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Jüdisches Wien Erbe Und Auftrag Jewish Vienna Heritage and Mission Inhalt Contents Jüdisches Wien Erbe und Auftrag Jewish Vienna Heritage and Mission Inhalt Contents 8 Jüdisches Wien heute Jewish Vienna today 19 Vom Mittelalter bis zur Schoa From the Middle Ages to the Shoah Jüdisches Wien. Erbe und Auftrag 27 Die Schoa Jewish Vienna. Heritage and Mission The Shoah Medieninhaber und Herausgeber: Jüdisches Museum Wien und Jewish Welcome Service 29 Restitution und Wiedergutmachung Media owner and publisher: Restitution and compensation Jewish Museum Vienna and Jewish Welcome Service 32 Das Jüdische Museum Wien The Jewish Museum Vienna Konzept/concept: Danielle Spera, Alfred Stalzer Grafische Gestaltung / Graphic design: Fuhrer, Vienna 38 Jewish Welcome Service Vienna Redaktion / Editorial: Susanne Trauneck, Irina Abajew , Astrid Meixner, Alfred Stalzer Jewish Welcome Service Vienna Übersetzung / Translation: Nick Somers Lektorat / Proof-reading: Vera Ribarich, Angela Parker 43 Die jüdische Gemeinde Wiens Coverfotos/cover photos: Josef Polleross Druck / Print: Walla Druck The Jewish community of Vienna Alle Angaben ohne Gewähr, Änderungen vorbehalten. Die Broschüre erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. / 48 Orte der Erinnerung All information is non-binding and subject to alteration. The brochure makes no claim to completeness. Places of remembrance Eine Kooperation von: Jüdisches Museum Wien, Jewish Welcome Service, WienTourismus und Presse- u. In- 54 Gedenkstätten und -initiativen formationsdienst der Stadt Wien / A co-operation of Jewish Memorials and remembrance initiatives Museum Vienna, Jewish Welcome Service Vienna, Vienna Tourist Board and Municipal Department 53 – Press and Information Services 56 Adressen & Kontakte Alle Daten Stand Mai 2015/ status: May 2015 Addresses & contacts © Stadt Wien/PID, Fotograf Ian Ehm Ian Fotograf Wien/PID, Stadt © Michael Häupl, Bürgermeister Michael Häupl, Mayor of Vienna Zum Geleit Foreword Die wechselvolle Geschichte der Wiener The eventful history of Vienna’s Jewish jüdischen Bevölkerung ist eng verbunden population is closely linked with the his- mit der Geschichte der Stadt. Wie erin- tory of the city. We like to recall the illus- nern uns gerne an die glanzvollen Zeiten trious period in the late nineteenth and der Wende vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert, early twentieth centuries, when Jews in denen Jüdinnen und Juden das geis- helped to shape Vienna’s intellectual, cul- tige, kulturelle und wirtschaftliche Leben tural, and economic life, making impor- Wiens entscheidend geprägt haben und tant contributions to the city’s develop- einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Entwick- ment as a Central European metropolis. lung der Stadt zur mitteleuropäischen At the same time we tend to forget the Metropole geleistet haben. long struggle for equality, which was only Dabei wird gerne vergessen, dass es really achieved under Emperor Franz bereits ein weiter Weg bis zur Gleichbe- Joseph. During his reign, Jewish busi- rechtigung war, die erst unter Kaiser nessmen, scientists, and artists were a Franz Joseph wirklich erreicht wurde. In vital component of the celebrated seiner Regierungszeit trugen jüdische Ringstrasse era and fin-de-siècle Vienna. 5 © Josef Polleross Josef © Wirtschaftstreibende, Wissenschaftle- Thousands of Jewish soldiers also gave der damit verbundenen historischen Ver- seum Vienna can function as places not rInnen und Kulturschaffende wesentlich their lives on the battlefields of Europe antwortung zu stellen. In den letzten only for confronting history but also for zum Glanz der Ringstraßenzeit und des for their emperor and fatherland. And Jahrzehnten ist vieles im Kampf gegen encounters and meetings. Fin de Siècle bei und es waren viele tau- many of the Social Democratic politicians das Verdrängen und Vergessen gesche- The Jewish Welcome Service also sende jüdische Soldaten, die auf den who carried out the welfare reforms of hen: Die Stadt unterstützt die Aktivitäten plays a special role in its task of docu- Schlachtfeldern Europas für Kaiser und “Red Vienna” during the First Republic der kleinen, aber sehr vitalen jüdischen menting the presence of a vibrant Jewish Vaterland ihr Leben ließen. Die sozialen were of Jewish origin, giving conservative Gemeinde, die Lösung offener Restituti- community in Vienna in the twenty-first Errungenschaften der Zeit der Ersten Re- forces an excuse for anti-Semitic attacks onsfragen wurde intensiv vorangetrieben, century. In cooperation with the Jewish publik im Roten Wien tragen die Hand- that prepared the way for the racial fa- und Einrichtungen wie das Jüdische Mu- Welcome Service, the City of Vienna in- schrift sozialdemokratischer PolitikerIn- naticism of the Nazi era. seum Wien sollen als Orte der Auseinan- vites former residents and their descen- nen, von denen viele jüdischer Herkunft The annexation of Austria by Nazi Ger- dersetzung mit der Geschichte, aber auch dants, now scattered throughout the waren, was den konservativen Kräften many in March 1938 brought an incisive als Orte der Begegnung dienen. world, to present-day Vienna to revisit den Vorwand zu antisemitischen Atta- break in the history of Vienna and its Jew- Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei their past or seek out friends and rela- cken gab, die dem nationalsozialisti- ish community, which at this time was auch dem Jewish Welcome Service zu, tives. We regard this as a symbolic ges- schen Rassenwahn den Weg bereiteten. the largest in the German-speaking der es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht hat, die ture and one of the ways in which Vienna Die Annexion Österreichs durch das world. Persecution, expulsion, and exter- Präsenz einer lebendigen jüdischen Ge- encourages communal living and mutual nationalsozialistische Deutschland im mination were now the order of the day. meinde im Wien des 21. Jahrhunderts zu understanding. I hope that this brochure März 1938 markiert einen tiefen Ein- By the end of World War II, 65,000 Vien- dokumentieren. In Zusammenarbeit mit will also contribute to this aim, while at schnitt in der Geschichte Wiens und sei- nese Jews had been murdered in concen- dem Jewish Welcome Service lädt die the same time acting as a guide to the di- ner jüdischen Gemeinde, die zu diesem tration camps, the remaining 120,000 Stadt Wien daher ehemalige Wienerin- versity of Jewish life and history in Vi- Zeitpunkt die größte deutschsprachige having managed to escape under ex- nen und Wiener und deren Nachkommen, enna. Gemeinde in Europa war: Verfolgung, tremely arduous circumstances—in most die über die ganze Welt verstreut leben, Vertreibung und Ermordung standen mit cases abandoning all of their possessions in das Wien von heute ein – Menschen, die einem Mal auf der Tagesordnung. Insge- in the process. ihre Geschichte oder die von Verwandten samt wurden bis zum Ende des Zweiten We should never forget these people, und Bekannten suchen. Dies sehen wir Weltkriegs 1945 mehr als 65.000 Wiener and we owe it to ourselves to face up to als symbolische Geste, um unser Wien Jüdinnen und Juden in den Konzentrati- our historical responsibility for this dark als Stadt des Miteinander zu zeigen und Michael Häupl onslagern ermordet, den übrigen mehr chapter. A lot has been done in the last um zum gegenseitigen Verständnis bei- als 120.000 gelang unter schwierigsten decades to ensure that these events are zutragen. Möge diese Broschüre ein Bedingungen – meist unter Zurücklas- not suppressed and forgotten. The mu- Schritt in Richtung Verstehen und gleich- sung ihres Hab und Guts – die Flucht ins nicipal authorities support the activities zeitig ein Wegweiser durch die Vielfalt jü- Exil. of a small but very active Jewish commu- dischen Lebens und jüdischer Geschichte Diesen Menschen gilt unser Gedenken, nity, and the resolution of outstanding in Wien sein. und wir haben die Pflicht, uns diesem restitution questions is being vigorously dunkelsten Kapitel der Geschichte und pursued. Institutions like the Jewish Mu- Dr. Michael Häupl 6 7 Jüdisches Wien heute Jewish Vienna today Die Geschichte der jüdischen Gemeinde The history of the Jewish community nach 1945 ist eine Geschichte des Neube- after 1945 is the story of a fresh start. Few ginns: Nur wenige der überlebenden und of the survivors and members expelled in IKG-Archiv © vertriebenen Mitglieder der vor 1938 größ- 1938 from what had been the largest Jew- ten jüdischen Gemeinde des deutsch - ish community in the German-speaking April 1945: Mit der Befreiung Wiens sprachigen Raums sahen im Wien der world returned to Vienna after the war. In durch die Rote Armee am 13. April kön- Nachkriegszeit eine Basis, trotzdem ent- spite of this, the Jewish community has nen die wenigen überlebenden Jüdinnen wickelte sich die jüdische Gemeinde developed in the face of resistance from und Juden erstmals wieder in die Öffent- gegen den Widerstand der österrei- Austrian post-war politicians into a small, lichkeit. Neugründung der Israelitischen chischen Nachkriegspolitik im Laufe der highly diverse and vital community of Kultusgemeinde Wien (IKG). Jahrzehnte zu einer kleinen, aber viel- around 8,000 members. The story of its September 1945: Provisorische Wieder- schichtigen und lebendigen Gemeinde difficult progress is one of immigration: eröffnung des Stadttempels, der als ein- JMW © mit rund 8.000 Mitgliedern. Der Weg zur first from Eastern Europe, and then from ziges jüdisches Gotteshaus Wiens im No- Oben: Jüdisches Straßenfest auf dem Judenplatz the former Soviet Union, particularly the vemberpogrom nicht vollständig zerstört Top: Jewish street party on Judenplatz heutigen vitalen Gemeinde war schwierig Unten: DP-Camp Rothschild-Spital
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