The British Isles

Historic Society Heritage, History, Traditions & Customs 02-21b February Supplement

Editors Comments: The Foods of the British Isles:

The purposes of the first two British Isles is the heritage of Historic Society newsletters in February are an effort traditions and practices associated with the United to introduce those with a British Isles heritage but Kingdom of Great Britain and North Ireland. The have never had the pleasure to travel to the British British Isles includes both United Kingdom and the Isles the fantastic variety of deli dishes that have Republic of North Ireland (EIRE) for the purposes of made the individual customs and traditions of discovering Island deli dishes. The individual cultures , North Ireland, , Wales, The Isle of and traditions of England, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Cornwall and the Republic of Ireland so unique Man, Cornwall, Northern Ireland and the Republic of and distinctive. Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of Canada has no distinct foods that they can overlap and distinctiveness. claim Canadian. Many of the American dishes are Well-known traditional British Isle dishes revisions of the original British Isles dishes by British include , , the Christmas chefs with U.S. ingredients. dinner, the , and kidney , Dining out in Canada consists of Chinese food, shepherd's pie, and . British Isles , , or some other fast food chain’s cuisine has many regional varieties within the menu. I personally would like to see the Irish, English broader categories of British Isles. Each has and Scottish and restaurants carry more menu developed its own regional or local dishes, many of items from the British Isles. which are geographically indicated foods such as Cornish , the , Dublin As a challenge for 2021, I invite all readers to , , , try at least one dish from each of the countries in the Ayrshire and Welsh cakes. British Isles at least once per month? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_cuisine Brews of the British Isles bitter but sessional and mild flavour.

Brewing in Britain was Scottish Ales:Scottish -style ales vary probably well established when depending on strength and flavor, but in general the Romans arrived in 54 BC. retain a malt-forward character with some degree of English beer styles include bitter, caramel-like malt flavors and a soft and chewy mild, brown ale and old ale. Stout, mouthfeel. Some examples feature a light smoked porter, and India Pale Ale were also originally peat flavor. Hops do not play a huge role in this style. brewed in London. Lager style beer has increased Irish Red Ale: It originated with the considerably in popularity since the mid 20th Smithwick Brewery in the town of Kilkenny, century. in 1710, and was pretty similar to an English Lager: Made with bottom fermenting yeast Pale Ale, the only difference is having a bit of that has a lower tolerance to alcohol, lagers can roasted barley added to the grist. This type taste light and a little malty. of malt gave the beer a darker, red color and added a toasty, dry flavor, making it very which encompass India Pale Ales (IPAs), smooth and highly drinkable. numerous styles of beer, get their characteristics largely from hops and herbal, citrus or fruity flavors. Mary Pack They can be bitter and contain high alcohol levels, Arthritis campaigner though the final product depends on the variety of b. Oct. 9, 1904, hops used. Ampthill, England; English pale ale are malty, medium-bodied d. May 11, 1992, and easy to drink. British Brown Ale, British Golden Vancouver. The "angel of mobility" devoted her life Ale to arthritis and rheumatism care and research. A teacher of physically handicapped children for the Stout beer: A dark beer, the flavor of stouts Vancouver School Board. In 1945, dismayed by lack depends on where they come from. Sweet stouts of services, she started the B.C. Spastic Society which largely originate from Ireland and England and are led to the B.C. Division of the Canadian Arthritis and known for their low bitterness. In fact, Ireland’s Rheumatism Society (January 1948) of which she Guinness brand produces was executive secretary. Received Queen's some of the world’s most Coronation Medal (1953), Post No. 2 Native Sons of recognizable stout beer. B.C. Good Citizen Award (1956), Order of Canada, Porter: Traditional LL.D (UBC, 1974). In 1990, the Mary Pack-Arthritis porters, which can trace their roots to the United Society Chair in Rheumatology was established at Kingdom, are dark in color like stouts due to UBC. common ingredients like chocolate or other Editors Note: I have had the great privilege of the dark-roasted malts. Porters tend to taste less like use of the many services offered by the Mary Pack coffee than stouts, with more of a chocolatey feel. Arthritis Program. I suggest strongly that if you have English Bitters:A bitter is an English or arthritis, have your doctor recommend the Mary British style pale ale which is popular for it’s slightly Pack Clinic. http://mpap.vch.ca/ Yorkshire Relish. An Ernest Willows English Piquant Sauce based on pioneering aviator. 'The pureed pickled fruits rather than Father of British Airships' the taste of Worcestershire sauce Born: 11 July 1886 Cardiff, or Harvey's or the spiced vinegar of Wales, Died: 3 August the equally Yorkshire Hendersons 1926 (aged 40), Kempston, Bedford, Relish. Yorkshire Relish was the England. Ernest Willows constructed highest-selling bottled sauce in the a number of airships, the naming of . It was advertised as “the most which probably didn’t take up too delicious sauce in the world” by Goodall, Backhouse much of his time. Willows 1, powered by a & Co. Robert Goodall (1831-1870) was born in motorbike engine, was constructed in his workshop Market Weighton, Yorkshire. Produced in both a in East Moors Cardiff in 1905 when he was just 19 liquid and a thickened version, most famously by years old. Goodall, Blackhouse and Co, in Leeds in the 1830's, In 1910, in Willows 2, he succeeded in flying it and now, as 'Goodalls of Ireland' at Tallagh ouside to the city centre and landing near the City Hall Dublin, where they still manufacture both versions. netting him a £50 prize for the first aerial voyage in During the 1840s. Goodall's supplied tiny Wales. Buoyed by his success and now with a bit of 4 1/2" saucers in the popular 'Willow Pattern' style publicity behind him, he did the same three days with advertising slogans, presumably intended to sit later, this time in front of a crowd of 40,000. under your bottle of YR and collect any drips. Yorkshire Relish is now relatively rare in England, but His next notable achievement was to fly from has a continuing popularity in Ireland where it is pro- Cardiff to London in Willows 3 and become the first duced under the 'YR' brand by Robert Roberts. person to fly an airship over the Bristol Channel, something he could hardly avoid doing as it was on the way. Channel hopping became all the rage and in November 1910 he was the first person to fly an airship from London to Paris and the first to fly an airship over the The Pontarddulais Male Choir is a Welsh English Channel at night male voice choir from Pontarddulais near Swansea, https://roathlocalhistorysociety.org/2019/04/26/ernest-willows- Wales. It is the most successful choir in Wales and is airship-pioneer/ internationally renowned having performed in many Pateley , and parts of Europe as well as Canada. Pontardulais Sweet Deserts, Yorkshire: (no known Male Choir was established in 1960, under the recipe) Batter of white wheat flour, leadership of the late Noel Davies MBE. It was borne milk, lard and yeast. Allowed to froth and chopped out of the Pontarddulais Youth Choir which had apple, peel, dried fruit and sweet spices mixed in. become too old for youth competitions. Under Tablespoons of the batter fried in dripping, sprinkled Noel's leadership the choir won a record 11 firsts at with sugar, eaten hot. the Royal National Eisteddfod of Wales, Wedgewood China: 1770s: British Isles Bacon Jasperware developed by Josiah vs Canadian Grocery Store Bacon Wedgwood. Josiah Wedgwood FRS (12 July 1730 Burslem, Staffordshire, The most obvious difference England – 3 January 1795 Etruria, is the shape and fat content of the Staffordshire, England (age 64) was bacon. Canadian bacon comes in an English potter, entrepreneur, and abolitionist. He thin strips with streaks of fat Canadian Streaky Bacon founded the Wedgwood company. He developed running along them. British / Irish bacon “Rashers” is improved pottery bodies by a long process of leaner, with a border of fat along one systematic experimentation, and was the leader in edge, and comes in a rounder shape. the industrialisation of the manufacture of European pottery. The difference in Irish Rashers British / Irish Rashers shape is due to the fact that each Canadian Back Bacon style of bacon comes from The English bacon tradition dates back to the different cuts of . Canadian bacon comes from Saxon era in the 1st millennium AD, bacon (or pork belly, which is a much fattier cut of meat. bacoun as it was spelt then) was a Middle English British / Irish bacon, on the other hand, comes from (11th/14th Century, High/Late Middle Ages) term the loin which is a much leaner cut. In fact, U.K. that the English used to refer to a traditional cut of bacon is from the same cut as pork tenderloin. pork meat unique to the Great Britain at the time. British bacon is very similar to Canadian back What the English were historically calling bacon, though it is fattier around the edges. bacon at the time referred to a specific cut of pork Traditional back bacon is most commonly used in belly and pork loin and mostly cut from breeds of pig or in Full English Breakfasts, whereas that had been specifically bred to make what we streaky bacon tends to be used as trimmings on now call back bacon. roast chicken or wrapped around as "pigs British back bacon is a combination of both in blankets". pork belly and pork loin in one cut, the rounded lean NOTE: Canadian grocery store bacon is not bit on a rasher (slice) of back bacon is the pork loin called Canadian Bacon. and the fatty streaky bit attached to it is the pork belly. Canadian Store Pkged Bacon Irish bacon The Druids, were a member of the Back bacon learned class among the ancient Celts. Ayrshire bacon They acted as priests, teachers, and judges. U.K. Streaky bacon The earliest known records of the Druids come from the 3rd century BCE. Their Gammon Streaky bacon name may have come from a Celtic word meaning bacon “knower of the oak tree.” Very little is known for Wiltshire bacon certain about the Druids, who kept no records of their own. John James Sainsbury From one store in Holborn, London, opened at (12 June 1844 – 3 January 173 Drury Lane in 1869, Sainsbury built a chain of 1928) was an English grocer grocery stores which numbered 128 when he died in and founder of what is now 1928. Sainsbury's remained a family business during called the Sainsbury's his whole life. At the time of the firm's incorporation supermarket chain. in 1922, Sainsbury took on the title of Chairman and Governing Director, a position which he held until his John James Sainsbury death in 1928. His last words were "Keep the shops was born on 12 June 1844 at 5 well lit". Today, the group owns over 1,000 stores. Oakley Street, Lambeth, to John Sainsbury (baptised 1809, d. 1863), ornament and picture frame maker, Died: 3 January 1928 (aged 83) London, England. and his wife Elizabeth Sarah, née Coombes (1817– https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Sainsbury 1902). During his childhood, his family moved house Thomas Saint. In 1790, several times between rented rooms. The area in the English inventor Thomas which they lived was close to the Thames wharves Saint invented the first sewing and to Waterloo station, which opened in 1848. machine design, but he did not Sainsbury started work at the age of 14 years successfully advertise or market old. He may have stayed at school beyond the his invention. He took out normal leaving age of 10 or 11, possibly helping out British Patent No. 1764 on a machine for "quilting, as a "monitor". His first job was with a grocer in the stitching, and sewing, and for making shoes, and oth- New Cut, Lambeth. er articles. . . ." in 1790. Thomas was a cabinet maker born in Greenhill Rents parish of St. Sepulchre In 1863, Sainsbury's father died, and John London, England. James took on the additional responsibility of helping to support his mother and two sisters. Many years later in 1874 a man named William Newton Wilson found the patent of At the age of 24, he married Mary Ann Staples. Thomas’s machine. The original drawings were so It was 1869 when John James Sainsbury and his wife complete he was able to rebuild it, and with slight Mary Ann opened the first Sainsbury's store together amendments to the looper, he rebuilt Saints sewing at 173 Drury Lane, Holborn, London. The couple had machine, proving it did work. His replica is now probably saved a few pounds with which to buy shop exhibited in the Science Museum. William Newton equipment, but their circumstances were extremely Wilson was born on May 3 1897 in Manchester, modest. They shared the cramped accommodation above the little Greenlees Brothers shop with three of London, Glasgow, and other families. Campbeltown, Argyllshire. In 1872 John Lorne Whisky and Claymore Sainsbury and Mary Whisky. Ann Sainsbury 1870 Established by James opened their second shop at 159 Queen's Crescent. Greenlees. The following year the Sainsbury family moved to live above the shop. 1918 Acquired by William Williams and Sons William Ferriman The food Salsbury Railway brand is associated with tinned executive, alderman b. processed meat products, Feb. 16, 1847, Surrey, originally corned and, England; d. Jan. 5, 1938, latterly, meat pies. The brand Victoria. Came to Canada in 1870. Worked with has been sold in the United railroads from 1861. A manager of the Grand Trunk Kingdom, other European Railway of Canada until 1881, when he joined CPR's countries, and Australia. financial staff. Moved from Lachine, Que., arriving Created in the latter half of July 4, 1886, aboard the first overland train to Port the 19th century, the name is derived from the port Moody. Treasurer, CPR Pacific Division (1886-1921) of Fray Bentos in Uruguay where the products were when he retired. A prominent Vancouver figure, he originally processed and packaged until the 1960s. served as alderman for Ward 1 (1893-94). An The brand is now owned in the UK by , which advocate and charter member of the Vancouver manufactures the product range in Scotland. In General Hospital (1901). 1865, Liebig's Extract of Meat Company was founded Early Shaughessy resident William Ferriman in Britain by German chemist Justus von Liebig. The Salsbury spent $25,000 on this three-storey house in company established a factory in Uruguay to 1912. Salsbury, who reportedly arrrived in B.C. on manufacture a beef extract product that would later the first transcontinental train, was one of the many be sold under the name Oxo. In 1873, the factory CPR officials who settled in the railway’s Shaughessy began manufacturing tinned , which was Heights. sold in Britain under the name Fray Bentos, the town in Uruguay where the factory was located. Fray After Salsbury retired to Victoria in 1921, he Bentos corned beef was targeted at a working-class sold the house to Edward A. Morris, a successful market. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fray_Bentos Vancouver tobacconist. Salsbury House had a conservatory, a huge billboard room, and tennis The Celtic Culture: It's courts. believed that the Celtic culture started to evolve as early as 1200 A Salsbury Drive in Vancouver is named for him. B.C. The Celts spread throughout Photo Credit: Kelly Borget western Europe—including https://www.vancouverheritagefoundation.org/location/1790-angus Britain, Ireland, France and Spain—via migration. Their -st-vancouver-bc/ legacy remains most prominent in Ireland where traces The Celtic Nations:The of their language and culture are still prominent today. six territories widely considered Stonehenge is perhaps the world’s most Celtic nations are Brittany famous prehistoric monument. It was built in several (Breizh), Cornwall (Kernow), stages: the first monument was an early henge Wales (Cymru), Scotland (Alba), Ireland (Éire) and monument, built about 5,000 years ago, and the the Isle of Man (Mannin or Ellan Vannin). Galicia: the unique stone circle was erected in the late Neolithic unknown 7th Celtic nation period about 2500 BC. In the early Bronze Age many burial mounds were built nearby. William Frost (Born: 28 settler and resided in the area in 1886. May 1848 in Saundersfoot, Guildford: Named after its counterpart in Guildford, Pembrokeshire –Died March England. 1935) was a Welsh designer of Fleetwood: Named after Lance Corporal Arthur an early flying machine, the Thomas Fleetwood, who died fighting in the first Frost Airship Glider. Despite his World War. poverty he managed to https://604now.com/history-surrey-bc-city/ construct the "Frost Airship Glider", which seems, in British Bread Sauce principle, to have resembled a vertical takeoff A bread sauce is a British airplane, with gas-filled tanks. Bill Frost, a Welsh warm or cold sauce made with carpenter who patented the aeroplane in 1894 and milk, which is thickened with took to the skies in a powered flying machine the bread crumbs, typically eaten with roast chicken or following year, eight years before the Wright turkey (with a Christmas Dinner). A survivor of the brothers attempt at Kitty Hawk. Frost applied for a medieval bread-thickened sauces, the traditional patent which was accepted and registered in London British bread sauce is made with milk, butter or on 25 October 1894 under number 1894-20431. cream, and bread crumbs, flavoured with onion, salt, Unable to pay renewal fees, he allowed the patent cloves, mace, pepper, and bay leaf, with the fat from to lapse four years later. He died without wealth or often added as well. It typically recognition in March 1935. accompanies domestic fowl such as turkey or City of Surrey, B.C. chicken. The use of slightly stale bread is optimal, making it an economical way of using up leftover Surrey became bread. The sauce is easy to make and uses readily incorporated in 1879, available ingredients. and encompasses land formerly occupied by a Bread sauce can be traced back to at least as number of early as the medieval period, when cooks used bread Halqemeylem-speaking aboriginal groups. When as a thickening agent for sauces. The utilisation of Englishman H.J. Brewer looked across the Fraser bread in this way probably comes from cooks River from New Westminster and saw a land wanting to use up their stale bread who discovered reminiscent of his native County of Surrey in that it could be incorporated within sauces to make England, the settlement of Surrey was placed on the them thicker. map. Parsley sauce is a cream sauce Whalley: Named after Arthur Whalley, who seasoned with parsley. It is essentially a operated “Whalley’s Bar” on the corner of what is simple béchamel (White) sauce now known as King George Highway. containing chopped parsley. A variant called "liquor" is often served with as a Cloverdale: Named after the station on the New traditional British food, particularly in London. Westminster Southern Railway. Newton: Named after the E.J. Newton, who was a Lush is a cosmetics Maldon Salt retailer headquartered in Maldon Salt is an English Poole, Dorset, United sea-salt. It comes in large, thin, Kingdom. The origins of Lush uneven, crunchy salt flakes that can be traced back to have a very clean, pure salt taste. People co-founders Mark Constantine and Liz Weir meeting have been panning on the Essex tide in the 1970s, and subsequently setting up a marshes for 2 millennia. The Doomsday cosmetics business in 1995, with Constantine and Book of 1086 reveals that there were 45 Weir, along with Mo Constantine, Helen Ambrosen, saltpans in the area. Officially, the Company Of Rowena Bird and Paul Greaves from Cosmetics-to- Master Salt Makers behind Maldon Sea Salt has been Go, opened a cosmetics shop on High Street in trading under the name since 1882. The fine flakes Poole, creating cosmetics from freshly purchased and occasional pyramid crystals have a gentle saline fruits and vegetables. It produces and sells creams, flavor that makes pretty much anything you sprinkle soaps, shampoos, shower gels, lotions, moisturisers, them on sing. Maldon Salt is made in Essex County, scrubs, masks and other cosmetics for the face, hair, England, in the town of Maldon (known by the locals and body using only vegetarian recipes, 85% of as Maldon on the Mud) by the Maldon Crystal Salt which are also vegan. The Company. company operates stores in 49 countries globally in the Gaelic handball The modern United Kingdom, of handball is first recorded in Canada, Croatia, Germany Scotland in 1427, when King James I, an and Australia. ardent handball player, had his men block up a cellar window in his palace courtyard that Mark Constantine, Born:1952, Sutton, was interfering with his game. Gaelic handball London, is a British entrepreneur best known as the (known in Ireland simply as handball; Irish: liathróid co-founder and CEO of Lush, described as "one of láimhe) is a sport where players hit a ball with a the world's biggest cosmetics firms hand or fist against a wall in such a way as to make a Mary Ellen Smith (née shot the opposition cannot return, and that may be Spear) Politician, feminist b. Oct. 11, played with two (singles) or four players (doubles). 1863, Tavistock, England; d. May 3, The sport, popular in Ireland, is similar to Welsh 1933, Vancouver. First female B.C. handball, fives, Basque pelota, Valencian pilota, and MLA and the first woman cabinet more remotely to racquetball or squash. GAA minister in the British Empire. As an Handball, a subsidiary organisation of the GAA, independent, she won the January 1918 Vancouver governs and promotes the sport. by-election called after the death of her husband, , Now Extinct, recipe Ralph Smith, finance minister in B.C.'s Liberal Rout Biscuits government. Re-elected as a Liberal in 1920 and lost. Enriched paste with sugar and egg, 1924. Served as minister without portfolio, March to rolled and cut, or moulded, into small decorative Nov. 1921. An advocate of B.C.'s first mothers' shapes. Lightly baked. The word 'Rout' means a large pensions and Female Minimum Wage acts. convivial gathering, where these biscuits would have been served. Original recipe ( 1850) John Mackintosh John Oliver and Sons 1890 John Premier b. July 31, 1856, Mackintosh opened up his Hartington, England; d. Aug. 17, sweet shop in Halifax, 1927, Victoria. Moved to Ontario in Yorkshire, and the idea for 1870; to B.C. in 1877 to farm in Mackintosh's Toffee, not too hard and not too soft, Delta. After serving in local politics, came soon after. elected an MLA (1900). Leader of the Opposition, 1932 John Mackintosh and Sons acquired losing his seat in 1909. Re-elected in the sweeping Caley’s Chocolate, of Norwich. Caley’s brand name 1916 Liberal victory; appointed minister of used until early 1960s. agriculture and railways. On Harlan Brewster's death in 1918, "Honest John" became premier until his 1936 Quality Street was launched. death. Governed B.C. during the economic 1959 Launched the Caramac bar. stagnation of the early 1920s. Promoted Okanagan 1969 Mackintosh's merged with rival orchards. Oliver, B.C., and Vancouver's John Oliver Rowntree's to form Rowntree Mackintosh, which High School are named for him. merged with Nestle in 1988. https://www.oliverheritage.ca/walkingtour Cricket is believed to have Gaelic football (Irish: Peil begun possibly as early as the Ghaelach; short name Peil or Caid), 13th century as a game in which commonly referred to as football country boys bowled at a tree or Gaelic, is an Irish team sport. It stump or at the hurdle gate into a sheep pen. This is played between two teams of 15 players on a rec- gate consisted of two uprights and a crossbar resting tangular grass pitch. The objective of the sport is to on the slotted tops; the crossbar was called a bail score by kicking or punching the ball into the other and the entire gate a wicket. team's goals (3 points) or between two upright posts above the goals and over a crossbar 2.5 metres (8.2 The earliest reference to an 11-a-side match, ft) above the ground (1 point). played in Sussex for a stake of 50 guineas, dates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_football from 1697. In 1709 Kent met Surrey in the first recorded intercounty match at Dartford, and it is (known in probable that about this time a code of laws (rules) some areas as or existed for the conduct of the game, although the seafood sauce) is a British condiment earliest known version of such rules is dated 1744. often made from a blend of tomatoes, Sources suggest that cricket was limited to the mayonnaise, Worcestershire sauce, southern counties of England during the early 18th lemon juice and black pepper. A simpler version can century, but its popularity grew and eventually be made by merely mixing tomato with spread to London, notably to the Artillery Ground, mayonnaise. The sauce was popularised in the 1960s Finsbury, which saw a famous match between Kent by , a British . It is often and All-England in 1744. Heavy betting and accompanied with seafood, and prawns in particular. disorderly crowds were common at matches. British Made Vehicles Durham Mustard, What are the U.K.’s Historic records: Very fine greatest exports? In the food milled husk-free mustard flour, category Chocolates lead the produced by a process field but in other products: 1.) is Machinery including developed c1720 by Mrs. Clements of Durham, and computers: US$73.3 billion (15.6% of total exports) favoured by King George I. Although now lost, this is and number 2.) Vehicles: $50.7 billion (10.8%) probably identical to the dry mustard flour of today, in contrast to the The automotive industry in the United earlier in England and still common- Kingdom is now best known for premium and sports place elsewhere in Europe. car marques including Aston Martin, Bentley, http://www.foodsofengland.co.uk/ Caterham Cars, Daimler, Jaguar, Lagonda, Land durhammustard.htm Rover, Lister Cars, Lotus, McLaren, MG, Mini, Mustard was introduced into England in the Morgan and Rolls-Royce. Volume car manufacturers 12th Century and in early times seeds were coarsely with a major presence in the UK include Honda, ground at the table using a mortar and it was eaten Nissan, Toyota and Vauxhall Motors (subsidiary of in this rough state. It had reached the North-East by Opel, subsidiary of the French automotive company about 1486 when monks on the Farne Islands (a Groupe PSA). Commercial vehicle manufacturers monastic cell tied to Durham Cathedral) are known active in the UK include Alexander Dennis, Ford, IBC to have used quern stones in the grinding of Vehicles (owned by Groups PSA), Leyland Trucks "mwstert". (owned by Paccar) and London Electric Vehicle In those early days, it was used primarily to Company (owned by Geely). disguise the flavour of rotten meat and it was not Famous and iconic until the late 1600s that it came to be recommended British cars include the Aston in its own right. At that time, the town of Martin DB5, Aston Martin V8 Tewkesbury was primarily noted for mustard Vantage, Bentley 4½ Litre, making, but in those days it was a much weaker Jaguar E-Type, Land Rover substance and it was not until 1720 that English-style Defender, Lotus Esprit, McLaren F1, MGB, original mustard, resembling what we know today, really two-door Mini, Range Rover, Rolls-Royce Phantom III came into being. and Rover P5. English mustard was born largely due to the https://www.admiral.com/magazine/guides/motor/best-new-cars- made-in-Britain vision and energy of a Durham City woman by the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ name of Mrs. Clements. List_of_car_manufacturers_of_the_United_Kingdom https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/

Wow-Wow sauce; An English 1830 (Chester Chronicle - Friday 26 February 1830). A Piquant Sauce sauce, of the 19th century, receipt for an actual sauce of the name appears in the for service with beef. Wow-Wow Sauce' 1825 edition of 'The Cook's Oracle' by William appears several times as the title of a Kitchiner, 1830). It contains port, wine vinegar, routine by the comedian and actor Charles parsley, pickled cucumbers or pickled walnuts, Mathews, at least since a playbill for the English mustard and mushroom ketchup in a base of Theatre Royal, Chester, for Feb 27th., beef stock, flour and butter. British Isles Meat Pies dinner of .

The pie was an English specialty that was Shepherd’s Pie: Lamb unrivaled in other European cuisines. Two early with vegetables in a rich , examples of the English meat pies were shepherd’s topped with cheesy mashed pie and cottage pie. Shepherd’s pie was made with potatoes, and baked. lamb and vegetables, and the cottage pie was made Cottage Pie: with vegetables with beef and vegetable. Both are topped with (, carrots, onions, etc.) in a rich gravy, topped potatoes. with mashed potatoes, and baked. A small pie was known as a tartlet and a Steak and Guinness (Ale) Pie: tender braised was a large, shallow open pie (this is still the beef, onions, carrots, peas, potatoes, Worcestershire definition in England). Since was a staple sauce with either a dark English Ale (English version) ingredient in medieval menus, pastry making was or Guinness (Irish version). Steak and Ale Pie is a taken for granted by the majority of early classic dish found in most pubs around England and , and recipes are not usually included. It Ireland. was not until the 16th century that cookbooks with : a pastry ingredients began appearing. Historians traditional British dish consisting of believe this was because cookbooks started diced steak, onion, and kidney— appearing for the general household and not just for typically from a lamb or pig—cooked professional cooks. in a brown gravy and then wrapped in a pastry and Steak pies were originally baked. ... Steak and kidney pie dates to the 19th available from chip shops, century and is counted among Britain's national served with normal chips, dishes. referred to in Scotland as a Steak Pie, Steak & Vegetable, Steak & steak pie supper. A steak pie Mushroom: Steak pie are traditional British dishes supper is usually accompanied by salt and vinegar; consisting of a pastry shell filled with stewed steak, however, around , a combination of spirit gravy, and various vegetables. The early versions, vinegar and brown sauce, known simply as "sauce" first recorded in the 18th century, consisted of a or "chippie sauce", is popular. The precise pudding combined with . proportions of each ingredient are unique to each take-away. Some Fish and Chip shops, particularly in Steak Pie and Stilton, The combination of rich Scotland, heat precooked frozen pies by dropping stewing beef, funky Stilton, and bitter ale makes for them into the deep fat fryer. a complex and filling Sunday Supper. Throughout the UK, meat pies (as well as Meat and Pie: braised burgers and chips) is a traditional hot food eaten at steak, onions, potatoes, in a rich beef football games either before kick-off or during half gravy. time. So synonymous is the with football in : or mutton pie as it was once the UK, at the British Pie Awards an award is given called – seems to have originated in for Best Football Pie. England some Many Scots celebrate New Year's Day with a Cont. Page 12 … … ... 500 years ago, although records are predictably West England. Popular with vegetarians. vague. Today the pie is almost synonymous with The English word Scotland. ‘pukka’ means genuine, and Pukka Pies Chicken Pot Pie: Pot pie is a popular really lives up to their name. Pukka dish with a long and vivid history, dating Pies began back in the 1960’s in back to the , when it was Leicestershire, launching with their ever favourite regularly served at banquets. The savory pies are Steak and Kidney Pie. Encased in a pastry, always filled with meat such as chicken, beef, lamb, the steak and kidney filling is moist and covered in a or turkey, along with vegetables such as peas, rich, meaty gravy. potatoes, and carrots. Pot pie is characterized by its Melton Mowbray : top crust, which is traditionally made with flaky (Trade name protected) is a pastry. The ancient custom of pot pie was revived in traditional British pie. It is usually 16th-century England. eaten cold and consists of a thick Irish Lamb and Mint Pie: Lamb or Mutton with and crumbly encasing a pork vegetables and mint. filling. The pork is roughly chopped, seasoned, and moistened slightly with pork jelly that lines the Chicken and Vegetable, Chicken and pastry sides. Mushroom Pie: Usually a pot pie Gala Pie: Very similar to the Pork English Pork Pie: Britain's favorite pie, the Gala pie has a little twist to it dishes since the 1300s, when they were to make it extra tasty. In each slice of made in the kitchens of King Richard. the pork pie, the Gala has a perfect half Made from moist, juicy, seasoned, and slice of boiled egg nestled in the centre of the meat. minced or chopped pork, golden pork jelly, and thick, hot water crust pastry. : Game pie is a traditional English dish consisting of a pastry shell filled with rich gravy London Pie: By definition, a meat pie is and slowly cooked game meat such as , any meat dish served in a pie crust. Which means , and . everything from the lofty to the lowly Cornish can be considered a meat pie. Specialty Pies: Historians believe that the Greeks actually originated Cornish Pasty: is a baked pastry, pie pastry. The pies during this period were made by a traditional variety of which is particu- a flour-water paste wrapped around meat; this larly associated with Cornwall, United served to cook the meat and seal in the juices. The Kingdom. It is made by placing an un- Romans, sampling the delicacy, carried home recipes cooked filling, typically meat and vegetables, on one for making it (a prize of victory when they conquered half of a flat short crust pastry circle, folding the pas- Greece). try in half to wrap the filling in a semicircle and : Cheese and onion pie is crimping the curved edge to form a seal before bak- a savoury dish, the basis of which is an outer layer of ing. The traditional Cornish pasty, which since 2011 savoury pastry filled with a mixture of cheese, onion, has Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) herbs and sometimes potato. Many recipes contain cont. on page 13 … … ... cheese, indicating parentage of North … … … Cont from page 12 tart: A baked pastry status in Europe, is filled with beef, sliced or diced consisting of an pastry crust filled with potato, swede (also known as yellow turnip or egg custard. – referred to in Cornwall as turnip) and : A dish made with white fish in a onion, seasoned with salt and pepper, and baked. béchamel sauce with a topping, : A pie with a filling of corned similar to cottage pie. Popular in coastal towns. beef, onion and other vegetables such as corn, peas ; A traditional British, or carrot. The pie can be made with a mashed potato open vegetable pie. The pastry crust topping, as in cottage pie, or with a traditional pastry contains a filling of potatoes and an crust. onion and leek mixture, which is then is a covered with cheese. steamed savory dish made with : also called a chunks of beef, pork (or lamb) . A baked tart consisting kidneys, and gravy in a pastry made of a short crust pastry shell, spread with suet. Suet is the hard fat that surrounds the with raspberry jam, covered with a custard filling, kidneys and loin in cattle, commonly used for and topped with flakes of coconut and a Maraschino as tallow. The pudding is steamed for several hours cherry. until cooked through, rendering the inside hot and Mince tart: A small British bubbling and the pastry spongy and tender. sweet pie traditionally served during Forfar : are said "to the Christmas season; a sweet pastry have been 'invented' by a Forfar case filled with currants, suet and baker in the 1850s". The name spices. Centuries ago they contained meat, suet and may refer to the pie's frequent spices. presence on wedding menus, or to Margaret : A short crust pastry of Glamis, "who sold them at the Buttermarket in with a thick filling of golden syrup, Forfar". They are similar to pasties, but because breadcrumbs, and lemon juice. they are made without potatoes, are much heavier in texture. Bakers in Forfar traditionally use short : A pie filled with crust pastry for their bridies, but in the rest of vegetables such as potatoes or Scotland, is sometimes substituted. The parsnips, cauliflower, swede, carrots, filling of a bridie consists of minced steak, butter, and turnips, topped with potato and beef suet seasoned with salt and pepper. It is pastry, grated cheese, and served with vegetable sometimes made with minced onions. gravy. ; An Did I miss your favourite British Isles style pie? elongated, suet crust pie with a Please, I’d love to know which are your favorites. savory filling at one end (meat, Email: [email protected]; potatoes and vegetables) and a If you see any pie that looks appetizing why sweet filling (jam or fruit) at the other. not give a recipe a try?

Our Heritage: Jam roly-poly, shirt-sleeve pudding, dead man's arm or dead Mar. 1st. St. David’s Day, Welsh man's leg is a traditional British pudding probably first created in the March 5th. St. Piran’s Day, early 19th century. It is a flat-rolled , Cornwall which is then spread with jam and rolled up, similar Mar. 8th. Commonwealth Day to a Swiss roll, then steamed or baked. In days past, Mar. 17th. St. Patrick’s Day, Jam Roly-Poly was also known as shirt-sleeve Irish pudding, because it was often steamed and served in an old shirt-sleeve, leading to the nicknames of March 20th Equinox dead-man's arm and dead man's leg.

Berkeley Cheese, Historically: Where are your personal interests? Said by the current makers, Charles Heritage, History, Traditions or Martell, to be a "Full fat hard cheese made with pasteurised cows' milk and Customs natural rennet. Includes annatto which Why are the History, Heritage, gives it a mottled appearance. It has a natural rind Customs and Traditions of the British Isles still and is wrapped in waxed paper. Softer in texture so important to British Columbians? Who are than a Double Gloucester. A cheese mentioned in the Welsh, the Irish, the Scottish, the English and the Cornish in British Columbia and more… literature in 1796 as being made in the Berkeley district of Gloucestershire. It had died out until Who is Robbie Burns, St. David, St Piran, resurrected on this farm in 1984." St. Patrick, St. George or St. Andrews? What are the foods, customs and traditions Clotted Cream, Devon of those from the British Isles? Custard: It has long been Check out our British Isles Historic Society disputed whether clotted cream newsletters originated in Devon or Cornwall, https://rssg.org.uk/branches/overseas/americas/ and which county makes it the best. There is canada/ evidence that the monks of Tavistock Abbey were Mousecatcher Biscuits, (Now an Extinct making clotted cream in the early 14th century. After Biscuit, over time many biscuits styles and their abbey had been ransacked by Vikings in AD manufacturers have come and gone. ). Known from 997, the monks rebuilt it with the help of Ordulf, Earl correspondence in local newspapers c1970. They of Devon. Local workers were drafted in to help with were bread slices (toasted on one side in the oven) the repairs, and the monks rewarded them with then covered with grated ordinary ("mousetrap") bread, clotted cream, and strawberry preserves. The cheese and scattered with small pieces of bacon and 1658 cookery book The Compleat Cook had a recipe thinly sliced tomato. Some very small pieces of for "clouted cream onion. They had to be baked crisp, the bread was fairly thin, " sliced" white. They were cut into pieces about the size of a cracker biscuit and they were delicious savouries.