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Reflections : the Journal of the School of Architecture, University of Illinois

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Reflections : the Journal of the School of Architecture, University of Illinois Reflections The Journal of The School of Architecture University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Vol. 1; No. 1 Fall, 1983 Foreword Editorial Correspondence may be sent to: Reflections is a semi-annual journal of theory Reflections: and criticism representing works conducted by The Journal of the School of Architecture members of the Architecture faculty at The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and 608 E. Lorado Taft Drive other invited contributors. Champaign, Illinois 61820 Its primary purposes are to provide a forum for Board of Editors theoretical or critical works generated through the R. Alan Forrester, Director personal efforts and interests of our faculty, and School of Architecture in so doing, to further encourage and stimulate in a formal manner an intellectual participation Johann Albrecht, Chairman among students, faculty, and a public readership. Botond Bognar Our interest is not to be restrictive in content, Robert M. De Haven, Managing Editor rather to focus on the plurality of viewpoints John S. Gamer which has been the hallmark of the Architecture Henry Plummer program at the University of Illinois now for more James P. Warfield than eleven decades. Advisors A. Richard Williams, FAIA Acknowledgements are made to Stanley 0. Claude A. Winklehake Ikenberry, President of the University of Illinois; John E. Cribbet, Chancellor of the Graphic Design Urbana-Champaign campus; and Jack H. Carl Regehr McKenzie, Dean of the College of Fine and Montage Applied Arts. Publication of this issue has been assisted by funds from the Temple Buell and Robert DeHaven, Coordinator Lawrence Plym Endowments. Neil Shechan J. Nicholas Koch Our editorial board invites your suggestions and Lissa Marlin comments and hopes that you will find our Copy Editor inaugural issue stimulating. Tracy McBride R. Alan Forrester, Director School of Architecture © 1983 by The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Manufactured in the United States of America ISSN: 07399448 Contents 2 Foreword R.Alan Forrester 4 Architecture: An Inquiry into the H Johann Albrecht 12 Gunnar Birkerts Interviewed by G.B. 16 Concavity and Convexity: Notes Toward a More FeUcitous Form Henry S. Plummer 38 How Fare Thee Fair Camelot? John S. Garner 42 Arata Isozaki's Mannerism, or How to Put Humpty Dumpty Together Again Botond Bognar 58 Cidture and Architecture Cultural Responsiveness In a Global Society James P. Warjield 70 A Critical Afterthought 74 Notes 79 Authors Reflection (ri flek shen) n. 1. ) The act of casting back froin a surface. 2. ) To happen as a result of something. 3.) Something that exists dependently of all other things and from which all other things derive. 4.) To look at something carefully so as to understand the meaning. Architecture: An Inquiry into the Human Condition Johann Albrecht I. Current reflection on architecture is certainly irreversible. Either the causes are not fully difficult since a variety of diverse and even explored or they appear not interesting opposing observations can be made. At enough for architectural debate. The present, architecture enjoys an unprecedented paradoxical observations, however, do not end popularity with the general public. This can here. Despite the negative professional be explained, on one hand, through an situation of architecture, the number of eagerness on the part of the popular press to students eager to study architecture is on the glamorize the more spectacular results of new rise. This occurs at a moment when the developments in architecture and, on the likelihood of cutbacks with which architecture other, through an increased societal awareness as field of study will have to reckon is of past architectural achievements. Positive as imminent or already reality. this popularity may be, it is nevertheless astonishing, for the discussion about new At first glance these observations appear directions in architecture is a rather esoteric rather unrelated, and one would suspect that activity and practiced only by a small number it is difficult to discover a common of architects and their sophisticated critics. denominator. But the paradox of the popularity and the simultaneous decline of Disappointment is certain, if one expects to architecture can only by fruitfully discussed if find that this popularity is justified through a the role of architecture in our society is pronounced social consciousness on the part clarified. The same must be said with respect of architecture. Never before has architecture to the ongoing debate about new directions in disassociated itself so completely from social architecture. Without a concurrent discussion issues and problems; not even the question of of the purpose of architecture in our society, housing is being addressed. Despite the the indulgence in debate about style and form declaration of contextualism, the city as an alone must remain superficial. The cutbacks entity is neglected. A preoccupation with the in higher education again demand a formal aspects of architecture has become the clarification of this important issue, since norm; architecture is reduced to formalism. reduced university budgets will force the Equally astonishing is the fact that the question of the position and obligation of popularity of architecture takes place at a architecture in the academic realm. This time when architecture as a profession question cannot be solved without an answer experiences a crisis that seems to be of a to the larger issue. In other words, permanent nature. The widely accepted architecture as a profession, as well as a explanations refer to the current recession in subject for study, must legitimize its purpose general and to the ailing building industry in anew. The popularity of certain developments particular. Hardly ever is it mentioned that in architecture cannot solve a legitimation the portion of the built environment designed crisis. by architects is decreasing noticeably.' Design executed in the offices of developers and construction firms is an undeniable and In order to find a satisfactory solution to the growing reality, and this trend seems issue of the role of architecture in our society. architecture, according to Norberg-Schulz the fundamental question must first be asked, (1980:226), who says, "this is the true purpose "What is architecture?" Understandably, of architecture, to help to make human there is no consensus on this question, all other functions, such although many agree in considering existence meaningful; of mere physical needs, can architecture as an activity which provides as the satisfaction satisifed without architecture." built form for needs— these needs are often be defined as physical. Others say simply, Whether the fulfillment of physical needs without explicit concern for needs, that should be part of architectural activity is for architecture is the art of building. Still others, the moment not the crucial question." But it not content with the reference to building, evident that the fulfillment of such needs characterize architecture as a form of art. A is alone important as that is— cannot be the proponent of the first kind of definition is — sole purpose of architecture. Equally evident Safdie, who holds that "architecture is a is that it is neces§ary to combine a statement response to needs."^ Aware of the temptation about what architecture is with a reference to to define needs strictly from a utilitarian the purpose of architecture. Not only is this of point of view, however, Safdie denounces such benefit for the precision of the statement, but a narrow interpretation. Venturi (1966), more important, it is essential that the clearly in favor of extending the notion of mandate for architecture be unmistakably architecture as the art of building, declares, stated. "architecture is evolutionary as well as revolutionary. As an art it will acknowledge Declarations like "architecture is the art of what is and what ought to be, the immediate building" are not very useful, although one and the speculative."' Similarly, Scully could offer in defense of this particular (1979:10) insists that "architecture, like all art statement the interpretation that "the art of ... has revealed some of the basic truths of building must be above all a social art." The the human condition and, again like all art, declaration "architecture is a form of art" has played a part in changing and reforming could also invite narrow interpretation. That that condition itself." To combine the is actually the case right now: the present fulfillment of basic needs with the fulfillment architectural avant-garde discusses and of needs beyond utility, as Safdie indicates, is, explores new directions only from a formal in the opinion of Giurgola (1981:15), the point of view. Frampton (1982:280) considers purpose of architecture. He, therefore, states, this one-sided indulgence as "the return of a "the first task of an architect is, as it always repressed creativity, as the implosion of has been, to enhance the conditions of life Utopia upon itself." Both Venturi and Scully both in terms of accommodation and aesthetic are aware of such a problem and, therefore, pleasure." The second obligation of that task, speak of the abiUty of architecture not only to to enhance life through aesthetic pleasure, reveal and acknowledge the human condition, requires that architecture is a form of art, but also to change it. Consequently, whereas the first obligation asks for the architecture is a participant in the debate provision of built form for a physical need. about what ought to be. To contribute, in this This, however, must not necessarily be part of inversion of any real rational behavior. In sufliciunt: social responsibility is an integral addition, the influence of the positivist part of architecture and has always been. sciences (e.g., scientific management, Giurgoia confirms that when he speaks of the operations research, systems analysis, and so enhancement of the human condition as the on) has brought about a rationalization, purpose of architecture, which is nothing less bureaucratization and technocratization of than to help to make human life meaningful, most aspects of our life.
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