Science Synthesis Report: Atmospheric Impacts of Oil and Gas Development in Texas
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Science Synthesis Report: Atmospheric Impacts of Oil and Gas Development in Texas Final Report to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality David D. Parrish David.D.Parrish, LLC Boulder, Colorado, 80304 Sue Kemball-Cook, John Grant and Greg Yarwood Ramboll Environ US Corporation Novato, California, 94945 30 June 2017 Disclaimer The preparation of this work plan was financed through a contract from the State of Texas through the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The content, findings, opinions and conclusions are the work of the authors and do not necessarily represent findings, opinions or conclusions of the TCEQ. Acknowledgements A great many people and organizations contributed to this synthesis report. The primary contributors to the analyses underlying each Finding are indicated in each section. The institutions represented by Working Group Members are indicated by the logos on the front page. This Report was submitted in fulfillment of TCEQ Work Order/PCR No. WO#582-16-63215-16, Contract # 582-15-50417, Tracking No. 2016-03. Work was completed as of 30 June 2017. ii CONTENTS GLOSSARY OF TERMS, SYMBOLS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................ XV ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 2 ES.1 Overview of Main Findings .............................................................................................. 2 ES.2 Findings Related to Study Questions ............................................................................... 4 ES.2.1 Emissions ............................................................................................................... 4 ES.2.2 Chemical Transformation...................................................................................... 8 ES.2.3 Transport and Meteorology ................................................................................ 12 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 14 1.1 Recent Field Studies ...................................................................................................... 14 1.2 Emissions ....................................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Chemical Transformation .............................................................................................. 21 1.4 Transport and Meteorology .......................................................................................... 23 1.5 References ..................................................................................................................... 24 2.0 SCIENCE QUESTIONS .................................................................................................... 28 2.1 Emissions ....................................................................................................................... 28 2.2 Chemical Transformations............................................................................................. 28 2.3 Transport/Meteorology ................................................................................................. 29 3.0 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: EMISSIONS ............................................................................. 30 3.1 Response to Question A ................................................................................................ 30 3.1.1 Working Group .................................................................................................... 30 3.1.2 Background ......................................................................................................... 30 3.1.3 Findings ............................................................................................................... 32 3.1.4 Summary and Recommendations for Further Analysis ...................................... 40 3.1.5 References .......................................................................................................... 41 3.2 Response to Question B ................................................................................................ 43 3.2.1 Working Group .................................................................................................... 43 3.2.2 Background ......................................................................................................... 43 3.2.3 Findings ............................................................................................................... 44 3.2.4 Summary and Recommendations for Further Analysis ...................................... 54 iii 3.2.5 References .......................................................................................................... 55 3.3 Response to Question C ................................................................................................ 57 3.3.1 Working Group .................................................................................................... 57 3.3.2 Background ......................................................................................................... 57 3.3.3 Findings ............................................................................................................... 57 3.3.4 Summary and Recommendations for Further Analysis ...................................... 64 3.3.5 References .......................................................................................................... 65 3.4 Response to Question D ................................................................................................ 66 3.4.1 Working Group .................................................................................................... 66 3.4.2 Background ......................................................................................................... 66 3.4.3 Findings ............................................................................................................... 66 3.4.4 Summary and Recommendations for Further Analysis ...................................... 73 3.4.5 References .......................................................................................................... 73 3.5 Response to Question E ................................................................................................. 75 3.5.1 Working Group .................................................................................................... 75 3.5.2 Background ......................................................................................................... 75 3.5.3 Findings ............................................................................................................... 75 3.5.4 Summary and Recommendations for Further Analysis ...................................... 84 3.5.5 References .......................................................................................................... 84 4.0 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION ............................................... 87 4.1 Response to Question F ................................................................................................. 87 4.1.1 Working Group .................................................................................................... 87 4.1.2 Background ......................................................................................................... 87 4.1.3 Findings ............................................................................................................... 88 4.1.4 Summary and Recommendations for Further Analysis ...................................... 99 4.1.5 References .......................................................................................................... 99 4.2 Response to Question G .............................................................................................. 102 4.2.1 Working Group .................................................................................................. 102 4.2.2 Background ....................................................................................................... 102 4.2.3 Findings ............................................................................................................. 102 4.2.4 Summary and Recommendations for Further Analysis .................................... 105 4.2.5 References ........................................................................................................ 106 4.3 Response to Question H .............................................................................................. 107 4.3.1 Working Group .................................................................................................. 107 4.3.2 Background ....................................................................................................... 107 iv 4.3.3 Findings ............................................................................................................. 108 4.3.4 Summary and Recommendations for Further Analysis .................................... 119 4.3.5 References ........................................................................................................ 119 4.4 Response to Question I ............................................................................................... 121 4.4.1 Working Group