium heathland and scrub: scrub facies Species lists:

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus amygdalina black peppermint Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus nitida western peppermint Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia verticillata prickly mimosa T Aotus ericoides golden pea S Allocasuarina zephyrea western sheoak S Bauera rubioides wiry bauera S Boronia spp. boronia S Melaleuca virens prickly bottlebrush S Cyathodes glauca purple cheeseberry S Dillwynia spp. parrotpea S Epacris impressa common heath S Hakea spp. needlebushes S Hibbertia riparia erect guinea flower S Leptecophylla spp. pinkberry S Leptospermum nitidum shiny teatree S Leucopogon spp. beardheath S Lomatia tinctoria guitarplant S Melaleuca squamea. swamp honeymyrtle S Pultenaea spp. bushpea S Richea procera lax candleheath S Sprengelia spp. swampheath S Drosera spp. sundew H Gonocarpus spp. raspwort H Orchidaceae orchid H Stylidium graminifolium narrowleaf triggerplant H Xanthosia pusilla small xanthosia H Ehrharta spp. ricegrass NTG Blandfordia punicea christmas bell LSR Dianella tasmanica forest flaxlily LSR Diplarrena moraea white flag-iris LSR Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Lepidosperma spp. swordsedge LSR Leptocarpus tenax slender twinerush LSR Empodisma minus spreading roperush MSR Patersonia fragilis short purpleflag MSR Schoenus lepidosperma slender bogsedge MSR Selaginella uliginosa swamp spikemoss GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present. Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SMM Melaleuca squamea heathland

Community Description:

Melaleuca squamea forms a short open to dense canopy of low diversity to 1-2 m high and occurs on slopes, ridge tops and better-drained plateaux, most commonly at altitudes above 650 m, on sites of low fertility. There may be openings of buttongrass or sedges such as Baloskion tetraphyllum, Leptocarpus tenax, Lepyrodia tasmanica and Gahnia grandis.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 75% S Organic Litter 10%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Medium shrub/small shrub S 2 75 Herbs and orchids H 1 5 Large tussock grass LTG 1 10 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 3 15 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 4 15 Ground fern GF 1 5 Total 6 12

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SMM Melaleuca squamea heathland

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Melaleuca squamea swamp honeymyrtle S

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Baeckea gunniana alpine heathmyrtle S Eucalyptus vernicosa varnish gum S Leptospermum nitidum shiny teatree S Sprengelia incarnata pink swampheath S Agastachys odorata fragrant candlebush S Cenarrhenes nitida native plum S Monotoca submutica broomheath S Richea milliganii nodding candleheath S Epacris serpyllifolia alpine heath S Dracophyllum milliganii curly mountainheath S Cyathodes dealbata carpet cheeseberry PS Microcachrys tetragona creeping pine PS Pentachondra pumila carpet frillyheath PS Poa gunnii gunns snowgrass LTG Blandfordia punicea christmas bells LSR Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus buttongrass LSR Astelia alpina pineapple grass MSR Carpha alpina alpine strawsedge MSR Empodisma minus spreading roperush MSR Eurychorda complanata flat cordrush MSR Isophysis tasmanica tasmanian purple star MSR Xyris spp. yelloweye MSR Gleichenia alpina alpine coralfern GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 3

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SMP Melaleuca pustulata scrub

Community Description:

Melaleuca pustulata scrub is a tall to medium dense shrubby vegetation dominated by Melaleuca pustulata naturally occurring along creeks and hill slopes on a range of soil types over dolerite. This community is confined to the central east coast from around Swansea to Cherry Tree Hill and inland to the lower slopes of the Eastern Tiers, where it can be locally common especially in areas previously cleared. Eucalypts and other trees may form a sparse emergent canopy. The ground layer often includes native grasses, sedges and shrubs less than a metre in height. This is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the listed Melaleuca pustulata scrub community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 70% T Organic Litter 80%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Expected Tree or large shrub T 3 70 Medium shrub/small shrub S 3 10 Herbs and orchids H 4 5 Large tussock grass LTG 1 1 Medium tussock grass MTG 2 5 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 2 5 Medium sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 2 1 Ground ferns GF 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 10 Total 9 19

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SMP Melaleuca pustulata scrub

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Melaleuca pustulata warty paperbark T Pteridium esculentum bracken GF

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus amygdalina black peppermint Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus barberi barbers gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus ovata black gum Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus pulchella white peppermint Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus tenuiramis silver peppermint Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia spp. wattle T Allocasuarina littoralis black sheoak T Banksia marginata silver banksia T Callitris rhomboidea oyster bay pine T Cassinia aculeata dollybush T Leptospermum lanigerum woolly teatree T Micranthum hexandrum river tridentbush T Epacris spp. heath S Ozothamnus scutellifolius buttonleaf everlastingbush S Geranium potentilloides Mountain cranesbill H Hydrocotyle spp. pennywort H Lagenophora stipitata blue bottledaisy H Stylidium spp. triggerplant H Veronica spp. speedwell H Viola hederacea ivyleaf violet H Themeda triandra kangaroo grass LTG Austrostipa spp. speargrass MTG Poa spp. tussockgrass MTG Lepidosperma spp. swordsedge LSR Gahnia spp. sawsedge LSR Lepidosperma inops fan sedge MSR Pteridium esculentum bracken GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 1

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SMR Melaleuca squarrosa scrub

Community Description:

Melaleuca squarrosa scrub is a closed canopy scrub 2-3 (5) m high on poorly drained flats underlain by peat developed on various substrates. Melaleuca squarrosa dominates, usually with some of M. squamea, Banksia marginata, Hakea epiglottis and Acacia mucronata. There may be openings of buttongrass or sedges such as Baloskion tetraphyllum, Leptocarpus tenax, Lepyrodia tasmanica and Gahnia grandis. Melaleuca squarrosa scrub is widespread through western Tasmania, especially in lowland areas of poor drainage surrounded by heathland and sedgeland. The community also occurs in the north-east and far north-west of Tasmania.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 75% T Organic Litter 10%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Large shrub or tree T 4 75 Medium shrub/small shrub S 2 5 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 3 15 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 2 5 Ground fern GF 1 5 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphyte SCE 1 2 Total 6 13

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SMR Melaleuca squarrosa scrub

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Melaleuca squarrosa scented paperbark T

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia mucronata caterpillar wattle T Banksia marginata silver banksia T Leptospermum lanigerum woolly teatree T Leptospermum scoparium common teatree T Melaleuca squamea swamp honeymyrtle T Bauera rubioides wiry bauera S Hakea epiglottis beaked needlebush S Monotoca submutica broomheath S Philotheca virgata (west coast) twiggy waxflower S Sprengelia incarnata pink swampheath S Baloskion australe southern cordrush LSR Baloskion tetraphyllum tassel cordrush LSR Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus buttongrass LSR Lepidosperma spp. swordsedge LSR Leptocarpus tenax slender twinerush LSR Sporadanthus tasmanicus branching scalerush LSR Empodisma minus spreading roperush MSR Schoenus lepidosperma slender bogsedge MSR Tetraria capillaris hair sedge MSR Xyris spp. yelloweye MSR Gleichenia dicarpa pouched coralfern GF Selaginella spp. spikemoss GF Calorophus elongatus Long roperush SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SRE Eastern riparian scrub

Community Description:

Eastern riparian scrub is found along creeks and rivers of the Tasmanian mainland from sea level to 600 m within the Northern Midlands, Ben Lomond, Flinders and Tasmanian South East Bioregions. The structure and floristics of SRE are variable depending on hydrological and other disturbance regimes, however indicative species include Micrantheum hexandrum, Leptospermum lanigerum, Grevillea australis and Spyridium lawrencei. This is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the eastern distribution of the listed Riparian scrub community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002).

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 80% T Organic Litter 60%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 4 80 Medium shrub/small shrub S 2 5 Herbs and orchids H 3 5 Large tussock grass LTG 1 5 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 3 5 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 2 5 Ground fern GF 1 5 Tree fern TF 1 1 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphytes SCE 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 5 Total 10 19

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SRE Eastern riparian scrub Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Acacia mucronata caterpillar wattle T Leptospermum lanigerum woolly teatree T Pomaderris apetala common dogwood T Micrantheum hexandrum river trident bush T Grevillea australis southern grevillea T

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia axillaris midlands wattle T Acacia derwentiana derwent wattle T Acacia verniciflua varnish wattle T Aristotelia peduncularis heart berry T Asterotrichion discolor tasmanian currajong T Beyeria viscosa pink wood T Bursaria spinosa prickly box T Callitris spp. oyster bay & south esk pines T Coprosma quadrifida native currant T Dodonaea viscosa broad lead hop bush T Leptospermum spp. tea tree T Nematolepis squamea satinwood T Olearia argophylla musk daisy bush T Olearia lirata forest daisy bush T Ozothamnus ferrugineus tree everlasting bush T Pomaderris spp. dogwood T Prostanthera lasianthos christmas mintbush T Pultenaea juniperina prickly beauty T Zieria arborescens stinkwood T Bauera rubioides wiry bauera S Melaleuca pallida yellow bottlebrush S Melaleuca virens prickly bottlebrush S Pimelea drupacea cheery rice flower S Spyridium lawrencei small-leaf dusty miller S Acaena novae-zelandiae common buzzy H Hydrocotyle spp. pennywort H Senecio spp. groundsel H Poa labillardierei silver tussockgrass LTG Carex spp. sedge LSR Juncus spp. rush LSR Lepidosperma spp. swordsedge LSR Lomandra longifolia sagg LSR Carex spp. sedge MSR Juncus spp. rush MSR Blechnum spp. waterfern GF Polystichum proliferum mother shieldfern GF Pteridium esculentum bracken GF Dicksonia antarctica soft treefern TF Clematis spp. clematis SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present. Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SRF Leptospermum with rainforest scrub

Community Description:

Leptospermum with rainforest scrub is a 2 - 5 (8) m scrub with an uneven canopy dominated by Leptospermum species (often L. lanigerum). Small rainforest trees are represented in the understorey, which typically is also rich in Bauera rubioides and may have shrubby heath species. There may be scattered emergent Eucalyptus nitida or, on the margins of tall wet forests, E. obliqua or E. delegatensis. Rainforest regrowth after fire is included in this community in World Heritage Area mapping, as is rainforest (of various forms) closely combined with Melaleuca or Leptospermum species scrub.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 60% T Organic Litter 5%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 7 60 Medium shrub/small shrub S 5 20 Herbs and orchids H 2 1 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 2 10 Ground fern GF 2 1 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphytes SCE 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 1 Total 7 20

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SRF Leptospermum with rainforest scrub

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Leptospermum lanigerum woolly teatree T Leptospermum scoparium common teatree T

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus nitida western peppermint Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus obliqua stringybark Scattered trees only, when present Eucalyptus delegatensis gumtopped stringybark Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia spp. wattle T Anodopetalum biglandulosum horizontal T Anopterus glandulosus tasmanian laurel T Cenarrhenes nitida native plum T Eucryphia lucida leatherwood T Hakea lissosperma mountain needlebush T Melaleuca spp. paperbark T Nematolepis squamea satinwood T Nothofagus cunninghamii myrtle beech T Orites diversifolia variable orites T Phyllocladus aspleniifolius celerytop pine T Pittosporum bicolor cheesewood T Tasmannia lanceolata mountain pepper T Telopea truncata tasmanian waratah T Bauera rubioides wiry bauera S Coprosma nitida mountain currant S Gonocarpus spp. raspwort H Stylidium spp. triggerplant H Empodisma minus spreading roperush LSR Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Lepidosperma spp. swordsedge LSR Blechnum wattsii hard waterfern GF Gleichenia spp. coralfern GF Billardierei spp. appleberry SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SRH Rookery halophytic herbland

Community Description:

SRH is a disturbance-induced low herbland < 1 m tall characterised by dense mats of succulent plants (including both shrubs and herbs). It occurs on deep soft soil often in association with seabird rookeries. Ground cover can be almost 100% with only the runs exposed; in some rookeries, the runs are covered by vegetation. This is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the halophytic herbland component of the listed Seabird rookery complex community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 50% SCE Organic Litter 5%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Medium shrub/small shrub S 2 10 Herbs and orchids H 10 20 Medium to small tussock grass MTG 2 20 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 2 30 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 2 10 Ground fern GF 1 20 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphytes SCE 3 50 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 10 Total 8 23

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SRH Rookery halophytic herbland

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Rhagodia candolleana subsp. coastal saltbush SCE candolleana Carpobrotus rossii angled pigface SCE Tetragonia implexicoma bower spinach SCE

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Solanum spp. nightshade S Lepidium foliosum leafy peppercress H Parietaria debilis shade pellitory H Senecio capillifolius fine leafed coast groundsel H Senecio pinnatifolius var. dune groundsel H pinnatifolius Lomandra longifolia sagg LSR Atriplex cinerea grey saltbush SCE Disphyma crassifolia subsp. roundleaf pigface SCE clavellatum Einadia nutans subsp. nutans climbing saltbush SCE Poa poiformis coastal tussockgrass MTG Pteridium esculentum bracken GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 3

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SSC Coastal scrub

Community Description:

Coastal scrub occurs on consolidated dunes, sand sheets and rocky headlands in exposed situations very close to the coast. It has a diverse variety of shrubs and a sometimes uneven structure because of the sites’ highly variable topography and degree of exposure to the wind. The community may have a dense closed canopy due to wind pruning, generally between 2-8m tall. The canopy is typically a mix of Banksia marginata, Leucopogon parviflorus, L. australis, Monotoca glauca, Leptospermum species (L. glaucescens and L. lanigerum never dominant) and Acacia species (Acacia longifolia never dominant). On the south and west coasts there may also be Westringia brevifolia, Olearia lepidophylla and Leptecophylla abietina, with a few herbs beneath if there are openings in the canopy.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 80% T Organic Litter 50%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 6 80 Medium shrub/small shrub S 3 5 Herbs and orchids H 1 1 Medium to small tussock grass MTG 1 1 Non-tussock grass NTG 1 1 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 1 Ground fern GF 1 1 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphyte SCE 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 10 Total 9 16

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SSC Coastal scrub

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Acacia species wattle T Banksia marginata silver banksia T Leptospermum species teatree T Leucopogon australis spike beardheath T Leucopogon parviflorus coast beardheath T

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Westringia brevifolia coast westringia T Leptecophylla abietina west coast pink berry T Kunzea ambigua white kunzea T Leptospermum glaucescens smoky teatree T Olearia lepidophylla club moss daisy bush T Monotoca glauca goldey wood T Acacia spp. wattle S Allocasuarina spp. sheoak S Amperea xiphoclada broom spurge S Aotus ericoides golden pea S Astroloma pinifolium pine heath S Correa spp. correa S Epacris spp. heath S Isopogon ceratophyllus (Flinders Island only) horny conebush S Lasiopetalum macrophyllum shrubby velvetbush S Leucopogon spp. beardheath S Oxylobium ellipticum golden shaggypea S Pultenaea juniperina prickly beauty S Richea procera lax candleheath S Spyridium spp. dustymiller S Thryptomene micrantha ribbed heathmyrtle S Xanthorrhoea australis southern grasstree S Hibbertia spp. guineaflower PS Styphelia adscendens golden heath PS Goodenia lanata trailing native-primrose H Pelargonium australe southern storksbill H Stylidium spp. triggerplant H Poa spp. tussockgrass MTG Ehrharta spp. ricegrass NTG Gahnia grandis (west coast only) cutting grass LSR Hypolaena fastigiata tassel roperush MSR Lepidosperma concavum sand swordsedge MSR Lepidosperma spp. swordsedge MSR Gleichenia dicarpa (west coast only) pouched coralfern GF Gleichenia microphylla (west coast only) scrambling coralfern GF Billardiera spp. appleberry SCE Glycine clandestina twining glycine SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 3

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SSK Scrub complex on King Island

Community Description:

Scrub complex on King Island comprises a successional series from sedgeland to heathland to scrub. The community is complex in its structure and species diversity. In some places, it occurs as a tight mosaic of the different structural units, while in other places one of these units will cover large areas. The sedgeland is characterised by sclerophyllous graminoids, the heathlands by low shrubs and the scrub by Myrtaceous species in addition to Acacia, Banksia and Allocasuarina species. Occasional emergent Eucalyptus species may be present.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 60% T Organic Litter 15%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 5 60 Medium shrub/small shrub S 12 20 Prostrate shrub PS 1 1 Herbs and orchids H 8 1 Medium to small tussock grass MTG 1 1 Tiny grass/tiny sedge/tiny lily TGS 2 1 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 4 10 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 2 5 Ground fern GF 4 1 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphyte SCE 3 10 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 10 Total 11 43

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SSK Scrub complex on King Island Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Banksia marginata silver banksia T Leptospermum scoparium common teatree T Melaleuca ericifolia coast paperbark T Melaleuca squarrosa scented paperbark T

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Acacia mucronata caterpillar wattle T Acacia verticillata prickly moses T Allocasuarina monilifera necklace sheoak T Monotoca glauca goldey wood T Amperea xiphoclada broom spurge S Aotus ericoides golden pea S Boronia anemonifolia stinky boronia S Dillwynia glaberrima smooth parrotpea S Epacris impressa common heath S Leptecophylla juniperina pinkberry S Leucopogon ericoides pink beardheath S Pimelea linifolia slender riceflower S Sprengelia incarnata pink swampheath S Hibbertia spp. guineaflower PS Drosera spp. sundew H Mitrasacme pilosa var. pilosa hairy mitrewort H Utricularia lateriflora tiny bladderwort H Xanthosia tridentata hill crossherb H Ehrharta distichophylla hairy ricegrass NTG Dianella tasmanica forest flaxlily LSR Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Lepidosperma filiforme common rapiersedge LSR Baloskion tetraphyllum tassel cordrush MSR Hypolaena fastigiata tassel roperush MSR Lepidosperma concavum sand swordsedge MSR Patersonia fragilis short purpleflag MSR Xyris spp. yelloweye MSR Centrolepis spp. bristlewort TGS Isolepis spp. clubsedge TGS Schoenus spp. bogsedge TGS Blechnum spp. waterfern GF Lindsaea linearis screw fern GF Pteridium esculentum bracken GF Schizaea fistulosa narrow combfern GF Selaginella uliginosa spikemoss GF Bauera rubioides wiry bauera SCE Cassytha spp. dodderlaurel SCE Empodisma minus spreading roperush SCE Muehlenbeckia adpressa climbing lignum SCE Sporadanthus tasmanicus branching scalerush SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 1

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SSW Western subalpine scrub: Banksia marginata facies

Community Description:

Western subalpine scrub is very variable in structure and density. This community commonly exhibits high diversity, prominently including Leptospermum nitidum, Eucalyptus vernicosa, Monotoca submutica, Agastachys odorata and Cenarrhenes nitida. This facies of SSW is associated with Nothofagus gunnii/Athrotaxis selaginoides shrublands, and appears to have replaced them in the distant past. It is dominated by Banksia marginata with small Nothofagus cunninghamii, Leptospermum nitidum, and abundant Eucryphia milliganii and may also have Agastachys odorata, Cenarrhenes nitida, Melaleuca squamea and Epacris serpyllifolia. Buttongrass as single tussocks may occur. This benchmark is one of 2 benchmarks available to assess the condition of SSW and is used to assess the condition of this vegetation where Banksia marginata is the dominant cover. Note that this is not the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the listed Banksia marginata wet scrub community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002). For this, the benchmark for TASVEG SBM is recommended.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 55% T Organic Litter 80%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 5 55 Medium shrub/small shrub S 3 20 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 5 Scrambler/climber/epiphyte SCE 1 2 Mosses and lichens ML 1 2 Total 5 11

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SSW Western subalpine scrub: Banksia marginata facies

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Banksia marginata silver banksia T

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Agastachys odorata fragrant candlebush T Banksia marginata silver banksia T Cenarrhenes nitida native plum T Leptospermum nitidum shiny teatree T Nothofagus cunninghamii myrtle beech T Epacris heteronema southwest heath S Epacris serpyllifolia alpine heath S Eucryphia milliganii dwarf leatherwood S Melaleuca squamea swamp honeymyrtle S Sprengelia incarnata pink swampheath S Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus buttongrass LSR Empodisma minus spreading roperush MSR Bauera rubioides wiry bauera SCE Calorophus spp. roperush SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 1

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SSW Western subalpine scrub: Leptospermum nitidum facies

Community Description:

Western subalpine scrub is very variable in structure and density. This community commonly exhibits high diversity but prominent species include Leptospermum nitidum, Eucalyptus vernicosa, Monotoca submutica, Agastachys odorata and Cenarrhenes nitida. At some sites there are canopy gaps with patches of graminoid species. At yet other sites, usually more sheltered, this mapping unit may contain patches of scrub with dwarf forms of Nothofagus cunninghamii and Eucryphia milliganii. A simple facies consists of Melaleuca squamea forming an open canopy over graminoid heathland dominated by Eurychorda complanata, with few other woody species but sometimes containing Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus. This benchmark is one of 2 benchmarks available to assess the condition of SSW. A separate benchmark for SSW dominated by Banksia marginata is available.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 60% S Organic Litter 5%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Medium shrub/small shrub S 4 60 Prostrate shrub PS 1 5 Herbs and orchids H 3 3 Tiny grass/tiny sedge/tiny lily TGS 1 1 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 5 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 2 25 Ground fern GF 1 2 Total 7 13

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SSW Western subalpine scrub: Leptospermum nitidum facies

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Agastachys odorata fragrant candlebush S Cenarrhenes nitida native plum S Eucryphia milliganii dwarf leatherwood S Leptospermum nitidum shiny teatree S Leptospermum scoparium common teatree S Melaleuca squamea swamp honeymyrtle S Monotoca submutica broomheath S Persoonia gunnii geebung S

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Baeckea leptocaulis slender heathmyrtle S Banksia marginata silver banksia S Bellendena montana mountain rocket S Boronia citriodora lemon boronia S Epacris heteronema (in lower parts) southwest heath S Epacris serpyllifolia (at higher altitudes) alpine heath S Hakea epiglottis beaked needlebush S Leptecophylla juniperina subsp. parvifolia mountain pinkberry S Lomatia polymorpha mountain guitarplant S Olearia persoonioides geebung daisybush S Olearia phlogopappa dusty daisybush S Orites revoluta revolute orites S Richea milliganii nodding candleheath S Richea pandanifolia pandani S Richea scoparia scoparia S Sprengelia incarnata pink swampheath S Telopea truncata tasmanian waratah S Tetracarpaea tasmanica delicate laurel S Trochocarpa gunnii fragrant purpleberry S Bauera rubioides wiry bauera PS Dracophyllum milliganii curly mountainheath PS Anemone crassifolia mountain anemone H Astelia alpina pineapple grass H Blandfordia punicea christmas bells H Isophysis tasmanica tasmanian purplestar H Senecio pectinatus alpine groundsel H Carpha alpina alpine strawsedge TGS Oreobolus spp. cushionsedge TGS Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus buttongrass LSR Eurychorda complanata flat chordrush MSR Gleichenia alpina alpine coralfern GF

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SSZ Spray zone coastal complex

Community Description:

Spray zone coastal complex occurs on steep coastal slopes and cliffs of high-energy coastlines subject to extreme salt spray and often inundation. This wind-pruned vegetation is comprised of highly salt tolerant coastal heathland and succulent herbfield. Several plant sub-communities may co-exist within a relatively small area, with their distribution relating to exposure, substrate type and length of inundation. Species diversity and density of cover increases on more protected sites. Lichens often encrust the rocks. This is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the listed Spray zone coastal complex community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 60% SCE Organic Litter 5%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Medium shrub/small shrub S 2 20 Herbs and orchids H 10 5 Large tussock grass LTG 2 5 Medium to small tussock grass MTG 1 5 Non-tussock grass NTG 1 1 Tiny grass/tiny sedge/tiny lily TGS 3 1 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 4 5 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 1 Ground fern GF 1 1 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphyte SCE 1 60 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 10 Total 11 27

Last reviewed - 30 August 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SSZ Spray zone coastal complex

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Rhagodia candolleana subsp. candolleana coastal saltbush SCE Disphyma crassifolium subsp. clavellatum roundleaf pigface SCE Carpobrotus rossii native pigface SCE

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Alyxia buxifolia seabox S Calytrix tetragona common fringemyrtle S Correa backhouseana velvet correa S Myoporum insulare common boobialla S Leptecophylla abietina seaspray pinkberry S Leucophyta brownii cushion bush S Olearia glutinosa sticky daisybush S Olearia lepidophylla clubmoss daisybush S Ozothamnus turbinatus coast everlastingbush S Apium prostratum creeping sea-celery H Crassula sieberiana stonecrop H Lepidium foliosum leafy peppercress H Lobelia anceps angled lobelia H Pelargonium australe southern storksbill H Samolus repens creeping brookweed H Sarcocornia quinqueflora glasswort H Stylidium graminifolium narrowleaf triggerplant H Poa poiformis coastal tussockgrass LTG Themeda triandra kangaroo grass LTG Austrostipa stipoides coast speargrass MTG Distichlis distichophylla australian saltgrass NTG Spinifex sericeus beach spinifex NTG Isolepis nodosa knobby clubsedge LSR Lomandra longifolia sagg LSR Schoenus nitens shiny bogsedge MSR Centrolepis spp. bristlewort TGS Isolepis spp. clubsedge TGS Schoenus spp. bogsedge TGS Pteridium esculentum bracken GF Selaginella uliginosa swamp spikemoss GF Muehlenbeckia adpressa climbing lignum SCE Tetragonia implexicoma bower spinach SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes SWR Western regrowth complex

Community Description:

Western regrowth complex comprises open sedgeland, shrubland or scrub characterised by disturbance-adaptive species on highly disturbed sites in the north-west of the state. It is distinguished by combinations of Acacia mucronata, A. dealbata, A. melanoxylon and Baloskion tetraphyllum, with a high proportion of bare ground and little or no soil. This benchmark best describes the scrub component of this complex.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 50% T Organic Litter 1%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 5 50 Medium shrub/small shrub S 7 5 Herbs and orchids H 1 1 Non-tussock grass NTG 1 1 Tiny sedge/Rush/sagg/lily TGS 1 2 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 20 Medium sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 4 5 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 5 Total 8 21

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SWR Western regrowth complex

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Acacia mucronata erect caterpillar wattle T Acacia dealbata silver wattle T Acacia melanoxylon blackwood T

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Leptospermum nitidum shiny teatree T Leptospermum scoparium common teatree T Nematolepis squamea satinwood T Oxylobium arborescens tall shaggypea T Phyllocladus aspleniifolius celerytop pine T Pittosporum bicolour cheesewood T Agastachys odorata fragrant candlebush S Anopterus glandulosus tasmanian laurel S Cenarrhenes nitida native plum S Epacris heteronema southwest heath S Epacris serpyllifolia alpine heath S Gaultheria hispida copperleaf snowberry S Olearia spp. daisybush S Persoonia spp. geebung S Sprengelia incarnata pink swampheath S Tasmannia lanceolata mountain pepper S Telopea truncata tasmanian waratah S Drosera pygmaea dwarf sundew H Stylidium graminifolium narrowleaf triggerplant H Ehrharta spp. ricegrass NTG Baloskion tetraphyllum tassel cordrush LSR Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus buttongrass LSR Blandfordia punicea christmas bells MSR Calorophus spp. roperush MSR Diplarrena latifolia western flag-iris MSR Leptocarpus tenax slender twinerush MSR Sporadanthus tasmanicus branching scalerush MSR Eurychorda complanata flat cordrush MSR Empodisma minus spreading roperush MSR Centrolepis spp. cushion bristlewort TGS Juncus planifolius broadleaf rush TGS Xyris spp. yelloweye TGS

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 3

Scrub, Heathland and Coastal Complexes

SWW Western wet scrub

Community Description:

Western wet scrub is a dense, uneven scrub with up to five teatree and paperbark species plus Acacia mucronata and Bauera rubioides, often with Banksia marginata and Monotoca submutica. Eucalyptus nitida saplings are often emergent. Western wet scrub is abundant in western Tasmania from near sea level to about 750 m.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % LF Code Dominant Life Form 60% T Organic Litter 40%

Expected Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Tree or large shrub T 6 60 Medium shrub/small shrub S 4 35 Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 2 10 Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 5 Ground fern GF 1 5 Scrambler/Climber/Epiphyte SCE 2 10 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 30 Total 7 17

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

SWW Western wet scrub

Species lists:

Dominant Species Common Name LF Code Acacia mucronata caterpillar wattle T Banksia marginata silver banksia T Leptospermum glaucescens smoky teatree T Leptospermum nitidum shiny teatree T Melaleuca squamea swamp honeymyrtle T

Emergent Tree Species Common Name Notes Eucalyptus nitida western peppermint Scattered trees only, when present

Other Typical Species * Common Name LF Code Cenarrhenes nitida native plum T Eucalyptus nitida Western peppermint T Leptospermum scoparium common teatree T Melaleuca squarrosa scented paperbark T Monotoca submutica mountain broomheath T Oxylobium ellipticum golden shaggypea T Phyllocladus aspleniifolius celerytop pine T Allocasuarina monilifera necklace sheoak S Dillwynia glaberrima smooth parrotpea S Epacris impressa common heath S Pultenaea juniperina prickly beauty S Blandfordia punicea christmas bells LSR Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus buttongrass LSR Lepidosperma filiforme common rapiersedge MSR Leptocarpus tenax slender twinerush MSR Sporadanthus tasmanicus branching scalerush MSR Gleichenia dicarpa pouched coralfern GF Lycopodium fastigiatum mountain clubmoss GF Selaginella uliginosa swamp spikemoss GF Bauera rubioides wiry bauera SCE Calorophus elongatus long roperush SCE Empodisma minus spreading roperush SCE

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present.