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The Maritime Alps The Maritime Alps Naturetrek Tour Itinerary Outline itinerary Day 1 Fly Nice and transfer to Entracque (Italy) Day 2-4 Wildlife walks in the Alpi Marittime National Park from Entracque Day 5 Transfer via Colle della Lombarda to Saint-Martin-Vésubie (France) Day 6-7 Wildlife walks in the Mercantour National Park Day 8 Transfer to Nice and fly London Departs Mid June Focus Mainly plants, but also butterflies, birds and mammals Grading Grade B. All walks are optional day walks, some of them on quite steep and rocky terrain Dates and Prices See website or brochure for details (FRA27) Highlights Stunning Alpine scenery Many endemic and localised plants Saxifrages, Primulas and Gentians A wealth of butterflies The Mediterranean meets the Mountains View of Entracque, Primula marginata and Valle Sant' Anna Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf’s Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk The Maritime Alps Tour Itinerary N.B. Please note that the itinerary below offers our planned programme of excursions. However, adverse weather and other local considerations can necessitate some re-ordering of the programme during the course of the tour, though this will always be done to maximise best use of the time and weather conditions available. Introduction The Maritime Alps form the south-western end of the Alpine Chain, lying across the French and Italian border, only some 90 minutes north of the sparkling Mediterranean Sea. The combination of Mediterranean and Alpine influences, with peaks rising to over 3,000m, and complex geology, have resulted in an area of incredible richness of plants and butterflies, with many locally rare and endemic species. On this two-centre holiday we will explore this fascinating area, first from the Italian side, within the Alpi Marittime National Park, and then from the French side, within the Mercantour National Park. These Parks share over 30km of border, and once formed part of the Italian King’s hunting reserve. Today they are still home to Chamois, Ibex, Mouflon, Wild Boar and Roe and Red Deer, while Wolves have reintroduced themselves to the area, after a long absence. The mountains are traversed by several north-south routes used in the past by salt and fleece traders, smugglers (briganti), pilgrims en route to Spain and, more recently, Jews fleeing Nazi persecution. There are also many military roads, serving both the C19th line of Border Forts, and the WWII Maginot Line. We will be walking a selection of these tracks and paths as we delve deep into the mountain valleys and passes. On the northern side, we will be based in the little Italian village of Entracque, surrounded by rivers and streams, where a local dialect is still spoken. Famous for its potatoes, one of the specialities is ‘Bodi Dous’, small cakes made from Potato, Honey, Chestnuts, Walnuts and Hazelnuts. Our small, friendly, family-run hotel is situated on the edge of the village, but only a few minutes walk from the fountain-filled squares and narrow streets of the centre. After four nights here, we drive in a large arc southwards, to its twinned village of Saint-Martin-Vésubie, which takes as its title ‘La Suisse Niçoise’. Here our hotel is slightly larger, with a terrace under the Chestnut trees, and its own swimming pool. On this week-long holiday we will enjoy daily natural history walks of two to ten kilometres, amongst the beautiful alpine valleys, forests and high peaks of the National Parks, focusing on their alpine flora, butterflies, birdlife, and mammals. Some of the paths are quite steep and uneven, and walking poles are recommended. The programme below is an outline of our proposed activities, but much will depend on the weather (afternoon rain is not unusual), and what we see in each location. Day 1 London – Nice We depart from London for the short flight to Nice, where we transfer to our privately hired minibus(es) for the approx 3-hour journey to Entracque. Driving along the coastal motorway, past Monaco and across the border to Ventimiglia, we turn northwards to ascend the French Roya Valley, where the road twists through deep gorges and tunnels. Among our stops will be one in the Saorge Gorge, where we will look for the endemic Cinquefoil Potentilla saxifraga, and Fragrant Stonecrop (Sedum fragrans). We may well have to wait at the narrow Tende Tunnel, which at 1279m will lead us back into Italy, as traffic is only allowed through every half hour. From here, we descend northwards into the Vermenagna Valley towards Cuneo, before turning off to Entracque. © Naturetrek 1 Tour Itinerary The Maritime Alps The Hotel Trois Etoiles, our base for the first four nights of this trip, is surrounded by mountain peaks, with local birds including Crag Martins and Black Redstarts. After we have settled into our hotel we will, if time permits, take a gentle stroll to explore the local area. Day 2 La Gorge della Reina Today we will walk from our hotel. This limestone gorge is named after the much-loved C14th Queen Giovanna d’Angio. (According to legend, the King of France was pressing his unwanted advances on the fair Queen, with the help of his army; but the whole force met an untimely end plunging into the Gorge, leaving the Queen free. We shall watch our steps as we walk!) Our walk starts with a gentle climb across flowery meadows, where we expect to see a variety of orchids, including Pyramidal (Anacamptis pyramidalis), Fragrant (Gymndenia conopsea) and Man Orchid (Orchis anthropophora). The path goes through deciduous and coniferous woodland, where we watch out for the elusive Black Woodpecker. We climb to the saddle Colletta della Lausa before dropping into Vallon di Costabella, and the deserted hamlet of Tetto Stramondin and following the path into the dramatic limestone chasm of the Gorge. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and other fragrant herbs line the rocky slopes, while in the Gorge grows the rare endemic Primula allionii, along with the local Marginate Primrose (Primula marginata) and Saxifraga diapensioides, amongst the abundant Live-long Saxifrage (Saxifraga paniculata) and Thick-leaved Saxifrage (Saxifraga callosa). We complete a circuit by following a mule-track through Beech woodland bright green with new leaves, and old terraces, back to the village. Depending on time and conditions, we may then explore (mainly by minibus) the upper valley Gesso, one of the two valleys above Entracque. Day 3 Colla della Tenda While the tunnel today goes through the mountain, the ancient routes went over the top. We shall drive to the mouth of the tunnel, where we shall take the road past Limone 1400, which winds up to the top of the Col, with the car park at 1795m. The slopes will be colourful with Pasqueflowers, Anemones, Gentians and Alpenrose, amongst others, and we will watch out for Red-billed and Alpine Chough, and Golden Eagle overhead. In 1882, Italy sided with the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Germany against France, and a series of forts were built along the border, which still stand today. Our ridge-top route will take us past Fort Central and Fort Tabourde, and give us views of others of these. On the grassy and rocky slopes we will look for the beautiful Allium narcissiflorum, Delphinium dubium, Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum), and Vanilla Orchids (Gymnadenia rhellicani, and the endemic Gymnadenia corneliana), while the rocks may hold Globularia repens, the first flowers of Campanula alpestris, and Viola cenisia, alongside the many Houseleeks (Sempervivum spp.). Another endemic, Narrow-leaved Catchfly (Silene campanula) prefers damper areas, under the Green Alder (Alnus viridis). On our way down from the Col, we shall stop to look at an early attempt at a road tunnel, where we may find the endemic Micromeria marginata, with more Primula marginata. Butterflies on the wing may include Clouded Apollo, Mountain Alcon Blue and de Prunner’s Ringlet. 2 © Naturetrek The Apennines: Italy's Abruzzo National Park Tour Itinerary Day 4 Palanfrè Today we take the road up the Valle Grande, to the little hamlet of Palanfrè (1379m), to walk in the peaceful Vallone degli Alberghi (meaning ‘last pastures’ rather than ‘hotels’!) This valley contains a mixture of limestone, sedimentary and igneous rocks, so the flora is very varied. The walk starts through Beech woods, where we may find late flowering Yellow Anemone (Anemone ranunculoides) and Coral-root Orchid (Corallorhiza trifida), and climbs through pastures, before zigzagging up the mountain slope. We will look for the rare yellow Fritillary Fritillaria tubiformis subsp. moggridgei, with its delicate bells. Round-headed Orchid (Traunsteinera globosa), Dwarf Hairy Broom (Cytisus hirsutus subsp. pumilus), endemic to the western Alps, are amongst the hillside flowers, while the boulders may hold Primula marginata and Blue Saxifrage (Saxifraga caesia). The path eventually reaches two idyllic little lakes (2057m), surrounded by Alpenrose (Rhododendron ferrugineum), where Chamois and Marmots are often seen. We may well take a shorter circuit, over a stream, to rejoin the original route back down the valley. On our way home, we will make a short stop to visit the Grotte del Bandito, where we shall look for such specialities as Campanula macrorhiza and Teucrium lucidum, together with Spoon-leaved Saxifrage (Saxifraga cuneifolia) and Knotted Geranium (Geranium nodosum). Day 5 Santa Anna, Colle della Lombarda, to Saint-Martin-Vésubie Today we transfer from Italy to the French side of the Maritime Alps. Mountain roads rarely go directly, and often involve much winding up and down: we shall go gently. First, we need to travel north to the Stura Valley, which we reach by the pretty road that climbs past an area protected for the most northerly site of Phoenicean Juniper (Juniperus phoenicea).
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