th Canadian Obesity Student Meeting June 18 - 21, 2014
#COSM2014 4 University of Waterloo - Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Organizing Committee: Canadian Obesity Network: CON -SNP UW Dr. Arya Sharma Taryn Orava (Co-Chair) Dawn Hatanaka Cassandra Lowe (Co-Chair) Brad Hussey Iris Levine (Kinesiology Representative) Jessica Lieffers (COSM Logistics Coordinator) CON-SNP National Executive Rachel Laxer (PICDP Liaison) Angela Alberga (Chair) Cassondra McCrory (Guest Speaker & Session Coordinator) Keith Brewster (Vice Chair) Isabelle Messa (Communications Director) Cassandra Lowe (Events & Recruitment Coordinator) Jill Morrison (Program Development) Jasmin Bhawra (Secretary) Gobi Sriranganathan (Fundraising Coordinator) Deborah Schwartz (Financial Director) Renata Valaitis (Social Events Coordinator) Paul Gorczynski (Communications Director) Lana Vanderlee (PICDP Liaison) Stacy Dikareva (Chapter representative (East)) Corrie Vincent (Social Events & Volunteer Coordinator) Sarah Chapelsky (Chapter representative (West)) Jessica Lieffers (CON Scientific Committee Liaison) Advisory Panel: Samantha Hajna (Outgoing Chair) Dr. Rhona Hanning (University of Waterloo) Taryn Orava (Outgoing Vice Chair) Dr. Barbara Riley (Propel Centre for Population Health Impact) Darla Steinmann (Propel Centre for Population Health Impact) Dr. Arya Sharma (CON-RCO)
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Table of Contents
Schedule-at-a-Glance 4 Messages From the Organizers 6 From the Advisory Panel 7 From CON-SNP National 8 General Information 9 Maps University of Waterloo Main Campus 10 Buildings at St. Paul’s University College 11 Running Routes (2.5 km & 10 km) 11 Uptown Waterloo/Restaurant Guide 13 Daily Schedules Wednesday June 18, 2014 16 Thursday June 19, 2014. 17 Friday June 20, 2014 20 Saturday June 21, 2014 22 Poster Presentations 25 Who’s Who at COSM 2014 28 Oral Presentation Abstracts 38
Poster Presentation Abstracts 54 Awards 64
The team at Watson’s Eatery is committed to healthy eating and sustainability. Featuring 3 red seal chefs, they offer a wide variety of healthy menu items, cooked from scratch and purchased locally whenever possible. As a social entrepreneur, Watson’s Eatery only serves fair trade coffee and is dedicated to waste-reduction through the use of compostable and biodegradable disposables and by limiting individual packaging. Watson’s Eatery discourages the use of plastic water bottles and asks that these please not be left in the cafeteria.
One pass through the line at breakfast and lunch are included with conference registration or purchase of a day pass. Dinner can be purchased with cash or debit.
Hours of Operation Breakfast - Hot: 7:30 – 9:00 am (Continental until 10:30 am) Lunch – Culinary table: 11:30 am – 1:30 pm (Fresh Grille until 2:00 pm) Dinner – Culinary table: 4:30 – 6:30 pm (Fresh Grille until 7:00 pm)
*Breakfast and Lunch only on Saturday, June 21*
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Schedule-at-a-Glance
Wednesday, June 18, 2014 – Welcome and COSM Orientation 1:00 pm - 4:00 pm Registration (Alumni Hall) 4:00 pm - 5:30 pm Opening Ceremonies (Lecture Hall) 5:30 - 6:00 pm Networking Event (St. Paul’s Patio) 6:00 pm - 7:00 pm Welcome Barbecue (St. Paul’s Patio) 7:00 pm Mix ‘n Mingle (UW Graduate House) Thursday, June 19, 2014 – Focus on Prevention and Treatment 6:30 am - 7:30 am Optional Physical Activity (Various locations – see daily schedule) 7:30 am – 8:30 am Breakfast (Watson’s Eatery) 8:00 am - 9:00 am CON-SNP Leadership Breakfast (Alumni Hall) – By invitation only 9:00 am - 10:30 am Childhood Obesity in Canada - Panel Discussion (Lecture Hall) 10:30 am - 10:45 am Morning Break – Refreshments Provided (Alumni Hall) 10:45 am - 11:45 am Trainee Oral Presentations – Session #1 • Childhood Obesity Strategies (Lecture Hall)
• Maternal and Family Health (Aboriginal Centre)
• Other Causes of Obesity (Chapel) 11:45 am- 1:00 pm Trainee Poster Presentations (Alumni Hall)
12:00 pm - 1:00 pm Lunch (Watson’s Eatery) 1:00 pm - 2:15 pm Trainee Oral Presentations – Session #2 • Novel Interventions (Chapel)
• Brain-Gut Relationships (Aboriginal Centre)
2:15 pm - 2:30 pm Afternoon Break (Alumni Hall) 2:30 pm - 3:30 pm Is Obesity A Disease? - Interactive Debate (Lecture Hall)
3:30 pm - 6:30 pm Propel Center for Population Health Impact Sponsored Collaboration Challenge (Alumni Hall) 6:30 pm - 7:00 pm Delegate Free Time (See activity guide for suggestions)
7:00 pm Beach Volleyball Social (Start off at Bobby O’Brien’s – 125 King Street W, Kitchener) Friday, June 20, 2014 – Focus on Populations
6:30 am - 7:30 am Optional Physical Activity (Various locations – see daily schedule) 7:30 am – 8:30 am Breakfast (Watson’s Eatery)
8:30 am - 10:00 am Knowledge Mobilization - Panel Discussion (Lecture Hall) 10:00 am - 10:15 am Morning Break – Refreshments Provided (Alumni Hall)
10:15 am - 11:30 am Trainee Oral Presentations – Session #3 • Prevalence and Predictions (Chapel) • Food Environments (Aboriginal Center) • Health Policy (Lecture Hall)
11:30 am - 1:00 pm Trainee Poster Presentations (Alumni Hall)
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Friday, June 20, 2014 – (Continued) 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm Lunch (Watson’s Eatery) 1:00 pm - 2:30 pm Population-Level Interventions: What We Can (and Can’t) Learn From Tobacco (Lecture Hall) 2:30 pm - 3:30 pm Professional Development with Career Services (Lecture Hall) 2:30 pm – 4:30 pm Obesity Expo (Alumni Hall) 4:30 pm - 6:00 pm What’s Next? Career Panel (Lecture Hall) 6:00 pm Uptown Waterloo Dinner/Social (See restaurant guide on page 13 for dinner suggestions; Dancing at Starlight Social Club – 47 King Street N, Waterloo) Saturday, June 21, 2014 – Focus on Causes and Consequences 6:30 am - 7:30 am Optional Physical Activity (Various locations – see daily schedule) 7:30 am - 8:30 am Breakfast (Watson’s Eatery) 8:30 am - 10:00 am Weight Bias and Stigma - Panel Discussion (Lecture Hall) 10:00 am - 10:15 am Morning Break – Refreshments Provided (Alumni Hall) 10:15 am - 11:30 am Trainee Oral Presentations – Session #4 • Diabetes (Aboriginal Centre) • Weight Bias and Stigma (Lecture Hall)
• Genetic Factors (Chapel)
11:30 am - 1:00 pm Trainee Poster Presentations (Alumni Hall) 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm Lunch (Watson’s Eatery)
1:00 pm - 2:00 pm Trainee Oral Presentations – Session #5 • The Measurement of Obesity (Lecture Hall) • Health and Well-Being (Chapel) • Bariatric Surgery (Aboriginal Center)
2:00 pm - 2:15 pm Afternoon Break – Refreshments provided (Alumni Hall) 2:15 pm - 3:45 pm Healthy Obesity, Is It a Myth? – Presented by Dr. Sean Wharton (Lecture Hall)
3:45 pm - 5:30 pm Delegate Free Time (See “Things to Do” on page 9 for suggestions) 5:30 pm COSM 2014 Awards Dinner (Golf’s Steak House & Seafood – 598 Lancaster Street W, Kitchener) *A shuttle will leave from the front entrance of St. Paul’s at 5:30 pm and will return to campus (with a stop in Uptown Waterloo) after the dinner. Dinner will be served at 7:00 pm.
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From the Organizers
On behalf of the 2014 COSM organizing committee, we are delighted to welcome you to the fourth Canadian Obesity Student Meeting at the University of Waterloo!
This year’s COSM is filled with a plethora of formal and informal activities, intended to facilitate collaborations and connections amongst the interdisciplinary delegates from across the country. Each day, students and new professionals will have the opportunity to showcase their research in all areas of obesity prevention, treatment and management across all age groups and diverse populations. Over twenty guest speakers will share their knowledge, understanding, and perspective of the complexity of obesity through panel discussions, guest lectures and interactive debates. Delegates will enhance their knowledge of new and emerging research such as the classification of obesity as a disease, the stigma and mental health considerations associated with obesity, and the need for a dynamic shift away from individual-level interventions to population health strategies.
The University of Waterloo prides itself on being at the forefront of innovation, and the CON-SNP UW Chapter made no exception when it came to planning COSM 2014. This year, COSM organizers have partnered with the Propel Centre for Population Health Impact to deliver a unique Collaboration Challenge. This unique case-style competition rallies multidisciplinary teams to drawn upon their own research strengths and work collaboratively to effectively communicate an innovative solution. As a means to provide delegates with information on what to expect after graduation, COSM organizers will for the first time host an Obesity Expo. Representatives from industry, government and academia will provide details on what their organizations have to offer to new professionals and the Centre for Career Action will host a professional development seminar dedicated to new grads. With such a jam-packed scientific conference, be sure to use this program as your guide to what’s happening each day.
Lastly, COSM 2014 would not have been made possible without the assistance of so many dedicated individuals. Thank you to the CON-SNP UW Chapter members and faculty supervisor, Dr. Rhona Hanning, who volunteered countless hours to the development and promotion of COSM. Thank you to the CON-SNP National Executive, our CON support system, COSM Advisory Board Members and to all of our sponsors and supporters.
All the best at COSM 2014,
Taryn Orava, Co-Chair, COSM 2014 Cassandra Lowe, Co-Chair, COSM 2014 PhD Candidate, University of Waterloo PhD Student, University of Waterloo
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From the Advisory Panel
On behalf of the organizing committee, the Canadian Obesity Network (CON-RCO), the University of Waterloo and the University of Alberta, we are delighted to welcome you to the 4th Canadian Obesity Student Meeting (COSM).
As the next generation of obesity researchers and health practitioners, you represent Canada’s best chance for a healthier future. The quality of abstracts submitted for this year’s conference displays a breadth and depth that exceeded our expectations – a testament not only to the excellence of Canadian research, but also to your important role as trainees and new professionals in pushing innovation within the myriad disciplines that touch upon obesity and related issues.
Our hope is that you come to Waterloo eager to share and learn with your peers, and that you leave invigorated and inspired. This conference is much an exercise in networking as it is a scientific symposium, and we also hope that you connect with new people and explore the possibilities for current and future collaborations in research among the growing obesity community.
Special acknowledgements go to our Student and New Professional (SNP) organizing committee for their hard work developing and executing the agenda and the staff of CON-RCO for their logistical support to make the 4th Canadian Obesity Student Meeting a success. Finally, we thank our conference sponsors for their generous support, without which events like this would not be possible.
Enjoy the meeting – we look forward to meeting and learning from you.
Arya Sharma Barb Riley Rhona Hanning Darla Steinmann MD/PhD, FRCPC PhD PhD, RD Project Manager, Scientific Director and CEO, Executive Director Professor, School of Propel Centre for Canadian Obesity Network Propel Centre for Public Health and Population Health Professor of Medicine Chair Population Health Health Systems, Impact for Obesity Research & Impact University of Waterloo Management, University Investigator, Propel of Alberta Centre for Population Health Impact
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From CON-SNP National
Dear CON-SNPs, delegates and fellow attendees,
Welcome to the 4th Canadian Obesity Student Meeting in Waterloo!
Every two years, the Canadian Obesity Network- Students and New Professionals (CON-SNP) initiative collaborate with a Canadian university to organize the Canadian Obesity Student Meeting (COSM). This student-run symposium is a unique academic and professional development experience that allows both students and new professionals to gain vital experience organizing a conference, developing a scientific program, peer-reviewing research, and planning events in order to enhance career development and networking opportunities for hundreds interesting in pursuing a career in obesity research and management. In doing so, COSM has been developed to provide an inclusive atmosphere for individuals to present their research findings to their colleagues, engage in discussions with experts, and learn of new career opportunities in the field.
We urge all of our fellow colleagues to take full advantage of the networking breakfasts, lunches, dinners and social events to get to know your peers and meet your future colleagues. Mix and mingle with fellow trainees and new professionals to talk about your research, brainstorm ideas, engage in discussions and make new friends from across the country! Be sure to introduce yourselves to the CON-SNP National Executive, our invited speakers, ask them about their expertise and hear about their career paths. For both of us, CON- SNP has been like a family, welcoming and supportive from the start. We invite you to be part of that family and use COSM as a platform to broaden your horizons, while making friends and memories that will last forever.
We would like to sincerely thank the co-chairs of COSM (Taryn Orava and Cassandra Lowe), the university of Waterloo, and the CON-SNP National Executive team for working diligently to make this conference happen.
We hope you enjoy the conference and look forward to meeting you all over the next few days in Waterloo!
Angela Alberga Keith Brewster Chair, CON-SNP Vice-Chair, CON-SNP National Executive National Executive Postdoctoral Fellow, PhD Candidate, University of Calgary University of British Columbia
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General Information
Registration/Information Desk House: Wednesday, June 18, 2014 1:00 pm - 4:00 pm (St. Paul’s Alumni Hall) Thursday, June 19, 2014 7:30 am – 2:30 pm (St. Paul’s Reception Desk) Friday, June 20, 2014 7:30 am – 4:30 pm (St. Paul’s Reception Desk) Saturday June 21, 2014 7:30 am – 2:30 pm (St. Paul’s Reception Desk)
ATM machines are located in Watson’s Eatery (Scotiabank) and in the Student Life Centre (CIBC).
Parking: The parking lot in front of the main St. Paul's building is available for $5/day and is free on weekends. Overnight guests to St. Paul's receive a free parking pass with their accommodations. This pass is valid until midnight on the day that you check out of your room.
Get Connected: Connect using credentials from any participating Eduroam institution. Guests staying at St. Paul’s will also be assigned a guest log-in. Guest IDs can be obtained from the registration desk for delegates who are not able to connect through these means.
Social media: #COSM 2014, Instagram, Facebook, @CONSNPWaterloo
Things to Do: Daily Group Exercise: 6:30 - 7:30 am Yoga w/ Kimberley Luu, MMA & Crosstraining w/ Embodied Energy, Boot Camp w/ Natalie Veras – See daily schedules for details.
Conference delegates will have access to fitness classes offered by Campus Rec. See conference package for class schedules and details.
Visit “Ontario’s favourite rural destination”, the Village of St. Jacobs. The Farmers’ Market is open on Tuesday from 8:00 am to 3:00 pm and Thursday and Saturday from 7:00 am to 3:30 pm. From campus, take the 200 iXpress to Conestoga Mall and transfer to route 21 at the mall.
Stroll through Waterloo Park. Take in several historic sites and the Eby Farmstead, which features a diverse range of animals.
Explore the city on one of the recommended running/walking routes described in the maps section.
If it’s raining: Explore Conestoga Mall (via 200 iXpress to Conestoga) or the shops at Uptown (via 200 iXpress to Ainslie Terminal).
Places to Eat: Included in registration or purchase of day pass: breakfast and lunch will be served daily in Watson’s Eatery by Chartwells Catering. Breakfast: 7:30 – 9:00 am, Lunch: 11:30 am – 1:30 pm. Dinner can be purchased at Watson’s Eatery on weekdays from 4:30 – 6:30 pm. Cash and debit are accepted.
Note: Breakfast will not be available at Watson’s Eatery on Sunday. Alternatives include Tim Horton’s in the SLC (open Sunday, 10:30 am - 4:00 pm), Williams in the University Shops Plaza (7:30 am – 1:00 am) and the cafeteria at St. Jerome’s University (9:30 am – 6:30 pm).
See page 13 for a map and list of suggested restaurants in and around Uptown Waterloo.
Getting Around: By Bus: Grand River Transit (GRT) – Free access with conference badge From campus: Route 7 and 200 iXpress (to Ainslie Terminal) buses travel along King Street through Uptown Waterloo and downtown Kitchener. From the downtown/Uptown core: Route 7D & 7E (not 7C) and 200 iXpress (to Conestoga Mall) travel along King St. to the UW main campus. *Full route maps available at the registration table.
By Taxi: Waterloo Taxi Ltd (519) 886-1200 City Cabs (519) 747-7777
Walk: Approximately 25 min. to/from Uptown Waterloo Square via the Laurel Trail, which runs along the east edge of campus and through Waterloo Park.
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Maps
University of Waterloo Campus Map
Columbia Ice Fields (CIF)
Student Life Centre Main Bus Terminal
Grad House
St. Paul’s
Laurel Trail to
Uptown
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Buildings at St. Paul’s University College
Room Numbers: Aboriginal Centre STP 228 Alumni Hall STP 201 Chapel STP 118 Lecture Hall STP 105
Running Route – 2.5 km through Waterloo Park
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Maps
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Thursday, June 19
Starting off at 7:00 pm for dinner and …followed later by BEACH VOLLEYBALL KARAOKE on the outdoor courts at at
125 King Street W, Kitchener From UW: Take route 7 to King/Gaukel and walk 130m further. Bobby’s will be on the right. 28 King Street N, Waterloo, ON OR take 200 iXpress (towards Ainslie Terminal) to From Bobby’s: Take GRT route 7 headed back towards Charles St. Terminal, turn left up Ontario Street, then left Uptown to King/Erb. See Map of Uptown Waterloo, #30 onto King Street. Bobby’s will be on the left.
Are you looking for something to do Friday night?
On Friday, June 20 current trainees from Population Interventions for Chronic Disease Prevention (PICDP) program are organizing a gathering in Uptown Waterloo at 7:00 pm.
Where: James Bond When: Friday, 7:00 pm Who: Everyone! We would like to invite current PICDP trainees, PICDP alumni and anyone interested in population intervention research to join us!
See old friends or meet new friends, eat some delicious fare, and engage in some great conversation about the research going on in the world of population health interventions! Join us for a toast! Hope to see you there!
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Daily Schedule
Wednesday June 18, 2014 - Welcome and COSM Orientation Time Session/Event 1:00 pm - 4:00 pm Registration Desk Opens (Alumni Hall) 4:00 pm - 5:30 pm Opening Remarks and Guest Speaker (Lecture Hall) Co-Organizers Taryn Orava and Cassandra Lowe will welcome delegates to COSM 2014 and introduce Dr. Arya Sharma (Scientific Director of the Canadian Obesity Network) who will discuss CON and CON-SNP Membership and what to expect during COSM 2014 and Dr. Susan Elliott, Dean of the Faculty of Applied Health Sciences at the University of Waterloo. Cassondra McCrory will introduce Dr. Jennifer Ellison, who will speak about the historic development of the obesity epidemic 5:30 pm - 6:00 pm Networking Event (St. Paul’s Patio) Structured networking activity. 6:00 pm - 7:00 pm Welcome Barbecue (St. Paul’s Patio) CON-SNP Waterloo Chapter invites delegates of COSM to attend a welcome barbecue on the patio of St. Paul’s University College. Delegates will have the opportunity to meet the COSM planning committee, sponsor representatives, and fellow trainees while enjoying a variety of healthy meal options. 7:00 pm Mix ‘n Mingle (UW Grad House) All delegates are invited to the University of Waterloo Graduate House, located in the heart of the University of Waterloo campus, for an informal networking session.
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Thursday June 19, 2014 – Focus on Prevention and Treatment Time Session/Event 6:30 am - 7:30 am Optional Physical Activity Yoga w/ Kimberley Luu (Prayer room, 3rd Floor, Student Life Centre) – Yoga mats provided MMA & Crosstraining w/ Embodied Energy (St. Paul’s Green) Boot Camp w/ Natalie Veras (Location TBA) 7:30 am - 8:30 am Breakfast (Watson’s Eatery) - Included with registration or day pass 8:00 am - 9:00 am CON-SNP Leadership Breakfast (Alumni Hall – by invitation only) The CON-SNP National Executive will host a networking breakfast for CON-SNP members from our 30 local chapters. Chapter leaders are encouraged to share their successes and challenges on issues such as: leadership transitions from year to year, recruiting diversity, fundraising ideas, building relationships with community partners, successful event planning, and budgeting in small group discussions. 9:00 am - 10:30 am Childhood Obesity in Canada - Panel Discussion (Lecture Hall) A panel of three researchers in the area of obesity, Dr. Martin Cooke, Dr. Jess Haines, and Dr. Rhona Hanning, will speak of their experience researching and working alongside communities to address the obesity epidemic in Canada.
10:30 am - 10:45 am Morning Break – Refreshments provided (Alumni Hall) 10:45 am - 11:45 am Concurrent Trainee Oral Presentations – Session #1
Oral presentations will be 15 minutes in length (10 minute presentation, 5 minute questions) and adjudicated by a faculty member and two student representatives.
Childhood Obesity Strategies (Lecture Hall)
10:45-01-OR R. Liu, J.D. Irwin, & D. Morrow. Health behaviour outcomes of co-active life coaching obesity-focused interventions: a scoping review
11:00-02-OR G. Mandich. Interdisciplinary interventions to address childhood obesity: a scoping review
11:15-03-OR I. Patton, T. Overend, L. Miller, & A. Mandich. Daily physical activity program in Ontario elementary schools: a program evaluation
11:30-04-OR S.E. Loiselle, T.R. Cohen, P. Kasvis, C.A. Vanstone, C. Rodd, H. Plourde, & H.A. Weiler. Identification of successful goal setting strategies: results from a family-based lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese children aged 6-12 years Maternal and Family Health (Aboriginal Centre)
10:45-05-OR Z. Ferraro, N. Barrowman, D. Prud’Homme, M. Walker, S.W. Wun, M.
Rodger, & K. Adamo. Mothers with obesity: examining the effects of discordant gestational weight gain guidelines on neonatal birth weight
11:00-06-OR M. Belan, K. Duval, F. Jean-Denis, M.F. Langlois, Y. Ainmelk, B. Carranza- Mamane, M.H. Pesant, & J.P. Baillargeon. Characteristics of male partners of infertile couples in which the wife is obese and participates in a clinical trial on the impacts of a lifestyle intervention 11:15-07-OR L. De Souza, E. Kogan, H. Berger, G. Lebovic, & J. Ray. Abdominal visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in early pregnancy
11:30-08-OR M. Myre & C. Barriault. Communicating with women about gestational weight gain: a qualitative study on the perspective of maternity care practitioners
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Daily Schedule
Thursday June 19, 2014 (Continued) Time Session/Event
Other Causes of Obesity (Chapel) 10:45-09-OR J. McNeil, M. Tremblay, G. Leduc, C. Boyer, P. Belanger, A. Leblanc, M. Borghese, & J.P. Chaput. Objectively-measured sleep and its association with adiposity, physical activity and screen time in a sample of Canadian children 11:00-10-OR T. Kanagasabai & C.I. Ardern. Very poor sleep quality, independent of sleep quantity, increases metabolic health risks in a large US sample 11:15-11-OR T. Katapally, J.A. Episkenew, C. Karunanayake, S. Abonyi, J. Dosman, & P. Pahw Upstream interventions to reduce risk of obstructive sleep apnea in First Nations: generating evidence to break the chain of association between lack of physical activ overweight or obese weight status and risk of obstructive sleep apnea
11:30-12-OR S. Hajna, L. Joseph, & K. Dasgupta. Associations between pedometer-assessed da step counts, self-reported daily minutes spent sitting, and blood pressure in adults with type 2 diabetes.
11:45 am- 1:00 pm Trainee Poster Presentations (Session A) – Treatment & Prevention (Alumni Hall) Poster presentations will be adjudicated by a faculty member and two student representatives. See page 25 for full poster schedule.
12:00 pm - 1:00 pm Lunch (Watson’s Eatery) – Included with registration or day pass
1:00 pm - 2:00 pm Concurrent Trainee Oral Presentations – Session #2 Oral presentations will be 15 minutes in length (10 minute presentation, 5 minute questions) and adjudicated by a faculty member and two student representatives.
Novel Interventions (Chapel)
1:00-13-OR P. Gorczynski, H. Patel, & R. Ganguli. Improving diabetes medication adherence in schizophrenia: using the medical research council framework to structure future interventions
1:15-14-OR J. Lieffers, H. Maresign, C. Mehling, & R. Hanning. User feedback helps a web-based nutrition/physical activity behaviour goal setting and tracking tool to set a new track
1:30-15-OR R. Orji, R. Mandryk, & J. Vassileva. We are not the same! Adapting game for health to gamer types
1:45-16-OR M. Murray & G. Goldfield. Computer-mediated social networking engagement, social benefits, and emotional eating
Brain-Gut Relationship (Aboriginal Centre) 1:00-17-OR D. Schwartz, M. Pangelinan, C. Foster, B. Pike, L. Richer, Z. Pausova, & R. Paus. Visceral fat is associated with brain volumes in middle-aged adults
1:15-18-OR C. Lowe, P. Hall & W. Staines. The effects of continuous theta burst stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive function, food cravings, and snack food consumption
1:30-19-OR I. Messa, J.L. Robb, D. Young, J. Thacker, & J. Mielke. Investigating the effects of high-fat diets on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in female rats
2:00 pm – 2:15 pm Afternoon Break – Refreshments provided (Alumni Hall)
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Thursday June 19, 2014 (Continued) Time Session/Event 2:15 pm – 3:15 pm Is Obesity a Disease? – Interactive Debate (Lecture Hall) Four experts from their respective fields, Dr. Sharon Kirkpatrick, Dr. Samantha Meyer, Dr. John Mielke, and Dr. Russell Tupling, will come together to debate “Is obesity a disease?” In a 3-round parley, the panelists will defend their point of view 3:15 pm – 6:15 pm Propel Centre for Population Health Impact Sponsored Collaboration Challenge (Alumni Hall) Students and new professionals are invited to participate in the COSM 2014 Collaboration Challenge. Individuals will be grouped to form a number of “planning committees” and provided with a case based on a current problem facing obesity that requires an evidence-informed solution. Groups will have 2 hours to develop a proposal and will then have the opportunity to present. Submissions will be adjudicated by a multidisciplinary panel of experts as representatives of both academia and practice - Jaimie Killingbeck, Melanie Pereira, Cassondra McCrory, Dr. Barb Riley, Dr. Cameron Willis, and Dr. Jennifer Yessis. Winners of this challenge will be announced at the COSM 2014 Awards Dinner. 6:15 pm – 7:00 pm Delegate free time See pages 9-14 for suggestions of “Things to Do” including maps of Waterloo Park, Uptown and running/walking routes of various distances.
7:00 pm Beach volleyball social event Delegates are invited to head to Bobby O’Brien’s – an Irish patio and pub (see advertisement on page 14 for directions). After dinner, participate in a friendly game of beach volleyball on Bobby’s patio. Get your voices warmed up too, as we’ll finish off the night back in Uptown Waterloo at our local karaoke establishment, Chainsaw!
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Daily Schedule
Friday June 20, 2014 – Focus on Populations Time Session/Event 6:30 am - 7:30 am Optional Physical Activity Yoga w/ Kimberley Luu MMA & Crosstraining w/ Embodied Energy (St. Paul’s Green) Boot Camp w/ Natalie Veras (Location TBA) 7:30 am - 8:30 am Breakfast (Watson’s Eatery) - Included with registration or day pass 8:30 am - 10:00 am Knowledge Mobilization - Panel Discussion (Lecture Hall) What knowledge mobilization (KM) works for whom under what circumstances? Members of the Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, Dr. Steve Manske, Dr. Barb Riley, and Dr. Jennifer Yessis, will discuss different approaches to KM using specific examples – Ontario Healthy Kids expert panel, School Health Action Planning and Evaluation System, multi-site evaluations – along with the strengths and limitations of these approaches.
10:00 am - 10:15 am Morning Break – Refreshments provided (Alumni Hall) 10:15 am - 11:30 am Concurrent Trainee Oral Presentations – Session #3 Oral presentations will be 15 minutes in length (10 minute presentation, 5 minute
questions) and adjudicated by a faculty member and two student representatives.
Prevalence and Predictions (Chapel) 10:15-20-OR N. Dumas, & F. Bergeron. Review of Thirteen years of Canadian research on macro level in Childhood Obesity: Where do we stand? 10:30-21-OR S.J. Heinzle, G.D.C. Ball, & J.L. Kuk. Prevalence and Predictors of Healthy Obese Phenotypes in Adolescents 10:45-22-OR H. Guty. Changes in dietary habits among international students at Nipissing University 11:00-23-OR R.R. Tripathi, K. Boutis, L. Barra, K. Tran, V. Sabhaney, & Q Doan. Accuracy of the Weight-for-age Index in Identifying Obese Children in the Emergency Setting Food Environments (Aboriginal Centre) 10:15-24-OR L. Vanderlee, & D. Hammond. Factors that influence food choices in cafeterias: How important is nutrition? 10:30-25-OR M. Brierley, & C. Elliot. The Meat of the Matter: Focussing on Boys and Their Healthy Packaged Food Choices 10:45-26-OR T. Orava, & R. Hanning. Invetigating School Food Environments within Region of Peel Following Implementaion of the Ontario School Food and Beverage Policy 11:00-27-OR T. Shewring, A. Farmer, G. Ball, V. Carson, L. Lafave, & S. Tyminski. Policy, Educators, and Parents: Perceptions and Influence of Healthy Eating-Active Living Environments (HEALE) for Preschool Children in Child Care Centres
Health Policy (Lecture Hall) 10:15-28-OR J-L. McIsaac, T. Penney, K. MacLeod, C. Shearer, S. Kuhle, & S. Kirk. Measuring “form” and “function” in complex school-based population health interventions 10:30-29-OR R. Valaitis, R. Hanning, & T. Orava. Perspectives of Students, Parents and School Stakeholders on the Implementation of P/PM150 in Region of Peel Schools 10:45-30-OR G. Mammen, M. Stone, R. Buliung, & G. Faulkner. Evaluating School Travel Planning in Canada: An Interdisciplinary Intervention to Increase Active School Travel 11:00-31-OR M. Lamari, C. Héronneau. Walking the talk and talking the walk of anti-obesity public policies in Québec: A Logic Modeling Approach
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Friday June 20, 2014 (Continued) Time Session/Event 11:30 am - 1:00 pm Poster Session B – Populations & Population Interventions (Alumni Hall) Adjudicated by a faculty member and two student representatives. See pages 25-26 for full poster schedule. 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm Lunch (Watson’s Eatery) - Included with registration or day pass 1:00 pm - 2:30 pm Population-level interventions: What we can (and can’t) learn from tobacco (Lecture Hall) Health policy and population interventions are important tools for promoting health and preventing chronic disease at the population level. During this session, experts Dr. David Hammond and Dr. Leia Minaker will examine some of the population-level interventions used by tobacco control advocates that led to decreases in smoking rates, and discuss lessons that can be transferred from tobacco control to the context of obesity, and in particular, nutrition and physical activity. The session will explore what tactics from tobacco may be helpful, and what may be harmful, in the fight against high and rising rates of obesity. 2:30 pm – 3:30 pm Professional Development with Career Services (Lecture Hall) In this workshop we will discuss the value of making connections and building
relationships, as well as identifying who might be in your existing network, and different
strategies for expanding upon it (including personal introductions, and networking
interviews). We will review the purpose of a CV (and how it differs from a résumé), how
to begin preparing the CV, length and what information to include. Finally, we will
address the purpose, tone and length of an ideal academic cover letter, as well as letter
structure.
2:30 pm - 4:30 pm Obesity Expo (Alumni Hall) Delegates will have the opportunity to meet face-to-face with potential employers as well as learn about obesity-related products and services that can be applied to their own research or practice. 4:30 pm - 6:00 pm What’s Next? Career Panel (Lecture Hall) Representatives from industry, academia, government and not-for-profit organizations, Sam AbiSaab, Dr. Erin Hobin, Michael Patterson, Dr. Ian Patton, Dr. Arya Sharma, and
Dr. Sean Wharton, will discuss what trainees can expect after graduation and how their
degrees in health sciences can be applied to various fields.
6:00 pm Dinner & Dancing in Uptown Waterloo Come out and indulge in culinary creations from local Uptown Waterloo restaurants. See page 13 for dining suggestions. After you refuel, get your dancing shoes on as we party the night away at the Starlight Social Club (47 King Street N, Waterloo).
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Daily Schedule
Saturday June 21, 2014 – Focus on Causes and Consequences Time Session/Event 6:30 am - 7:30 am Optional Physical Activity Fitness w/ Embodied Energy (St. Paul’s Green) Boot Camp w/ Natalie Veras (Location TBA) 7:30 am - 8:30 am Breakfast (Watson’s Eatery) - Included with registration or day pass 8:30 am - 10:00 am Weight Bias and Stigma - Panel Discussion (Lecture Hall) Experts from across Canada, Dr. Mary Forhan, Dr. Carla Rice, and Jacob Shelley will discuss social discrimination and stigma associated with being overweight or obese and will introduce non-biomedical ways of framing fatness. 10:00 am - 10:15 am Morning Break – Refreshments provided (Alumni Hall) 10:15 am - 11:30 am Concurrent Trainee Oral Presentations – Session #4 Oral presentations will be 15 minutes in length (10 minute presentation, 5 minute questions) and adjudicated by a faculty member and two student representatives. Diabetes (Aboriginal Centre) 10:15-32-OR C. Vincent, & P. Hall. The effects of acute aerobic exercise on executive function in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 10:30-33-OR T. Manyanga, M. Doupe, E. Sellers, & R. Fransoo. Does the increase in BMI associated with initiation of insulin therapy among youth newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes predict obesity at age 18? 10:45-34-OR K. Lester, L. Twells, D. Gregory, C.S. Kovacs, & J.M. Gamble. Improvement of glycemic control in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy 11:00-35-OR A. Banerjee, P. Flora, M. Stone, & G. Faulkner. Prevalence and prediction of overweight among 10-12 year old South Asian children in Canada: Evidence from Project BEAT Weight Bias and Stigma (Lecture Hall) 10:15-36-OR A. Alberga, B. Pickering, K.A. Hayden, G. MacKean, K. Germann, S. Jelinski, A. Edwards, R. Lafrance, S. Walji, M. Forhan, G. Ball, A. Sharma, & S. Russell-Mayhew. Weight bias in health care: one size fits all? 10:30-37-OR B. Nowrouzi, & M. Forhan. Weight Bias in the Canadian Workplace: A literature review 10:45-38-OR E. Pila, C. Sabiston, & J. O’Loughlin. Body-related shame and guilt: Linking weight status and self-esteem in young adults 11:00-39-OR A. Starr, J. Dwyer, C. Mills, & J. Haines. Attitudes Towards Obese Adults and Children Among Female Senior-level Nutrition and Non-nutrition Students Genetic Factors (Chapel) 10:15-40-OR J. Ralston, & D. Mutch. Reduced activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 during adipogenesis modifies gene expression and lipid profiles in 3T3-L1 pre- adipocytes 10:30-41-OR J. McNeil, A. Schwartz, R. Rabasa-Lhoret, J-M. Lavoie, M. Brochu, & E. Doucet. The association between leptin, total peptide YY and resting energy expenditure before and after a weight loss intervention 10:45-42-OR F. Badoud, K.P. Lam, A. Dibattista, M. Perreault, M.A. Zulyniak, B. Cattrysse, S. Stephenson, P. Britz-McKibbin, & D.M. Mutch. Serum metabolomics and adipose tissue gene expression profiling reveal that amino acid homeostasis reflects insulin sensitivity in metabolically healthy obese individuals 11:00-43-OR M. Ranjbar, M.A. Rotondi, C.I. Ardern, & J.L. Kuk. The Influence of Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Metabolites on the Relationship between BMI and Cardiometabolic Health Risk
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Saturday June 21, 2014 (Continued) Time Session/Event 11:30 am - 1:00 pm Poster Session C – Causes and Consequences (Alumni Hall) Adjudicated by a faculty member and two student representatives. See page 26 for full poster schedule. 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm Lunch (Watson’s Eatery) - Included with registration or day pass 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm Trainee Oral Presentations – Session #5 Oral presentations will be 15 minutes in length (10 minute presentation, 5 minute questions) and adjudicated by a faculty member and two student representatives. The Measurement of Obesity (Lecture Hall) 1:00-44-OR R. Brown, K. Canning, & J. Kuk. Do currently recommended waist circumference measurement sites match where adults prefer to measure? 1:15-45-OR I. Patton, & A. McPherson. Addressing limitations to Body Mass Index for children: The Healthy Body Scorecard 1:30-46-OR M. Orava, & A. Parbtani. Addressing childhood and youth obesity in the primary care setting: Are we meeting the challenge? Health and Well-Being (Chapel) 1:00-47-OR H. Conradson. Opening up understanding: Mapping the zigzag of healthy living for Women 1:30-48-OR A. Cohen, J. Baker, & C.I. Ardern. Associations between Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Canadian Adults 1:45-49-OR I.C. Levine, P.K. Nouri, S. Bhan, M. Mourtzakis, & A.C. Laing. Obesity and fragility fractures: Which estimators of body size and body composition are most strongly related to impact characteristics during falls to the hip? Bariatric Surgery (Aboriginal Centre) 1:00-50-OR A. Dikavera, W.J. Harvey, M.A. Cicchillitti, S.J. Bartlett, & R.E. Andersen. Exploring Perceptions of Barriers, Facilitators, and Motivators to Physical Activity among Female Bariatric Patients 1:15-51-OR E. Gibbons & A. Casey -Bariatric Surgery for Individuals with Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review 1:30-52-OR M.R. Pedersen, L. Twells, D. Gregory, & C.S. Kovacs. Short-term changes in micronutrients and related parameters following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
2:00 pm – 2:15 pm Afternoon Break – Refreshments provided (Alumni Hall) 2:15 pm - 3:45 pm Healthy Obesity: Is it a Myth? – Presentation by Dr. Sean Wharton (Lecture Hall) Obesity has been linked to multiple comorbid conditions, yet there seems to be a proportion of obese patients who defy that association and are seemingly healthy. Some data states that this is a myth, that these individuals have underlying, as yet uncovered, comorbid conditions. If this is true, what is causing the disease, the fat cells themselves, the inflammation from the fat cells, and what are the implications for such a far reaching statement and conclusion? Fact or Fiction.
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Daily Schedule
Saturday June 21, 2014 (Continued) Time Session/Event 3:45 pm - 5:30 pm Delegate Free time See pages 9-14 for suggestions of “Things to Do” including maps of Waterloo Park and running/walking routes of various distances. 5:30 pm COSM 2014 Awards Dinner (Golf’s Steak House & Seafood, 598 Lancaster Street W, Kitchener) COSM Awards will be distributed for Chapter Champion, Rising Star, Dr. Ian Janssen Award, as well as for overall oral and poster presentations for trainees and new professionals. The keynote speaker will be Dr. Roy Cameron. Dr. Arya Sharma will deliver the closing remarks. The shuttle to Golf’s will depart from the front entrance of St. Paul’s at 5:30 pm. Dinner will be served at 7:00 pm. After dinner, the shuttle will return to campus via Uptown Waterloo to drop off any delegates who wish to continue socializing.
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Poster Presentation Schedule
Thursday, June 19, 2014 Poster Session A – Treatment & Prevention (Alumni Hall) 11:30 am – 1:00 pm Those who were assigned to Session A must present their posters during this time 1A K. Luu & P. Hall. Hatha yoga and cognition: a review 2A C. Lowe, C. Vincent, K. Luu, & P. Hall. The effects of acute aerobic activity on cognition and cross-domain transfer to eating behavior 3A M. Gates, A. Gates, F. Andrew, J. Stephen, R. Hanning, & L. Tsuji. Feasibility and impact of a school sports program on the physical activity and fitness of youth in a remote northern Ontario First nation 4A A. Jordan Filion, G. Darlington, J.P. Chaput, M. Ybarra, & J. Haines. Sleep quantity and quality: examination of potential cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with body mass index in young adults 5A S. Chandra & R. Tzianetas. Is there a safe dose for the therapeutic vitamin D supplementation for post-surgical bariatric clients? 6A L. Hintze, A. Cremon, D. Silva, J. Bianchinni, J. McNeil, & N. Nardo Junior. Long term effects of bariatric surgery and physical activity level on sarcopenic obesity 7A M. Fung, S. Wharton, & J. Kuk. Receptivity to bariatric surgery in obese patients 8A T. Jason, D. Rainham, K. McGannon, M. Stone, & C. Blanchard. Does the context of physical activity influence physical activity levels in Canadian children aged 6-11 years? 9A K. Mageto, A. Vlasic, S. Santarossa, & S. Woodroff. The influence of parental encouragement on physical activity behaviours of high school females at risk of physical inactivity 10A M. Sanchez, V. Drapeau, A. Marette, J. Doré, & A. Tremblay. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 supplementation on appetite sensations, energy intake and eating behaviours in obese men and women Friday, June 20, 2014 Poster Session B – Population and Population Interventions (Alumni Hall) 11:30 am – 1:00 pm Those who were assigned to Session B must present their posters during this time 1B A. Gates, K. Skinner & M. Gates. The diets of school-aged Aboriginal youth in Canada: a review of the literature 2B S. Liva & A. Gesicki. The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity in women with infant children: a meta-analysis 3B K. Dobson & P. Hall. Acceptance of assistive technologies for the self-management of type 2 diabetes 4B K. Carlton, Dr. G. Berall, Dr. C. Ardern, Dr. M. Rotondi, & Dr. J. Kuk. Clinical pediatric weight loss program results in modest obesity reduction 5B D. Jiandani, S. Wharton, & J. Kuk. Predictors of early attrition in patients attending an obesity-management program 6B K. Brewster, A. Jordan Filion, K. Walton, R. Brown, L. Davis, & A. Kluftinger. Investigating the role of nutritional and physical activity awareness on outcomes in individuals undertaking various weight management/loss strategies 7B S. Santarossa, A. Vlasic, K. Mageto, & S. Woodruff. An evaluation of the Girls in Motion workshop among high school females at risk of physical inactivity 8B P. Rodriguez. Experiences of the local food environment among immigrants in the Region of Waterloo
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Poster Presentation Schedule
Friday, June 20, 2014 (Continued) 9B C. Birken, K. Tu, W. Oud, S. Carsley, M. Hanna, G. Lebovic, & A. Guttman. Overweight and obesity rates in children in Ontario, Canada using electronic medical records 10B R. Laxer & S. Leatherdale. The COMPASS study: a longitudinal study designed to evaluate changes in programs, policies, and the built environment on overweight, obesity, and related health behaviours among youth 11B A. Maltby & P. Tucker. Objectively measured physical activity levels of preschoolers and their parents 12B T. Jason, D. Rainham, K. McGannon, M. Stone, & C. Blanchard. The context of physical activity and sedentary behavior in relation to psychological distress in Canadian children aged 6-11 years 13B N. Dumas, R. Fratu, A. Lebel, & P. Lamontagne. << A mari usque ad mare >> the untold story of BMI variation among Canadian adults Saturday, June 21, 2014 Poster Session C – Causes and Consequences (Alumni Hall) 11:30 am – 1:00 pm Those who were assigned to Session C must present their posters during this time 1C C. Lowe, C. Vincent, & P. Hall. The effects of situational cues and executive function on snack food consumption among older adults 2C B. Tran, C. Lowe, & P. Hall. The effect of executive function on dietary behaviors in the presence of external cues 3C A. Hetherington, E. Zilberman, A. Stoianov, C. Sawyez, & N. Borrandaile. Oleate causes lipotoxicity in activated human hepatic stellate cells 4C A. Gallant, A. Thifault, J.P. Depres, P. Poirier, I. Lemieux, & C. Rheaume. Relationships between nocturnal blood pressure dipping and anthropometric measures: preliminary results 5C J.L. Robb, E. Lui, I. Messa, D.H. Yeung, & J.G. Mielke. Does a high-fat diet affect spatial learning and memory in female rodents? 6C C. Vincent & P. Hall. Executive function in adults with Type 2 diabetes: a meta-analytic review 7C D. Yeung, J.L. Robb, I. Messa, & J. Mielke. Does a high-fat diet affect hippocampal leptin signaling and neuroinflammation in female rates? 8C B. Mahat, E. Chasse, S. Ait-Ouali, J.F. Mauger, & P. Imbeault. The effect of acute intermittent hypoxia, a simulating model of obstructive sleep apnea, on triglyceride levels in humans 9C S. Nutter & S. Russel-Mayhew. Ideology, thin-ideal internalization, and social comparison: an examination of the predictive qualities of weight bias. 10C A. Trivedi, S. Babic, W. Gibson, J-P. Chanoine. Role of ghrelin in the control of maternal glucose homeostasis during malnutrition. 11C M. Roy, P. Wilk, K. Campbell. Obesity trajectories in children born small at birth and the effect of modifiable factors. 12C A. Secker. Student ability to self-evaluate eating habits in comparison to their peers.
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Notes
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Who’s Who at COSM 2014
Speakers, Panelists and Judges
Mr. Sam AbiSaab Sam AbiSaab has been a health promoter for 20+ years and worked in climates ranging from -30 to +45 Degrees Celsius. Health Promotion was his career choice because he believed, and still believes, it's a main component of health care. He is currently a Health Promotion Specialist with the Heart and Stroke Foundation, and help numerous positions during his tenure including: Assistant to the Health Programs Director at UNICEF Regional Manager at Terre Des Hommes - a Swiss NGO Deputy Director for Technical Affairs at the Ministry of Heath in the United Arab Emirates. Sam will be a panelist for the discussion of “What’s Next?” for trainees after graduation – Friday, June 20 at 4:30 pm (Lecture Hall).
Dr. Roy Cameron Roy Cameron, Executive Director of the Homewood Research Institute, spent most of his academic career in the Faculty of Applied Health Sciences at the University of Waterloo, where he continues as Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the School of Public Health and Health Systems. He was Executive Director of the Propel Centre for Population Health Impact for 16 years, until 2011. Dr. Cameron has been on faculty at the University of Saskatchewan, and a Visiting Scholar at Stanford. He has degrees in English literature and clinical psychology (from Waterloo) and did his internship at Duke University Medical Center. For much of his career, Dr. Cameron did impact oriented science designed to guide tobacco control programs and policies that prevent disease at a population level. More recently he has worked with the Canadian Cancer Society, CIHR, the Heart and Stroke Foundation, the Public Health Agency of Canada and other organizations to create an environment that values impact-oriented science, and to build capacity for such science. The aim is to enable scientists to contribute to improving the well-being of individuals, organizations, and society. To that end, he played a catalytic role as a collaborator in creating the Canadian Tobacco Control Research Initiative, the Population Health Intervention Research Initiative for Canada and other capacity development initiatives. His Homewood role enables him to pursue this agenda of linking evidence and action in mental health and addictions. Dr. Cameron has received honours for his career contributions from a number of organizations including the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences (Fellow), the Society of Behavioral Medicine (Fellow), the National Cancer Institute of Canada (Diamond Jubilee Award), the Canadian Public Health Association (Honorary Life Membership) and the University of Waterloo (University Professor and Distinguished Professor Emeritus designations). Dr. Cameron will deliver the keynote address at the COSM 2014 Awards dinner – Saturday, June 21 at 5:30 pm (Golf’s Steak House & Seafood).
Dr. Martin Cooke Martin Cooke is Associate Professor in the School of Public Health and Health Systems and in the Department of Sociology and Legal Studies at the University of Waterloo, and Affiliated Scientist at the Propel Centre for Population Health Impact. His research areas include Canadian social policy and the health and demography of Indigenous peoples. He has written about retirement and pensions policy in Canada, women’s experiences with social assistance, First Nations mobility and migration, and indicators of well-being for Canadian and international Aboriginal populations. Dr. Cooke is currently the co-principal investigator of a CIHR- funded project investigating the social determinants of obesity among Métis and off-reserve First Nations children in partnership with the Métis Nation of Ontario, and the co-academic lead of Healthy Weights Connection, an intervention funded by PHAC’s Innovation Strategy, Achieving Healthier Weights in Canada’s Communities. He is presently the co-Director of the University of Waterloo Survey Research Centre. Dr. Cooke will be a panelist for the discussion of Childhood Obesity in Canada – Thursday, June 19 at 9:00 am (Lecture Hall).
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Dr. Susan Elliott Dr. Susan J. Elliott is dean of the faculty of Applied Health Sciences (www.ahs.uwaterloo.ca) at the University of Waterloo and a professor of public health and health systems, cross-appointed to geography and environmental management. She completed her Ph.D. in medical geography in 1992 and has published extensively in a range of health-related areas including the psychosocial impacts of environmental exposures, the geographies of health promotion, and individual and community level impacts of a range of environmental exposures. She is also an adjunct professor with the United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment & Health (UNU- INWEH) where she works in the area of the water health nexus in East Africa. Her primary research focus is on relationships between environment and health, both of which are broadly defined. Dr. Elliott will give the opening remarks on behalf of the department of Applied Health Sciences – Wednesday, June 18 at 4:00 pm (Lecture Hall).
Dr. Jenny Ellison Jenny Ellison is a Research Associate in the Frost Centre for Canadian Studies & Indigenous Studies at Trent University. She completed a PhD in History at York University in May 2010 and a postdoctoral fellowship at Mount Allison University in 2013. Dr. Ellison's research analyzes how concepts of health and well-being are mobilized in social and cultural settings. She is particularly interested in the history of the body, and the way that women have responded to constructions of femininity. Her work has been published in numerous journals and books, including the award-winning Fat Studies Reader, and has received funding from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). Dr. Ellison will provide opening remarks on the historic development of the obesity epidemic – Wednesday, June 18, at 4 pm (Lecture Hall).
Dr. Mary Forhan Mary Forhan is an assistant professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta. Dr. Forhan is an occupational therapist by training with clinical experience in the areas of eating disorders, obesity treatment and management. Dr. Forhan has a PhD in rehabilitation science and is developing a program of research in the area of bariatric rehabilitation. She completed a post-doctoral research fellowship in the Department of Family Medicine at McMaster University and a post-doctoral research fellowship in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, University Health Network-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute. Dr. Forhan is weight bias and discrimination theme area coordinator for the Canadian Obesity Network. Dr. Forhan will be a panelist in the discussion of “Weight Bias and Stigma” – Saturday, June 21 at 8:30 am (Lecture Hall).
Dr. Jess Haines Jess Haines, PhD, MHSc, RD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition at the University of Guelph. Prior to her appointment at U of G, Dr. Haines was a faculty member at the Obesity Prevention Program in the Department of Population Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Haines’s primary research interest is in the prevention of weight-related disorders among children and adolescents. Within this concentration, her current research is focused on community and family-based interventions aimed at among preschool children. Dr. Haines will be a panelist in the discussion of “Childhood Obesity in Canada” – Thursday, June 19 at 9:00 am (Lecture Hall).
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Who’s Who at COSM 2014
Dr. David Hammond David Hammond is an Associate Professor in the School of Public Health & Health Systems at the University of Waterloo. Dr. Hammond’s research focuses on population-level interventions to reduce chronic disease, with a focus on policies and regulations that reach large segments of the population. Dr. Hammond’s research includes tobacco control policy in the areas of health communications, packaging, and product regulation, as well as nutritional labelling and interventions to promote healthy weights. Dr. Hammond works closely with governments around the world and has served as an Advisor for the World Health Organization. He recently received the Canada’s Premier Young Researcher Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and is a past recipient of the Canadian Medical Association Journal’s Top Canadian Achievements in Health Research Awards 2009 for his work with Geoff Fong and Mary Thompson as part of the International Tobacco Control Policy project, conducted in more than a dozen low and middle income countries. Dr. Hammond will be involved in the discussion of “Population-Level Interventions: What we can (and can’t) learn from tobacco” – Friday, June 20 at 1:00 pm (Lecture Hall).
Dr. Rhona Hanning Rhona Hanning PhD, RD is a Professor in the School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo and investigator with the Propel Centre for Population Health Impact. A Fellow of Dietitians of Canada, Rhona’s main research interests involve food and physical activity behaviour and determinants of Canadian schoolchildren, including First Nation students, and evaluation of school-based interventions that support healthy eating. She has developed and validated tools for dietary intake assessment, including a unique web-based food behaviour questionnaire. She lives in Puslinch, Ontario with her husband, two children and numerous assorted animals. Dr. Hanning will be a panelist for the discussion of “Childhood Obesity in Canada” – Thursday, June 19 at 9:00 am (Lecture Hall).
Dr. Erin Hobin Dr. Erin Hobin (PhD) is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Waterloo and a Scientist in the department of Heath Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention at Public Health Ontario. Her research explores the impact and implementation of population level interventions for chronic disease prevention, specifically in the areas of healthy eating and physical activity promotion. Her current research includes studies investigating the comprehension and use of Nutrition Facts tables among young Canadians, an evaluation of a province-wide physical education policy on secondary students’ physical activity behaviours, the impact of moving neighbourhoods on adult physical activity behaviours, and the efficacy and preferences for standard drink labels and health messages on alcohol containers among adults in Ontario. In March 2014, Erin was awarded a CIHR Operating Grant to examine the impact of an on-shelf nutrition labelling system on the nutritional quality of consumer food purchases in supermarkets in Canada. The primary purpose of Erin’s work is to impact decisions and to produce solution-oriented research by generating evidence to inform interventions for chronic disease prevention. In total, Erin has been awarded more than $1 million in grant funding and published 16 peer reviewed articles in journals including the Journal of Obesity and Canadian Journal of Public Health. Dr. Hobin will be a panelist for the discussion of “What’s Next?” for trainees after graduation – Friday, June 20 at 4:30 pm (Lecture Hall).
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Jaimie Killingbeck Jaimie is a Registered Kinesiologist and the Program for Active Living Coordinator with Schlegel Villages. Her career focus has been with older adults, as she had been involved in the Long Term Care and Retirement sector for the past 14 years. Her passion has been optimizing the abilities of those she works with and improving their quality of life through physical activity. Jaimie also enjoys sharing her knowledge and bringing more awareness to body mechanics, safe lifting techniques and falls prevention. Jaimie will be a judge for the Collaboration Challenge – Thursday June 19 at 3:15pm (Alumni Hall).
Dr. Sharon Kirkpatrick Sharon Kirkpatrick is an Assistant Professor in the School of Public Health and Health Systems at the University of Waterloo. Her work has documented the adverse public health implications of food insecurity among children and adults, including its effects on long-term health, as a strategy for building political will to address this problem. She also conducts research to shed light on factors that influence vulnerability to food insecurity and is currently exploring the use of systems modeling to inform potential program and policy interventions to ameliorate food insecurity. Other areas of emphasis include methodologic issues associated with measuring diet and strategies to mitigate measurement error in dietary assessment. Dr. Kirkpatrick also has an interest in broader nutrition issues related to policy, including obesity. She holds a PhD in Nutritional Sciences and Master of Health Science in Community Nutrition from the University of Toronto, and is a registered dietitian. Dr. Kirkpatrick will be involved in an interactive debate on “Should Obesity Be Classified as a Disease?” – Thursday, June 19 at 2:15 pm (Lecture Hall).
Ms. Cassandra Lowe Cassandra Lowe completed her MSc in January 2014, and is currently a PhD student in School of Public Health and Health Systems at the University of Waterloo. Cassandra’s research focuses on the interplay between brain function and snack food consumption. More specifically, her dissertation will use transcranial magnetic stimulation to examine possible social and physiological modifiers of the relationship between prefrontal brain activity and snack food consumption. She is also involved in research examining the (1) effects of aerobic exercise on cognition, and whether such exercise induced enhancements in cognition also translates to increased self-control in the dietary domain, and (2) environmental modulators (i.e., facilitating versus restraining cues) of the relationship between cognitive factors and snack food consumption. In total, Cassandra has authored or coauthored four scientific articles, and one book chapter. Cassandra is currently the Recruitment and Event Coordinator for the Canadian Obesity Network-Students and New Professionals (CON-SNP) National Executive, and is the Co-Chair of CON-SNP University of Waterloo chapter and COSM 2014. Cassandra will welcome delegates and give opening remarks to launch COSM 2014 – Wednesday, June 18 at 4:00 pm (Lecture Hal).
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Who’s Who at COSM 2014
Dr. Steve Manske Steve Manske is a Senior Scientist at the Propel Centre for Population Health Impact and a Research Associate Professor in Applied Health Sciences at the University of Waterloo. Dr. Manske’s primary focus is promoting youth health, with a goal of supporting communities to pinpoint best opportunities to improve youth health, identify best intervention approaches and access intervention resources. Dr. Manske leads Propel’s Youth Healthy Living program of research. Its goal is to foster development of environments that result in optimal levels of physical activity, healthy eating, and tobacco-free living among Canadian youth aged ten to nineteen, with a special focus on healthy school communities. Youth Healthy Living generates and facilitates use of evidence to improve youth health policies and programs. Dr. Manske provides leadership for the development and implementation of the School Health Action, Planning and Evaluation System (SHAPES). SHAPES collects health and education related information from students and school policy/program information from school staff to create computer-generated custom school profiles. Data can also be aggregated regionally, provincially or nationally to identify trends and evaluate initiatives. Provinces, health regions, school boards and evaluators have used SHAPES to guide program planning and generate timely evidence. Dr. Manske will be a panelist in the discussion of “Knowledge Mobilization” – Friday, June 20 at 8:30am (Lecture Hall).
Ms. Cassondra McCrory Cassondra McCrory has a BSc in Nutrition and Dietetics from Acadia University and is currently completing her MSc in Health Studies and Gerontology at the School of Public Health and Health Systems (SPHHS), University of Waterloo. Ms McCrory’s latest research examined Canadian consumer use of nutrition information and knowledge of recommended caloric intake. Her thesis will examine caffeinated energy drinks, including implications for alcohol-mixed energy drinks in Canadian youth and young adults. She is currently the Faculty representative for the SPHHS Graduate Student Association, Guest Speaker and Session Coordinator for COSM 2014, and active with CON-SNP uWaterloo and the Waterloo Food Issues Group. Cassondra will give some introductions at the opening ceremonies – Wednesday June 18 at 4:00 pm (Lecture Hall). Cassondra will be a judge for the Collaboration Challenge – Thursday, June 19 at 3:15 pm (Alumni Hall). She will also be moderating the interactive debate, “Should Obesity Be Classified as a Disease?” – Thursday, June 19 at 2:15 pm (Lecture Hall).
Dr. Samantha Meyer Samantha Meyer, PhD, joined the School of Public Health and Health Systems at the University of Waterloo as an Assistant Professor in September 2013. Formerly, Meyer held a Faculty position at Flinders University, Australia. Meyer continues her collaborations with her Australian colleagues, having recently received funding to follow patients undergoing bariatric surgery throughout their treatment to identify why they chose surgery, how/if their expectations have been met, to document weight loss and measure changes in their perceived quality of life. She is also currently working on an Australian Research Council Linkage grant investigating how and if, following food scares, consumer trust in food can be rebuilt. Meyer’s primary research interest that she will extend to the Canadian context is her investigation of the role of patient trust in healthcare utilization. Specifically, she is interested in understanding the role of (dis)trust in the utilization of preventative programs (e.g. immunizations, cancer screening). Dr. Meyer will be involved in an interactive debate on “Should Obesity Be Classified as a Disease?” – Thursday, June 19 at 2:15 pm (Lecture Hall)
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Dr. John Mielke Dr. Mielke is a neurobiologist and assistant professor in the School of Public Health and Health Systems at the University of Waterloo. He completed his doctoral training in laboratory medicine and pathobiology at the University of Toronto, followed by a post-doctoral fellowship in neurophysiology at the National Research Council of Canada in Ottawa. Dr. Mielke’s research group uses a variety of experimental approaches to understand how adverse environmental conditions at different points in the life span can affect the development and/or function of the brain. Ongoing studies involve the use of animal models of diet-induced obesity to understand how adult obesity may affect the function of brain areas related to learning and memory, and the influence that maternal obesity may have upon the development of these same brain areas. Dr. Mielke will be involved in an interactive debate on “Should Obesity Be Classified as a Disease?” – Thursday, June 19 at 2:15 pm (Lecture Hall).
Dr. Leia Minaker Leia Minaker has an MSc in Health Promotion and completed her PhD in Public Health at the University of Alberta in early 2013. Dr. Minaker’s research focuses on environmental determinants of food choice, nutrition, and weight. Her dissertation examined food environment assessment and links with diet quality and weight status. She wrote the “Measuring the Food Environment in Canada” report for Health Canada and is currently synthesizing research on food environment interventions as well as examining municipal and regional policy levers for supporting healthy food environments. She is involved in food environment intervention research as well, leading the quantitative research that will examine the impact of a healthy corner store initiative on the diet quality and food security of low-income apartment tower residents living in Toronto. Dr. Minaker will be involved in the discussion of “Population-Level Interventions – What we can (and can’t) learn from tobacco” – Friday, June 20 at 1:00 pm (Lecture Hall).
Ms. Taryn Orava Taryn Orava is a part-time PhD Candidate at the School of Public Health and Health Systems at the University of Waterloo. As part of a comprehensive evaluation of the Ontario School Food and Beverage Policy (P/PM150) in the Region of Peel, Taryn's thesis research examines current policies, programs and practices targeted at healthy eating within school food environments. Taryn is also a Knowledge Translation Specialist with Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital. Through this role, Taryn works with the Evidence to Care team to transfer high level scientific knowledge into evidence-informed clinical practice. Taryn has held a leadership role with the Canadian Obesity Network - Student and New Professional initiative over the past three years (National Secretary, National Vice-Chair and National Outgoing Vice-Chair). As the Co-Founder and Co- Chair of CON-SNP UW, Taryn is proud to bring the rest of the country up to speed on the innovative obesity and nutrition research being conducted at the University of Waterloo. Taryn will welcome delegates and give opening remarks to launch COSM 2014 – Wednesday, June 18 at 4:00 pm (Lecture Hal).
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Who’s Who at COSM 2014
Mr. Michael Patterson Head of Sales, Eisai Canada Michael has been working in the pharmaceutical industry for over 14 years gaining a breadth of national and international Commercial experience ranging from customer facing roles, sales management, marketing, to analytics. He has been involved in the promotion of a number of pharmaceuticals related to diabetes, oncology, psychiatry, vaccines, rare diseases, respiratory, and neurology. Throughout his career he has held a number of progressive leadership positions in which, Michael has developed highly effective teams who are customer and patient focused. He is passionate about creating a culture that looks to help health care practitioners help their patients. Currently Mike is Head of Sales for Eisai Canada and is a member of the Executive Leadership team. Michael will be a panelist for the discussion of “What’s Next?” for trainees after graduation – Friday, June 20 at 4:30 pm (Lecture Hall).
Dr. Ian Patton Ian Patton is a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital through the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto. Ian has a PhD from Western University in Kinesiology. Ian’s work as a Post-Doc has been funded through Mitacs and industry partnerships. Recently Ian has been awarded a CIHR Strategic Fellowship through the Transdisciplinary Understanding and Training on Research – Primary Health Care (TUTOR-PHC) program. Ian works closely with The Sandbox Project, a national charity directed at making Canada the healthiest place for children to develop. His current research investigates Body Mass Index and its use as a screening measure for children. Ian is working to develop a new health screening tool that will address the limitations of BMI, The Healthy Body Scorecard. He also has research interests in the physical activity of children, specifically the Daily Physical Activity (DPA) program in Ontario elementary schools. Ian is co-founder of the CON chapter at Western University and is a former member of the national executive as the Central and Eastern Canada Chapter Representative. Dr. Patton will be a panelist for the discussion of “What’s Next?” for trainees after graduation – Friday, June 20 at 4:30 pm (Lecture Hall).
Ms. Melanie Pereira Melanie Pereira’s experience focuses on supporting team members, residents, families and neighbourhood communities in understanding the many layers of dementia. For the past five years at Schlegel Villages as a Registered Nurse, Melanie has been a leader in supporting a change in the culture of aging within Long-Term Care and Retirement Living. She works in collaboration with all care partners across the organization by creating tools that inspire, empower and educate individual growth that enhances resident centered care. Melanie’s mission in life is to challenge people to believe in themselves and to understand that possibilities in life are endless! Melanie will be a judge for the Collaboration Challenge – Thursday June 19 at 3:15pm (Alumni Hall).
Dr. Carla Rice Dr. Carla Rice is the founder of Project Re•Vision and the Canada Research Chair in Care, Gender, and Relationships at University of Guelph, a position she recently assumed after serving as Associate Professor in Gender and Women's Studies at Trent University. A leader in the field of body image and of disability, physical difference, and embodiment studies in Canada, Dr. Rice is a founding member and former director of innovative initiatives such as the Body Image Project at Women's College Hospital in Toronto and the National Eating Disorder Information Centre. Her research explores cultural representations and narratives of body and identity. Rice has written extensively on issues of identity and embodiment and has published in widely in national and international journals including Feminism & Psychology, Body Image, Women’s Studies International Forum, Cultural Studies <=> Critical Methodologies, Atlantis, and The Journal of Eating Disorder Treatment and Prevention among others. Recent notable books include Gender and Women’s Studies in Canada: Critical Terrain (2013), and Becoming Women: The Embodied Self in Image Culture (2014). Dr. Rice will be a panelist in the discussion of “Weight Bias and Stigma” – Saturday, June 21 at 8:30 am (Lecture Hall).
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Dr. Barb Riley Barb Riley is the Executive Director of the Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, a pan-Canadian enterprise founded by the Canadian Cancer Society and the University of Waterloo whose mandate is to accelerate and advance the science of population intervention and its application. Her career focus emphasizes impact; linking science, policy and action to promote population health, previously through co-owning a research and consulting firm, and more recently through her appointments at the University of Waterloo. Dr. Riley’s foundational research examined the dissemination and implementation of community-based heart health initiatives. She works as an engaged scholar with government and non-government organizations to evaluate complex public health interventions, examine scaling up processes, build systems approaches to knowledge mobilization, and conduct knowledge syntheses that include scientific and experiential evidence. Dr. Riley provides strategic and scientific advice through invited presentations and service on several advisory boards, including the Scientific Advisory Committee for the International Obesity Task Force, the Population Health Intervention Research Initiative for Canada (PHIRIC) and the Ontario government’s Healthy Kids Panel (report released March 2013). She builds research capacity by leading a pan-Canadian CIHR- funded training program in population intervention for chronic disease prevention, providing leadership for a university-wide initiative to catalyze new, multidisciplinary collarborations for the prevention of chronic diseases and their underlying risks, and serving for seven years as faculty at the CDC/AHA ten-day seminar on cardiovascular disease epidemiology and prevention, with a focus on population intervention and linking evidence and policy,. Dr. Riley trained at McMaster University (PhD, Health Geography) and the University of Waterloo (MSc, Health Studies). Dr. Riley will be a judge for the Collaboration Challenge – Thursday June 19 at 3:15pm (Alumni Hall), and in the panel discussion of “Knowledge Mobilization” – Friday June 20 at 8:30am (Lecture Hall)
Dr. Arya Sharma Arya M. Sharma is Professor and Chair of Obesity Research and Management at the University of Alberta. He is also the Medical Director of the Edmonton Regional Weight Wise Program, the Scientific Director of the federally-funded Canadian Obesity Network and currently President of the Canadian Association of Bariatric Physicians and Surgeons. His research focuses on the aetiology and an evidence-based approach to managing obese patients. Dr. Sharma is on the editorial boards of several international journals and has authored or coauthored more than 250 scientific articles. He has also lectured widely on the aetiology and management of hypertension, obesity, and related cardiovascular disorders. Dr. Sharma maintains a widely-read blog where he regularly posts his ideas and thoughts on obesity prevention and management: http://www.drsharma.ca Dr. Sharma will provide opening remarks for COSM 2014 – Wednesday, June 18 at 4:00 pm (Lecture Hall). He is also a panelist for the discussion of “What’s Next?” for trainees after graduation – Friday, June 20 at 4:30 pm (Lecture Hall) and will deliver closing remarks at the COSM 2014 Awards Dinner – Saturday, June 21 at 5:30 pm (Golf’s Steak House & Seafood).
Jacob Shelley Jacob is a doctoral candidate in the Doctor of Juridical Science program at the Faculty of Law, University of Toronto. His dissertation is exploring the use of product liability law in the prevention of obesity. Jacob has a Bachelor of Laws and Master of Laws, both from the University of Alberta, where he focused on public health law. Jacob's primary research area concerns the proper use and scope of law in public health, particularly the use of law in the prevention of chronic diseases. He has presented on weight bias and discrimination, and has recently published a paper arguing for reframing how we approach the problem of obesity. Jacob is a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholar and Fellow with the CIHR Training Program in Health Law, Ethics & Policy. Jacob will be a panelist in the discussion of “Weight Bias and Stigma” – Saturday, June 21 at 8:30 am (Lecture Hall)
Dr. Russell Tupling A. Russell Tupling, Ph.D. is an associate professor in the Department of Kinesiology at the University of Waterloo, where he teaches courses in exercise science and the physiology of obesity and diabetes. His research program, which is funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, is dedicated to the understanding of the regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function in muscle and to understand how defects in the function of SR proteins that occur with oxidative stress contribute to fatigue, weakness and disease. In 2009, Dr. Tupling received an Early Research Award from the Government of Ontario to conduct research examining a potential link between Ca2+ pump energetics in muscle and metabolic disorders. He has 61 peer-reviewed publications in scholarly journals and over 85 conference abstracts based on his research. In 2010, he won the Award of Excellence in Graduate Supervision, which was established by the University of Waterloo to recognize exemplary faculty members who have demonstrated excellence in graduate student supervision. Dr. Tupling is a member of the American Physiological Society and the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP). - - 35 - Dr. Tupling will be involved in an interactive debate on “Should Obesity Be Classified as a Disease?” – Thursday, June 19 at 2:15 pm (Lecture Hall).
Who’s Who at COSM 2014
Dr. Sean Wharton Dr. Wharton has his doctorate in both Pharmacy and Medicine. He completed medical school at UofT and his residency in Internal Medicine at McMaster University. His interest in ethnicity and medicine led him to the study of hypertension and then to obesity under the guidance of Dr. Arya Sharma. Dr. Wharton is the medical director of the Wharton Medical Clinic, a community based internal medicine weight management clinic. He also works as internal medicine specialist at Toronto East General Hospital, and the Hamilton Health Sciences. Dr. Wharton’s research includes the clinical aspects of bariatric medicine and diabetes research. Peer reviewed articles include feasibility of an interdisciplinary program for obesity management in Canada. Diabetes management is a focus for Dr. Wharton. Dr. Wharton is the lead author of the weight management chapter for the 2013 Canadian Diabetes Association Guidelines. Dr. Wharton is a member of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Canadian Obesity Network, the Canadian Association of Bariatric Surgeons and Physicians. Dr. Wharton will be involved in the career panel, discussing “What’s Next?” for trainees after graduation – Friday, June 20 at 4:30 pm (Lecture Hall). Dr. Wharton will also speak on “Healthy Obesity: Is it a Myth?” - Saturday June 21 at 2:15 pm (Lecture Hall).
Dr. Cameron Willis Cameron Willis is a Scientist at the Propel Centre for Population Health Impact and a Research Assistant Professor at the University of Waterloo. Cameron is a health systems researcher with interests in how the health of populations may be maximized through organized, effective and sustainable systems. He has written about the role of interorganizational networks in chronic disease prevention strategies, measurement and assessment techniques for understanding system performance, and ways of synthesizing and using evidence in decision making for health policy. Cameron works with a multidisciplinary group of researchers, practice leaders and policy makers at provincial/state and national levels. Cameron holds a Bachelor of Physiotherapy (Hons) degree from La Trobe University and a PhD from the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University. Dr. Willis will be a judge for the Collaboration Challenge – Thursday, June 19 at 3:15 pm (Alumni Hall).
Dr. Jennifer Yessis Jennifer Yessis is a researcher and program evaluation specialist focused in two main thematic areas in youth health including intervention research, and evaluation research. Jennifer joined the Propel Centre for Population Health Impact in 2010 as a scientist. She also holds an academic appointment as Research Assistant Professor with the faculty of Applied Health Sciences. Prior to coming to Propel, Jennifer had 10 years of experience in program evaluation and applied health research having been a senior scientist at National Research Corporation responsible for designing evaluations, and developing measurement tools with key organizational partners including universities, hospitals and public health. Her research there involved understanding factors that influence the health of patients and populations, and intervening in ways to improve health and experiences within the healthcare and clinical research setting. Jennifer is interested in research that involves transdisciplinary partnerships with organizations to ensure that results produced are relevant and ideally integrated into an organization’s strategy, advocacy efforts and programs. For example, Jennifer has worked closely with the Heart and Stroke Foundation to evaluate the Spark Together for Healthy Kids™ initiative, and is currently evaluating an 18 month comprehensive school health intervention with Heart and Stroke Foundation and Champlain Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Network. She’s collaborated with partners such as the Joint Consortium for School Health and Physical Health and Education Association to develop a pan-Canadian understanding of healthy school communities. She also collaborates with Canadian Cancer Society and Partners for Mental Health to conduct evaluations and pursue research interests related to youth health. Jennifer has a PhD and Master’s from the University of Waterloo and holds a credentialed evaluator designation from the Canadian Evaluation Society. Jennifer completed a BSc at McMaster University in Biology and Psychology. Jennifer has also been a volunteer of the Canadian Evaluation Society (CES) (Ontario Chapter) since 2002. To support the professional development Essential Skills Series for adult learners, Jennifer has taught several components of the Canadian Evaluation Society full day workshop called the Essential Skills Series. Dr. Yessis will be a judge for the Collaboration Challenge – Thursday, June 19 at 3:15 pm (Alumni Hall). Dr. Yessis will also be a panelist in the discussion of “Knowledge Mobilization” – Friday, June 20 at 8:30 am - - 36 - (Lecture Hall).
Fitness/Yoga Instructors
Kimberley Luu Kimberley Luu is a Certified Yoga Instructor specializing in Hatha and restorative styles. Currently, she is a master’s student examining the effects of yoga on cognitive function in the School of Public Health and Health Systems’ Social Neuroscience lab at the School of Public Health at University of Waterloo. Check out yoga with Kimberley on Thursday and Friday at 6:30 am in the 3rd Floor Prayer Room, SLC.
Natalie Veras Natalie Veras is a Certified Personal Trainer Specialist with Can-Fit-Pro and Certified Tabata Bootcamp Trainer. Natalie is also an avid runner for over 12 years. If you need help with a new program or need a little motivation, she would be happy to design a personalized program with your goals in mind. Natalie believes “everyone regardless of age, physical condition, mental health, and emotional well being deserves to feel and enjoy the freedom of movement.” Therefore, she designs lessons to meet the needs of each client. A passion for fitness; Natalie believes that fitness is a lifestyle. We don’t need to be athletes, we just need to find activities that we love to do in order to get fit and stay healthy. As busy as our lives can get, we all deserve to give ourselves 1 hour a day towards health and fitness. Her mission is to give clients the tools and support they need to achieve their personal health and fitness goals. www.natalieveras.com Twitter: @natrunr Tel: 226-339-8415 Check out Boot Camp with Natalie on Thursday, Friday and Saturday at 6:30 am (location TBA).
Tricia Snider Tricia has been a certified personal trainer for the past twelve years. After graduating with a B.Sc. from the University of Waterloo, Tricia began a seven year career at GoodLife Fitness, eventually becoming a Level 5 personal trainer. After taking several courses from the C.H.E.K Institute (Corrective Holistic Exercise Kinesiology), Tricia became an independently contracted personal trainer in order to more thoroughly practice corrective exercise techniques with her clients. Tricia has recently created her own health and fitness studio called Embodied Energy in order to provide a personalized space to suit to her clients' comprehensive holistic needs. Check out a MMA & Crosstraining class with the Embodied Energy team on Thursday, Friday and Saturday at 6:30 am on the St. Paul’s Green (meet at St. Paul’s Main entrance at 6:20 am).
Travis Charters Travis has been helping people reach their fitness goals for 5+ years. He has worked with clients of all ages and athletic background. The one constant between all of Travis' current and former clients is that they are all stronger, fitter, healthier and more athletic then when they first started working with him. Travis uses a wide spectrum of techniques to train his clients including but not limited to: strength training, TRX suspension training, agility work, sprint training, olympic lifting, core stability, MMA conditioning and Muay Thai kickboxing. Check out a MMA & Crosstraining class with the Embodied Energy team on Thursday, Friday and Saturday at 6:30 am on the St. Paul’s Green (meet at St. Paul’s Main entrance at 6:20 am).
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01-OR: Health Behaviour Outcomes of Co-Active Life Coaching Obesity- 02-OR: Interdisciplinary Interventions to Address Childhood Obesity: A Focused Interventions: A Scoping Review Scoping Review R.H. Liu1,2, J.D. Irwin1,2, D. Morrow1,2 G. Mandich1 1Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, 1Western University, London, Ontario, Canada Canada, 2Faculty of Health Sciences Health Promotion Research Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. Objective: This scoping review provides insight into what is known from the existing literature about interdisciplinary professionals in childhood Health coaching has grown in popularity as evidenced by the increasing obesity interventions. Key leanings from interventions that specifically number and variety of interventions, styles, and techniques aimed at include interdisciplinary professionals in childhood obesity interventions improving lifestyle behaviours (Ammentorp, et al., 2013). It has been used were reviewed, team member roles were described, existing gaps in the for treating clients for several conditions and diseases such as obesity, literature were identified, and noteworthy findings were acknowledged. depression, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and asthma. However, with Data sources: Three search strategies were employed: searches of six the wide variety of coaching styles used (some lacking operational electronic databases, hand-searching, and reference list searching. Study definitions for their coaching technique), it is undetermined whether many selection: Studies were included if they were published in English, of these approaches have sufficient theoretical grounding and evidence- included an intervention aimed specifically at reducing childhood obesity, based support to convey their value. Co-Active Life Coaching (CALC) is involved children under the age of 19, and described an interdisciplinary one approach that has an established theoretical foundation and clinical team of health professionals. Results: Fourteen studies were integrated in research basis which enhances its utility among the plethora of health this review that ranged from 12 weeks to 12 months. A total of 17 different coaching practices. The fact that CALC repeatedly has demonstrated professions were identified, including teachers (n = 5), physical activity positive health-related gains in the literature justifies the need for an experts (n = 5), dietary experts (i.e. dieticians, nutritionists, n = 5), overview of its current evidentiary status. Therefore, the purpose of this physicians (n = 5), professional students (n = 4), coaches (n = 3), and study will be to conduct a scoping review to map out the extent and quality psychologists (n = 2). All of the papers included in this review described of the studies in this area in order to elucidate the effect of CALC on the role of the interdisciplinary team members in program delivery, and in health behaviour outcomes, primarily obesity-focused. This review will three instances they were included in program development. Conclusion: help to develop and identify future directions in this area of research. A The detailed role of interprofessionals in a childhood obesity intervention scoping methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley is sparse and requires significant attention. This review underscores a gap (2005) will be used to retrieve appropriate electronic and non-electronic in the literature in terms of interdisciplinary teams in childhood obesity articles pertaining to CALC and health-related outcomes to determine the interventions; consequently, future research to examine the role and impact and sustainability of this specific type of health coaching approach. important components of the interdisciplinary team in a childhood obesity intervention is needed.
03-OR: Daily Physical Activity in Ontario elementary schools: A program 04-OR: Identification of successful goal setting strategies: Results from evaluation a family-based lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese children aged I. Patton1,2, T. Overend3, L. Miller4, A. Mandich4 6-12 y 1Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, S-E. Loiselle1, T.R. Cohen1, P. Kasvis1, C.A. Vanstone1, C. Rodd2, H. 2University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Plourde1, H.A. Weiler1. 3 Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, School of Physical Therapy, Western 1School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, 4 University, London, Ontario, Canada, School of Occupational Therapy, Western Canada, 2Winnipeg Children’s Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, University, London, Ontario, Canada Manitoba, Canada
Objective: The objective of these studies was to investigate how DPA is Objectives: To identify the types of nutrition and physical (sedentary) being delivered in the schools compared to the mandated guidelines as activity SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, timely) goals well as identifying barriers to program delivery. Teacher and student associated with reduction in adiposity in overweight and obese (OV&OB) perceptions of the DPA program were investigated. We also objectively children. Methodology: Children in the McGill Youth Lifestyle measured school-day physical activity and DPA program physical activity Intervention with Food and Exercise Study (clinicaltrials.gov, levels of students using accelerometers NCT01290016) were randomized to a family-based lifestyle intervention Methods: Teacher and student perceptions of the DPA program were (INT, n=49) group or control (CTL, n=51). INT received 5 SMART- evaluated using a separate based interventions with a dietitian over 6-mo. Body mass index-for-age z- Questionnaire for each group distributed through an Ontario school score (BAZ) was computed using height and weight. SMART goals were board. Teachers from kindergarten-grade 8 and students from grades 4-8 coded using Theory of Planned Behaviour (attitude, subjective norm, were recruited. The final study included the repeated-measures collection perceived control) and Ecological Model (individual, family). Groups were of objective physical activity (accelerometer) data for a class of grade 5&6 divided into: “successful” (SUC) if BAZ change ≤ 0 or “unsuccessful” students. (UNS) if BAZ increased over 6-mo. Statistics included mixed model Results: Teachers and students acknowledged that DPA is not being ANOVA and Pearson’s correlations. Results: At baseline, participants performed as mandated in regards to frequency and intensity. Teachers were 9.44 ± 1.90 y, 55% female, average BAZ of 3.08 ± 1.04, CTL and report time, resources and space as barriers to program delivery while INT weren’t different. CTL was 53% successful (-0.25 ± 0.18 BAZ) and students report that disruptive students and poor behavior are the largest 47% unsuccessful (0.14 ± 0.12 BAZ) (p<0.001). INT was 75 % successful barriers to DPA. DPA sessions averaged just over 3 minutes of moderate (-0.29 ±0.22 BAZ) and 25 % unsuccessful (0.29 ±0.27 BAZ) (p<0.001). to vigorous physical activity during the 20 minute DPA sessions. DPA had The % goals classified as “subjective norm” was higher in INT-SUC versus no effect on the total school day physical activity of the students. INT-UNS (68.6 ± 14.4 % vs 57.5 ± 13.6 %, p=0.033). Overall, the Conclusion: DPA is not being run as mandated and even ignored in some proportion of goals classified as “subjective norm” inversely correlated cases. For the program to be effective a complete restructuring of the with BAZ change (r = -0.41, p=0.005). Other descriptors didn’t show program needs to occur including the activity suggestions and how the significant results. Conclusion: Success in OV&OB children was mainly program is monitored through the school board or province to ensure it is ascribed to SMART goals addressing “subjective norm” concept, which in fact being done. refers to social pressure to perform a behavior.
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05-OR : Mothers with Obesity: Examining the effects of discordant 06-OR: Characteristics of Male Partners of Infertile Couples in Which the gestational weight gain guidelines on neonatal birth weight Wife is Obese and Participates in a Clinical Trial on the Impacts of a Z. Ferraro1, N. Barrowman2, D. Prud'Homme3, M. Walker1, S.W. Wen4, Lifestyle Intervention M. Rodger5, K. Adamo2 M. Belan1, K. Duval1, F. Jean-Denis1, MF. Langlois1, Y. Ainmelk1, B. 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Carranza-Mamane1, MH. Pesant1, JP. Baillargeon1 Canada, 2Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada 3University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 4Ottawa Hospital Research 5 Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Divison of Hematology, The Ottawa Hospital, OBJECTIVE: To assess characteristics of male partners of infertile Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. couples whose spouse is obese and participates in a randomized-
controlled trial evaluating the impacts of a lifestyle intervention on Introduction: Maternal obesity and excess gestational weight gain (eGWG) couples’ fertility outcomes. are independent predictors of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birth weights METHODS: All interested male partners of obese women participating in (≥90th % ile). LGA neonates are at increased risk of obesity throughout the above-mentioned trial were recruited. Both partners were evaluated at life. Adherence to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) GWG baseline for anthropometric measures and lifestyle. Data is reported as recommendations attenuates maternal-fetal obstetrical risk. In Canada, the median with [interquartile range] and compared between partners using Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) Wilcoxon test. Concordance between partners was tested using recommend a more conservative upper limit of gain (i.e., 7kg) for patients Spearman’s correlation test. with obesity compared to IOM (i.e., 9kg). We aimed to compare the RESULTS: Of the 57 participating male partners (age 34.1 ± 6.0 years), effects of eGWG for patients with obesity using IOM and SOGC 47.4% were obese, compared to 13.3% in the general Canadian male guidelines.Methods: From the Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) birth cohort a population aged 20-44 years. The lifestyle questionnaire revealed that ♂ total of 699 mothers with obesity (BMI≥30) and their infants were used to ate in fast-food restaurants 1.0 [0.5-2.0] times/week vs 0.6 [0.3-1.0] in examine the independent effect of eGWG with respect to IOM and ♀ SOGC recommendations. Multivariate logistic regression (controlling for (p=0,035); ♂ consumed daily 2.4 regular soda beverages vs 0.4 in ♀ gestational and maternal age, prepregnancy weight, parity, smoking) were (p<0.001); 87.7% eat less than 5 portions of fruits and/or vegetables daily performed and odds ratios (ORs) calculated.Results: Only 28.5% vs 86.0% in ♀ (p=NS). Only 29.8% of ♂ vs 17.5% of ♀ (p=0.125) were (199/699) and 20.9% (146/699) of women met IOM and SOGC GWG active or moderately active; 24.6% of ♂ vs 26.7% of ♀ were smokers targets, respectively. Adjusting for smoking, parity, age, maternal height (p=NS) and ♂ consumed 3.0 [2.0-6.8] alcohol drinks/week vs 1.0 [1.0-3.5] and achieving guideline-specific recommended GWG, pregravid obesity for ♀ (p=0.052). Statistically significant correlations between partners were was associated with higher rates of LGA using both IOM (OR 2.47; 95% found for daily cereal products consumption (ρ=0.41;p=0.001), fast-food CI 1.94-3.14, p<0.01) and SOGC (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.83-3.00, p<0.01) restaurant frequentation (ρ=0.51;p<0.001), hours spent for sedentary recommendations compared to women with normal BMI. However, a 6% screen activities (r=0.36;p=0.005) and tobacco use (ρ=0.53;p<0.001). increased likelihood of LGA was demonstrated with the IOM compared CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results suggest that male partners from to SOGC guidelines. Conclusions: For patients with obesity, eGWG with infertile couples in which the woman is obese are often obese themselves respect to IOM and SOGC guidelines strongly increase a woman's chance and display similar or worst lifestyle habits than their spouse. We thus of having a larger baby. In this dataset, the more conservative SOGC suggest that they should be included in interdisciplinary lifestyle guideline for obese patients yielded a 6% decrease likelihood of giving intervention aiming to optimize couples’ fertility. birth to a LGA neonate relative to the IOM recommendations. On a population level, more conservative GWG recommendations for patients with obesity may yield a substantial reduction in fetal overgrowth and child obesity. Strategies that increase patient uptake of GWG guidelines are 08-OR: Communicating with women about gestational weight gain: urgently needed. A qualitative study on the perspectives of maternity care practitioners M. Myre1, C. Barriault1 1Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada 07-OR: Abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance in early pregnancy L. De Souza1,2, E. Kogan2, H. Berger2, G. Lebovic2, J. Ray2 Gestational weight gain (GWG), the weight gained during pregnancy, is a 1University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2St. Michael’s Hospital, healthy biological process necessary to promote fetal growth. Despite the Toronto, Ontario, Canada fact that excess GWG can lead to negative health con-sequences for both mom and baby, a high proportion of women still exceed the guidelines for Background: High pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is a known risk GWG put forth by the Institute of Medicine. Since pregnant women factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), though the contribution of frequently visit health care facilities in the prenatal period, maternity care abdominal adiposity to insulin resistance (IR) in pregnancy is not well practitioners (general practitioners, obstetricians, midwives, nurse understood. We assessed the association between abdominal adiposity in practitioners) are in a unique position to address the issue of GWG with early pregnancy and IR. Methods: We completed a prospective cohort their patients/clients. Indeed, many studies have stressed the importance study of 79 pregnant women. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depth was of communication between patient/client and practitioner about GWG, measured by ultrasonography at 11-14 weeks’ gestation, at the time of and pregnant women view practitioners as a valuable and desired source routine fetal nuchal translucency assessment. A 2-hour 75-g oral glucose of advice. This qualitative study aims to gain insight on the perspective of tolerance test was subsequently done at 16-22 weeks’ gestation and IR was maternity care practitioners about patient/client-practitioner estimated by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance communication about GWG in Sudbury, Ontario. I will conduct semi- (HOMA-IR) as well as by the Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI). structured interviews with maternity care practitioners and use a Results: Upon adjusting for maternal age, parity, ethnicity and pre- qualitative, thematic approach for data analysis. I am currently in the pregnancy BMI, VAT depth explained 42% of the variance in HOMA-IR, recruitment process. I expect to conduct the interviews during the month which was slightly better than the variance in the multivariable model of April. Given the high proportion of women that do not meet the examining HOMA-IR and pre-pregnancy BMI (40%). For ISI, the model Institute of Medicine’s recommended guidelines for GWG, this study will variance values were 36% and 32%, respectively. Conclusions: be a valuable opportunity to explore practitioner perspectives about Measurement of maternal abdominal adipose tissue depth at the time of patient/client-practitioner communication about GWG, since they have routine first trimester ultrasonography can provide additional information relevant first-hand experience in their practice. about maternal IR, beyond pre-pregnancy BMI.
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09-OR: Objectively-measured sleep and its association with adiposity, 10-OR: Very Poor Sleep Quality, Independent of Sleep Quantity, physical activity and screen time in a sample of Canadian children Increases Metabolic Health Risks in a Large US Sample J. McNeil1,2, M.S. Tremblay1,2,3, G. Leduc1, C. Boyer1, P. Bélanger1, A.G. T. Kanagasabai1, C.I. Ardern1 LeBlanc1,4, M.M. Borghese1,2, JP. Chaput1,2,3 1York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 1Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2School of Human Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common consequence of obesity that is Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, associated with both short (≤6h) and long (>8h) sleep durations. The Canada, 3Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 4 extent to which sleep quality is related to MetS or its components, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Population Health, Faculty of Graduate and independent of sleep quantity requires further study. OBJECTIVE: 1) To Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. quantify the relationship between sleep quality and MetS or its
components, independent of sleep quantity, and 2) to evaluate the affect The present study examined cross-sectional associations between of overall sleep quality on the individual metabolic health parameters. objectively-measured sleep duration, sleep efficiency and sleep timing METHODS: Data from the 2005-8 National Health and Nutritional midpoint with adiposity indices, self-reported screen time and physical Examination Survey was used (N=4 784; ≥20 y). Six questions on sleep activity (PA) participation in a cohort of children living in Ottawa, Canada. habits of participants were used to determine an overall sleep quality Of the 567 children who participated in this study, 515 (58.8% female; score, which was then categorized into quartiles (“Good”, “Fair”, “Poor”, age: 10.0±0.4 years) had valid sleep measurements and were included in and “Very Poor”). MetS was classified according to the Joint Interim the present analyses. PA, total sedentary time (SED) and sleep parameters Statement. RESULTS: Compared to those reporting Good sleep quality were assessed over 7 days with accelerometry. Height, body weight and (OR=1.00, referent), individuals with Very Poor sleep were at elevated waist circumference (WC) were measured according to standardized odds of MetS (1.36, 95% CI: 1.14-1.63), blood glucose (1.49, 1.17-1.90), procedures. Body fat percentage (% BF) was assessed using bioelectric triglycerides (1.21, 1.02-1.44), and BP (1.44, 1.10-1.88), even after impedance. All adiposity indicators, SED and light PA were greater in adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, income, smoking, recreational children with shorter sleep durations, according to tertiles. Children with physical activity and sleep quantity. In fully adjusted general linear models, the greatest sleep efficiency had lower light PA, and more SED. After triglycerides, diastolic BP, and WC of women were inversely related to adjusting for several relevant covariates, regression models showed that sleep efficiency was inversely related to all adiposity indicators and light sleep quality (β (SE): 0.71 (0.34); 0.089 (0.02); and 0.96 (0.20), PA, and positively associated with SED. However, sleep duration and respectively). CONCLUSION: Independent of sleep duration, Very Poor sleep timing were not associated with adiposity indicators after controlling sleep quality was associated with metabolic health risks. Further for covariates. Sleep duration was inversely associated with light PA and longitudinal study is needed to confirm and strengthen our understanding SED. Screen time was only greater in children with later sleep timing of the sleep quality-metabolic health relationship, independent of sleep midpoints during weekend days, and the significant associations between quantity. sleep timing and PA were more prominent during the weekend vs. weekdays. In conclusion, sleep efficiency is a stronger, independent correlate of adiposity indicators. Opposite associations are noted between sleep duration and sleep efficiency with SED, whereas PA and daily screen time are mainly associated with sleep timing during the weekend.
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11-OR: Upstream interventions to reduce risk of obstructive sleep apnea 12-OR: Associations between pedometer-assessed daily steps counts, self- in First Nations: generating evidence to break the chain of association reported daily minutes spent sitting, and blood pressure in adults with type between lack of physical activity, overweight or obese weight status and 2 diabetes risk of obstructive sleep apnea S. Hajna1, L. Joseph1, K. Dasgupta1 T. Katapally1, J. Episkenew2, C. Karunanayake3, S. Abonyi4, J. Dosman3, P. 1McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada Pahwa3 1University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, 2University of Background: There is evidence that greater time spent sitting per day may Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, 3Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in be associated with higher risk of mortality in the general adult population. Agriculture, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, 4Saskatchewan Population Health The associations between sedentary behaviours and cardiometabolic risk and Evaluation Research Unit, Saskatchewan, Canada factors in adults with type 2 diabetes (DM2) are not well studied - an important step in understanding the etiology of cardiometabolic risk in this Objective: Evidence indicates adverse respiratory outcomes among First population. Further, previous studies have estimated physical activity levels Nations people in comparison to the rest of Canadians because of but have not specifically considered step counts. In contrast to complex individual and contextual factors. Hypothesizing that lack of questionnaire-based estimates of physical activity, real-time monitoring of physical activity (PA) is associated with overweight and obese weight status step counts allows for the capture of ‘incidental’ physical activity. (WS) and that, in turn, overweight or obese WS is associated with risk of Objective: To determine if self-reported minutes spent sitting per day are obstructive sleep apnea (ROSA), this study aims to establish a chain of associated with clinically important changes in systolic and diastolic blood association between lack of PA, obese or overweight WS and ROSA. pressure (SBP/DBP) in a cohort of adults with DM2 in whom we have Methods: Utilizing questionnaire-based data, these variables were derived: previously demonstrated higher daily step counts to be associated with PA ─ participants were dichotomized into individuals who exercise and important reductions in blood pressure. Methods: 201 adults with do not exercise; WS ─ based on body mass index, participants were physician-diagnosed DM2 were recruited through McGill-affiliated dichotomized into healthy (≤24.9) and overweight or obese (≥25); ROSA hospitals. Daily minutes spent sitting were assessed using a single item ─ utilizing the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, participants were dichotomized from the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires. into lower (≤15) and higher (≥16) ROSA. Logistic regression analyses were Steps/day were assessed for two consecutive 7-day periods using Yamax conducted to determine the association between PA and WS, and, SW-701 pedometers. Blood pressure was measured using an automatic between WS and ROSA. Results: Lack of PA was positively associated blood pressure monitor (Omron HEM-747 IC). Associations were with overweight or obese WS (odds-ratio [OR]: 1.48; confidence-interval estimated using linear regression models (SAS 9.3) and were based on [CI]: 1.07-2.05). Overweight or obese WS was positively associated with complete case data (n=165). Results: A 60-minute/day increase in self- higher ROSA (OR: 4.82; CI: 1.34-17.29). Conclusions: Preliminary reported sitting was associated with 1) a 0.18 mmHg increase in SBP (95% evidence suggests a clear chain of association between lack of PA, confidence interval (CI): -0.69 to 1.04 mmHg) and a 0.18 mmHg increase overweight or obese WS and ROSA, which could be broken with in DBP (95% CI: -0.33 to 0.68 mmHg) after adjustment for age and sex, upstream community participatory interventions. However, before 2) a 0.04 mmHg decrease in SBP (95% CI: -0.89 to 0.81 mmHg) and a intervening, a mixed methods approach (multilevel modeling plus 0.05 mmHg increase in DBP (95% CI: -0.45 to 0.54 mmHg) after interviews) will be undertaken to understand the influence on outcomes of additional adjustment for steps/day, and 3) a 0.06 mmHg increase in SBP First Nations people's unique sociocultural and socioeconomic factors, (95% CI: -0.84 to 0.96 mmHg) and a 0.10 mmHg increase in DBP (95% which are driven by historical injustices, including colonization, residential CI -0.43 to 0.63 mmHg) after additional adjustment for immigrant status school enrollment, and geographic and economic isolation. and depressed mood. No correlation was observed between pedometer- assessed steps per day and self-reported minutes spent sitting per day (R=- 0.05, 95% CI: -0.19 to 0.11). Conclusion: Inconclusive associations were observed between self-reported minutes/day sitting and blood pressure. More studies are needed to better estimate the magnitude of these effects. Interestingly, no correlation was observed between steps/day and minutes/day spent sitting. This suggests that the amount of time that individuals spend sitting has a minimal effect on their overall levels of physical activity.
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13-OR: Improving diabetes medication adherence in schizophrenia: Using 14-OR: User-feedback helps a web-based nutrition/physical activity the Medical Research Council Framework to structure future behaviour goal setting and tracking tool to set a new track interventions J. Lieffers1, H. Haresign2,3, C. Mehling2,3, R. Hanning1 P. Gorczynski1, H. Patel1, R. Ganguli1 1University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2Dietitians of Canada, 3Eat 1Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Right Ontario, Ontario, Canada
High rates of obesity in individuals with schizophrenia have been Diet/physical activity behaviour goal setting/tracking are fundamental for associated with an increased risk of developing type II diabetes mellitus in weight management; however, incorporating this technique into e-tools is this population. Treatment for diabetes in schizophrenia has called for relatively new. Dietitians of Canada recently added “My Goals” to their increased physical activity, lower calorie diets, regularly checking blood eaTracker [www.eatracker.ca] diet/physical activity self-monitoring web- sugar levels, and taking diabetes medication. Although interventions to based tool; users can write their own custom goal(s) or choose ready-made improve physical activity and dietary behaviours in this population have goal(s) and self-monitor goal progress. Eat Right Ontario (ERO) also been examined, no research has explored strategies to improve diabetes added additional supports for Ontario users (weekly motivational emails, medication adherence. Prospective research is needed to examine potential for ERO dietitian on-line/phone goal consultation). Our interventions to increase diabetes medication adherence in this objective was to describe current use, satisfaction and suggestions related population, but no methodological framework has been suggested to to these services from the perspectives of both adults accessing these structure research in a cost effective, rigorous, and translational manner. services for weight management and ERO dietitians. Nineteen My Goals This methodological paper presents the Medical Research Council (MRC) users and five ERO dietitians participated in a one-on-one semi-structured Framework for the Development and Evaluation of Complex interview which was audiotaped, and transcribed. Data were then coded Interventions (Craig et al., 2008) and establishes a systematic plan of and organized into themes using NVivo 10. Participants were enthusiastic research that can help researchers develop and implement tailored about e-tool use for goal setting/tracking however, this early tool did not interventions to improve diabetes medication adherence in relation to yet match needs. Some users felt progress monitoring was not helpful with other behaviours aimed at improving overall diabetes care in the current system (where users check one of: “Met My Goal,” “Still schizophrenia. Findings from a systematic review of diabetes medication Trying,” “Remove Goal.”) Users provided several suggestions to further adherence in schizophrenia are used to present demographic, advance e-goal setting/tracking tools (e.g., electronic/live coaches, tailored psychological and cognitive, disease and medical service, and medication feedback, mobile apps). Motivational messages should be aligned to user factors that must be considered when structuring future interventions to custom goals. Further, dietitians felt that My Goals users needed more improve medication adherence (Gorczynski et al., in press). The MRC assistance with SMART goal setting. Interestingly, ERO dietitian support Framework has four non-linear stages for intervention design: was underutilized, suggesting the need for improved marketing. Overall, e- development; piloting; evaluation; and dissemination and implementation. goal setting/tracking tools represent an important direction for The Framework has been used to create complex interventions in overweight/obesity prevention/management; this work provides several multiple public health settings and can help researchers create and ideas to help optimize future goal setting/tracking tools for this purpose. evaluate interventions to improve diabetes medication adherence in schizophrenia.
15-OR: We Are Not The Same! Adapting Game For Health To Gamer 16-OR: Computer-Mediated Social Networking Engagement, Social Types Benefits, and Emotional Eating R. Orji1, R.L. Mandryk1, J. Vassileva1 M. Murray1, G. Gary2 1University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada 1University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Obesity is a major health concern worldwide and specifically here in Canada. The adoption of sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating habits The majority of undergraduate students engage in some form of are the two main contributors to the escalation of obesity in our society computer-mediated social networking (Mazman & Usluel, 2011). today. Persuasive games for health, which are designed to alter human However, research findings regarding the psychological costs and benefits behavior or attitude in a desirable way have attracted the attention of of engaging in this form of communication are mixed. The purpose of the researchers and practitioners as an effective approach to tackle obesity by study was to examine the relationship between the social benefits (e.g., motivating health behavior change. These games manipulate various feeling more confident engaging in online versus face-to-face determinants of health behavior to bring about desirable change. Recent communication) of spending time on computer-mediated social years have witnessed an increasing number of persuasive games that are networking sites and emotional eating (e.g., eating in response to one’s aimed at promoting health behavior; however, these games treat players as feelings). It was expected that social benefits would act as a protective monolithic group and adopt a one-size-fits-all approach in their design. factor for emotional eating. Age, gender, and BMI were controlled for in Various research on gameplay motivation has shown that treating players the present study. as a monolithic group is a bad design approach – only considering that Participants included 391 (71.4% female) undergraduate students (Mean what works for one individual may actually demotivate behavior in others. age = 20.39, SD = 3.59, from the University of Ottawa. An adapted As an attempt to resolve this weakness, we conducted a large-scale study version of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale was used to on 642 gamers’ eating habits and their associated determinants of healthy measure students’ participation in computer-mediated social networking. behavior to understand how health behavior relates to gamer type. We The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was used to measure developed seven different models of healthy eating behavior. Our study is emotional eating. based on the seven gamer types (achiever, conqueror, daredevil, Contrary to what was expected, results indicated that social benefits of mastermind, seeker, socializer, and survivor) identified by the BrainHex computer-mediated social networking engagement (ß = .13, t = 6.16, p < model and the health determinants (perceived susceptibility, perceived .001) was significantly and positively predictive of emotional eating (F(4, severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, cue to action, and self- 387) = 20.35, p < .001), after controlling for socio-demographic efficacy) identified by the Health Belief Model (HBM, one of the oldest confounds. Social benefits explained 8% of the unique variance in and the most widely employed models of health behavior promotion. Our emotional eating (SR2 = 0.08). Findings suggest that the positive models reveal several differences in the impact of various determinants on relationship between social benefits of computer-mediated social the seven gamer types’ likelihood of healthy eating behavior. Based on the networking engagement and emotional eating may be explained by results of our models, we propose two approaches for designing underlying mechanisms such as feelings of isolation and loneliness. Future persuasive games: a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach that will appeal to the research is warranted to further examine these mechanisms. majority of gamer types, while not disadvantaging any, and - 42 -
17-OR: Visceral fat is associated with brain volumes in middle-aged adults 18-OR: The effects of continuous theta burst stimulation to the left 1D. Schwartz, 1M. Pangelinan, 1C. Foster, 2 B. Pike, 3L. Richer, 4Z. Pausova, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive function, food cravings, and 1T. Paus snack food consumption. 1Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Montréal Neurological C. Lowe1, P. Hall2, W. Staines3 Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada, 3Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada, 4Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Ontario, Canada, 2 Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Canada Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 3Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Visceral fat (VF) is a significant contributor to the negative impact of obesity on cardiometabolic health. Although obesity is a known risk factor Prior research has demonstrated that effective executive functions (EF) are for dementia, much less is known about the specific contribution of VF to implicated in the maintenance of healthy dietary habits. Therefore, given brain health in the general population. In this study we investigated the that EFs are understood to involve the operation of the prefrontal cortex, association between VF and brain volumes in a community sample of 209 specifically the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the differential middle-aged adults (aged 37-65) from the Saguenay Parents Study. T1- operation of the DLPFC may explain some aspects of dietary self-control. weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain and abdomen were The present study was designed to examine the causal status of the acquired. Visceral fat was quantified as the volume of fat contained within relationship between prefrontal function and two parameters of dietary the abdominal cavity, based on ten 10-mm slices descending from the self-control: food cravings and consumptive behaviours. Using a within bottom of the liver. Absolute and relative (controlled for intra-cranial subjects design, 21 female participants received both active and sham volume) volumes were determined for total brain volume, gray matter continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to the left DLPFC. Subjective (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes of the four cerebral lobes food cravings were assessed, before and after each stimulation session, (excluding subcortical tissue). using the Food Craving Questionnaire- State (FCQ-S). Following each We found that relative, but not absolute, total brain volume was associated stimulation session, participants completed three EF measures, and a negatively with VF volume. Further, WM relative volume, but not GM bogus taste test. Results indicated that there was significant increase in relative volume, was associated negatively with VF. Secondary analyses by food cravings following active as compared to sham stimulation, however, lobe showed that VF was associated negatively with relative WM volume this was highly specific to the reinforcement-anticipation dimension of the in parietal and occipital lobes. These effects were independent of age and FCQ-S (F(1,20)=7.706, p=.012). Additionally, participants consumed total body fat (assessed by bioimpedence). As VF is associated specifically significantly more appetitive food (i.e., milk chocolate and two types of with lower relative, but not absolute volumes of white matter, these results potato chips) following active as compared to sham stimulation suggest that high volumes of VF may be associated with higher levels of (F(1,20)=5.072, p=.036). There was no stimulation effect on the white-matter atrophy. consumption of control foods (i.e., dark chocolate and crackers). As expected, compared with sham stimulation, performance on the Stroop task was significantly impaired following active stimulation (F(1,20)=5.261, p=.033). Together, these results support the contention that the EF, as modulated through DLPFC activity, regulates food cravings and the consumption of palatable energy dense foods.
19-OR: Investigating the Effects of High-Fat Diets on Hippocampal 20-OR: Review of Thirteen years of Canadian research on macro level in Synaptic Plasticity in Female Rats Childhood Obesity: Where do we stand? I. Messa1, JL. Robb1, D. Yeung1, J. Thacker1, J. Mielke1 N. Dumas1, F. Bergeron1,2 1University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 1Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec City Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada, 2Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Obesity can be defined as the accumulation of excess weight to the point Canada of negative health outcomes, and has reached epidemic proportions across the globe. Over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that Background: In Canada, numerous peer review articles have been obesity and Western diets can interfere with brain function, and published to counter the rise of child obesity. We have little information specifically with hippocampal-dependent processes. The hippocampus is on how we could identify articles concerning primary interventions for highly plastic, and plays an important role in learning and memory. Long- those aged ≤18 years or for family settings part of the sample population term potentiation (LTP) is an activity-dependent increase in synaptic that were investigated. Nevertheless those interventions involve transmission, and is largely believed to be the cellular basis of learning and considerable human and financial resources. Objective: The goal of this memory in this structure. Young female rats will be fed a high-fat diet study was to systematically review the Canadian evidence surrounding the (HFD) for a period of 10 weeks, at which point brains will be removed, nature, quality and usefulness of studies on interventions for obesity and acute hippocampal slices will be prepared. A 64-electrode microarray prevention, published in peer-reviewed journals during the period of will be used to record field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) January 2000 to December 2013. Methods: A systematic search using 10 from the dendritic field of hippocampal area CA1. After a 20 minute different strategies in 7 databases was performed. Aims are to i) identifiy baseline period, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) will be applied (two, canadian publications; ii) focus on interventions iii) identify which kind of one-second bursts at 100 Hz, 20 seconds apart), and post HFS responses interventions (i.e. primary, secondary or tierce) iv) and if they were will be recorded for 30 minutes. The effects of leptin on synaptic plasticity evaluated. Articles should be elaborated around the topic to protect will also be measured via the application of leptin to slices prior to HFS. healthy individuals under 18 years aiming to promote healthy behaviors or Based on the literature and our previous work, we expect that slices from environment in order to promote “healthy weight”. HFD-fed animals will show less potentiation than control slices, indicating Results: Out of a total of 28,043 citations, we identified 2,745 canadians impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity. We also expect that leptin will peer reviewed articles for further reading. These were mainly descriptive show less LTP facilitation of synaptic plasticity in HFD slices, indicative of predictive, genetic or non-reproducible designs. Most of those leptin resistance. publications (66 %) was publish after 2006. Setting was mainly on Ontario, Quebec and Alberta populations. 572 citations for thirteen years of canadian publications concerned interventions, and only 182 of them were evaluated. Interpretation: Compared to the vast amount of resources invested in interventions, the investments in impact evaluation and lessons learned for the scientific community have been very limited. The reasons are discussed and some avenues for improvement are proposed. - 43 -
21-OR: Prevalence and Predictors of Healthy Obese Phenotypes in 22-OR: Changes in dietary habits among international students at Adolescents Nipissing University S.J. Heinzle1, G.D.C. Ball2, J.L. Kuk1 H. Guty1 1Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, 1Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada Ontario, Canada, 2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Background: Dietary acculturation has been defined as the process that occurs when members of a minority group adopt the food choices and Many adolescents with obesity possess cardiometabolic complications; eating patterns of the host country (Holmboe-Ottesen & Wandel, 2012). however, a subset of adolescents with obesity is metabolically healthy. With a huge number of immigrants entering Canada as permanent The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predictors residents, as well as for temporary study purposes, the health status of of healthy obese phenotypes in adolescents. Cross-sectional data from the racial/ethnic minorities is an increasingly important public health issue. 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were Past research has reported that the diets of temporary students are often used. Participants included 331 male and 323 female 12-19 year old adapted to the prominent diet in the host country, which could result in Americans with a BMI ≥95th percentile. We examined healthy obese negative effects on health, including obesity and formation of chronic phenotypes using several criteria. First, metabolically healthy obese disease. Purpose: To determine the influence of studying abroad on (MHO) was defined as being free of diabetes, hypertension, dietary acculturation. Methods: International students (N=17; 10 females, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C and the metabolic syndrome. Second, 7 males) participated in 5 focus groups and completed a survey pertaining insulin-sensitive obese (ISO) was defined as HOMA-IR≤3.16. Finally, low to their dietary habits (e.g. preferences, barriers to healthy eating, and inflammation was defined as CRP≤3.0mg/L. Log-binomial regressions cooking habits). Focus group questions were centered on the changes were used to calculate standardized Prevalent Risks for each predictor students have experienced in their dietary habits upon coming to Canada, adjusting for age and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of MHO, barriers to healthy eating, and the availability of the foods they would ISO, and low inflammation was 45%, 76% and 29%, respectively, in males, normally eat in their home country. Discussions were audio recorded and and 68%, 80% and 43%, respectively, in females. In males, waist transcribed verbatim. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. circumference (WC) predicted MHO (PR, 95%CI = 0.78, 0.67-0.90), ISO Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. (PR, 95%CI = 0.68, 0.56-0.82), and low inflammation (PR, 95%CI = 0.91, Application: This research can be used to help understand the factors that 0.86-0.96); physical activity also predicted ISO (PR, 95%CI = 1.15, 1.03- influence dietary acculturation of temporary migrants to Canada and then 1.29). In females, BMI z-score and WC predicted ISO (PR, 95%CI = intervene successfully. For example, study abroad programs can develop 0.53, 0.41-0.70) and low inflammation (PR, 95%CI = 0.86, 0.81-0.92), strategies to ensure students are meeting their nutritional and cultural respectively; polyunsaturated fat intake also predicted ISO (PR, 95%CI = needs while abroad. 1.56, 1.12-2.16). Measures of obesity were the most consistent predictors of healthy obese phenotypes, suggesting that obesity management via healthy diet and physical activity habits remains a central goal for adolescents with obesity.
23-OR: Accuracy of the Weight-for-age Index in Identifying Obese 24-OR: Factors that influence food choices in cafeterias: How important is Children in the Emergency Setting nutrition? R.R. Tripathi1, K. Boutis2, L. Barra2, K. Tran2, V. Sabhaney3, Q. Doan3 L. Vanderlee1 and D. Hammond1 1University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Hospital for Sick Children, 1University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 3British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Background: Food consumed away from home in restaurant and fast-food settings accounts for a large proportion of Canadians’ diets, and is Objectives: Obesity has been defined as weight-for-age > 95th percentile associated with poorer diet quality and increased calorie consumption. for research/clinical settings like the emergency department where height This study examined factors that influenced consumer food choices in is not routinely available. Our main objective was to determine the cafeterias. sensitivity of weight-for-age > 95%th percentile in identifying obesity, using Methods: Exit surveys were conducted with patrons from two cafeteria Body Mass Index (BMI)-for-age > 95% percentile as the reference hospitals in August/September 2011 (n=669), November/December 2012 standard. We also determined the specificity, and predictive values, and (n=1,077) and August/September 2013 (n=1,057) as part of a larger study. the correlation between weight and BMI-for-age values. Methods: This Patrons were asked what they had ordered, and how important taste, price was a cross-sectional study with prospectively collected data conducted at and nutrition were when they selected their food items using a Likert scale two urban, tertiary care pediatric emergency departments in Canada. from 1 (not important at all) to 10 (very important), as well as questions Children between 2 and 17 years of age with acute extremity injuries were regarding nutrition knowledge and attitudes, and socio-demographic enrolled. Results: Of the 2259 participants, 1283 (56.1%) were male and characteristics. Linear regression models were conducted to examine the mean (SD) age was 9.5 (4.1) years. Using weight-for-age > 95th socio-demographic factors associated with high ratings of importance for percentile, 326 [14.3% (12.9, 15.7]) were classified as obese, while using nutrition. BMI-for-age > 95th percentile criteria determined that 363 [16.1% (14.6, Results: Across all three waves, taste was the most important factor for 17.7)] were obese, p < 0.0001. The sensitivity (95% CI) of weight-for-age > food item selection (8.0, sd=1.9), followed by nutrition (7.0, sd=2.7), and 95th percentile to identify obesity was 62.2% (57.0, 67.2). The specificity, price (5.2, s.d.=2.9). Nutrition was more important to females, those who positive and negative predictive values were 94.5 % (93.6, 95.6), 14.4% were underweight, those with more education, older individuals, those (13.0, 16.0), and 85.6% (84.0, 87.0), respectively. The correlation who more frequently used nutrition labels when shopping and those with between BMI and weight-for-age was 0.71 (0.68, 0.73). Conclusions: better self-reported general health. Those who felt that nutrition was more Although there may be limited validity in using this weight-for-age cut-off important consumed fewer calories (β=-12.3, p<0.001), less sodium (β=- as a definition for obesity in research that includes children with acute 19.6, p=0.002), saturated fat (β=-0.2, p<0.001) and total fat (β=-0.3, injuries, the high specificity may provide some clinical utility in identifying p=0.007) after adjusting for socio-demographic factors. two-thirds of children who are obese while minimizing false labeling of this Conclusion: Nutrition was relatively important to consumers, and condition. consistently more important than price. Although importance of nutrition varied among sub-populations, higher ratings were associated with healthier food choices.
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25-OR: The Meat of the Matter: Focussing on Boys and Their Healthy 26-OR: Investigating School Food Environments within Region of Peel Packaged Food Choices Following Implementation of the Ontario School Food and Beverage M. Brierley1 and C. Elliott1 Policy (P/PM 150) 1University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T. Orava1 and R. Hanning1 1University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada The influence of gender on health, and the need to advance studies to address health concerns particular to boys and men, are a focus of efforts Background: In 2011, the Ontario Ministry of Education implemented the to attend to gendered health differences across the lifespan. Research School Food and Beverage Policy (P/PM150) in all elementary and documents that boys have distinct food preferences and behaviours, and secondary schools. As part of a comprehensive process evaluation of tend to make “less healthy” food choices than girls. However, there is a P/PM150 within the Region of Peel, this research aims to describe and gap in the literature pertaining to boys’ and girls’ healthy packaged food evaluate healthy eating practices, as well as food availability within choices. The World Health Organization has called for efforts to address elementary and secondary schools during the early years of P/PM150 children's consumption habits to prevent noncommunicable diseases implementation. Methods: Consenting school representatives completed (such as obesity, Type 2 diabetes and hypertension). This study explores the Healthy School Planner survey and with guidance of a researcher, a the influence of gender on packaged food choices with particular interest food environmental scan, which included: an environmental scan checklist in the perspectives of boys. Twenty-seven boys and thirty-one girls (grades and a physical walkabout of the school to obtain representative 1-6) participated in small focus groups (4-6 children). Results revealed photographs and identify types of foods available for purchase in boys’ greater citing of nutrient data to inform their healthy choices cafeterias, tuck shops and vending machines on a regular school day. compared to girls. It further revealed that boys equated “substance” and Results: To date, Phase I data collection is complete; 44 randomly “meatiness” with health in contrast to girls’ choice of vegetables. Both selected elementary (n=18) and invited secondary (n=26) schools genders were equally convinced by the term “organic”. Building on participated. A variety of opportunities for healthy eating were identified. research that suggests gender is implicated in determinants of health, this In the previous 12 months, 57% (n=25) of schools were in the “action” study provides a glimpse of boys’ and girls’ different perceptions on phase of implementing healthy eating practices, 66% (n=29) had worked making healthy packaged food choices. Previous interpretations of boys’ on healthy eating promotion with Peel Public Health and 77% (n=34) of “less healthy” food choices may not be due to their lack of knowledge, but participating representatives had received P/PM150 training. Photos of due to different, gendered, approaches to how decisions about food school venues showcased a range of products available for purchase products are made, and what boys think is healthy for boys. throughout the day, at multiple venues, both within and outside of P/PM150 nutritional standards. Conclusion: School representatives identified both barriers and opportunities to promoting healthy eating to students. Peel Public Health and the University of Waterloo have initiated a repeat investigation of school food environments for Phase II. 27-OR: Policy, Educators, and Parents: Perceptions and Influence of Healthy Eating-Active Living Environments (HEALE) for Preschool 28-OR: Measuring “form” and “function” in complex school-based Children in Child Care Centres population health interventions T. Shewring1, A. Farmer1, G. Ball1, V. Carson1, L. Lafave2, S. Tyminski3. JL McIsaac1, T. Penney2, K. MacLeod1, C. Shearer1, S. Kuhle1, S. Kirk1 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2Mount Royal University, 1Dalhouse University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2University of Cambridge, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 3Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada Cambridge, United Kingdom
Introduction: According to Statistics Canada, 20% of Canadian children Aim: Population health interventions are complex, presenting challenges aged two to five years are overweight or obese. It has been shown that in how best to measure their effectiveness. Understanding the “form” children in centre-based child care, or care other than a parent, have an (what is being done) and “function” (how it is being done) of school health increased risk of being overweight or obese, giving child care centres a promotion initiatives is the focus of a CIHR-funded population health pivotal role in the weight status of children. intervention project in Nova Scotia. This research is investigating how Purpose: To determine how child care centre environments influence implementation impacts school culture, student health and well-being, and preschool children’s eating, physical activity and sedentary behaviours, and cost. This presentation will provide an overview of the methods used to to understand the perceptions of and adherence to the Alberta Nutrition assess school health by understanding more about the “form” and Guidelines for Children and Youth (ANGCY). “function” of implementation. Objectives: 1. Explore child care educators’ and parents’ perceptions of Methods: Given the complexity of measurement, we used a multi-method, HEALE; 2. Observe whether child care educators’ behaviour influences iterative process to quantify a collection of school policies, processes and preschoolers’ eating, physical activity and sedentary behaviours; and 3. built environmental characteristics that contribute to school and student Measure child care centres adherence to the ANGCY using the Creating well-being by integrating empirical knowledge (i.e., from research Healthy Eating Environments survey. literature) with tacit knowledge (i.e., from stakeholders). Methods: An exploratory case focused ethnography with data from five Results: Following a literature search, review of existing tools and child care centres (1 reference case and 4 cases) in Edmonton, Alberta will consultations with our stakeholders, we developed a conceptual be used. Data collection includes: eating, physical activity and sedentary framework and measures to be collected through a school environment behaviour observations, interviews with parents and child care educators’, audit and surveys for the school leader and classroom teachers. After pilot and self-assessment of the HEALE. Data analysis will include thematic testing, the tool will be administered to 18 schools in the Tri-County analysis of qualitative data and descriptive statistics of survey data. region of Nova Scotia in the spring of 2014. Data collection will also Results: Data collection is on-going. We will report on the degree of include an economic evaluation, surveys with parents and students and adherence to the ANGCY and perceptions of HEALE and qualitative student measurements. observations of eating, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Conclusions This work will help to advance tool development and provide Relevance: This study will contribute important data to address knowledge insight into “what schools are doing” and “how” they are creating healthier and evidence gaps to inform policy and guide intervention development school environments through population level interventions, thereby and evaluation within preschools. supporting student health and well-being and contributing to childhood obesity prevention.
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29-OR: Perspectives of Students, Parents and School Stakeholders on the 30-OR: Evaluating School Travel Planning in Canada: An Implementation of P/PM150 in Region of Peel Schools Interdisciplinary Intervention to Increase Active School Travel R. Valaitis1, R. Hanning1, T. Orava1 G. Mammen1, M. Stone2, R. Buliung1, G. Faulkner1 1University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 1University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada The University of Waterloo and Peel Public Health have collaborated to conduct a process evaluation of the Ontario School Food & Beverage Active school travel (AST) may provide a significant source of physical Policy (P/PM150) in Region of Peel schools. P/PM150 defines nutrition activity for children although rates of AST are declining in many countries. standards for foods that can be offered for sale within all Ontario schools. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Canadian School Travel One objective of this research was to explore strengths and barriers Planning (STP) intervention by examining changes in school travel mode associated with implementation of P/PM150. Twelve student focus and predictors of mode change. groups, 6 parent focus groups, and 15 school stakeholder interviews were METHODS: Schools (n=106) across Canada participated between conducted. A survey was also conducted involving parents of high school January 2010 and March 2012. STP committees implemented school- students; 46 questionnaires were returned. Preliminary data show that specific strategies to increase active school transport (AST) which included stakeholders have varying perspectives about the new policy. Positive educational strategies, activities and events, capital improvement projects aspects of P/PM150 include: addressing obesity, increasing access to and enforcement initiatives. Travel mode at each school was assessed by a healthy options, and promoting healthy eating/lifestyle. Challenges hands-up survey and school travel plans were reviewed for content. include: limited options for fundraising involving foods, freedom of RESULTS: Complete data were available for 53 schools. There was no choice, taste and cost of food, decreased variety, competition from outside increase in AST at follow-up after one year. There was variation in mode food vendors, and decrease in cafeteria profits. Survey results show that change between schools. Only season of data collection predicted a 41% of parent respondents had previously heard of P/PM150, mostly decrease in AST in the morning (B=-5.36, p<.05). from the media or school. Twenty-one participants felt that the policy has CONCLUSION: This Canadian STP evaluation showed no change in potential to positively affect their child’s eating habits, although most AST after one year. There was evidence of some localized success at parents (n=23) indicated that their son/daughter usually brought food from nearly half of the participating schools. More robust monitoring and home. While respondents indicated that some schools encountered evaluation are needed to examine STP effectiveness difficulty with policy implementation, success stories were also shared. Interviews with food service providers are being conducted between March – June 2014 to provide a comprehensive picture of P/PM150 implementation in Peel Region schools. Increasing our understanding of food policy implementation and impact in schools can support future similar policy initiatives in obesity prevention.
31-OR: Walking the talk and talking the walk of anti-obesity public 32-OR: The effects of acute aerobic exercise on executive function in policies in Québec: A Logic Modeling Approach adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus M. Lamari, C. Héronneau C. Vincent1, P. Hall2 École nationale d'administration publique 1School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, This paper’s aims are twofold. First, it compares recent anti-obesity Waterloo, Ontario, Canada interventions regarding their rational and logic. Second, it assesses to what extents are government anti-obesity actions coherent and cohesive with Prior research in healthy young and older adult populations indicates that governmental rhetoric? acute aerobic exercise results in improved cognitive function, and In our investigation, empirical data are used in two successive steps. First, specifically improved executive function (EF). This study aims to examine an extensive government’s public policies inventory was conducted to the effect of acute aerobic exercise on EF in a population of primarily identify all relevant governmental anti- obesity actions taking place in overweight/obese individuals with T2DM. Thirty individuals ages 40-69 Québec. In total, 105 governmental actions, 1/3 from the Canadian with T2DM, will participate in two intensities of acute aerobic activity: 1) federal government and 2/3 initiated by the Quebec provincial minimal intensity and 2) moderate intensity (30% heart rate reserve) on government, were identified. Second, a representative sample of actions two separate occasions (separated by 1 week) in a counterbalanced, within (n=24) was scrutinized regarding their components and conceptual logic subject design. EF will be measured using two computerized tasks before models. and after each exercise session. Change scores were calculated as post-pre Logic modeling is mainly used by public policy evaluators. Their and used to examine whether greater increases in EF performance occur components are helpful for investigating several strategic attributes of following moderate intensity acute aerobic exercise in comparison to public actions: raison d’être, target, instruments, inputs, outputs, and minimal intensity. Preliminary results from the first 12 participants (mean impacts. Logic modeling theory is used here to assess each of the sampled age=61.25, mean BMI=32.93) indicate a mean change in stroop governmental anti-obesity actions. interference (an inverse correlate to the inhibitory facet of EF) of M=-33.8 Our findings suggest that anti-obesity governmental public actions are in SD=115.8 following moderate intensity exercise and M=17.5 SD=237.7 many ways disconnected with their governmental rhetoric. These following minimal intensity exercise. These findings indicate a small discrepancies create ineffectiveness spawning from a lack of coherence improvement in response inhibition following moderate intensity and cohesion between stakeholders, and from several hermeneutic condition and a small decrease in response inhibition following minimal discourses and means used to prevent and mitigate obesity impacts. intensity; however, more data is needed. The potential for exercise to enhance EF in individuals with T2DM is significant because of the importance of EF in self-control and self-monitoring behaviours such as dietary control, and adherence to medication or physical activity regimes all of which are important to proper T2DM self-management.
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33-OR: Does the increase in BMI associated with initiation of insulin 34-OR: Improvement of glycemic control in patients with prediabetes and therapy among youth newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes predict obesity type 2 diabetes undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at age 18? K. Lester1, L. Twells1, D. Gregory1, C.S. Kovacs1, J.M. Gamble1 T. Manyanga1, M. Doupe1, E. Sellers1, R. Fransoo1 1Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada 1University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Aim: Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) has the highest prevalence of Background: Although essential for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus obesity and diabetes in Canada. This study is evaluating LSG and its (TIDM), Insulin therapy is associated with an immediate increase in Body effectiveness in the improvement of glycemic control in patients living with Mass Index (BMI). Excess increase in BMI may lead to obesity. prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: All patients Childhood obesity is associated with both short-term and long-term (n=163) undergoing LSG in NL since May 2011 are followed negative health outcomes. The potential burden posed by concurrent prospectively. Patients are classified as having prediabetes (HbA1c: 6.0 – problems of obesity and T1DM may have significant consequences for 6.4% or FPG: 6.1 – 6.9 mmol/L) or T2DM (HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or FPG ≥ 7.0 patients and their families Objective: To examine if the change in BMI mmol/L, self-reported, or antidiabetic medication use) at baseline. within 6 or 12 months of initiation of insulin therapy in youth with T1DM Glycemic control is evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary is associated with obesity at age 18. Methods: Clinical data from the outcome is the proportion of patients experiencing improved glycemic Diabetes Education Resource for Children and Adolescents database was control. Results: At baseline, 38 (22.0%) patients have prediabetes used for this study. This unique database combines extensive clinical (average HbA1c 5.9% (SD 0.3), FPG 5.6 mmol/L (SD 0.6)) and 64 information on each patient with virtually universal coverage. The study (37.0%) have T2DM (average HbA1c 7.8% (SD 1.4), FPG 8.5 mmol/L population comprise all children (2-18 years old) diagnosed with T1DM (SD 3.0)). Interim analysis within 6 months post-surgery: of the 25 in Manitoba between 1997 and 2013. BMI obtained from measured prediabetic patients who’ve completed follow-up, 25 (100%) have HbA1c heights and weights was used to calculate z-scores based on the Centres for < 6.0% and 24 (96%) FPG < 6.1 mmol/L (p>0.05); of the 40 T2DM Disease Control growth charts. Regression models were used to assess the patients who’ve completed follow-up, 26 (65.0%) have HbA1c < 6.5% association between change in BMI at 6 and 12 months after diagnosis, (p>0.05) and 30 (75.0%) have FPG < 7.0 mmol/L (p>0.05). Prediabetes and obesity status. The models controlled for sex, age at diagnosis and and T2DM groups show significant improvements in HbA1c (-0.5% and - length of follow up. Additional stratified analyses examined sub-groups 1.6% respectively) and FPG (-0.5 mmol/L and -2.6 mmol/L respectively), within the sample, to determine whether the effects were different for p<0.05 for all. 15 of 32 T2DM patients (46.9%) who completed follow-up children with different characteristics (e.g. initial BMI, age at diagnosis, or are no longer taking antidiabetic medications. sex). Results: Data analysis is currently ongoing and results will be available Conclusions: Interim analysis indicates better glucose control is achieved by the time of the conference. within 6 months following LSG. Implications: If this study (as expected) finds a significant association between post-diagnosis weight gain and deleterious outcomes, then clinical practice may need to be modified to monitor and control weight gain associated with initiation of insulin therapy.
35-OR: Prevalence and prediction of overweight among 10-12 year old 36-OR: Weight bias in health care: one size fits all? South Asian children in Canada: Evidence from Project BEAT A. Alberga1, B. Pickering1, K.A. Hayden1, G. MacKean1, K. Germann2, S. A.T Banerjee1, P. Flora2, M. Stone3, G. Faulkner4 Jelinski3, A. Edwards1, R. Lafrance3, S. Walji1, M. Forhan2, G. Ball2, A. 1Women’s College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2University of Sharma2, S. Russell-Mayhew1 Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, 3Dalhousie University, Halifax, 1University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2University of Alberta, Edmonton, Nova Scotia, 4University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Alberta, Canada 3Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
Importance: Childhood overweight and obesity has reached epidemic Background: Given the high prevalence of obesity, the high level of weight levels in North America. However, the data showing trends in childhood bias and negative stereotypes, and the detrimental effects of weight bias on overweight and obesity have focused less on ethnic populations where patient care, Canada urgently needs innovative and coordinated strategies there may be higher risk for cardiovascular disease and associated risk to address weight bias among healthcare professionals. Aim: To factors. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and prediction of overweight systematically review academic, peer-reviewed, published interventions among 10-12 year old South Asian children in comparison to non-South designed to reduce weight bias in healthcare professionals. Methods: Asian children. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional Combination sets of keywords based on three themes (1. weight study obtained data from 16 schools in Toronto, Ontario. The analysis bias/stigma, 2. obesity/overweight, 3. health professional) were searched included 734 children (260 South Asian and 475 non-South Asian), aged within nine databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, 10-12 years. Height and weight were measured directly, and body mass SocINDEX, Social Work Abstracts, ERIC, Cochrane Database of index (BMI; kg/m2) calculated. Main Outcome Measure: Overweight Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials). The status in children according to BMI age- and sex-specific cut points search was limited to English or French language, original empirical established by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Results: The intervention research in health professionals from 1990-2014. Comments, prevalence of overweight was significantly higher among South Asian editorials, letters and grey literature were excluded. Results: 1122 search children when compared to non-South Asian children (36.9% vs. 23.0%; results were found and abstract reviews are currently underway which will p<0.001). Unadjusted, South Asian children exhibited increased odds for be completed at the time of conference presentation. Conclusion: The being overweight (OR=1.96; CI=1.41-2.73; p<0.001). The association did findings of this systematic review will inform the design and methods of a not remain significant after the adjustment for all socio-demographic and provincial research initiative (large randomized controlled trial) proposed behavioural covariates (age, gender, parental education, SES, physical to address weight bias in primary healthcare settings in Alberta. Evidence- activity, sedentary behaviour). The adjusted odds for being overweight informed practices are needed to develop effective weight-bias reduction was significantly higher among South Asian boys (but not girls) compared strategies in healthcare settings in Canada. Health care professionals must to their non-South Asian counterparts (OR=2.75; CI=1.33-5.71; be aware of their own attitudes and behaviors toward patients with obesity p<0.0001). Conclusions and Relevance: The prevalence of overweight and how negative stereotypes might impact patient care. These findings differs by ethnic group and gender. South Asian boys have increased odds will provide future research directions and offer evidence-based practical of being overweight compared to non-South Asian boys. Children of suggestions on how to improve experiences of individuals with obesity in South Asian origin should receive priority in public health initiatives to healthcare settings. reduce the risk of becoming overweight and the associated metabolic consequences. - 47 -
37-OR’: Weight Bias in the Canadian Workplace: A literature review 38-OR: Body-related shame and guilt: Linking weight status and self- B. Nowrouzi1, M. Forhan2 esteem in young adults 1Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, 2University of Alberta, E. Pila1, C. Sabiston1, J. O’Loughlin2 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 1University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada The aim of this paper is to review and evaluate the current literature examining weight bias in the Canadian workplace. A literature search was Modern western culture emphasizes thinness and stigmatizes obesity, and conducted using the keywords weight bias, stigma, obesity, workplace, researchers document that individuals who are overweight report body occupation and work environment. The review is partitioned into three image concerns and even lower self-esteem. Therefore, it is imperative to sections: Types of Weight Bias in the Workplace, Public Policy, and understand the mechanisms that perpetuate these associations. Self- Intervention to mitigate weight bias in the workplace. Obesity and weight conscious emotions, such as shame and guilt may be modifiable factors bias are growing issues in Canadian society and must be regarded as explaining the association between weight status and self-esteem. Shame serious problems. This stigmatization has serious socio-economic, health and guilt arise when individuals perceive a personal failure in regard to a and psychological consequences for obese individuals. With the specific social standard, such as maintaining a desired body weight. In this elucidation of the types and prevalence of weight bias, the focus must study, body-related shame and guilt are explored as mediators of the move toward identifying how to rectify this societal issue and foster a association between weight status and self-esteem. Participants (N = 790; healthy and safe work environment. The mechanism underlying the 55.1% female; Mage=24.04±0.70 years) completed self-report measures of stigma must be identified so that effective intervention strategies can be self-esteem, trait body-related guilt and shame, and technicians measured developed and implemented. height, weight, and body fat. Multiple mediation models with bootstrapping were conducted separately for body mass index (BMI; heigh/weight2) and body fat percentage (BF%), controlling for gender, age and socioeconomic status. In the models, body-related shame mediated the relationship between BF% and self-esteem (R2adj=0.20, BCa CI=-.014 to -.005). Similar results were found for the model testing BMI (R2adj=0.22, BCa CI=-.11 to -.05). These findings support conceptualizations of body-related shame as an enduring emotion, which influences perceptions of the global self. This evidence suggests that targeting intervention strategies to reduce body-related shame may reduce the negative psychological outcomes linked with obesity. Given the high prevalence of overweight and obesity, further understanding of body- related emotions as potential mechanisms has important implications for clinical practice.
39-OR: Attitudes Towards Obese Adults and Children Among Female 40-OR: Reduced activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturse 1 during adipogenesis Senior-level Nutrition and Non-nutrition Students modifies gene expression and lipid profiles in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes A. Starr1, J. Dwyer1, C. Mills1, J. Haines1 J. Ralston1, D. Mutch1 1Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, 1University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada Guelph, Ontario, Canada INTRODUCTION: In obesity, adipocytes store excess energy in the Background: As young adults graduate from programs across universities form of triacylglycerol (TG). TG accumulation during adipogenesis occurs and colleges, some will be interacting with obese individuals more than concomitantly with significant increases in the expression of numerous others. Among those, nutrition students entering the workforce will have lipogenic genes, including stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). SCD1 is an influence on the future of obesity treatment and prevention. The rate-limiting for the conversion of saturated fatty acids (FA) palmitate present study aimed to assess weight bias attitudes of third- and fourth-year (16:0) and stearate (18:0) to monounsaturated FA palmitoleate (16:1n7) female nutrition and non-nutrition students (comparison) at the University and oleate (18:1n9), respectively. Reduced SCD1 activity is associated with of Guelph. improved insulin sensitivity and decreased body weight; however, the Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews were utilized to collect data from extent to which reduced SCD1 activity can influence TG synthesis and 40 participants (20 nutrition and 20 non-nutrition students). Interview metabolic pathways throughout adipogenesis remains relatively questions examined perceptions towards causes, treatment and prevention unexplored. Our goal was to delineate how reduced SCD1 activity affects of obesity, fitness versus fatness, and the presence of obesity and weight adipocyte metabolism in differentiating adipocytes. bias information in university curriculum. Questionnaires were used to METHODS: Murine 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were treated with a SCD1- collect quantitative data on explicit and implicit weight bias attitudes. specific inhibitor (10nM) throughout differentiation. Gene expression, Participants completed the Short protein content, and lipid profiles were examined using microarrays, Form Fat Phobia Scale and Implicit Association Tests. Western blotting, and gas chromatography, respectively. Results: This presentation will focus on the qualitative data from the RESULTS: SCD1 inhibition had distinct effects within various lipid nutrition students regarding perceived causes of obesity. Thematic analysis fractions in differentiated pre-adipocytes, and total TG content was identified various themes for adult obesity: unhealthy diet, sedentary progressively reduced throughout differentiation. FA and gene expression behaviours, biological influences, time and financial constraints, domestic profiling also demonstrated significant increases in Elongase 6 (ELOVL6) roles, and societal influences. Themes that emerged for childhood obesity expression and estimated activity, alongside numerous changes in gene included sedentary behaviours, parental influences, school environment, expression that could be contributing to the reduction in total TG. and marketing of food. CONCLUSION: We have shown that reduced SCD1 activity during Conclusions: This study advances our understanding of perceptions and adipogenesis causes a myriad of changes in gene expression and protein weight bias attitudes towards obesity among senior-level nutrition students. function that underlie adaptations in adipocyte lipid metabolism. The findings highlight the perceived causes of adult and childhood Furthermore, these results support the notion that modifying SCD1 obesity, offer suggestions for future treatment and prevention, explore the activity in adipocytes may assist in preventing obesity-related complications relationship of fitness and obesity, and provide insight on the influence of associated with the accumulation of TG. university curriculum on weight bias attitudes.
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41-OR: The association between leptin, total peptide YY and resting 42-OR: Serum metabolomics and adipose tissue gene expression profiling energy expenditure before and after a weight loss intervention reveal that amino acid homeostasis reflects insulin sensitivity in J. McNeil1, A. Schwartz2, R. Rabasa-Lhoret3,4,5, JM. Lavoi3,6, M. Brochu7,8, É. metabolically healthy obese individuals. Doucet1 F. Badoud1, K.P. Lam2, A. Dibattista2, M. Perreault1, M.A. Zulyniak1, B. 1Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics University of Cattrysse1, S. Stephenson3, P. Britz-Mckibbin2, D.M. Mutch1 Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of 1University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2McMaster University, Hamilton, Medicine, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 3Guelph Family Health Team, Guelph, Ontario, Canada Ontario, Canada, 3Département de Nutrition, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, 4Institut de Recherches Cliniques de 5 Aim: A subgroup of obese individuals, referred to as metabolically healthy Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada, Service d'endocrinologie, Centre obese (MHO), have preserved insulin sensitivity and a normal lipid profile hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada, 6Départment of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, despite being obese. The basis for this improved cardiometabolic profile 7Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, remains unclear. Our objective was to integrate metabolite and gene Québec, Canada, 8Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, expression profiling to generate new knowledge regarding the molecular University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada distinctions between MHO and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) phenotypes. Methods: Thirty individuals were selected from the Diabetes Background: In addition to fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM), leptin Risk Assessment study and classified into three groups using may be responsible for the greater than predicted reduction in resting anthropometric and clinical measurements: lean healthy (LH), MHO, and energy expenditure (REE) during weight loss. It is unclear whether peptide MUO. Serum metabolites were profiled using gas chromatography-mass YY has any impact on variations of REE during weight loss. The purpose spectrometry. Multivariate data analysis uncovered metabolites that of this study was to examine the relationships between leptin, peptide YY differed between groups and these were subsequently validated with and body composition with REE before and after weight loss, and whether targeted capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Subcutaneous the changes in leptin and peptide YY are associated with differences in adipose tissue (scAT) gene expression profiling using microarrays was predicted vs. measured REE post-intervention. Methods: Ninety-three performed in parallel for the thirty individuals. Results: Amino acids were overweight/obese post-menopausal women (age=58.1±4.8 years; highlighted as the most relevant class of metabolites distinguishing MHO BMI=32.1±4.3 kg/m²) underwent a 6-month weight loss intervention. from MUO individuals. Serum levels of glutamic acid, valine, and Body composition (DXA), REE (indirect calorimetry), and fasting plasma isoleucine were positively associated (i.e., LH < MHO < MUO) with leptin and total peptide YY were measured before and after the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and intervention. Results: The intervention resulted in significant weight loss, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values, while leucine was only correlated decreases in REE and leptin (P=0.0001), but no changes in peptide YY with HOMA-IR. Glutamine-to-glutamic acid ratio and glycine were (P=0.20). Age, FFM, leptin and peptide YY were the best predictors of inversely correlated (i.e., LH > MHO > MUO) with HbA1c values. baseline REE (R²=0.77; P=0.0001), whereas age, FFM and FM predicted Correspondingly, scAT gene expression profiling revealed that genes the greatest amount of variance in REE post-intervention (R²=0.88; related to branched-chain amino acid catabolism were less down-regulated P=0.0001). Changes in FM and leptin accounted for approximately 27% in MHO individuals compared to MUO individuals. Conclusion: of the variance in delta REE (P=0.0001). Greater predicted vs. measured Metabolite and gene expression profiling in serum and adipose tissue REE was noted post-intervention (P=0.02). However, delta leptin was not from MHO individuals revealed an intermediate amino acid homeostasis a significant predictor of the observed differences between post- compared to LH and MUO individuals. intervention measured and predicted REE (R²=0.00; P=0.93). Conclusion: Delta FM and leptin were strong contributors to the changes in REE. However, delta leptin was not a significant predictor of the observed differences between predicted and measured REE post- intervention.
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43-OR: The Influence of Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate 44-OR: Do currently recommended waist circumference measurement Metabolites on the Relationship between BMI and Cardiometabolic sites match where adults prefer to measure? Health Risk R.E. Brown1, K.L. Canning2, J.L. Kuk1 M. Ranjbar1, M.A. Rotondi1, C.I. Ardern1, J.L. Kuk1 1School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, 1School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Canada BACKGROUND: Waist circumference is associated with health risk BACKGROUND: Little is known about the relationship between independent of BMI. Although health organizations recommend organophosphate (OP) pesticide and health risk in the general public. measuring waist circumference there is no universal measurement OBJECTIVE: To determine whether detectable levels of OP metabolites protocol. OBJECTIVES: To determine a) which waist circumference influence the relationship between BMI and cardiometabolic health. sites are more strongly associated with blood pressure, and b) which waist METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using 2,227 circumference measuring sites adults find easiest and hardest to self- participants ≥20 years of age from the 1999-2008 National Health and measure. METHODS: Participants were 55 normal weight adult males, Nutrition Examination Survey. Urinary concentrations of six types of 30 overweight/obese adult males, 74 normal weight adult females, and 41 dialkyl phosphate (dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate overweight/obese adult females. After blood pressure was taken, (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), diethylphosphate (DEP), participants measured their own waist circumference at 5 common diethylthiophosphate (DETP) and diethydithiophosphate (DEDTP)) measurement sites (iliac crest, umbilicus, midpoint, last rib, and minimal metabolites were dichotomized to those above and below the detection waist). A trained technician measured waist circumference at the same 5 limit. Weighted multiple regression analysis were performed adjusting for sites. RESULTS: There was no association between waist circumference age, sex, ethnicity, income, smoking status, fasting duration, caloric intake and blood pressure in normal weight adults. In overweight/obese males, and creatinine levels. RESULTS: Independent of BMI, individuals with all 5 measurement sites were similarly associated with blood pressure. detectable metabolites had higher diastolic blood pressure (for DMP, Males found the umbilicus the easiest site to measure, and there were no DEP and DEDTP; P<0.05), lower HDL (for DEDTP; P=0.02) and differences between sites for which they found the hardest to measure. In higher triglyceride (for DMDTP; P=0.05) than those below detection. overweight/obese females, only waist circumference at the iliac crest, Contrarily, those with detectable DMTP had better LDL, HDL and total umbilicus, and midpoint were significantly associated with blood pressure. cholesterol, independent of BMI (P<0.05). Obese individuals who had Women found the minimal waist the easiest site to measure, and the iliac detectable DEP (Interaction: P=0.03) and DETP (Interaction: P=0.02) crest and midpoint the hardest sites to measure. CONCLUSIONS: The exhibited lower HDL, while little difference existed between OP most commonly recommended measuring sites (the iliac crest and metabolite detection statuses in overweight participants. Similarly, obese midpoint) are strongly associated with blood pressure in overweight males individuals with detectable DEP had higher triglyceride than those without and females, but may not be the easiest or most intuitive sites to measure. detectable levels, while minimal differences between DEP detection statuses were observed for overweight individuals (Interaction: P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiometabolic health outcome differs depending on the specific OP metabolite being examined, with higher BMIs amplifying health risk.
45-OR: Addressing limitations to Body Mass Index for children: The Healthy Body Scorecard I. Patton1,2, A. McPherson1,2 1Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Objective: This preliminary research aimed to investigate current health screening practices among Canadian health care practitioners working with children both with and without disabilities, as well obtain expert opinion on items to include in the development of an inclusive, user-friendly health screening tool for children that will go beyond BMI measurements. Methods: An online survey of Canadian paediatric health care practitioners was utilized. Quantitative survey data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Qualitative Survey data was analyzed using content analysis. Results: The survey had 250 respondents with a majority being dietitians (54%). Weight was the most common assessment (76%). For disability populations, standardized anthropometric measurements were commonly used (65% for physical and 91% for cognitive disability). However, health care practitioners often felt they were inappropriate for screening children with disabilities. Participants felt that Food frequency and physical activity levels were both important screening information to collect with 95% stating they would be useful. Growth velocity was also viewed as useful screening information to collect(84%). Food environment items such as food availability (79%) were also highlighted as useful. Conclusion: The practitioners had varying views on what should be included in the Healthy Body Scorecard, but placed heavy focus on collecting nutritional and behavioral information. Importance was placed on the food environment and growth velocity. Results suggest that there is a need for an inclusive health screening tool in paediatric health care that would be appropriate for children with and without disability.
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46-OR: Addressing Childhood and Youth Obesity in the Primary Care 47-OR: Opening up understanding: Mapping the zigzag of healthy living Setting: Are We Meeting the Challenge? for Women. A Proposed PhD Study M. Orava1, A. Parbtani2 H. Conradson1 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University 1University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Family Medicine Teaching Unit, Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, Ontario, Canada My proposed research study involves a post-humanist qualitative research design; a philosophical interpretive approach guided by the philosophical CONTEXT: Childhood obesity is a significant risk factor for multiple works of Deleuze and Guattari (1987) and Schrag (1997). The research chronic diseases in the adulthood. It is estimated that 1.6 million children aim is twofold: (a) to expose the complexity of factors that contribute to (32%) in Canada are either obese or overweight. Data from NIH (U.S) women being and becoming overweight, and (b) to reveal ways/practices suggests that primary care physicians do not regularly assess childhood that support and sustain change toward health. I anticipate purposive obesity, despite specific guidelines. We suspect similar paucity of care in sampling with selection criteria as women, over 20 years of age, who self- the Canadian primary care practices. RATIONALE: The gravity of report being overweight and who claim to be dissatisfied with their current childhood obesity and suggested lack of systematic assessment for this weight; and, who have a body mass index over 25 and are classified as warranted a study in our community to discern the current childhood stage one or greater (Edmonton obesity staging system). Proposed data obesity assessment pattern. OBJECTIVE: To determine what proportion collection methods would include in-depth qualitative individual interviews of children are assessed for childhood obesity in a sample of community and focus group interviews to understand, individually and interactively, primary care practices. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was women’s complex struggles with weight gain, successes and challenges. conducted in 14 primary care practices for visits of children aged 3-17 The focus of analysis is on not only understanding what is going on in the over a 1-year period. Data collected included number of visits during the lives of women who struggle with weight gain but also on identifying period, whether a body mass index (BMI) was recorded or not and possibilities for change that support and sustain healthy living. This whether any interventions related to the BMI value were implemented. research also seeks to understand how nurses could intervene to promote Data was assessed using z-statistics and χ2 analysis. RESULTS: In total women’s health and ’recovery’.I conceptualize women’s health and 406 children/youths between 3-17 years were registered to these practices. understandings of self, body, and eating as praxis-oriented and historically, 28% of these children (p<0.001) were never seen during the one-year socially and discursively constituted. Schrag (1997) offers a philosophical study period. Of those seen, only 42% (124/293) had a BMI recorded framework for guiding exploration and analysis of participants’ (p<0.001), suggesting that overall 69% of the total children in the practice understandings of weight gain and the effects on an emerging sense of self. did not have any obesity assessment. Of those with a measured BMI The framework will be used to structure interview questions, guide (n=124), 49 (39%) were overweight or obese. However, a management conversations with women, and focus analysis of conversations on strategy was indicated in only 21 of these children/youths (p<0.001). processes of self-understanding as portrayed through the Self in Discourse, CONCLUSIONS: Despite guidelines which reinforce the importance of the Self in Action, the Self in Community, and the Self in Transcendence. biometric measurements of obesity, primary care physicians are not To further nuance analysis of participant interviews, Deleuze and Guattari regularly assessing for childhood obesity. In this study, a large proportion (1987) provide a reflexive method for analyzing conversations. This of children (69%) were either not seen at all or did not have any BMI method “maps” all seemingly unrelated events that are being studied and assessment. Even when the obesity or overweight class was identified, a connects all objects and forces that relate to the event. Conversations are management strategy was considered in less than half of these subjects. analyzed for unanticipated departures or ‘lines of flight’ that expose forces This indicates a significant care gap in the management of that elude our awareness and may have the power to change or alter childhood/youth obesity and warrants appropriate educational programs. reality. Ultimately, analysis aims to make new ways of ‘becoming’ visible. Perhaps a formal public health/primary care partnership is required to This proposed posthumanist qualitative research study aims to be deal with this major determinant of health. transformative, revealing new possibilities for women’s health, for validation of self and others, and for nursing interventions to promote health. The proposed study is innovative as: (1) it offers a post-humanist qualitative approach to explore and interpret women’s struggles with dieting and weight gain and to analyze the effects on healthy living in relation to self, body, and eating, (2) it focuses on re-conceptualizing understandings of weight gain as historically, socially and discursively constituted; and (3) it is a critical approach that looks to question the status quo and illuminate alternate ways of understanding women’s struggles with weight gain and alternate ways to promote health. New understandings may support current momentum and open new ideas to support women who wish to achieve and maintain a health-giving relationship with their body.
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48-OR: Association between Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and 49-OR: Obesity and fragility fractures: Which estimators of body size and Health-Related Quality of Life in Canadian Adults body composition are most strongly related to impact characteristics A. Cohen1, J. Baker1, C.I. Ardern1 during falls to the hip? 1York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada I.C. Levine1, P.K. Nouri1, S. Bhan1, M. Mourtzakis1, A.C. Laing1 1University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Background: Physical inactivity and obesity are major modifiable risk factors for chronic disease. Obesity is also associated with significant Fall-related injuries are associated with underweight females, but recent impairments in health related quality of life (HRQL), whereas physical population-based studies have found positive associations between high activity (PA) is a promoter of HRQL. BMI and fragility fractures. Mechanistically, little is known about how the Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of body mass composition and distribution of soft tissue surrounding the pelvis affect index (BMI) and PA on HRQL in younger (30-59y) and older (60-80+y) applied loads and impact characteristics during falls. We explored the Canadian adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data of 48,041 participants (≥ interrelationship between and effects of forty-three elements of body 30y) were examined from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey. composition and bone quality on impact characteristics during falls to the HRQL was measured using the Health Utilities Index (HUI) which hip. describes an individual’s functional health status using eight basic Nineteen university-aged females underwent pelvis release trials, which attributes: vision, hearing, speech, ambulation, dexterity, emotion, involved the lateral aspect of the hip impacting a force plate. Time-varying cognition and pain. Level of PA was assessed using the Physical Activity force (AMTI, Watertown, MA), deflection (NDI, Waterloo, ON) and Index (PAI: kcal/kg/day). BMI was calculated as weight (kg) per height pressure distribution (RS Scan, Olen, Belgium) were acquired. Measures (m2). All measures were self-reported. To assess the inter-relationship of global body composition, pelvis local body composition, and bone between BMI, PA, and age on HRQL, general linear models were used. quality were measured via DXA (Hologic, Bedford, MA), ultrasound Results: In general, inactive individuals with a higher BMI reported lower (SonoSite, Bothell, WA), and easily accessible measures such as surface HRQL (p <.0001), an effect that became more pronounced with age anatomy and skinfolds. Peak force was positively correlated (p<0.01) with (younger: µ=0.76±0.03, older µ=0.65±0.05, body mass, effective mass, hip circumference, femur BMD, leg length and p <.0001 ). Regardless of age, active individuals who were normal weight, pelvis width. Peak deflection and contact area were positively correlated overweight, and obese reported higher HRQL scores. Underweight older with trochanteric soft tissue thickness (STT) and indices of adiposity. A adults reported lower HRQL scores. negative relationship (p<0.05) was also found between peak pressure and Conclusion: Independent of age and BMI, PA was associated with higher STT. Estimates of total body size and leanness appear to be related to HRQL in younger adults. In the older adults, both BMI and PA peak force, while estimates of soft tissue quantity and adiposity appear to influenced HRQL. Further longitudinal research is necessary to be associated with load distribution during impact. Correlations were understand trajectories of weight gain and PA on specific domains of strongest between local body composition and impact characteristics. HRQL. These results point towards the importance of the assessment of both body size and composition in biomechanical fall research.
50-OR: Exploring Perceptions of Barriers, Facilitators, and Motivators to 51-OR: Bariatric Surgery for Individuals with Intellectual Disability: A Physical Activity among Female Bariatric Patients Scoping Review A. Dikareva1, W.J. Harvey1, M.A. Cicchillitti1, S.J. Bartlett1, R.E. E. Gibbons1 and A. Casey1 Andersen1 1St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia Canada 1McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada Research suggests that the prevalence of obesity and extreme obesity is Canadian women are twice as likely to be severely obese compared to much higher amongst individuals with intellectual disability (ID) than men, are more likely to be physically inactive, and comprise the majority amongst individuals without ID. This is especially true for adults, women, of patients undergoing bariatric treatment for severe obesity. Physical residents of group homes and individuals with genetic disorders such as activity (PA) is one of the strongest predictors of successful long-term Down syndrome. High rates of obesity amongst individuals with ID may weight management and is a recommended adjunct to bariatric surgery. be partially due to limited ability to follow and comprehend current However, patients often do not increase levels of PA following surgery and nutritional guidelines and limited opportunities to participate in physical inactivity among severely obese women remains poorly community-based physical activity. Bariatric (weight loss) surgery offers the understood. Twelve women (47±9 years of age), who had undergone possibility of reducing obesity related health concerns that are particularly bariatric surgery in the last two years, were interviewed to explore high in this population by promoting sustained weight loss and providing perceptions of barriers and facilitators to PA. Thematic analysis resulted in support to alternative methods. Yet no study has reviewed the feasibility of development of three key, interrelated themes: the physical body, conducting bariatric surgery on individuals with disability who display appraisal of the physical and social self, and the exercise environment. delays in cognitive function. The purpose of this study will be to conduct a Barriers to PA included weight-restricted mobility, side effects of surgery, scoping review, frequently used in disability research, to provide a rapid body dissatisfaction, compromised psychological health, competing synthesis of literature on bariatric surgery and ID. Researchers will search responsibilities, a lack of exercise self-efficacy and social support, reduced electronic databases including PubMED, EMBASE and MedLine and access to accommodating facilities, lack of exercise knowledge, as well as evaluate extracted articles independently by adhering to guidelines for northern climate. Participants reported post-surgical weight loss, weight scoping reviews. The outcomes from this study will hopefully provide and health maintenance, enjoyment, body image, supportive active greater clarity as to the possibility of carrying out bariatric surgery on relationships, as well as access to accommodating facilities and exercise vulnerable populations with ID and provide a framework for further knowledge as facilitators and motivators for adoption and maintenance of clinical intervention studies and research in this area. PA. Suggested appropriate PA counselling strategies and programming for healthcare providers and exercise professionals working with this unique population are discussed. PA promotion initiatives can also benefit from a cultural paradigm shift away from weight-based health promotion and representations of health. Keywords: physical activity; barriers; facilitators; women; severe obesity; weight loss surgery
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52-OR: Short-term changes in micronutrients and related parameters following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy MR Pedersen1, L. Twells1, D. Gregory1, C.S. Kovacs1 1Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
Background: Micronutrient abnormalities have been observed following bariatric surgeries. However, evidence on changes in micronutrients following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is limited. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the status of micronutrients and related parameters in patients pre- and post-LSG. Methods: Laboratory measurements of the following micronutrients and related parameters; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), PTH, calcium, vitamin B12, ferritin, hemoglobin and mean cell volume, were assessed in 71 patients at baseline and re-evaluated at 3 and 6 months post-LSG. Results: At baseline 41 patients (57.7 %) presented with biochemical abnormalities, and there was a non-significant decrease to 52.1 % and 42.3 % at 3 and 6 months post-LSG, respectively. The most common abnormality pre-LSG was low 25-OH-D, (20 %). A mean weight loss from 134.54 ± 23.73 kg at baseline to 104.18 ± 19.08 kg post-LSG was observed (p-value < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the majority of the parameters post-LSG. A significant reduction in the proportion of patients with low 25-OH-D was observed, from 20 % at baseline to 1.9 % at the 6-month follow-up. Multivariate analysis suggested that time since surgery and amount of weight loss predicted a greater increase in 25-OH- D. In addition, there was an increase in the use of multivitamins containing vitamin D from 42.3 % pre-LSG to 85.9 % post-LSG (p-value < 0.01). Conclusion: Patients experienced an improvement in 25-OH-D post-LSG. The improvement in 25-OH-D may be attributed to the amount of weight loss over time and the increased use of multivitamins post-operatively.
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Poster Session A - Abstracts 1A: Hatha yoga and cognition: A review 2A: The effects of acute aerobic activity on cognition and cross-domain K. Luu1, P. Hall2 transfer to eating behavior 1School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, C. Lowe1, C. Vincent1, K. Luu1, P. Hall2 Ontario, Canada, 2Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, 1School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Ontario, Canada, 2Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Aim: Prior studies have demonstrated that both chronic and acute bouts of aerobic activity enhances executive function (EF); a set of higher order Prior studies have demonstrated that a single session of aerobic exercise cognitive abilities that enable “top-down” control of behavior. However, can enhance cognitive functioning; specifically, the inhibition facet of there is currently a limited amount of research examining the effects of executive function (EF). In addition, prior research has reported that there Hatha yoga on EF. The purpose of this review is to examine the effects of is positive association between EF and dietary self-control. However, it is Hatha yoga on cognition and EF. currently unknown whether acute exercise can facilitate dietary self-control Methods: MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases were used to via EF enhancement, either directly (moderating the amount of food review the empirical literature pertaining to the effects of Hatha yoga on consumed) or indirectly (moderating type of food consumed). Thirty four cognition and EF. undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of three exercise Results: Twenty-eight studies were included in this review. The few conditions: (1) minimal exercise; (2) moderate intensity exercise (30% observational studies suggest stronger scores on EF measures in trained heart rate reserve); (3) vigorous intensity exercise (50% heart rate reserve). Hatha yoga practitioners versus Hatha yoga naïve (inexperienced) Following the acute bout of aerobic activity, participants completed three individuals. The majority of experimental studies reveal improvements in standardized EF tasks, and a bogus taste test for three appetitive snack cognition and EF following Hatha yoga training in both healthy and special foods(milk chocolate and potato chips) and two control foods (dark populations. chocolate and crackers). The results revealed a significant main effect of Conclusion: Hatha yoga training is associated with improvements in treatment condition on EF (F(2,31)=5.017, p=.013), such that cognition and EF. From a public health perspective, this review provides a performance on the Stroop task was significantly better following an acute theoretical basis for incorporating Hatha yoga interventions into obesity bout of moderate aerobic exercise as compared to the minimal exercise prevention and treatment efforts, as EF strength is positively correlated condition (p=.004), and marginally better following a bout of vigorous with healthy behaviors protective of obesity such as dietary self-control and exercise (p=.059). Findings with respect to food consumption revealed that exercise adherence. EF moderated the treatment effect, such that those with larger exercise effects on Stroop performance in the moderate intensity exercise condition consumed more control foods (but not less appetitive foods; β=- .459,t=-2.100,p=.045). These findings support the contention that a single 3A : Feasibility and impact of a school sports program on the bout of aerobic exercise enhances EF, and may have transfer effects to the physical activity and fitness of youth in a remote northern Ontario dietary domain, but that such effects may be indirect in nature. First Nation M. Gates1, A. Gates1, F. Andrew2, J. Stephen2, R. Hanning1, L. Tsuji3 4A: Sleep quantity and quality: Examination of potential cross- sectional 1University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2St. Andrew’s School, and longitudinal associations with body mass index in young adults 3 Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada A.J. Filion1, G. Darlington1, J.P. Chaput2, M. Ybarra3, J. Haines1 1University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 3Center for Innovative Public Health Research, San Clemente, Objective: This case study examined the impact and feasibility of a school California, United States sports program in a remote subarctic First Nations (FN) community. Methods: School staff initiated the program, which ran throughout the Purpose: Few studies have examined the relationship between sleep and 2012-13 school year. Anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference, adiposity exclusively among young adults. Of those studies, only measures body fat %), fitness (shuttle run, sit and reach, handgrip dynamometry, of sleep quantity were assessed. Our objective was to explore cross- curlups, blood pressure) and physical activity (PA; accelerometry) data sectional and longitudinal associations between sleep quantity, quality and were collected at baseline (n=77, 40.3% female, mean age 12.1+/-1.1y) and variability and BMI among a national sample of American young adults at the end (n=84, 42.9% female, mean age 12.7+/-1.0 y) of the school year. who were trying to quit smoking. Methods: Baseline and 12-week follow- Interviews with the sports coordinator (n=1) and focus groups with youth up data were collected from 96 young adults (mean age = 21.9 years; mean (n=11 pre, n=8 post) and staff (n=5 pre and post) provided rich qualitative BMI = 25.4 kg/m2) participating in a smoking cessation intervention. data. Quantitative changes were tested via chi-square (categorical) and t- Sleep quantity was assessed separately for work/school nights, and non- tests (continuous) (SPSS, v.21, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY); work/non-school nights. Sleep variability was calculated by subtracting qualitative data were analyzed inductively for themes. quantity on work/school nights from quantity on non-work/non-school Results: In September, 62.5% of youth were overweight or obese, 50.9% nights. Sleep quality was assessed using items adapted from valid and experienced abdominal adiposity and 20.9% had a body fat % in excess of reliable measures. BMI was calculated using self-reported height and CDC standards. By June, muscular strength (53.1+/-10.9 to 61.6+/-12.5 kg, weight. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations p<0.001) and flexibility (25.9+/-9.0 to 29.3+/-7.4 cm, p=0.023) of youth between baseline sleep quantity, quality and variability and baseline BMI had improved; maximal aerobic capacity increased in girls (32.9+/-5.2 to in the cross-sectional models, and change in sleep quantity, quality and 39.9+/-8.4 ml/kg/min, p=0.011). Youth were quite active, 82.5% variability and follow-up BMI in the longitudinal models. Results: In the accumulated ≥60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA/day post-program unadjusted cross-sectional model, sleep quantity on non-work/school (n=41). Anthropometry did not change significantly. The program was nights was significantly associated with BMI (p=0.05). However, this generally well received; recommendations for the future included having a association was no longer significant after adjustment for physical activity, greater variety of activities and activities specifically for girls. cigarettes smoked per day, sex, education and race. No significant cross- Conclusion: An after-school sports program improved some aspects of sectional or longitudinal associations were observed for any of the other fitness in FN youth but did not affect anthropometry (more time or sleep measures. Conclusion: After adjustment for covariates, no significant intensity may be needed). The program was received with enthusiasm and associations between any of the sleep measures and BMI were found. deemed sustainable. Future research should focus on larger samples of young adults (including non-smokers) and longer follow-up periods.
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5A: Is there a safe dose for the therapeutic vitamin D 6A : Long Term Effects of Bariatric Surgery and Physical Activity Level on supplementation for post-surgical bariatric clients? Sarcopenic Obesity S. Chandra1, R. Tzianetas1 L.J. Hintze1, A. dos Santos Cremon1, D.F. da Silva1, J.A.A. Bianchinni1, J. 1Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada McNeil2, N. Nardo Junior1 1Multiprofessional Centre of Obesity Studies, Physical Education Department, State Background: Obesity has become an increasing health problem in University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil, 2Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School Canada. Bariatric surgery such as Rous-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGP) is of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. currently used as a surgical treatment for individuals who are morbidly obese. Research indicates that there is an inverse association between Background: Aging is typically the major cause of Sarcopenic obesity (SO); serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [(25-OH)D] levels and body mass index however, other factors may play a role (e.g., sedentary lifestyle and nutritional (BMI), such that obesity increases the risk of deficiency. The exact deficiency). However, there are few studies that have investigated the possible mechanism of this is unknown. One possible explanation is adipose relationship between bariatric surgery (BS) and SO. Considering that BS tissue sequestration leading to decreased bioavailability. However, promotes a drastic reduction in food intake as well as protein and vitamin D deficiency may be exacerbated by this procedure by gastric micronutrient absorptions, which are risk factors for the development of SO, reduction, intestinal bypass, and reduced caloric intake. Evidence will we hypothesized that the prevalence of SO in patients who underwent BS is help to identify best practice for optimizing vitamin D higher than those who did not; and individuals operated with longer intervals supplementation and preventing adverse events for post-bariatric of time will present a higher prevalence of SO. Methods: Ninety-one subjects patients. were divided into two groups: those who underwent BS (n = 50; age 50,48 Objective: To determine if there is a recommended dosage and ±11,54 years; BMI 33,63 ±5,40 kg/m2) and a non-operated control (n = 41; duration of vitamin D supplementation to prevent adverse events in age 49,81 ±11,38; BMI 33,18 ±5,69) group. The operated group was post-surgical bariatric patients. categorized into: a) operated between 36-96 months, and b) operated for more Methodology: Four databases are being reviewed for potential articles than 97 months prior to testing. Anthropometric variables (scale and (1990 to present): PubMed, Medline, Embase, CINHAL and Web of stadiometer), body composition (DXA), and physical activity level (PAL) Science. Two independent researchers are in the processing of (questionnaire) at leisure time were measured. Results: Patients operated over assessing all articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Kappa 97 months prior to testing were 1.28 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.51, SD 0.108) more scores will be calculated. likely to have SO compared to the group operated between 36-96 months Results are pending upon completion of the systematic review. prior to testing. PAL and groups (control vs operated) were not associated with SO. Conclusion: BS and the amount of time following procedure is an additional factor which should be taken into consideration when assessing the prevalence of SO.
7A: Receptivity to bariatric surgery in obese patients 8A: Does the Context of Physical Activity influence Physical Activity levels in M. Fung1, S. Wharton2, J. Kuk1 Canadian Children aged 6-11 Years? 1York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Wharton Medical Clinic, T. Jason1, D. Rainham2, K.R. McGannon3, M. Stone4, C. Blanchard5 Toronto, Ontario, Canada 1Interdisciplinary PhD Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 3School of BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery has been shown to be an effective Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, 4School of Health intervention for weight loss and diabetes management. Despite this, and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, many patients qualified for bariatric surgery decide against the 5Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada procedure. OBJECTIVES: to determine the factors influencing the decision Objective: The prevalence of obesity among children aged 6-11 years has regarding bariatric surgery among those who qualify for the increased significantly over the last thirty years. There is strong evidence that procedure. regular physical activity (PA) can lower the risk of obesity and related METHODS: patients of the Wharton Medical Clinic who qualified morbidities. However, the context of PA may influence children’s PA levels. for bariatric surgery completed a questionnaire between February and Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether children’s PA December 2013. measured objectively using activity monitors depends on contextual RESULTS: A total of 222 patients (70% female and 30% male) information regarding PA measured by the Canadian Health Measures Survey completed the questionnaire. The median age was 47 years (range: 21- (CHMS). Methods: This study included a sample of 1,076 Canadian children 64). Of all respondents, 63% agreed that surgery would be a last resort aged 6-11 years (mean age=8.6 years; 51% male; mean BMI=18 kg/m2). The and 72% agreed that they had lost weight in the past but could not dependent variable was average daily moderate-to-vigorous PA in minutes keep it off. Only 7% of respondents stated they did not believe surgery (mean=29.5 minutes). The independent predictors were weekly frequency of would work. However, only 22% were interested in undergoing PA during free time at school, weekly frequency of PA during organized class bariatric surgery. Individuals interested in bariatric surgery had a time at school, weekly frequency of PA in organized team sports outside of higher BMI than those not interested (49 ± 6.9 kg/m2 versus 46 ± 6.7 school, and weekly frequency of PA during free play outside of school. kg/m2, P=0.046). Of those not interested in surgery, 44% stated that Results: A multiple regression test with sex, BMI, self-reported health and they did not need surgery to lose weight. nutrition as covariates yielded a non-significant R of 0.23, F (13,334) = 1.43, CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of respondents agreed that p=.14. In the context of the model, frequency of PA during class time at they were unable to maintain significant weight loss in the past, this school (β = -0.12, p<.05) significantly predicted average daily minutes of was not reflected by the number of patients interested in bariatric moderate-to-vigorous PA. Conclusion: In summary, more frequent class time surgery. The belief that weight loss is achievable without surgery may PA at school was associated with less moderate-to-vigorous PA. To maximize be preventing most patients from considering bariatric surgery. PA and related health benefits, less organized PA during school time may need to be promoted in children aged 6-11 years.
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9A: The Influence of Parental Encouragement on Physical Activity 10A : Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 supplementation Behaviours of High School Females at Risk of Physical Inactivity on appetite sensations, energy intake and eating behaviors in obese men K. Mageto1, A. Vlasic1, S. Santarossa1, S.J. Woodruff1 and women 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada M. Sanchez1, V. Drapeau1, A. Marette1, J. Doré1, A. Tremblay1 1Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada Objective: Establishing patterns of behaviour in childhood and adolescence is important for immediate health benefits and the Objective: This study investigated the impact of a Lactobacillus rhamnosus development of healthy behaviours in the future. Certain factors, such as, CGMCC1.3724 (LPR) supplementation on appetite sensations, energy the lack of parental support and encouragement have been identified as intake and eating behaviors in obese men (n=45) and women (n=60) over barriers in nurturing physical activity behaviour (Dwyer et al., 2006). The a 12-week weight loss (Phase 1) and a 12-week weight maintenance (Phase purpose of this study was to examine the influence of parental 2) program. Design: In a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled encouragement on community sport involvement, school sport trial, each subject consumed two capsules per day of either a placebo (310 involvement, non-traditional sports participation, physical activity attitudes, mg of maltodextrin) or a probiotic formulation (10 mg of LPR equivalent and the likeability of being physical active among high school females at to 1.6 108 CFU/capsule, 210 mg of oligofructose and 90 mg of inulin). risk of physical inactivity. Method: Body composition and all other variables were assessed at Methods: A paper-based survey was administered to 137 females in grades baseline, at 12 weeks and at 24 weeks. Visual analogue scales before and 10-12 at risk of physical inactivity, as identified by their teachers in 20 after meals were used to measure appetite sensations whereas a buffet-type schools. Students were asked to rate their level of parental encouragement, meal and a 3-d dietary record were used to respectively assess measured in four levels: strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly spontaneous and habitual energy and macronutrient intakes. The Three- agree. An ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine the Factor Eating Questionnaire was used to evaluate eating behaviour traits. influence of parental encouragement (dependent variable) on age, Results: Despite a significantly greater weight loss in LPR treated women ethnicity (white vs. other), school sport participation, community sport than in placebo women, there was no difference in fasting appetite participation, non-traditional sports participation, attitudes toward physical sensations and energy intake between the two groups. However, satiety activity, and the likeability of being physically active. efficiency at lunch increased (p=0.02) and disinhibition and hunger scores Results: 91% of females responded that they agree/strongly agree that their decreased (p=0.05) more in LPR treated women than in placebo treated parents encouraged them to be physically active. Participants were more women during the entire program. In men, the cognitive restraint score likely to have higher parental encouragement if they had higher (vs. lower) increased less (p=0.01) after weight loss in the LPR vs. placebo group positive attitudes towards physical activity (OR=1.39 (95%CI: 120, 161), during Phase 1 and 2. Moreover, a significant increase in fasting fullness p<0001). levels was observed (p=0.02) after Phase 2 in the LPR vs. placebo treated Conclusion: In conclusion, parental encouragement is important in men. Conclusion: This study shows that the Lactobacillus rhamnosus shaping positive attitudes towards physical activity in high school females at CGMCC1.3724 formulation favorably influences some aspects of appetite risk of physical inactivity. sensations and eating behaviour traits in obese individuals subjected to a This research was supported by Leadership Advancement for Women in weight reduction program. Sport
11A: Presentation Title: Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Patients' Perceptions of their Health and Well-being and Satisfaction with Weight Loss Progress Following Surgery K. Lester1, L.K. Twells1, D.M. Gregory1 1Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
Aim: The aims of this study were: (i) to capture laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) patients' perceptions of their physical, emotional, and psychological health and well-being following surgery (ii) to capture patients' satisfaction with their weight loss progress, and (iii) to identify potential areas to improve post-operative clinical management. Methods: Between September 2012 and March 2014, 12 participants who underwent LSG were interviewed. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for common themes. Results: Key themes identified included: (i) perceived relationship with food; (ii) perception of weight loss progress and its impact on the self; (iii) perceived quality of life (QoL); (iv) perceived benefits for the healthcare system; (v) support systems and interpersonal relationships; (vi) living with uncertainties regarding weight regain, return of comorbidities, and medical coverage of excess skin removal. Participants’ recommendations to improve clinical management included: (i) provision of a psychologist to help patients facing mental challenges (e.g., continued food addictions and emotional eating); (ii) expansion of the bariatric program (e.g., pre-surgical psychological assessment to determine readiness for surgery and preparedness for potential challenges following surgery, establishment of satellite units in other health regions for follow-up care, inclusion of excess skin removal surgery); (iii) more nutritional counselling following surgery; among others. Conclusions: All participants indicated they had no regrets about making the decision to undergo LSG and were generally happy with the amount of weight lost. Although improvements in QoL were reported, participants identified mental challenges that may confront those who undergo LSG.
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Poster Session B - Abstracts
1B: The Diets of School-Aged Aboriginal Youth in Canada: A Review of 2B: The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity in the Literature women with infant children: A meta-analysis A. Gates1, K. Skinner2, M. Gates1 S. Liva1, A. Gesicki1 1University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2Lakehead University, 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada Background: The World Health Organization recommends adults engage Background. The diets of Canada’s Aboriginal populations have in 150 minutes of moderate/vigorous physical activity per week to undergone a relatively rapid transition, such that a greater proportion of decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and related energy is now being consumed via store-bought foods. However, national chronic diseases. Estimates suggest more than half of postnatal women do surveys do not provide a comprehensive picture of diet quality for meet this recommendation and postnatal physical inactivity has been Aboriginal youth as most leave large segments of the population associated with increased risk of long-term obesity. Intervention studies underrepresented. Methods. A review of research published since January designed to increase postnatal physical activity have reported mixed results 2004 related to the diets of Canadian school-aged (6-18 years) Aboriginal and no meta-analysis has examined whether intervention components in (First Nations, Inuit and Métis) youth was undertaken in January 2014, the postnatal population contribute to effectiveness. Purpose: To conduct including Medline, Scopus, ERIC, Web of Science and Google Scholar a meta-analysis of the effects of postnatal physical activity interventions and databases. Studies were summarized based on purpose, design, year, explore whether sample and study characteristics moderate intervention sample population, setting, dietary assessment method and main findings. effectiveness. Methods: I searched a range of electronic databases Results. Twenty-three studies were reviewed, all of which were cross- (including PubMed, Web of Science, and SportDiscus), cross checked sectional in design. Most (n=16) were from Ontario or Quebec, references, and hand-searched major journals between January 1995- investigated the diets of First Nations (n=20) youth and in remote or February 2013. Studies that tested a physical activity intervention in isolated settings (n=17). Nearly all studies used the 24-hour recall to assess postnatal women and provided sufficient information to calculate an effect intake (n=19), of which 89% used a single recall. The findings suggest that size were included. Two coders extracted effect size data and study the diets of Aboriginal youth could be improved; of particular concern are characteristics, including methodological quality. A random effects meta- inadequate intakes of vegetables and fruit, milk and alternatives, fibre, analysis was conducted to assess the overall effect and mixed effects for folate, vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc, calcium and vitamin D, concomitant moderator analyses. Results: The meta-analysis included 14 published with the excess consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, snack and fast trials of 1169 participants. The mean effect size was medium (Cohen’s d = foods. Traditional foods remain important but tend to be consumed 0.60, 95% Credibility Interval, -.54, 1.74). Face-to-face was more effective infrequently. Conclusions. The diets of Canadian Aboriginal youth are than combined intervention delivery. When excluding a possible outlier, energy-dense and nutrient-poor. The diets of Inuit and Métis youth, in interventions of shorter duration and those targeting inactive postnatal particular, and perceptions of a balanced diet warrant further investigation. women were more effective. Conclusion: The mean effect of multi-faceted physical activity interventions may be larger in postnatal women than the 3B: Acceptance of Assistive Technologies for the Self-Management of general adult population and face-to-face may be a more effective Type 2 Diabetes intervention strategy than combined delivery. To develop greater K. Dobson1, P. Hall1 understanding of the effectiveness of postnatal physical activity 1School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, interventions there is a need for researchers to increase consistency in Ontario, Canada physical activity measurement and reporting and theorize around mechanisms by which interventions are effective. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most prevalent chronic diseases in Canada. Nearly 75% of Canadians with diabetes are overweight or obese (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2011). Approximately half of individuals living with T2DM have sub-optimal self-management, including diet, physical activity, and glucose monitoring. To improve self- management, assistive technologies, such as internet and mobile telephone applications, have been developed to aid patients self-manage their T2DM. However, it is unclear whether older individuals living with T2DM are interested in adopting these assistive technologies into their management practices. The purpose of this study is to examine attitudes of adopting assistive technologies into T2DM self-management, as well as demographic factors which may influence this relationship. In the current study, 23 participants (73% obese, 18% overweight) have been recruited from diabetes education classes focusing on healthy lifestyles, physical activity, and balanced nutrition in the Waterloo-Wellington Region. Participants completed a self-reported survey regarding their demographic characteristics, current diabetes management, current technology use, and attitudes towards using assistive technologies to help manage their diabetes. Thus far preliminary results indicate approximately 62% of participants perceive using the internet to help self-manage their T2DM a good idea compared to smartphone applications (46% of participants). This study will be completed by April 2014 and results will suggest if this population is interested in using technology for self-management; demographic and health characteristics of those most interested; and what management strategies are found to be most beneficial.
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4B: Clinical pediatric weight loss program results in modest obesity 5B: Predictors of early attrition in patients attending an obesity- reduction. management program K.J. Carlton1, G Berall2, C.I. Ardern1, M.A. Rotondi1, J.L. Kuk1 D. Jiandani1, S. Wharton2, J. L. Kuk1 1School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, 1York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Wharton Medical Clinic, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Norman Bethune College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Ontario, Canada 2The Infant Child and Adolescent Nutrition (ICAN) Clinic, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Background: High attrition rates are commonly seen in clinical weight loss programs. Our objective is to determine predictors of early dropouts in an Objective: To determine if a pediatric weight loss clinic is effective in obesity-management program. Methods: 9087 patients attending The decreasing the BMI percentile of overweight and obese patients. Wharton Medical Clinic were analyzed and predictors of early attrition Design and Methods: A retrospective chart pull of patients, ages 4-16 years were evaluated. Results: Overall, 1028 (11.3%) patients stopped treatment old, from 2006 to 2009 was performed from a medically supervised after one visit and 6010 (66.1%) stopped treatment before 6 months. Only nutrition clinic (n=121). Patients received monthly visits and were 516 (5.7%) achieved weight loss of greater than 5% [8.0 ±3.3% versus educated on the cognitive behavioural and nutritional aspects of weight 1.0±2.4% body weight loss; P<0.001]. Patients who discontinued treatment loss. Information including gender, date of birth, initial/final height and prior to 6 months and achieved greater than 5% weight loss were older weight, number of follow-ups and medical history was recorded. Body (49.4±12.7 years versus 46.9± 12.9 years), were more likely to be female mass index (BMI) percentiles were calculated using the Centers for (76.2 versus 70.1%, P=0.002), were white [4489 (90.3%); P=0.001] and Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cut-offs. were smokers [936 (93.9%); P=0.0015] compared to those with 5% weight Results: The sample included 51 male and 70 female patients with a mean loss [516 (8.6%)]. 2669 (90.9%) patients without 5% weight loss had initial visit age of 11.6±3.0 years. Generally, patients had 5.9±6.5 follow- college education or greater compared to those with 5% weight loss [267 ups, with an average treatment time of 13.7±15.5 months and 9 (7.4%) (9.1%)]. Weight loss was positively associated with age and initial BMI in patients discontinuing treatment after their initial visit. During treatment, those who ceased treatment prior to 6 months. Conclusion: Preliminary patients had a mean weight gain of 3.8±9.5kg, but a mean reduction in data seems to suggest that the majority of the individuals drop out before BMI percentile (-1.2%). Post-treatment, the prevalence of obesity six months are not able to achieve clinically significant weight loss. Our decreased from 96.7% to 87.5% with 12 (10.7%) patients attaining analysis revealed that early dropouts that achieved less than 5% weight loss overweight status and 2 (1.8%) patients attaining normal weight status. were younger, more likely to be female and were smokers. These findings Gender, initial treatment age and medical conditions were not found to may be important as a better understanding of factors influencing early significantly alter the relationship between BMI percentile change attrition, may lead to development of more effective programs in the (P>0.05). Conclusions: Overall, patients were able to modestly reduce future their obesity and 10% of patients were able to achieve a non-obese body weight post-treatment. Future research is needed to determine how to further improve these results and the longevity of the effects.
6B: Investigating the Role of Nutritional and Physical Activity Awareness 7B: An evaluation of the Girls in Motion Workshop among high school on Outcomes in Individuals Undertaking Various Weight females at risk of physical inactivity. Management/Loss Strategies S. Santarossa1, A. Vlasic1, K. Mageto1, S.J. Woodruff1 K.Z. Brewster1, A.J. Filion2, K. Walton2, R. Brown3, L. Davis1, A.M. 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada Kluftinger1 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2University of Objective: Founded in 2003, Girls in Motion (GIM) was created to Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 3York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada educate girls about the importance of enjoyable participation in physical activity (PA). This one day workshop promotes physical activities to girls at BACKGROUND: Each year millions of Canadians engage in various risk of physical inactivity and is underlined by the notion of promoting weight loss/management strategies in an attempt to improve their health. what they learned to others. This is the first time an evaluation of GIM However, outcomes from these strategies, ranging from caloric restriction has occurred. to bariatric surgery, are often limited or compromised due to lifestyle Methods: A paper-based survey was administered to 137 females in grades recidivism. The current study sought to investigate whether nutritional and 10-12 at risk of physical inactivity (pre-test) while attending GIM physical activity awareness (knowledge, motivation, and/or choice) was (November 2013). Post-testing occurred 3 months later (January 2014) related to the short and long-term outcomes of various weight and eighty-two pairs could be matched. Variables included PA level, management strategies used by both obese individuals and normal-weight enjoyment, attitudes, self-efficacy, and sedentary behaviours. Leading PA controls. METHOD: 176 participants (126 obese and 50 normal-weight for others, as a result of GIM, was also examined at post-test. Paired t-tests controls) undertaking some form of weight management strategy and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine changes. completed a questionnaire (NPAQ) that assessed demographic Results: Less than 10% of at-risk females achieved ≥60 minutes of information, health profile, and nutritional/physical activity awareness; moderate-to-vigorous PA every day. There were no differences in PA both pre and post intervention (6 months). RESULTS: Results from the levels, enjoyment, attitudes, self-efficacy, or sedentary time between pre- NPAQ revealed that past and present involvement with fad diets and /post-tests. At post-test, 76% (n=61) of females reported promoting PA to unsustainable exercise regimens was associated with decreased nutritional others. Participants were more likely to motivate others if they had greater and physical activity knowledge and motivation. Interestingly, 91% of female encouragement to be physically active (p=0.017), compared to obese participants underestimated and over-consumed the DRI for both parents (p=0.242), or males (p=0.534). carbohydrates and fats, compared to 20% of normal weight controls. Conclusion: While the one day GIM workshop did not increase PA Furthermore, 85% of caloric restriction strategies yielded no significant behaviours or attitudes, results indicate that interventions (such as GIM), changes in weight and nutritional/physical activity awareness. However, the which are female only, may be the best way to help high school females at strategies that did show changes (15%) were correlated with increased risk of PA motivate others to improve their PA behaviour. nutritional knowledge (64%), changes in nutritional motivation (70%), and increased physical activity (81%). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that changes in nutritional and physical activity awareness likely contribute to behaviour change and weight management strategy outcomes. Results also suggest that the NPAQ may be an avenue to further investigate and measure the success and viability of weight management strategies.
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8B: Experiences of the Local Food Environment Among Immigrants in 9B: Overweight and Obesity Rates in Children in Ontario, Canada using the Region of Waterloo Electronic Medical Records P. Rodriguez1 C. Birken1, K. Tu2, W. Oud2, S. Carsley1, M. Hanna3, G. Lebovic4, A. 1University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Guttmann1 1The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Institute for Clinical Immigrants are vulnerable to the inequalities of the food environment. Evaluative Sciences, Ontario, Canada, 3University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Indeed, previous research has noted that immigrants face unique barriers Canada, 4St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada when accessing the local food environment such as language difficulties and cultural food preferences. A lack of access to high quality food can Background: Data from electronic medical records (EMR) may be used to lead to a higher risk of obesity, depression, chronic disease, and morbidity estimate obesity prevalence in children. Objectives: To determine the from poor and unhealthy diets. My purpose is to understand how frequency of height and weight documentation in EMRs in children, and immigrants navigate the local food environment through a holistic describe the prevalence of child overweight and obesity, by age, sex, and framework that can help me understand how the food environment visit type using data from the Electronic Medical Record Administrative impacts eating habits in immigrants. This framework integrates the data Linked Database (EMRALD) database in Ontario, Canada. Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) tool to Methods: We abstracted heights and weights for children 0-19 years of age examine the physical, economic, sociocultural, and political determinants in EMRALD with at least one well-child visit from January 2010 to of the food environment. The objectives of this qualitative study are December 2011. Using the most recent visit, we threefold. First, I will examine the role that the food environment plays in reported the proportion and 95% CIs of subjects defined as overweight, shaping immigrant health. Second, I will examine how recent, mid-term, and obese, by age group and sex, using the WHO growth reference and long-term immigrants navigate the food environment. Third, I will standards. These proportions were compared by visit examine the individual and contextual determinants of the food type. Results: There were 28,083 well-child visits in 7705 children over environment for immigrants. To achieve this, I will recruit immigrants this study period. 84.7% of children who attended well-child visits had living in the Region of Waterloo and will use photovoice, a participatory both a height and weight documented. The prevalence of overweight and action research method. Ultimately I hope that through these findings, obesity, varied by age group from 12 – 32%, and 2-12%, respectively. local food initiatives and policies that acknowledge the needs of Obesity rates were significantly higher in 1-4 year olds compared to immigrants can be supported in the Region of Waterloo. children under 1 (6.1% vs. 2.3%), and in 10-14 compared to 5-9 year olds (12% vs. 9%). Compared to girls, 1-4 (7.2% vs. 4.9%) and 10-14 year old 10B: The COMPASS study: a longitudinal study designed to evaluate boys (14.5% vs. 9.6%) had higher obesity rates. Overweight and obesity changes in programs, policies and the built environment on overweight, rates were lower using data from well-child visits, compared to other visit obesity, and related health behaviours among youth. types. Conclusion: EMR may be useful tools to conduct population-based R.E. Laxer1, S. Leatherdale1 surveillance of child overweight and obesity. Methodological standards are 1School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, needed. Ontario, Canada 11B: Objectively Measured Physical Activity Levels of Preschoolers and Objective: The COMPASS study is designed to integrate research, their Parents evaluation, policy, knowledge translation, and practice within school-based A. Maltby1, P. Tucker2 health promotion and obesity prevention. The purpose of this paper is to 1Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, describe the data collection and novel dissemination methods of the Canada, 2School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, COMPASS study. Methods: COMPASS is a hierarchical and longitudinal Canada research platform for school-based research. The COMPASS Student Questionnaire is used to collect student-level data related to physical Physical activity has numerous physiological and psychological health activity, obesity, healthy eating, sedentary behaviour, substance use, benefits; and yet, many preschool-aged children (2.5-5 years) are bullying and academic achievement. The COMPASS School Policies and insufficiently active. Therefore, it is important that active behaviours are Practices Questionnaire, the COMPASS School Environment Application encouraged during early child development. Parents are considered to and COMPASS Built Environment Data are used to collect the school- significantly influence their young children's participation in physical level program, policy and built environment data. All participating schools activity. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the receive a personalized School Feedback Report with student-level findings relationship between preschoolers' and their parent's objectively measured and access to a knowledge broker to identify priority areas and help physical activity. It is hypothesized that more active parents will foster connect them to relevant prevention resources. Results: To date, 90 more active children. This cross-sectional study will objectively measure purposefully sampled secondary schools (80 in Ontario and 10 in Alberta the preschoolers' and parents' physical activity using Actical accelerometers (Canada)) and over 50,000 students are participating in COMPASS. Over (MiniMitter, Bend, Oregon). These small, lightweight motion sensors will time, COMPASS can fill several knowledge gaps (e.g., the temporal be worn to measure both the preschoolers' and parents' physical activity sequence for the development of overweight/obesity; the effect of levels for 7 consecutive days (5 weekdays and 2 weekend days). Specific translating research into practice through knowledge brokering to effect cut-points will be utilized for the children and parents. Accelerometer- change at the school-level (programs, policies, or built environment derived data for both participants groups will be summed and reflected in resources), thereby influencing overweight/obesity over time; =predicting minutes to establish time spent in various intensity levels. Regression the trajectory of obesity by other outcomes (e.g. substance use)). analyses will be used to determine the relationship between preschoolers' Conclusion: COMPASS is one of the first studies that will provide insight and parents' physical activity levels. Currently, there is minimal research into understanding how school environments and working with a that objectively examines the physical activity levels of preschoolers and knowledge broker can either inhibit or promote obesity-related health their parents. This study will provide insight into how parents influence behaviours over time. their children's activity levels. The implications will be valuable to inform physical activity interventions tailored to families or parents to increase the activity levels of young children.
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12B: The context of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in relation 13B: A mari usque ad mare » the untold story of BMI variation among to psychological distress in Canadian children aged 6-11 years Canadian adults T. Jason1, D. Rainham2, K.R. McGannon3, M. Stone4, C. Blanchard5 N. Dumas1, R. Fratu1, A. Lebel1, P. Lamontagne2 1Interdisciplinary PhD Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung University Canada, 2Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Institute, Québec (Québec), Canada, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada, Canada, 3School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, 2Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec (Québec), Canada Canada, 4School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 5Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Aims: In Canada, most studies indicate an increase in obesity rates while Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada only a few present the opposite. Other studies suggest various rate of increase according to sex and education level. In this study, we describe Objective: Research has indicated that higher levels of sedentary behavior the BMI variation between surveys cycles stratifying by province, sex and (SB) and lower levels of physical activity (PA) can increase psychological education level. distress in children. This relationship may depend on contextual Method: We used all the general cycles of the Canadian Community information related to PA and SB. The purpose of this study was to Health Survey (CCHS) between 2001 and 2012. Our sample included examine the relationship between psychological distress, measured by the individuals living in the ten Canadian provinces aged from 25 to 64 years. strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), and PA and SB measured For each group, we first performed an ordinary least squares (OLS) objectively using activity monitors, as well as contextual information from regression model adjusted for age; then we added the grand mean to the the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). residuals this model. In order to examine the change in the distribution of Methods: This study included a sample of 1,076 Canadian children aged BMI over the time, a quantile-quantile (QQ) plot was constructed by 6-11 years (mean age=8.6 years; 51% male; mean BMI=18 kg/m2). The plotting percentile of BMI from the most recent survey to the baseline. dependent variable was a derived total score on the SDQ. The Results: All groups increased in mean BMI, and BMI values at 95th independent predictors were average daily moderate-to-vigorous PA, percentiles over time. Much larger changes in BMI values were observed average daily sedentary time, frequency of PA during free time or class at the 95th percentile. Several differences were found according to sex, time at school, frequency of PA in team sports or free play outside of education level and provinces. The fastest rise at 95th percentile was school, and frequency of indoor screen time. among adults with the highest education level. Results: A multiple regression test with sex, BMI, income and nutrition as Conclusion: Preliminary results from this descriptive analysis showed the covariates yielded a significant R of 0.28, F (14,333) = 2.08, p<.05. In the Canadian BMI distribution increased differently between women and context of the model, frequency of PA in team sports outside of school (β men, and particularly at 95th percentiles. This suggests that people with a = -0.12, p<.05), frequency of TV watching (β = 0.52, p<.05), and frequency higher BMI may have a faster increase in BMI than other people. The of computer use (β = -0.49, p<.05) significantly predicted SDQ. observed variation may be more important among educated people in Conclusion: Based on these results, children should be encouraged to some provinces. Those results could help Canadian Public Health actors participate in team sports outside of school for healthier psychosocial to promote interventions more adapted. development. In the case of SB, computer use should be promoted over TV watching.
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Poster Session C – Abstracts 1C: The effects of situational cues and executive function on snack food 2C: The Effect of Executive Function on Dietary Behaviors in The consumption among older adults. Presence of External Cues C. Lowe1, C. Vincent2, P. Hall3 B. Tran1, C. Lowe2, P.Hall3 1School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, Ontario, Canada, 2School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of 2University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 3Faculty of Applied Health Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 3Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada The current obesity epidemic warrants investigation of underlying Prior research has demonstrated that there is a positive association mechanisms which contribute to weight gain. Much of human behavior is between executive function (EF) and the consumption of unhealthy foods automatically triggered by external cues, thus tendencies to overeat may be in older adults. However, it is currently unknown what kind of social cues initiated by mere exposure to palatable foods. Exposure to facilitating (facilitating vs. restraining) most strongly influence the expression of EF in social cues increases the salience of activated drive states, which dietary behavior. To examine the potential moderating effect, 43 older consequently increases demand on cognitive resources for overriding adults (Mage=74.81) completed three measures of EF and subsequently various drives. Prior studies have demonstrated that the association participated in a bogus taste test for three highly appetitive (but unhealthy) between EF and dietary self-control is amplified in the presence of snack foods (i.e., milk chocolate, regular potato chips, and flavours potato facilitating textual cues, such that individuals with weaker EF consume chips). In addition, participants were randomly assigned to one of three significantly more food items than those with stronger EF. However, it is taste test instruction conditions: (1) restraint (“eat the bare minimum to currently unknown whether visual versus textual cues differentially make your ratings”);(2) facilitation (“eat as much as you like to make your moderate the relationship between EF and dietary self-control. To test this ratings); (3) control (no specific instructions). The amount of food relationship, a sample of 75 participants will complete three standardized consumed was covertly measured. Results revealed a significant main measures of EF followed by a bogus taste test for highly appetitive, but effect of both restraining and facilitating cues on snack food consumption, unhealthy foods. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three such that those in the restraint condition (M=31.39, SD=18.18) ate visual external cue conditions: (1) facilitating (image of a palatable pizza); significantly less (β=-.427, t=-2.426, p=.021) and those in the facilitation (2) restraining (image of a food pyramid plate); (3) control (blank image). condition (M=73.00, SD=46.05) ate significantly more (β=-.427, t=-2.289, Preliminary results (n=46) revealed a strong negative association between p=.018) than the grand mean (M=53.52, SD=36.57). Furthermore, there EF strength and snack food consumption (ß=-.735, t=-3.753, p=0.003) for was a significant interaction between the treatment effect and Stroop the facilitating cue condition (ß=-.484, t=-3.066, p=0.004), whereas no performance for the facilitation group (β=-.386 t=-2.121, p=.042), such that significant variability in both the restraint(ß=.127, t=1.305, p=0.666) and those with weak EF in the facilitation condition consumed 54% more control (ß=-.337, t=-1.970, p=0.284) conditions was apparent. Given that snack food than those with strong EF. These findings suggest that the the modern environment is saturated with visual facilitating cues, these relationship between EF and snack food consumption in older adults is findings suggest the importance of EF for dietary self-control in an amplified in the presence of facilitating social cues. obesogenic environment.
3C: Oleate causes lipotoxicity in activated human hepatic stellate cells 4C: Relationships between nocturnal blood pressure dipping and A. Hetherington1, E. Zilberman1, A. Stoianov1, C. Sawyez1, N. Borradaile1 anthropometric measures: preliminary results 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, A. Gallant1, A. Thifault2, J.P. Després3, P. Poirier3, I. Lemieux3, C. London, Ontario, Canada Rhéaume3 1Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada, 2Unité de Médecine Familiale Laval, During obesity-associated NAFLD, all cells of the liver, including stellate Québec (Québec), Canada, 3Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Université cells, are exposed to excess fatty acids. In hepatocytes, high concentrations Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada of palmitate induce cell dysfunction and death (lipotoxicity), while oleate is not cytotoxic. Stellate cells, however, normally synthesize and store Introduction: Nocturnal blood pressure is typically 10 - 20% lower than vitamin A (as retinyl palmitate), but become activated and fibrogenic in during the day. A non-dipping blood pressure pattern (<10%) is a risk response to liver injury. Whether activated stellate cells undergo factor for cardiovascular disease. The degree of nocturnal dipping varies lipotoxicity under the same conditions as hepatocytes is unknown. within hypertensive samples. This preliminary study tested if Activated primary human hepatic stellate cells incubated for 48 h with 1.0 anthropometric measures could explain the variability in the degree of mM of either palmitate or oleate complexed to BSA exhibited 4.4-fold nocturnal dipping in hypertensive individuals. Methods: This cross- and 8.5-fold increases in cell death, respectively, compared to cells treated sectional sample included 12 patients (25% female, age: 44 ± 15 yrs, BMI: with BSA alone (p<0.05). Cell death was not observed in cells treated with 28.3 ± 3.6 kg/m2; waist circumference (WC): 103 ± 11 cm; mean 24-h a 2:3 combination of palmitate and oleate (1.0 mM). Neutral lipid systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP): 138/83 mmHg, 5% contents, determined by microscopy and by enzymatic biochemical assays, medicated for hypertension). All patients underwent 24-h ambulatory were increased 4.4-fold and 7.4-fold (p<0.01) in cells treated with blood pressure monitoring and had body weight, height and WC palmitate and oleate, respectively. Consistent with the greater increases in measured. The degree of nocturnal dipping (%) was calculated for both accumulation of neutral lipid and of cytotoxicity observed with oleate, SBP and DBP as the difference between the mean daytime and nocturnal markers of stellate cell activation (smooth muscle alpha actin and value, divided by the mean daytime value. Non-parametric statistics were vimentin) were decreased in cells treated with oleate at 16 h. These used to investigate the relationships between the degree of nocturnal changes in protein expression occurred prior to evidence of cell death, dipping in SBP and DBP and anthropometric measures. Results: Overall, and were not observed in cells treated with either palmitate or a SBP dipped by 15% whereas DBP dipped by 16%. The degree of combination of palmitate and oleate. We conclude that, in contrast to nocturnal dipping in DBP was negatively correlated with BMI in the hepatocytes, oleate is lipotoxic in activated human hepatic stellate cells. It medicated patients only (ρ = 0.90, p= 0.04). Despite elevated correlation remains to be determined whether oleate rich diets are anti-fibrogenic coefficients, WC and BMI were not significantly correlated with the during obesity-associated NAFLD in vivo. degree of nocturnal dipping in unmedicated patients. Conclusions: A high BMI is associated with a lower degree of nocturnal dipping in DBP in individuals medicated for hypertension. A larger sample is needed to confirm these results.
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5C: Does a High-fat Diet Affect Spatial Learning and Memory in Female 6C: Executive function in adults with Type 2 diabetes: A meta-analytic Rodents? review J.L. Robb1, E. Lui1, I. Messa1, D.H. Yeung1, J.G. Mielke1 C. Vincent1, P. Hall2 1School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, 1School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Ontario, Canada, 2Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Epidemiological research has found that individuals with obesity-related metabolic disorders are at higher risk of impairments in spatial learning Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) results largely from excess weight and memory. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this relationship and physical activity. As such, there is high co-morbidity (more than 80%) are still largely unclear. The hippocampus is a brain structure that has between T2DM and obesity. Furthermore, prevention and treatment of been clearly shown to play a role in spatial learning and memory, and T2DM, similar that of overweight/obesity, relies heavily on dietary many behavioural deficits observed in animals fed a high-fat diet have modification and physical activity. Recent evidence suggests a correlation been attributed to changes in hippocampal morphology and function. The between T2DM and impaired cognitive function, including executive present study aims to determine the metabolic and behavioural effects of function. Given the importance of executive function for regulation of an obesogenic diet by randomly assigning female Sprague-Dawley rats to behaviours, and the importance of self-care in diabetes management, either a control, or high-fat diet (45% of calories from saturated fat) for ten attenuated EF would represent a potential barrier to proper disease weeks, and then assessing body weight, glucose tolerance, and spatial management. The objective of this meta-analysis is to examine the extent learning and memory performance (by using the Morris water maze task). to which Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with impairments in Notably, few studies have examined the relationship between executive function (EF). consumption of a high-fat diet and behavioural deficits in female models, Methods: Medline, PsychoInfo, Scopus and published references were so this study will improve our understanding of the sex-specific nature of used to identify articles examining the association between T2DM status metabolic and behavioural deficits that may result from obesity. (case vs. control) and EF impairment. Results from studies were converted to standardized mean differences and compared using random-effects models. Moderator analysis was conducted for age, sex, and diabetes duration using maximum likelihood estimation. Results: Fifty-eight studies (59 articles) of 9651 individuals with T2DM and 66813 controls were included in this analysis. A small but reliable association between T2DM status and EF impairment (d=-0.249, p<0.0001) was observed and remained significant across all aspects of EF examined: verbal fluency, shifting, inhibition, attention, and working memory. This effect was moderated by disease duration and age, but not sex. Conclusion: T2DM is associated with a mild-to-moderate EF impairment. Impairment was stronger among those with shorter disease duration and younger age.
7C: Does a High-Fat Diet Affect Hippocampal Leptin Signaling and 8C: The effect of acute intermittent hypoxia, a simulating model of Neuroinflammation in Female Rats? obstructive sleep apnea, on triglyceride levels in humans D. Yeung1, J.L. Robb1, I. Messa1, J. Mielke1 B. Mahat1, E. Chassé1, S. Ait-Ouali1, J.F. Mauger1, P. Imbeault1 1University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 1Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Emerging evidence suggests that obesity can be linked with mild cognitive impairment. Due to the established role of the hippocampus in the Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a sleep disorder frequently formation of long-term memory, it has often been the focus of work trying observed in individuals with high adiposity levels, consists of repeated, to understand the effects of diet and/or obesity on cognition. During the involuntary breathing suspension during sleep. These events induce rapid pathogenesis of obesity, chronic elevations in the level of leptin, which depletion of blood/tissue oxygen content, a phenomenon known as plays a role in mediating inflammatory cytokine production, can lead to intermittent hypoxia. The most evident health consequence of OSA is a impaired leptin signalling that may shift the production of cytokines ~2-fold increase in cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Despite numerous lines of toward a milieu promoting chronic neuroinflammation and cognitive evidence suggesting an association between OSA and CVD in humans, the dysfunction. As a result, we decided to examine the effects of diet-induced acute effects of intermittent hypoxia on lipid metabolism in humans obesity on hippocampal leptin signalling proteins and biomarkers of remain unknown. neuroinflammation in female rats. At the point of weaning (post-natal day Objectives: Characterize the effects of acute intermittent hypoxia, a 23) animals will be stratified into two feeding conditions: a high fat diet simulating model of OSA, on circulating triglyceride levels in humans. consisting of 40% calories from saturated fat, or a control diet. After a 10 Methods: Using a randomized crossover design, 7 healthy men were week feeding period, a portion of animals will be sacrificed for subjected to 6 h of normoxia (21% oxygen, control session) or intermittent hippocampal protein analysis. Hippocampal tissues will be extracted, hypoxia (pulsed medical nitrogen, simulated OSA session) following the homogenized and subjected to differential filtration and centrifugation to consumption of a liquid meal. Fasting and postprandial triglyceride (TG) enrich synaptic terminal proteins. SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting will levels and plasma lipase activity were measured before and 60, 120, 180, then be used to compare downstream leptin signalling proteins and 240, 300 and 360 min after the meal. inflammatory cytokine expression between the two dietary conditions. We Results: Drops in oxyhemoglobin saturation were induced at a rate of 19.7 hypothesize that hippocampi from obese female rats will exhibit impaired events/h. Postprandial triglyceride levels increased in a comparable and leptin signalling, and, as a result, will also display elevated biomarkers of significant manner in control and simulated OSA sessions (P < 0.001). A neuroinflammation. significant and comparable increase in plasma lipase activity was observed following the meal in both experimental conditions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our simulating model of obstructive sleep apnea used does not negatively affect postprandial triglyceride levels in healthy volunteers.
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9C: Ideology, thin-ideal internalization, and social comparison: An 10C: Role of ghrelin in the control of maternal glucose homeostasis examination of the predictive qualities of weight bias during malnutrition S. Nutter1, S. Russell-Mayhew1 A. Trivedi1, S. Babic2, W. Gibson1, J.P. Chanoine1 1University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 1British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Although an abundant history of research and social action has led to British Columbia, Canada progress in the areas of race and gender bias, weight bias has been given considerably less focus. Given the increasing rates of obesity and the Introduction: Ghrelin is mainly produced by the stomach. It circulates as concurrent increase in the intensity and frequency of weight-based acylated (AG, which stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion) and prejudice, research is needed to elucidate factors associated with the unacylated ghrelin (UAG). Acylation is mediated by ghrelin O- development of weight bias. This research examined the relationship acyltransferase (GOAT). Maintenance of euglycemia during calorie between three social ideologies, thin-ideal internalization, and social restriction (CR) in pregnancy is key for optimal outcome. comparison processes in relation to implicit and explicit weight bias. Hypothesis: Upregulation of GOAT/ghrelin, increased AG and GH Three ideological beliefs of participants were examined via self report concentrations are part of the hormonal response to hypoglycemia during questionnaire: a) Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), b) social dominance CR. orientation (SDO), and c) universal-diverse orientation (UDO). Many Methods: Wild type (WT) and GOAT-KO (KO), pregnant (P) and non- researchers consider SDO and RWA two of the strongest predictors of pregnant (NP) mice were freely-fed (FF) or submitted to 50% CR for 7 many prejudiced attitudes, but these ideologies have not been studied days. In P mice, CR occurred between days 11 to 18 (= sacrifice) of specific to weight bias. Previous researchers have suggested that the pregnancy. Blood glucose (BG), plasma AG, UAG and GH were experience of body dissatisfaction is largely influenced by sociocultural measured by EIA and GOAT/ghrelin expression by RT-PCR. norms for ideal appearance. The media has been largely blamed for Results (Table 1): 1. In WT mice, CR did not affect BG in NP mice but creating and perpetuating this unrealistic standard. Therefore, in addition caused lower BG in P mice. This was associated with higher AG and GH to examining the social ideologies of participants, the study also examined (from placenta) concentrations and lower stomach GOAT and ghrelin the internalization of media messages of the thin-ideal, as well as the ways mRNA. 2. In KO mice, where plasma AG is by definition absent, CR in which individuals socially compare their own appearance to the caused severe hypoglycemia (causing systemic P termination) in P mice appearance of others. In addition to better understanding the factors and lower BG in NP mice. The latter was associated with higher UAG and contributing to weight bias, findings from the research may have lower stomach ghrelin mRNA. implications for preventing discrimination against obese persons, for Conclusion: 1. GOAT-KO mice are more prone to hypoglycemia, training professionals about weight bias, as well as provide important suggesting a role for AG that is independent from GH secretion; 2. The information for consideration when developing and testing anti-bullying AG increase during CR not due to increased stomach production but programs. likely decreased degradation. 3. AG is not necessary for GH production (by the placenta) in P mice. 11C: Obesity trajectories in children born small at birth and the effect of modifiable factors 12C: Student ability to self-evaluate eating habits in comparison to their M. Roy1, P. Wilk1, K. Campbell1 peers 1 1 1University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada A.Secker , S. Down 1Heart Niagara, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada Introduction: Obesity is a disease characterized by excess bodyweight, and is one of the most significant contributors to the burden of disease Heart Niagara’s Healthy Heart Schools’ Program has gathered data from worldwide. There is still more to know about the fetal origins of obesity, 900 fifth grade students in the 2013-2014 school year from across the specifically, the effect of size at birth on childhood obesity risk. Results Niagara region. Student questionnaires, completed at home, as well as in- from previous studies have shown conflicting results and have been class measurements of cholesterol, blood pressure, height, weight, and restricted to associations between size at birth and weight at a single point waist circumference, were collected. Through multiple choice questions, in time. This study utilizes growth trajectories, which allow for the students provided detailed information about the types and quantities of identification of the time of obesity onset and varying patterns of growth. food they consume and were then asked to rate their eating habits in Also, this project will utilize a life course approach, which considers social comparison to their peers. This study aims to investigate how often and and biological exposures during the gestational and childhood periods. how accurately students are able to assess their own eating habits in Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to assess whether obesity comparison to their peers. Additionally, trends in student ability to rate trajectories from 2 to 10 years differ between children born appropriate their eating habits will be explored. To determine student success in this for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) at term. The area, the fifth grade students will first be ranked on a 100 point scale using second objective is to assess whether the effect of small size at birth on the self-reported answers from their questionnaires and the mean point obesity trajectories are affected by maternal age, parity, income adequacy, average for eating habits will be found. Student answers will then be maternal education, maternal smoking, and maternal hypertension. The compared to the average score to track how often students accurately final objective is to assess whether early life factors such as catch-up assess their own eating habits. The results of this study will help to growth, physical activity, sedentary screen time, and sleep duration can determine if fifth grade students in Niagara are able to realistically gauge modify the effect of small size at birth on obesity trajectories. the healthiness of their food choices; this may provide important insight Methods: Data from Cycles 1 to 6 of the National Longitudinal Survey for into future interventions in order to reduce childhood obesity and its complications. Children & Youth will be utilized. The study population will be restricted to full term singletons who were less than a year old at the time of the first cycle, and small or appropriate for gestational age. Latent growth curve modeling will be used to model body mass index (BMI) trajectories in children from 2 to 10 years. Statistical analysis will be performed using MPlus software. Significance: The results of this study will help determine the validity of the fetal origins of obesity. If childhood obesity risk is significantly influenced by prenatal and early life factors, this has implications for public health efforts. Factors that are found to modify obesity risk can be used to create targeted strategies to prevent or reduce the risk of obesity.
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Awards
PLEASE NOTE: All awards will be presented at the Saturday night awards banquet. Students and new professionals must be present at the banquet to accept award in person.
Top Oral and Poster Presentations The top oral and poster presentations in each category (undergraduate, Masters, PhD and New Professional) will receive awards based on judges’ scores.
Chapter Champion Award ($250 + one free registration to the Canadian Obesity Summit 2015 in Toronto, ON) The Chapter Champion Award recognizes an exceptional chapter (or person) who has promoted the work of CON-SNP.
Rising Star Award ($250 + free registration to the Canadian Obesity Summit 2015 in Toronto, ON) The aim of the Rising Star Award is to recognize an individual who has promoted the work of CON-SNP. The award will go to a member of CON-SNP in good standing who has raised the profile of CON-SNP, either through individual work or through Chapter initiatives; a New Professional who has mentored SNPs, spoken at CON-SNP events, helped CON-SNP Chapters or other similar activities; and is a member of CON-SNP in good standing.
Dr. Ian Janssen Award ($250 + free registration to the Canadian Obesity Summit 2015 in Toronto, ON) CON-SNP, in partnership with Dr. Ian Janssen (Queen’s University), is pleased to present this award to a member of CON- RCO whose project is focused on any aspect of obesity (including physical activity and obesity). The recipient will be selected from among the oral and poster presentations judged at the conference.
Dr. Michael Lyon Travel Award (Up to $500 reimbursement) Dr. Michael Lyon (University of British Columbia) has generously donated this award for one eligible student or new professional who has traveled to COSM 2014 from outside of Southern Ontario. Thank you Dr. Lyon!
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Notes
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Thank you to all of our sponsors and donors!
Contributors to our Indiegogo campaign:
Sarah Chapelsky, Anastasia Dikareva, Mike Dugan, Zachary Ferraro, Filiona, Yoni Freedhoff, Leigh Gabel and the CON-SNP UBC Vancouver Pedometer Challenge Team, Rhona Hanning, Dawn Hatanaka, Beth Heintzman, Tyler Holm, Denise Joanisse, Kevin Johns, Cassandra Lowe, Michael Lyon, Norah MacMillian, Meredith, Colleen Orava, Taryn Orava, Ashley Parry, “Priti2”, Jennifer Sawyer, Christine Sharma, Guang Sun, Alexandria Tremis, Dante Urbano, Renata Valaitis, Linnie von Rekowsky, and all anonymous donors!
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Thank you to our generous sponsors: