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Status of Wild Grape Cultivation and Distribution in Korea Focused on Paju City in Gyeonggi Province and Muju County North Jeolla Province

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Status of Wild Grape Cultivation and Distribution in Korea Focused on Paju City in Gyeonggi Province and Muju County North Jeolla Province 九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository Status of Wild Grape Cultivation and Distribution in Korea Focused on Paju City in Gyeonggi Province and Muju County North Jeolla Province Lee, Sang Hyun Faculty of Forest Science, Chonbuk National University Kang, Hag Mo Gyeonggi-do Forest Environment Research Station Choi, Soo Im Korea Forest Research Institute Seo, Byung Soo Faculty of Forest Science, Chonbuk National University 他 https://doi.org/10.5109/9309 出版情報：九州大学大学院農学研究院紀要. 52 (1), pp.229-237, 2007-02-28. 九州大学大学院農学研究 院 バージョン： 権利関係： J. Fac. Agr., Kyushu Univ., 52 (1), 229–237 (2007) Status of Wild Grape Cultivation and Distribution in Korea Focused on Paju City in Gyeonggi Province and Muju County North Jeolla Province Sang Hyun LEE1, Hag Mo KANG2*, Soo Im CHOI3, Byung Soo SEO1, Hyun Kim1, Young Jin CHO1, Ho Sub LIM1 and Katsuhisa KOHROKI Laboratory of Forest Policy, Division of Forest Environment and Management Sciences, Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812–8581, Japan (Received November 9, 2006 and accepted December 1, 2006) Wild grapes are grown throughout Korea as a short–term income crop of forest products, and a part of measure to deal with the Uruguay Round. Local governments are providing farm assistance and helping growers to construct facilities needed to grow wild grapes. However, this fruit is produced excessively, and not sold readily due to the difficulty in finding appropriate distribution channels in recent years. In this study, the level of wild grape production in Paju City in Gyeonggi Province and Muju County in North Jeolla Province, and distribution channels were examined to seek ways for the growers to gain more profits. The results showed that the growers need 1) systematic growing techniques to produce premium grade wild grapes, 2) the expansion of cooling facilities to store their product long enough for distribution without damaging the product, 3) support from the local government to recover from natural disasters and to assist processing facilities, and 4) on–going sales and promotion activities through various media, such as the Internet. Nonetheless, more efforts area needed such as discovering other income crops along with support for these growers, such as securing distribution channels for stable sales. not sold readily due to lack of recognition by Korean INTRODUCTION consumers, and processed goods, such as wild grape It was about 15 to 20 years ago when Korean farm- wine are competing with imported wine but not faring ers started to grow wild grapes depending on different well. Despite all these difficulties, there has not been a regions. Wild grapes were processed into different quantitative study on wild grape growers in Korea. products such as wine in the mid 1990’s. The so–called Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain actual wild grapes grown in Korea are a cross breed between statistics from wild grape growers in Korea in order to grapes and wild grapes (Vitis Fexuosa) (Korea forest identify problems with wild grape growth, and point out Service, 1993) in which slip cuttings were obtained from the direction of better future for these farmers. the resulting seedling and grown into wild grape trees. They are grown throughout Korea including Paju City in METHODS Gyeonggi Province, Pyungchang County and Goseong County in Gangwon Province, and Muju County and The study was done by surveying large wild farms in Imsil County in North Jeolla Province. Compared with which 23 wild grape farms in Juksong Myun, Paju city in the year 2000, the level and value of production were Gyeonggi Province, and 22 farms in Juksang Myun, Muju increased by three–folds in the year 2004 at 993,704 kg County in North Jeolla Province. The survey was done and 3.2 billion won, respectively. The level of produc- through interviewing the growers for 1 month from early tion was the highest in North Jeolla Province, followed March to early April, 2006. The items related with pro- by Kunggi, Gangwon, and North Kyungsang Provinces duction such as labor force, employment status, income, (Table 1). As a forest product, wild grapes offer a good land used for wild grape growth, and crops grown were prospect as a short–term income generating crop for investigated. The size of wild grape farms, their produc- farmers who need to compete with other farmers in the tion levels, and distribution status were also investi- world with the Uruguay Round. Especially, they are not gated. The results obtained were categorized into labor intensive (Kim and Kim, 1995), providing an different regions, years, levels of wild grape production, advantage in Korea where labor cost is expensive, so and sizes of farm and analyzed by a category. that local governments have extended support to the growers of this crop. However, the level of production is RESULTS AND DISCUSSION excessive, resulting in price drop. Moreover, they are General Situation of Wild Grape Cultivation and Production Levels in the Investigated Regions 1 Faculty of Forest Science, Chonbuk National University, Paju City in Gyeonggi Province Chonju, 561–756, Korea In Paju City in Gyeonggi Province, there were 80 2 Gyeonggi–do Forest Environment Research Station, Osan, 447–290, Korea farms growing wild grapes in a total land size of 65 ha at 3 Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, 130–712, Korea a total production level of 600 tons, giving a total of 1.3 * Corresponding author (E–mail: [email protected]) billion won with each farm income of 16 million won in 229 230 S. H. LEE et al. 2005. In 2006, 160 farms grow wild grapes in a total Statistics Related with Wild Grape Farms land size of 240 ha at a total production level of Production Structure 2,200 tons, giving a total of 1.3 billion won with each Labor Force Composition farm income of 28 million won. Thus, the size of wild Among 45 farms investigated, a total of 104 workers grape growth and per farm income were increased by were present, who were older than 20 years of age, about four folds and two folds, respectively, compared resulting in 2.3 workers per farm. In Paju city in with the year 2005. In 2005, 1.34 billion won was Gyeonggi Province, the average number and age of invested to build underground aging room space and workers were 2.3persons and 64 years, respectively. In storage facilities. In 2006, a 630 million won budget is Muju County in North Jeolla Province, they were 2.3 and set aside to build facilities to produce and process wild 62, respectively (Table 2). grape wine. Profits made were 490 million won between Excluding Those Under 20 Years of Age 1999–2006 by exporting 127,350 kg of wild grape juice The most prevalent age of labor force was the 60’s at and wine to Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong and the 34%, followed by over 70 years of age at 29% and the United States, and 2.02 billion won in 3 years between 50’s at 16%. In Paju City, it was the 60’s and older than 2003–2005 (Paju City, 2006). 70 years of age at 37% and 24%, composing 61% of the Muju County in North Jeolla Province total work force. In Muju County, over 70 years of age In Muju Kun in North Jeolla Province, 178 farms and the 60’s were 34% and 30%, respectively, compos- grew wild grapes in 80 ha land, producing a total of ing 64% of the total work force. Thus, the work force 800 tons in 2005. For 3 years between 2001 and 2003, a was older than that in Paju City. On the other hand, the total investment of 440 million won was made with the employment status in Paju City showed that among 54 farmers paying 40% of this investment. Four wineries people surveyed, 4 persons were regular forest workers, are located in this area, and produce 327 tons of wine whereas 4 were temporary workers. In Muju County, 1 and sold 300 tons yearly. However, one winery has a was regular forestry worker, 1 was self–employed, and 3 stock of 280,000 bottles of wine, but sold only 10,000 were temporary workers among 50 people. This low bottles so far and expressed difficulties exporting wild employment status is probably due to difficulty finding grape wine. jobs in older people and family–oriented farming structure (Table 2). Table 1. Yearly and regional wild grape growth in Korea Amount Value Classification (kg) (mil won) 2000 289,789 1,217 2001 305,742 1,316 Year 2002 577,691 2,018 2003 653,410 2,484 2004 993,704 3,229 North Jeolla 437,385(44.0) 1,356 Gyeonggi 314,341(31.6) 729 Gangwon 114,058(11.5) 660 Province North Kyungsang 61,325(6.2) 215 South Kyungsang 33,057(3.3) 101 North Chungchung 31,700(3.2) 159 Other 1,838(0.2) 9 Note: The number in parenthesis is the % ratio Data: Korea Forestry Service. 2005. Annual statistics of forestry. 35: 298 Table 2. Status of labor composition Unit: persons Total Over 70 Households 20’s 30’s 40’s 50’s 60’s (H) Total Males Females years Total 1 8 13 17 35 30 104 51 53 (45 H) (1.0) (7.7) (12.5) (16.3) (33.7) (28.8) Paju City 6 3 12 20 13 54 27 27 – (23 H) (11.1) (5.6) (22.2) (37.0) (24.1) Muju County 1 2 10 5 15 17 50 24 26 (22 H) (2.0) (4.0) (20.0) (10.0) (30.0) (34.0) Note: 1) The number in parenthesis is the ratio (%) 2) Excluding those under 20 years of age Status of Wild Grape Cultivation and Distribution in Korea 231 Status of Land Cultivated farmers in Paju city and Muju County surveyed are seek- Among 45 farms investigated in Muju County, 2 ing to expand their reproduction by securing livelihood farms did not have land and 43 farms owned 58.4 ha.
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