A Sociolinguistic Comparison Between Algerian and Maltese
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The Sicilian Revolution of 1848 As Seen from Malta
The Sicilian Revolution of 1848 as seen from Malta Alessia FACINEROSO, Ph.D. e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Following the Sicilian revolution of 1848, many italian intellectuals and politicalfiguresfound refuge in Malta where they made use ofthe Freedom ofthe Press to divulge their message ofunification to the mainland. Britain harboured hopes ofseizing Sicily to counterbalance French expansion in the Mediterranean and tended to support the legitimate authority rather than separatist ideals. Maltese newspapers reflected these opposing ideas. By mid-1849 the revolution was dead. Keywords: 1848 Sicilian revolution, Italian exiles, Freedom of the Press, Maltese newspapers. The outbreak of Sicilian revolution of 12 January 1848 was precisely what everyone in Malta had been expecting: for months, the press had followed the rebellious stirrings, the spread of letters and subversive papers, and the continuous movements of the British fleet in Sicilian harbours. A huge number of revolutionaries had already found refuge in Malta, I escaping from the Bourbons and anxious to participate in their country's momentous events. During their stay in the island, they shared their life experiences with other refugees; the freedom of the press that Malta obtained in 1839 - after a long struggle against the British authorities - gave them the possibility to give free play to audacious thoughts and to deliver them in writing to their 'distant' country. So, at the beginning of 1848, the papers were happy to announce the outbreak of the revolution: Le nOlizie che ci provengono dalla Sicilia sono consolanti per ta causa italiana .... Era if 12 del corrente, ed il rumore del cannone doveva annunziare al troppo soflerente papalo siciliano it giorno della nascifa def suo Re. -
Different Dialects of Arabic Language
e-ISSN : 2347 - 9671, p- ISSN : 2349 - 0187 EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review Vol - 3, Issue- 9, September 2015 Inno Space (SJIF) Impact Factor : 4.618(Morocco) ISI Impact Factor : 1.259 (Dubai, UAE) DIFFERENT DIALECTS OF ARABIC LANGUAGE ABSTRACT ifferent dialects of Arabic language have been an Dattraction of students of linguistics. Many studies have 1 Ali Akbar.P been done in this regard. Arabic language is one of the fastest growing languages in the world. It is the mother tongue of 420 million in people 1 Research scholar, across the world. And it is the official language of 23 countries spread Department of Arabic, over Asia and Africa. Arabic has gained the status of world languages Farook College, recognized by the UN. The economic significance of the region where Calicut, Kerala, Arabic is being spoken makes the language more acceptable in the India world political and economical arena. The geopolitical significance of the region and its language cannot be ignored by the economic super powers and political stakeholders. KEY WORDS: Arabic, Dialect, Moroccan, Egyptian, Gulf, Kabael, world economy, super powers INTRODUCTION DISCUSSION The importance of Arabic language has been Within the non-Gulf Arabic varieties, the largest multiplied with the emergence of globalization process in difference is between the non-Egyptian North African the nineties of the last century thank to the oil reservoirs dialects and the others. Moroccan Arabic in particular is in the region, because petrol plays an important role in nearly incomprehensible to Arabic speakers east of Algeria. propelling world economy and politics. -
MALTESE E-NEWSLETTER 378 June 2021 1
MALTESE E-NEWSLETTER 378 June 2021 1 MALTESE E-NEWSLETTER 378 June 2021 Aboriginal survivors reach settlement with Church, Commonwealth cathnew.com Survivors of Aboriginal forced removal policies have signed a deal for compensation and apology 40 years after suffering sexual and physical abuse at the Garden Point Catholic Church mission on Melville Island, north of Darwin. Source: ABC News. “I’m happy, and I’m sad for the people who have gone already … we had a minute’s silence for them … but it’s been very tiring fighting for this for three years,” said Maxine Kunde, the leader Mgr Charles Gauci - Bishop of Darwin of a group of 42 survivors that took civil action against the church and Commonwealth in the Northern Territory Supreme Court. At age six, Ms Kunde, along with her brothers and sisters, was forcibly taken from her mother under the then-federal government’s policy of removing children of mixed descent from their parents. Garden Point survivors, many of whom travelled to Darwin from all over Australia, agreed yesterday to settle the case, and Maxine Kunde (ABC News/Tiffany Parker) received an informal apology from representatives of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart and the Daughters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, in a private session.Ms Kunde said members of the group were looking forward to getting a formal public apology which they had been told would be delivered in a few weeks’ time. Darwin Bishop Charles Gauci said on behalf of the diocese he apologised to those who were abused at Garden Point. -
Arabic Sociolinguistics: Topics in Diglossia, Gender, Identity, And
Arabic Sociolinguistics Arabic Sociolinguistics Reem Bassiouney Edinburgh University Press © Reem Bassiouney, 2009 Edinburgh University Press Ltd 22 George Square, Edinburgh Typeset in ll/13pt Ehrhardt by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire, and printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and East bourne A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7486 2373 0 (hardback) ISBN 978 0 7486 2374 7 (paperback) The right ofReem Bassiouney to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Contents Acknowledgements viii List of charts, maps and tables x List of abbreviations xii Conventions used in this book xiv Introduction 1 1. Diglossia and dialect groups in the Arab world 9 1.1 Diglossia 10 1.1.1 Anoverviewofthestudyofdiglossia 10 1.1.2 Theories that explain diglossia in terms oflevels 14 1.1.3 The idea ofEducated Spoken Arabic 16 1.2 Dialects/varieties in the Arab world 18 1.2. 1 The concept ofprestige as different from that ofstandard 18 1.2.2 Groups ofdialects in the Arab world 19 1.3 Conclusion 26 2. Code-switching 28 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Problem of terminology: code-switching and code-mixing 30 2.3 Code-switching and diglossia 31 2.4 The study of constraints on code-switching in relation to the Arab world 31 2.4. 1 Structural constraints on classic code-switching 31 2.4.2 Structural constraints on diglossic switching 42 2.5 Motivations for code-switching 59 2. -
THE MALTESE and the ARABIC DIALECTS: an APPROACH from LINGUISTIC GEOGRAPHY by REINHOLD KONTZI
This article is the translation and reVlszon of the paper 'Maltesisch: Sprachgeschichtliche und areallinguistische Aspekte' read in the 5th symposium on languages in contact in Europe, at Mannheim 1982 (published in: 'Die Leistung der Strataforschung und der Kreolistik: Typolog. Aspekte d. Sprachkontakte: Akten d. 5. Symposiums iiber Sprachkontakte in Europa'. Mannheim 1982/ed. by P. Sture Ureland - Tiibin gen: Niemeyer, 1982, p. 63-87) THE MALTESE AND THE ARABIC DIALECTS: AN APPROACH FROM LINGUISTIC GEOGRAPHY by REINHOLD KONTZI INTRODUCTION The subject of this article is Maltese as a language of different strata which have deposited themselves out of se veral groups of languages, respectively dialects. In the first part I will point out the hi storical events which caused formations of strata from different geographical zones. In the second part 1 will demonstrate that the superposition of strata with methods of linguistic geography and Bartoli' s space linguistics can be illustrated on maps. As far as I know there has been no space linguistic ap proach of the Maltese language - and thus necessarily of the entire area of the Arabic languages - which partly in cludes the area of the Romance (Italian) languages, that would take into account linguistic geography. 1. SHORT HISTORY OF THE MALTESE LANGUAGE Maltese came into existence by way of contact between the Arabic and Italian languages, and precisely this contact has created Maltese. In the following passages I will asso ciate the history of Malta with her linguistic development. Up to 1530 the history of Malta was identical with the history of Sicily. The rulers of Sicily were at the same time rulers of Malta. -
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi To cite this version: Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi. Arabic and Contact-Induced Change. 2020. halshs-03094950 HAL Id: halshs-03094950 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03094950 Submitted on 15 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language Contact and Multilingualism 1 science press Contact and Multilingualism Editors: Isabelle Léglise (CNRS SeDyL), Stefano Manfredi (CNRS SeDyL) In this series: 1. Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). Arabic and contact-induced change. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language science press Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). 2020. Arabic and contact-induced change (Contact and Multilingualism 1). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/235 © 2020, the authors Published under the Creative Commons Attribution -
Influence of National Culture on Diabetes
Influence of national culture on diabetes education in Malta: A case example Cynthia Formosa, Kevin Lucas, Anne Mandy, Carmel Keller Article points Diabetes is a condition of particular importance to the 1. This study aimed to Maltese population. Currently, 10% of the Maltese population explore whether or has diabetes, compared with 2–5% of the population in not diabetes education the majority of Malta’s neighbouring European nations improved knowledge, HbA1c and cholesterol (Rocchiccioli et al, 2005). The high prevalence of diabetes levels in Maltese people results in nearly one out of every four deaths of Maltese people with type 2 diabetes. occurring before the age of 65 years (Cachia, 2003). In this 2. There was no difference article we explore the possible contributions of the unique between the intervention and control groups in Maltese culture to the epidemiology, we hope that some lessons any of the metabolic can be taken when attempting educational interventions in parameters. people of differing backgrounds. 3. Sophisticated programmes that take account of the unique nature of Maltese culture are necessary to he reasons why Malta has such a high living conditions started to improve for ordinary bring about behavioural incidence and prevalence of diabetes Maltese people (Savona-Ventura, 2001). and metabolic changes in are complex. The Maltese population Extensive social disruption was brought this group. T Key words is the result of the inter-marrying between about by lengthy blockades that occurred peoples of the various cultures and nations during the Second World War, resulting in - Education that have occupied the island through the ages. -
Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education
Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Research University of Oran Faculty of Letters, Languages and Arts Department of Anglo-Saxon Languages MAGISTER THESIS OPTION: SOCIOLINGUISTICS THE EMERGENCE OF EDUCATED SPOKEN ARABIC IN ALGERIA Submitted by: Supervised by: KERMA Mokhtar Dr: OUAHMICHE Ghania Members of the Jury Soutenue le 22 Janvier 2015 President : Dr. MOULFI Leila MC(A) University of Oran Supervisor : Dr. OUAHMICHE Ghania MC(A) University of Oran Examiner : Dr.BENHATTAB Abdelkader Lotfi MC(A) University of Oran Examiner : Dr. BOUKRERIS Louafia MC(A) University of Oran 2014/2015 I To all my family my wife my sons MONCIF and MOUANIS my butterfly NOUR EL FAJR I First and foremost, my utmost gratitude goes to my supervisor, Dr. Ouahmiche Ghania, for her many valuable comments and stimulating suggestions on my work. I am grateful to her for helping me to focus my ideas. I have immensely benefited from her talent in simplifying complex linguistic issues. In the absence of her guidance and assistance, this research work would never been realized. I would like to acknowledge my thesis examiners Dr. MOULFI Leila, Dr.BENHATTAB Abdelkader Lotfi and Dr. BOUKRERIS Louafia at the University of Oran for their constructive suggestions, their mentoring and advice regarding the organization of this research work and its results. Very special thanks go to Dr. Benyamina for his understanding and assistance. II ABSTRACT The present research studies the use of different varieties of Arabic within the Algerian society. The concern of my field research is to try to demonstrate through investigation, and sociolinguistic interpretations the extent to which the Algerians, namely the educated ones, are driven by the necessity to use an intermediate level of Arabic to express themselves. -
Morphological Analysis for the Maltese Language: the Challenges of a Hybrid System
Morphological Analysis for the Maltese Language: The challenges of a hybrid system Claudia Borg Albert Gatt Dept. A.I., Faculty of ICT Institute of Linguistics University of Malta University of Malta [email protected] [email protected] Abstract with a vowel melody and patterns to derive forms. By contrast, the Romance/English morphologi- Maltese is a morphologically rich lan- cal component is concatenative (i.e. exclusively guage with a hybrid morphological sys- stem-and-affix based). Table 1 provides an ex- tem which features both concatenative ample of these two systems, showing inflection and non-concatenative processes. This and derivation for the words ezamina˙ ‘to exam- paper analyses the impact of this hy- ine’ taking a stem-based form, and gideb ‘to lie’ bridity on the performance of machine from the root √GDB which is based on a tem- learning techniques for morphological la- platic system. Table 2 gives an examply of ver- belling and clustering. In particular, we bal inflection, which is affix-based, and applies to analyse a dataset of morphologically re- lexemes arising from both concatenative and non- lated word clusters to evaluate the differ- concatenative systems, the main difference being ence in results for concatenative and non- that the latter evinces frequent stem variation. concatenative clusters. We also describe research carried out in morphological la- Table 1: Examples of inflection and derivation in belling, with a particular focus on the verb the concatenative and non-concatenative systems category. Two evaluations were carried out, one using an unseen dataset, and an- Derivation Inflection other one using a gold standard dataset Concat. -
A Thesis Entitled a Framework for the Study of the Spread of English In
A Thesis entitled A Framework for the Study of the Spread of English in Algeria: A Peaceful Transition to a Better Linguistic Environment by Kamal Belmihoub Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in English as a Second Language _________________________________________ Melinda Reichelt, PhD, Committee Chair _________________________________________ Mohamed Benrabah, PhD, Committee Member _________________________________________ Ruth A. Hottell, PhD, Committee Member _________________________________________ Patricia R. Komuniecki, PhD, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo May 2012 Copyright 2012, Kamal Belmihoub This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of A Framework for the Study of the Spread of English in Algeria: A Peaceful Transition to a Better Linguistic Environment by Kamal Belmihoub Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in English as a Second Language The University of Toledo May 2012 The first chapter of this thesis provides an overview of Algeria‟s history of linguistic diversity. The same chapter describes the language policy of Arabization, which has dominated Algeria‟s linguistic situation since independence from France in 1962. In the second chapter, this thesis presents a theoretical framework for the study of the spread of English in Algeria, where this language has been making inroads. It is argued that English should play a positive role in promoting a peaceful linguistic environment in the North African country. In the third and final chapter, the above- mentioned framework is applied to Algeria‟s context, analyzing this environment through the lenses of the theoretical considerations suggested by the framework. -
Berber Etymologies in Maltese1
Berber E tymologies in Maltese 1 Lameen Souag LACITO (CNRS – Paris Sorbonne – INALCO) France ﻣﻠﺧص : ﻻ ﯾزال ﻣدى ﺗﺄﺛﯾر اﻷﻣﺎزﯾﻐﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﻟطﯾﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺿﺎ، واﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻻﻗﺗراﺣﺎت اﻟﻣﻧﺷورة ﻓﻲ ھذا اﻟﻣﺟﺎل ﻟﯾﺳت ﻣؤﻛدة . ھذه اﻟﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﯾم ﻛل ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﻣﺎﻟطﯾﺔ اﻗ ُﺗرح ﻟﮭﺎ أﺻل أﻣﺎزﯾﻐﻲ ﻣن ﻗﺑل، ﻓﺗﺳﺗﺑﻌد ﺧﻣﺳﯾن ﻛﻠﻣﺔ وﺗﻘﺑل ﻋﺷرﯾن . ﻛﻣﺎ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﺗرح ﻟﻠﻣرة اﻷوﻟﻰ أﺻوﻻ أﻣﺎزﯾﻐﯾﺔ ﻟﺳﺗﺔ ﻛﻠﻣﺎت ﻣﺎﻟطﯾﺔ ﻏﯾر ھذه اﻟﺳﺑﻌﯾن، وھﻲ " أﻛﻠﺔ ﻟزﺟﺔ " ، " ﺻﻐﯾر " ، " طﯾر اﻟوﻗواق " ، " ﻧﺑﺎت اﻟدﯾس " ، " أﻧﺛﻰ اﻟﺣﺑ ﺎر " ، واﻟﺗﺻﻐﯾر ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﺄﻧﯾث . ﺑﻧﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ھذه اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ، ﺗﻔﺣص اﻟﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟدﻻﻟﻲ ﻟدى اﻟﻣﻔردات اﻟدﺧﯾﻠﺔ ﻣن اﻷﻣﺎزﯾﻐﯾﺔ ﻟﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻧظرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧوﻋﯾﺔ اﻻﺣﺗﻛﺎك ﺑﯾن اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ واﻷﻣﺎزﯾﻐﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻓرﯾﻘﯾﺔ ﻗﺑل وﺻول ﺑﻧﻲ ھﻼل إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ Abstract : The extent of Berber lexical influence on Maltese remains unclear, and many of the published etymological proposals are problematic. This article evaluates the reliability of existing proposed Maltese etymologies involving Berber, excluding 50 but accepting 20, and proposes new Berbe r etymologies for another six Maltese words ( bażina “overcooked, sticky food”, ċkejken “small”, daqquqa “cuckoo”, dis “dis - grass, sparto”, tmilla “female cuttlefish used as bait”), as well as a diminutive formation strategy using - a . Based on the results, it examines the distribution of the loans found, in the hope of casting light on the context of Arabic - Berber contact in Ifrīqiyah before the arrival of the Banū Hilāl. Keywords: Maltese, Berber, Amazigh, etymology, loanword s 1 The author thanks Marijn van Putten, Karim Bensoukas, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper, and Abdessalem Saied for providing Nabuel data. © The International Journal of Arabic Linguistics (IJAL) Vol. -
Maltese Immigrants in Detroit and Toronto, 1919-1960
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2018 Britishers in Two Worlds: Maltese Immigrants in Detroit and Toronto, 1919-1960 Marc Anthony Sanko Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Sanko, Marc Anthony, "Britishers in Two Worlds: Maltese Immigrants in Detroit and Toronto, 1919-1960" (2018). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 6565. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/6565 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Britishers in Two Worlds: Maltese Immigrants in Detroit and Toronto, 1919-1960 Marc Anthony Sanko Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Kenneth Fones-Wolf, Ph.D., Chair James Siekmeier, Ph.D. Joseph Hodge, Ph.D. Melissa Bingmann, Ph.D. Mary Durfee, Ph.D. Department of History Morgantown, West Virginia 2018 Keywords: Immigration History, U.S.