'Hard to Reach' Concepts and Practice in Victorian Local Government

Community Consultation and the ‘Hard to Reach’ Concepts and Practice in Victorian Local Government

Nicola Brackertz, Ivan Zwart, Denise Meredyth and Liss Ralston

APPENDIX

Appendix: Demographic profiles

Note: The Melbourne Statistical District (MSD) is the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ geographical construct of metropolitan Melbourne. At the time of the 2001 census it consisted of 5,718 collector’s districts, with a population of 3,340,575. The population of each district ranged from 21 to 2,549, with a median of 568.

Demographic profile: City of Boroondara

The City of Boroondara covers an area of 60 square kilometres and is located five kilometres east of Melbourne’s CBD. It is made up of the suburbs of Ashburton, Balwyn, North Balwyn, Camberwell, Canterbury, Hawthorn, Hawthorn East, Kew, Kew East and parts of Glen Iris, Mont Albert and Surrey Hills and has a population exceeding 140,000. Being so close to the CBD and also to the geographical centre of the metropolitan region, it is a pivotal point in Melbourne. The city is an attractive residential, commercial and educational area.

SEIFA Index of Advantage/Disadvantage compared to MSD

The map shows the SEIFA Index of Advantage/Disadvantage for Boroondara as compared to the Melbourne Statistical District (MSD). There are mainly areas of high advantage (higher deciles) within the city, as shown by the fact that the majority of the collector’s districts are displayed in darker colours. An exception to this is in Ashburton. Areas of higher advantage have a higher proportion of skilled workers, lower unemployment and a higher proportion of households with high incomes compared to the MSD.

SEIFA Index of Advantage/Disadvantage by local government area

The previous map compared Boroondara to the MSD and showed mostly high levels of advantage, making it difficult to ascertain which areas within Boroondara were more or less advantaged. Above the SEIFA Index of Advantage/Disadvantage is mapped in quintiles comparing values for the city internally. Ashburton, Balwyn North and Kew East have more disadvantage, while Surrey Hills, Kew and Glen Iris have high levels of advantage.

SEIFA Index of Disadvantage compared to MSD

This map expands on the previous two and shows the SEIFA Index of Disadvantage for Boroondara compared to the MSD. Unlike the Index of Advantage/Disadvantage, this does not offset households in advantage against those who are disadvantaged. Therefore it is a better indicator of disadvantage.

Areas with low levels of disadvantage (higher deciles) are quite clearly Kew, Canterbury, Surrey Hills, Hawthorn East, Glen Iris and Camberwell. Areas with higher levels of disadvantage (lower deciles) are displayed in lighter colours and are confirmed as being Ashburton and small enclaves in Hawthorn. These have more households with persons on lower incomes who are likely to be unemployed or underemployed and have low skilled jobs, are less likely to own their own homes and are more likely to live in overcrowded housing.

SEIFA Index of Disadvantage by local government area

This map complements the previous one and shows the SEIFA Index of Disadvantage mapped by quintiles for Boroondara only. Ashburton, parts of Hawthorn and Balwyn North have the highest levels of disadvantage, while Glen Iris, Kew, Canterbury and Surrey Hills are the least disadvantaged.

SEIFA Index of Economic Resources compared to MSD

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Economic Resources for Boroondara compared to the MSD. The large number of households in the higher deciles indicate that the majority of households have relatively high incomes. Where properties are being purchased, they mostly have high mortgage repayments, while there are few low rental properties.

SEIFA Index of Economic Resources by local government area

This map shows the SEIFA Index for Economic Resources mapped by quintiles for Boroondara only. Once again, Ashburton, Kew East, Balwyn and pockets of Hawthorn are not as prosperous as areas such as Camberwell, Canterbury and Kew.

SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation compared to MSD

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation for Boroondara compared to the MSD. Areas in darker colours (higher deciles) indicate households where occupants have higher levels of education or are currently undertaking further education and in higher skilled jobs. Areas in lighter colours (lower deciles) indicate households where occupants have lower levels of education, lower skilled jobs or may be unemployed.

SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation by local government area

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation by quintiles for Boroondara only. Ashburton, Kew and Balwyn fall in the lowest quintile, indicating households where occupants have lower levels of education, lower skilled jobs or may be unemployed.

SEIFA statistics Advantage/ Disadvantage Economic Education and Disadvantage Resources Occupation Boroondara Median 1 177 1 128 1 155 1 185 Minimum 1 025 881 976 1 018 Maximum 1 266 1 185 1 290 1 251 Comparison Boroondara to MSD Median 10 10 10 10 Minimum 5 1 3 5 Maximum 10 10 10 10 MSD Median 1 035 1 039 1 032 10 Minimum 671 257 728 1 Maximum 1 300 1 202 1 317 10

This table shows summary data of the SEIFA Indexes in the previous maps. The first and last set of numbers shows the actual Indexes in real terms. The middle section compares Boroondara to the MSD and illustrates where the Indexes fall in each decile. For example, the Advantage/Disadvantage column shows that Boroondara has values in the Index that fall in the 5th and 10th deciles. The median value of 10 indicates that the spread of values falls to the higher end of the Index’s decile range as compared to the MSD. Overall, the comparison figures displayed in this table confirm the information from the previous maps which show that the majority of Boroondara’s population is weighted towards the advantaged end of the spectrum.

Transience

Transience (2001) 100% 17% 16%

80% 44% 42%

60%

40% 83% 84%

56% 58% 20%

0% One Year Ago Five Years Ago One Year Ago Five Years Ago

Boroondara Melbourne

Same Address Different Address

In the previous year, 17% of Boroondara residents lived at a different address. Five years previously, 44% lived at a different address. This closely mirrors the transience pattern in the MSD.

Transience map

The highest rate of transience is in Hawthorn. This can indicate a high number of rental properties or new developments or a transient population due to high numbers of university students.

Household income

Household Income Quartiles

100%

25% 41% 75%

25%

50% 20%

25% 19% 25%

25% 20% 0% Boroondara MSD Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4

When compared to the MSD, Boroondara has a much higher proportion of households in the highest income quartile and a much smaller proportion in the lowest income quartile.

Age groups

Age Group (2001) 20%

16% 15% 16% 15%15% 15% 14% 13% 13% 13% 13%

10% 9% 9% 8%

6% 6% 6% 5% 6% 5%

0% Boroondara Melbourne

0 - 4 5 - 14 15 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 74 75 and older

The distribution of age groups in Boroondara is similar to that in the MSD, except for a higher proportion in the 75 and older age group.

Youth

A geographic mapping of younger people in Boroondara shows that they are mainly concentrated in Hawthorn near Swinburne University.

Over 74 year olds

A geographic mapping of older persons in Boroondara shows that there are areas with higher densities of older persons in parts of Burwood, Hawthorn, Kew and Camberwell.

Household structure

Household Structure (2001) 35%

30% 30% 29% 26%

25% 24% 23% 23%

20%

15%

10% 7% 7% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 5% 3% 2% 2%

0% Boroondara Me lbourne Couple Only Couple Family: Dependent Children Couple Family: Non-Dependent Children One Parent Family: Dependent Children One Parent Family: Non-Dependent Children Other Family LonePerson Group

Household structure in Boroondara is similar to that in the MSD.

Housing tenure

Housing Tenure (2001) 80% 69%70% 70%

60%

50% 47% 42% 40%

28% 30% 25% 21% 23% 20%

10% 4% 5% 2% 2% 0% Fully owned Purchasing Home ownership Renting Other type Not stated

Boroondara MSD

There are a higher proportion of households who own their homes outright and a smaller proportion purchasing in Boroondara than in the MSD.

Labour force status

Employment Status (2001) 80%

70% 60% 60% 58%

50%

40% 33% 34%

30%

20%

10% 3% 4% 4% 4% 0% Boroondara Melbourne

Employed Unemployed Outside Labour Force Not Stated

The proportion of employed people in Boroondara is slightly higher than in the MSD.

Hours worked

Hours Worked (2001) 40% 36% 35%

30% 26% 25% 25%

18% 20% 18% 17%

15% 13% 13% 12% 11% 10% 6% 6% 5%

0% Boroondara MSD

1 - 15 16 - 34 35 - 40 41 - 48 49 or more NS & 0

There is a higher proportion of people working exceptionally long hours than in the MSD.

Educational institution attending Boroondara MSD N % N % Pre-school 2 488 2% 48 972 1% Primary 12 116 8% 285 245 8% Secondary 11 399 8% 229 283 7% TAFE 3 395 2% 85 918 3% University or other tertiary 13 123 9% 162 833 5% Other 1 535 1% 31 788 1% Total attending 44 056 30% 844 039 25% Not attending 98 065 66% 2 328 354 69% Not stated 6 411 4% 27 838 1% Total 148 532 100% 3 366 542 100%

30% of Boroondara residents are attending some sort of formal education, which is slightly higher than the proportion for the MSD at 25%.

Country of birth Boroondara MSD N % N % Australia 105 011 71% 2 195 087 66% United Kingdom 6 094 4% 158 139 5% China 2 581 2% 35 844 1% New Zealand 2 385 2% 45 660 1% Malaysia 2 319 2% 23 574 1% Greece 2 151 1% 55 574 2% Italy 2 139 1% 80 109 2% Hong Kong 1 644 1% 15 466 0% India 1 453 1% 29 403 1% Other overseas 15 553 10% 510 268 15% Total overseas born 36 319 24% 954 037 29% Not stated 7 202 5% 189 580 6% Total 148 532 100% 3 338 704 100%

The largest migrant communities in Boroondara are from the United Kingdom and China, with similar proportions to the MSD. Most migrants come from English-speaking countries.

Language spoken at home Boroondara MSD N % N % English only 115 164 78% 2 316 755 69% Chinese 8 342 6% 110 645 3% Greek 4 789 3% 118 394 4% Italian 3 462 2% 133 907 4% Indonesian 783 1% 8 715 0% Vietnamese 739 0% 62 978 2% Other 9 076 6% 426 409 13% Total other language 27 191 18% 861 048 26% Not stated 6 176 4% 160 901 5% Total 148 531 100% 3 338 704 100%

The largest non-English-speaking language groups in Boroondara are Chinese and Greek. The proportion of Chinese is double that in the MSD.

Birthplace of parents Boroondara MSD N % N % Both parents born in Australia 75 043 51% 1 424 683 43% Father only born overseas 10 992 7% 228 936 7% Mother only born overseas 7 263 5% 142 071 4% Both parents born overseas 47 578 32% 1 329 876 40% Not stated 7 656 5% 213 138 6% Total 148 532 100% 3 338 704 100%

Boroondara has a high incidence of residents reporting that both of their parents were born within Australia (51%), which is higher than for the MSD (43%). Only 32% of all residents report that both parents were born overseas.

English proficiency (of those who arrived after 1986) Boroondara MSD Speaks English N % N % Very well or Well 8 106 84% 191 790 76% Not well or Not at all 1 504 16% 59 464 24% Total 9 610 100% 251 254 100%

Of those persons who arrived to live in Australia after 1986, 1,504 (16%) indicated that their English-speaking skills were not very good. However, Boroondara has a much lower rate of new arrivals than the MSD.

Households with motor vehicles Boroondara MSD N % N % No vehicles 5 109 9% 113 895 10% One or more 47 813 87% 1 027 479 86% Not stated 2 193 4% 54 770 5% Total 55 115 100% 1 196 144 100%

Boroondara has a comparable proportion of motor vehicles to the MSD. This is quite interesting given that Boroondara is located close to the CBD and is well serviced by public transport.

Demographic profile: City of Darebin

The City of Darebin covers 53 square kilometres in Melbourne’s inner north stretching to the traditional middle ring suburbs. It has a population of over 128,000 people. With one in three residents born outside Australia, it is one of the largest and most diverse communities in the state. Darebin comprises the inner city suburbs of Alphington, Fairfield, Northcote and Westgarth, through the established areas of Thornbury and Preston, out to the relatively new areas of Reservoir and the Bundoora North East Growth Corridor.

SEIFA Index of Advantage

This map shows that there are areas of high advantage that are balanced by areas of low advantage in Darebin. As compared to the Melbourne Statistical District (MSD), Bundoora and Northcote show relatively high levels of advantage (higher deciles) while Preston, Reservoir and Kingsbury are dominated by the three lowest deciles. Areas of higher advantage indicate that they have higher skilled workers, less unemployment and people more likely to own their own homes.

SEIFA Index of Disadvantage

This map expands on the previous one and shows the SEIFA Index of Disadvantage for Darebin compared to the MSD. Unlike the Index of Advantage/Disadvantage, the Index of Disadvantage does not offset households in advantage against those who are disadvantaged. Therefore it is a better indicator of disadvantage.

Areas with low levels of disadvantage (higher deciles) are in Fairfield, Alphington, Northcote and small enclaves in Thornbury and Preston. Areas with higher levels of disadvantage (lower deciles) are displayed in lighter colours and are Preston and Reservoir. These have more persons on lower incomes who are likely to be unemployed or underemployed and have low skilled jobs. They are less likely to own their own homes and are more likely to live in overcrowded housing.

SEIFA Index of Economic Resources

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Economic Resources for Darebin compared to the MSD. The map shows that there is a gap between areas that are performing well and those that are not. There is a distinct graduation from areas with higher deciles (performing well) such as Northcote, Fairfield and Alphington and Thornbury through to Preston, which is doing slightly less well, and then West Preston and Reservoir which have large areas in the lower deciles.

SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation for the Darebin compared to the MSD. Areas shown in darker colours (higher deciles) indicate persons with higher levels of education, or are currently undertaking further education and higher skilled jobs. Areas in lighter colours (lower deciles) show households where occupants have lower levels of education, lower skilled jobs or may be unemployed.

SEIFA statistics Advantage/ Disadvantage Economic Education and Disadvantage Resources Occupation Darebin Median 989 967 978 1 008 Minimum 825 681 829 817 Maximum 1 147 1 133 1 130 1 203 Comparison Darebin to MSD Median 4 3 3 5 Minimum 1 1 1 1 Maximum 9 10 9 10 MSD Median 1 035 1 039 1 032 1 021 Minimum 671 257 728 714 Maximum 1 300 1 202 1 317 1 293

This table shows summary data of the SEIFA Indexes in the previous maps. The first and last set of numbers shows the actual Indexes in real terms. The middle table shows a comparison of Darebin to the MSD and illustrates where the Indexes fall in each decile. For example, the Advantage/Disadvantage column shows that Darebin has values in the Index that fall in the 1st and 9th deciles. The median value of 4 indicates that the spread of values falls to the lower end of the Index’s decile range as compared to the MSD.

Overall, the comparison figures displayed in this table confirm the information from the previous maps, which show that Darebin’s population ranges from areas of little disadvantage to those that are more disadvantaged, with the majority of areas being weighted towards the disadvantaged end of the spectrum.

Transience

Transience (2001) 100% 17% 16%

80% 40% 42%

60%

40% 83% 84%

60% 58%

20%

0% One Year Ago Five Years Ago One Year Ago Five Years Ago

Darebin Melbourne

Same Address Different Address

In the previous year, 17% of Darebin residents lived at a different address. Five years previously, 40 % lived at a different address. This closely mirrors the transience pattern in the MSD.

Transience map

The highest rate of transience is in Bundoora. This can indicate a high number of rental properties or new developments, or a transient population due to high numbers of university students.

Household income

Household Income Quartiles

100% 17% 25%

75% 23% 25%

50% 27% 25%

25% 34% 25%

0% Darebin MSD Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4

When compared to the MSD, Darebin has a much higher proportion of households in the lowest income quartile and a much smaller proportion in the highest income quartile.

Age groups

Age Group (2001) 20% 19%

16% 16%16% 15% 14% 13% 13% 13%

11% 10% 10% 9% 9% 8% 7% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5%

0% Darebin Melbourne

0 - 4 5 - 14 15 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 75 75+

The distribution of age groups in Darebin is similar to that of the MSD, except for a higher proportion in the 25-34 age group.

Youth

A geographic mapping of younger people in Darebin shows that the concentration is mainly in the north and north-west of the municipality.

Over 74 year olds

A geographic mapping of older persons in Darebin shows that there are areas with higher densities of older persons throughout the municipality.

Household structure

Household Structure (2001) 35%

29% 30% 28%

24% 25% 23% 23% 21%

20%

15%

10% 8% 7% 7% 7% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 2% 2%

0% Darebin Melbourne SD

Couple Only Couple Family: Dependent Children Couple Family: Non-Dependent Children One Parent Family: Dependent Children One Parent Family: Non-Dependent Children Other Family LonePerson Group

Household structure in Darebin is similar to that of the MSD. However, there is a lower proportion of couple families with dependent children, and a higher proportion of lone person households.

Housing tenure

Housing Tenure (2001) 80% 70% 70% 62% 60%

50% 43%42% 40% 31% 28% 30% 23% 19% 20%

10% 5% 5% 2% 2% 0% Fully owned Purchasing Home ownership Renting Other type Not stated

Darebin MSD

There is a lower proportion of people purchasing a home and a higher proportion renting in Darebin than in the MSD.

Labour force status

Employment Status (2001) 80%

70%

60% 58% 50% 50% 40% 40% 34%

30%

20%

10% 5% 4%4% 4%

0% Darebin Melbourne

Employed Unemployed Outside Labour Force Not Stated

The proportion of employed people in Darebin is lower, and there is a higher proportion outside the labour force, than in the MSD.

Hours worked

Hours Worked (2001) 50%

45% 40% 40% 36% 35%

30%

25% 18% 20% 17% 17% 14% 15% 12% 12% 10% 11% 10% 7% 6% 5%

0% Darebin MSD

1 - 15 16 - 34 35 - 40 41 - 48 49 or more NS & 0

Hours worked reflect those of the MSD, except for a slightly lower proportion working exceptionally long hours.

Educational institution attending Darebin MSD N % N % Pre-school 1 402 1% 48 972 1% Primary 8 159 7% 285 245 8% Secondary 6 001 5% 229 283 7% TAFE 3 535 3% 85 918 3% University or other tertiary 7 502 6% 162 833 5% Other 1 276 1% 31 788 1% Total attending 27 875 23% 844 039 25% Not attending 89 049 73% 2 328 354 69% Not stated 5 897 5% 27 838 1% Total 122 821 100% 3 366 542 100%

Nearly 28,000 (23%) of Darebin residents are attending some sort of formal education, which is only a slightly lower proportion than for the MSD at 25%.

Country of birth Darebin MSD N % N % Australia 74 787 61% 2 195 087 66% Italy 9 059 7% 80 109 2% Greece 6 152 5% 55 574 2% United Kingdom 2 824 2% 158 139 5% China 2 522 2% 35 844 1% Vietnam 2 006 2% 55 811 2% Other overseas 18 430 15% 568 560 17% Total overseas born 40 993 33% 954 037 29% Not stated 7 041 6% 189 580 6% Total 122 821 100% 3 338 704 100%

The largest migrant communities are from Italy and Greece, which is a much higher proportion than in the MSD.

Language spoken at home Darebin MSD N % N % English only 65 969 54% 2 316 755 69% Italian 14 716 12% 133 907 4% Greek 11 447 9% 118 394 4% Arabic 4 574 4% 45 787 1% Chinese 4 198 3% 110 645 3% Macedonian 3 130 3% 30 831 1% Other 12 885 10% 421 484 13% Total other language 50 950 41% 861 048 26% Not stated 5 902 5% 160 901 5% Total 122 821 100% 3 338 704 100%

As reflected in the previous table, the largest non-English-speaking language groups in Darebin are Italian and Greek.

Birthplace of parents Darebin MSD N % N % Both parents born in Australia 42 964 35% 1 424 683 43% Father only born overseas 7 727 6% 228 936 7% Mother only born overseas 3 886 3% 142 071 4% Both parents born overseas 60 129 49% 1 329 876 40% Not stated 8 115 7% 213 138 6% Total 122 821 100% 3 338 704 100%

Darebin has a lower incidence of residents reporting that both of their parents were born within Australia than figures for the MSD, 35% and 43% respectively. Half (49%) of all Darebin residents report that both parents were born overseas.

English proficiency (of those who arrived after 1986) Speaks English Darebin MSD N % N % Very well or Well 7 917 74% 191 790 76% Not well or Not at all 2 785 26% 59 464 24% Total 10 702 100% 251 254 100%

Of those persons who arrived to live in Australia after 1986, 26% (10,702) indicated that their English-speaking skills were not very good. However, Darebin has a much higher rate of new arrivals than the MSD.

Households with motor vehicles Darebin MSD N % N % No vehicles 7 434 21% 113 895 10% One or more 37 222 104% 1 027 479 86% Not stated 2 838 8% 54 770 5% Total 47 494 133% 1 196 144 100%

Darebin has a high incidence of households that do not own a motor vehicle. This may either indicate that people are not able to afford a car or that Darebin is well connected by public transport and many residents choose not to own a car.

Demographic profile: City of Maribyrnong

The City of Maribyrnong covers an area of 31.2 square kilometres in Melbourne’s west and has a population of 60,000, making it the smallest and most densely populated municipality in the region. It is made up of the suburbs of Braybrook, Footscray, Kingsville, Maidstone, Maribyrnong, Seddon, Tottenham, West Footscray and Yarraville. Forty percent of residents were born outside Australia – residents come from more than 135 countries and speak more than 80 languages – making Maribyrnong culturally and linguistically diverse. It is undergoing a period of significant change, including the gentrification of some established areas (Yarraville, Seddon, Footscray and Maidstone), while at the same time a number of large redevelopment opportunities have emerged from changes in land use as a result of the restructuring of manufacturing industries and the wholesale relocation of the Commonwealth defence industries.

SEIFA Index of Advantage

The map shows the SEIFA Index of Advantage/Disadvantage for Maribyrnong as compared to the Melbourne Statistical District (MSD). It illustrates that there are mainly areas of low advantage (lower deciles) within Maribyrnong, reflected by the fact that the majority of the collector’s districts are displayed in lighter colours. An exception to this is in Seddon and Maribyrnong. Areas of lower advantage indicate high numbers of unskilled workers, higher unemployment and households with low incomes as compared to the MSD.

SEIFA Index of Disadvantage

This map expands on the previous one and shows the SEIFA Index of Disadvantage for Maribyrnong compared to the MSD. Unlike the Index of Advantage/Disadvantage, the Index of Disadvantage does not offset households in advantage against those who are disadvantaged. Therefore it is a better indicator of disadvantage.

Areas with low levels of disadvantage (higher deciles) are quite clearly within Yarraville and Maribyrnong. Areas with higher levels of disadvantage (lower deciles) are displayed in lighter colours and are displayed across the municipality. These have more households with persons on lower incomes who are likely to be unemployed or underemployed and have low skilled jobs. They are less likely to own their own homes and are more likely to live in overcrowded housing.

SEIFA Index of Economic Resources

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Economic Resources for Maribyrnong compared to the MSD. There is a large proportion of households in the lower deciles. This indicates that the majority of households have relatively low incomes, live in smaller dwellings and a high number of lower rental properties.

SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation for Maribyrnong compared to the MSD. Areas shown in darker colours (higher deciles) indicate persons with higher levels of education, or currently undertaking further education and in higher skilled jobs. Areas in lighter colours (lower deciles) show households where occupants have lower levels of education, lower skilled jobs or may be unemployed. The majority of collector’s districts are shown in lighter colours, thus fall below the MSD average.

SEIFA statistics Advantage/ Disadvantage Economic Education and Disadvantage Resources Occupation Maribyrnong Median 976 940 969 993 Minimum 784 635 815 783 Maximum 1 130 1 091 1 152 1 160 Comparison Maribyrnong to MSD Median 3 2 3 5 Minimum 1 1 1 1 Maximum 9 8 10 9 MSD Median 1 035 1 039 1 032 1 021 Minimum 671 257 728 714 Maximum 1 300 1 202 1 317 1 293

This table shows summary data of the SEIFA Indexes in the previous maps. The first and last set of numbers shows the actual Indexes in real terms. The middle table compares Maribyrnong to the MSD and illustrates where the Indexes fall in each decile. For example, the Advantage/Disadvantage column shows that Maribyrnong has values in the Index that fall in the 1st and 9th deciles. The median value of 3 indicates that the spread of values falls to the low end of the Index’s decile range as compared to the MSD. Overall, the comparison figures displayed in this table confirm the information from the previous maps, which show that the majority of Maribyrnong’s population is weighted towards the disadvantaged end of the spectrum. The only index that conforms to the MSD average is Education and Occupation (median 5); however, the remaining three indexes fall well below the medians.

Transience

Transience (2001) 100% 19% 16%

80% 45% 42%

60%

40% 81% 84%

55% 58% 20%

0% One Year Ago Five Years Ago One Year Ago Five Years Ago Maribyrnong MSD

Same Address Different Address

In the previous year, 19% of Maribyrnong residents lived at a different address. Five years previously, 45 % lived at a different address. This closely mirrors the transience pattern in the MSD.

Transience map

This map shows transience information geographically and indicates that the highest rate of turnover occurs in the Maribyrnong suburb. This can indicate a high number of rental properties or new developments or a transient population due to high numbers of university students, or some other facility that has a high turnover of people.

Household income

Household Income Quartiles

100% 17% 25%

75% 22% 25%

50% 26%

25%

25% 35% 25%

0% Maribyrnong MSD Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4

When compared to the MSD, Maribyrnong has a much higher proportion of households in the lowest income quartile (35%) and a much smaller proportion in the highest income quartile (17%).This indicates that the household income throughout Maribyrnong is lower than that for the MSD.

Age groups

Age Group (2001) 25%

19% 20%

17% 16%16% 14% 15% 13% 13% 13% 11% 10% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6%7% 6% 6% 6% 5%

0% Maribynong Melbourne

0 - 4 5 - 14 15 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 75 75+

The distribution of age groups in Maribyrnong is similar to that of the MSD, except for a higher proportion in the 25-34 age group (19% compared to 16%).

Youth

A geographic mapping of younger people in Maribyrnong shows that the highest concentration is mainly in Maidstone and Braybrook.

Over 74 year olds

A geographic mapping of older persons in Maribyrnong shows that there are areas with higher densities of older persons in an enclave in Footscray. This could reflect a designated accommodation for the aged.

100

Household structure

Household Structure (2001) 35%

30% 30% 29%

25% 24% 23% 22% 21% 20%

15%

10% 8% 7% 7% 6% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 2% 2%

0% Maribyrnong Melbourne

Couple Only Couple Family: Dependent Children Couple Family: Non-Dependent Children One Parent Family: Dependent Children One Parent Family: Non-Dependent Children Other Family LonePerson Group

Maribyrnong has a significantly higher proportion of lone person households compared to the MSD (30% and to 23% respectively) and a lower proportion of couples with dependent children (21% and 29%).

101

Housing tenure

Housing Tenure (2001) 80% 70% 70%

60% 57%

50% 42% 40% 36% 33% 28% 30% 21% 23% 20%

8% 10% 5% 2% 2% 0% Fully owned Purchasing Home ownership Renting Other type Not stated

Maribyrnong MSD

There is a higher proportion of households renting (33%) and a much smaller proportion owning their homes (57%) in Maribyrnong than in the MSD (23% renting and 70% home ownership).

102

Labour force status

Employment Status (2001) 70%

60% 58%

50% 47%

38% 40% 34%

30%

20%

10% 7% 8% 4% 4%

0% Maribyrnong Melbourne

Employed Unemployed Outside Labour Force Not Stated

The proportion of employed people in Maribyrnong is much lower (47%) than in the MSD (58%).

103

Hours worked

Hours Worked (2001) 45% 41% 40% 36% 35%

30%

25%

20% 18% 16% 17% 15% 15% 12% 12% 11% 9% 10% 7% 6% 5%

0% Maribyrnong MSD

1 - 15 16 - 34 35 - 40 41 - 48 49 or more NS & 0

The proportion of those working the traditional 35-40 hours per week is higher (41%) than in the MSD (36%).

Educational institution attending Maribyrnong MSD N % N % Pre-school 669 1% 48 972 1% Primary 3 653 6% 285 245 8% Secondary 2 894 5% 229 283 7% TAFE 1 666 3% 85 918 3% University or other tertiary 3 518 6% 162 833 5% Other 849 1% 31 788 1% Total attending 13 249 22% 844 039 25% Not attending 40 959 69% 2 328 354 69% Not stated 5 198 9% 27 838 1% Total 59 406 100% 3 366 542 100%

Nearly 13,250 (22%) of Maribyrnong residents are attending some sort of formal education, which is only slightly lower than the numbers for the MSD at 25%.

104

Country of birth Maribyrnong MSD N % N % Australia 30 630 52% 2 195 807 66% Viet Nam 6 760 11% 55 811 2% United Kingdom 1 599 3% 158 139 5% Italy 1 411 2% 80 109 2% Greece 1 231 2% 55 574 2% Other overseas 12 704 21% 604 404 18% Total overseas born 23 705 40% 954 037 29% Not stated 5 071 9% 189 580 6% Total 59 406 100% 3 338 704 100%

The most significant migrant community in Maribyrnong is from Vietnam (11%), which is a much larger proportion than in the MSD (2%).

Language spoken at home Maribyrnong MSD N % N % English only 28 435 48% 2 316 755 69% Vietnamese 7 672 13% 62 978 2% Chinese 3 728 6% 110 645 3% Greek 2 330 4% 118 394 4% Italian 2 236 4% 133 907 4% Macedonian 1 162 2% 30 831 1% Other 9 240 16% 404 293 12% Total other language 26 368 44% 861 048 26% Not stated 4 604 8% 160 901 5% Total 59 407 100% 3 338 704 100%

The largest non-English-speaking language groups in Maribyrnong are Vietnamese and Chinese. The proportion of both of these languages is much higher for Maribyrnong than for the MSD.

Birthplace of parents Maribyrnong MSD N % N % Both parents born in Australia 17 756 30% 1 424 683 43% Father only born overseas 2 805 5% 228 936 7% Mother only born overseas 1 778 3% 142 071 4% Both parents born overseas 30 919 52% 1 329 876 40% Not stated 6 148 10% 213 138 6% Total 59 406 100% 3 338 704 100%

105

Maribyrnong has a high incidence of residents reporting that both of their parents were born outside of Australia (52%), which is higher than figures for the MSD (40%). Only 30% of all Maribyrnong residents report that both parents were born in Australia.

English proficiency (of those who arrived after 1986) Speaks English Maribyrnong MSD N % N % Very well or Well 6 123 64% 191 790 76% Not well or Not at all 3 377 36% 59 464 24% Total 9 500 100% 251 254 100%

Of those persons who arrived to live in Australia after 1986, 36% (3,377) indicated that their English-speaking skills were not very good.

Households with motor vehicles Maribyrnong MSD N % N % No vehicles 4 024 18% 113 895 10% One or more 16 720 74% 1 027 479 86% Not stated 1 737 8% 54 770 5% Total 22 481 100% 1 196 144 100%

Maribyrnong has a much higher proportion of households without cars (18%) than the MSD (10%).

106

Demographic profile: City of Melbourne

The City of Melbourne covers an area of 36.3 square kilometres that includes Melbourne’s city centre and the inner suburbs of Carlton, Parkville, East Melbourne, Kensington, North Melbourne, Docklands and Southbank. It has a resident population of 61,670, but ten times as many people visit the city each day as live in it.

SEIFA Index of Advantage

* The hatched component of the map reflects areas which have no index available.

The map shows the SEIFA Index of Advantage/Disadvantage for the City of Melbourne as compared to the Melbourne Statistical District (MSD). It illustrates that there are mainly areas of high advantage (higher deciles) within the City of Melbourne reflected by the fact that the majority of the collector’s districts displayed in darker colours. An exception to this are enclaves in Kensington, North Melbourne and Carlton, which is due to the state housing authority properties. Areas of higher advantage indicate higher numbers of skilled workers, lower unemployment and households with high incomes as compared to the MSD.

107

SEIFA Index of Disadvantage

* The hatched component of the map reflects areas which have no index available.

This map expands on the previous one and shows the SEIFA Index of Disadvantage for the City of Melbourne compared to the MSD. Unlike the Index of Advantage/ Disadvantage, the Index of Disadvantage does not offset households in advantage against those who are disadvantaged. Therefore it is a better indicator of disadvantage.

Areas with low levels of disadvantage (higher deciles) are in South Yarra, Kensington and parts of Parkville and Carlton. Areas with higher levels of disadvantage (lower deciles) are displayed in lighter colours and are visible as being parts of the CBD and small enclaves in Kensington, North Melbourne and Carlton. These have more households with persons on lower incomes who are likely to be unemployed or underemployed and have low skilled jobs. They are less likely to own their own homes and are more likely to live in overcrowded housing.

108

SEIFA Index of Economic Resources

* The hatched component of the map reflects areas which have no index available.

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Economic Resources for the City of Melbourne compared to the MSD. The map shows that there are a number of households in the higher deciles. This indicates that the majority of households have relatively high incomes. Where properties are being purchased they mostly have high mortgage repayments, as indicated by the darker areas. The lighter areas reflect lower incomes and lower rental amounts.

109

SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation

* The hatched component of the map reflects areas which have no index available.

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation for the City of Melbourne compared to the MSD. Areas shown in darker colours (higher deciles) indicate persons with higher levels of education or currently undertaking further education, and in higher skilled jobs. Areas in lighter colours (lower deciles) show households where occupants have lower levels of education, lower skilled jobs or may be unemployed.

110

SEIFA statistics Advantage/ Disadvantage Economic Education and Disadvantage Resources Occupation City of Melbourne Median 1 157 1 076 1 199 1 199 Minimum 723 345 735 735 Maximum 1 300 1 182 1 293 1 293 Comparison City of Melbourne to MSD Median 9 7 9 10

Minimum 1 1 1 1 Maximum 10 10 10 10 MSD Median 1 035 1 039 1 032 1 021 Minimum 671 257 728 714 Maximum 1 300 1 202 1 317 1 293

This table shows summary data of the SEIFA Indexes in the previous maps. The first and last set of numbers shows the actual Indexes in real terms. The middle table compares the City of Melbourne to the MSD and illustrates where the Indexes fall in each decile. For example, the Advantage/Disadvantage column shows that the City of Melbourne has values in the Index that fall in the 1st and 10th deciles. The median value of 9 indicates that the spread of values falls to the higher end of the Index’s decile range as compared to the MSD. Overall, the comparison figures displayed in this table confirm the information from the previous maps, which show that the majority of the City of Melbourne’s population is weighted towards the advantaged end of the spectrum.

111

Transience

Transience (2001) 100% 16% 36% 80% 42%

71% 60%

40% 84% 64% 58% 20% 29%

0% One Year Ago Five Years Ago One Year Ago Five Years Ago City of Melbourne MSD

Same Address Different Address

In the previous year, 36% of City of Melbourne residents lived at a different address. Five years previously, 71 % lived at a different address. This is in sharp contrast with the transience pattern in the MSD.

112

Transience map

The highest rate of turnover occurs in Docklands. This can indicate a high number of rental properties or a transient population due to high numbers of new developments.

113

Household income

Household Income Quartiles

100%

25% 32% 75%

25% 20% 50%

20% 25%

25%

28% 25%

0% City of Melbourne MSD Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4

When compared to the MSD, the City of Melbourne has a much higher proportion of households in the highest and lowest income quartiles. Middle income ranges only reflect 40% of all households as compared to the MSD’S 50%. The higher proportion of low income households may be evidence of the large number of lone person households.

114

Age groups

Age Group (2001) 30% 28%

25% 23%

20%

16%16% 14% 15% 13% 13% 13% 12%

10% 9% 8% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 3% 4%

0% Melbourne LGA Melbourne SD

0 - 4 5 - 14 15 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 75 75+

The distribution of age groups in the City of Melbourne is quite dissimilar to that of the MSD. There is a much higher proportion of people in the 15-24 (28%) and the 25-34 (23%) age groups. This is counter-balanced by lower proportions in the other age groups.

115

Youth

A geographic mapping of younger people in the City of Melbourne shows that they are concentrated mainly in the CBD, Carlton and North Melbourne.

116

Over 74 year olds

A geographic mapping of older persons in the City of Melbourne shows that there are areas with higher densities of older persons in enclaves of South Yarra, Parkville and North Melbourne.

117

Household structure

Household Structure (2001) 40% 38%

35%

29% 30%

25% 24% 22% 23%

20% 17%

15%

10% 9% 7% 7% 6% 4% 4% 5% 4% 2% 2% 2%

0% Melbourne LGA Melbourne Couple Only Couple Family: Dependent Children Couple Family: Non-Dependent Children One Parent Family: Dependent Children One Parent Family: Non-Dependent Children Other Family LonePerson Group

The City of Melbourne has a high proportion of lone person households (38%) compared to the MSD (23%).

118

Housing tenure

Housing Tenure (2001) 80% 70% 70%

60% 55%

50% 42% 40% 28% 30% 30% 23% 18% 20% 11% 12% 10% 5% 4% 2% 0% Fully owned Purchasing Home ownership Renting Other type Not stated

City of Melbourne MSD

There is a higher proportion of households renting (55%) and a much smaller proportion owning their homes (30%) in the City of Melbourne than in the MSD (renting 23%; home ownership 70%).

Labour force status

Employment Status (2001) 70%

60% 58% 52% 50%

40% 34% 29% 30%

20% 14%

10% 4% 4% 4%

0% Melbourne LGA Melbourne

Employed Unemployed Outside Labour Force Not Stated

The proportion of employed people in the City of Melbourne is slightly lower than in the MSD.

119

Hours worked

Hours Worked (2001) 40% 36% 35%

30% 27% 27%

25%

18% 20% 17% 14% 14% 15% 12% 12% 11% 10% 6% 6% 5%

0% Melbourne LGA MSD

1 - 15 16 - 34 35 - 40 41 - 48 49 or more NS & 0

There is a higher proportion of people working exceptionally long hours (27%) in the City of Melbourne than in the MSD (18%).

Educational institution attending City of Melbourne MSD N % N % Pre-school 211 0% 48 972 1% Primary 1 181 2% 285 245 8% Secondary 1 682 3% 229 283 7% TAFE 1 905 3% 85 918 3% University or other tertiary 12 712 21% 162 833 5% Other 1 062 2% 31 788 1% Total attending 18 753 31% 844 039 25% Not attending 32 314 53% 2 328 354 69% Not stated 9 678 16% 27 838 1% Total 60 745 100% 3 366 542 100%

31% of City of Melbourne residents are attending some sort of formal education, which is a higher proportion than in the MSD (25%).

120

Country of birth City of Melbourne MSD N % N % Australia 30 246 50% 2 195 807 66% United Kingdom 2 645 4% 158 139 5% Malaysia 2 403 4% 23 574 1% Indonesia 2 222 4% 10 516 0% New Zealand 1 426 2% 45 660 1% Other overseas 12 704 21% 716 148 21% Total overseas born 21 400 35% 954 037 29% Not stated 9 099 15% 189 580 6% Total 60 745 100% 3 338 704 100%

The largest migrant communities in the City of Melbourne are from the United Kingdom and Malaysia.

Language spoken at home City of Melbourne MSD N % N % English only 35 090 58% 2 316 755 69% Chinese 6 158 10% 110 645 3% Indonesian 1 885 3% 8 715 0% Italian 1 077 2% 133 907 4% Vietnamese 797 1% 62 978 2% Arabic 678 1% 45 787 1% Other 5 601 9% 499 016 15% Total other language 16 196 27% 861 048 26% Not stated 9 460 16% 160 901 5% Total 60 746 100% 3 338 704 100%

The largest non-English-speaking language groups in the City of Melbourne are Chinese and Indonesian. The proportion of both is significantly larger for the City of Melbourne than for the MSD.

121

Birthplace of parents City of Melbourne MSD N % N % Both parents born in Australia 20 882 34% 1 424 683 43% Father only born overseas 3 097 5% 228 936 7% Mother only born overseas 2 134 4% 142 071 4% Both parents born overseas 24 344 40% 1 329 876 40% Not stated 10 288 17% 213 138 6% Total 60 745 100% 3 338 704 100%

The City of Melbourne has a low incidence of residents reporting that both of their parents were born within Australia (34%), which is lower than for the MSD.

English proficiency (of those who arrived after 1986) Speaks English City of Melbourne MSD N % N % Very well or Well 9 041 87% 191 790 76% Not well or Not at all 1 394 13% 59 464 24% Total 10 435 100% 251 254 100%

Of those who arrived to live in Australia after 1986, 13% (1,394) indicated that their English-speaking skills were not very good. This is a lower proportion than for the MSD.

Households with motor vehicles City of Melbourne MSD N % N % No vehicles 6 091 31% 113 895 10% One or more 12 344 62% 1 027 479 86% Not stated 1 521 8% 54 770 5% Total 19 956 100% 1 196 144 100%

The City of Melbourne has a much lower proportion of motor vehicles than the MSD. This is quite understandable given that the city is well serviced by public transport and there is a paucity of parking available.

122

Demographic profile: City of Moreland

The City of Moreland begins five kilometres north of the Melbourne CBD and covers an area of 51 square kilometres. It comprises the suburbs of Brunswick, Brunswick East, Brunswick West, Coburg, Coburg North, Fawkner, Glenroy, Gowanbrae, Hadfield, Oak Park, Pascoe Vale, Pascoe Vale South. Moreland is a highly developed, densely populated and largely residential area with a population of 135,843. It has a highly diverse population, with generations of residents from all over the world and above average numbers of newly arrived migrants.

SEIFA Index of Advantage

The map shows the SEIFA Index of Advantage/Disadvantage for Moreland compared to the MSD. The deciles for the Index decrease the further away from the GPO they are. Thus Brunswick, Brunswick East and Brunswick West fall into the higher deciles of advantage, whereas Coburg North, Fawkner and Glenroy fall into the lower deciles. The exception to this is Gowanbrae which falls into a high decile. Areas of lower advantage indicate that they have high numbers of unskilled workers, higher unemployment and households with low incomes compared to the MSD.

123

SEIFA Index of Disadvantage

* The hatched component of the map reflects areas which have no index available.

This map expands on the previous one and shows the SEIFA Index of Disadvantage for Moreland compared to the MSD. Unlike the Index of Advantage/Disadvantage, the Index of Disadvantage does not offset households in advantage against those who are disadvantaged. Therefore it is a better indicator of disadvantage.

Areas with low levels of disadvantage (higher deciles) are quite clearly areas along the Maribyrnong River and the Brunswick suburbs. Areas with higher levels of disadvantage (lower deciles) are displayed in lighter colours and are displayed throughout Coburg, Coburg North, Hadfield, Fawkner and Glenroy. These have more households with persons on lower incomes who are likely to be unemployed or underemployed and have low skilled jobs. They are less likely to own their own homes and are more likely to live in overcrowded housing.

124

SEIFA Index of Economic Resources

* The hatched component of the map reflects areas which have no index available.

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Economic Resources for Moreland compared to the MSD. The map shows that there is a large proportion of households in the lower deciles. This indicates that the majority of households have relatively low incomes, live in smaller dwellings and a high number of lower rental properties. The exception to this is Gowanbrae. However, there is a consistent trend along the Maribyrnong River and enclaves in Brunswick showing higher deciles.

125

SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation

* The hatched component of the map reflects areas which have no index available.

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation for Moreland municipal compared to the MSD. Areas shown in darker colours (higher deciles) indicate persons with higher levels of education, or currently undertaking further education and in higher skilled jobs. Areas in lighter colours (lower deciles) show households where occupants have lower levels of education, lower skilled jobs or may be unemployed. The majority of the collector’s districts in the north of the municipality are shown in lighter colours, thus fall below the MSD average. However, the collector’s districts in the south show areas that are relatively high on this scale.

126

SEIFA statistics Advantage/ Disadvantage Economic Education and Disadvantage Resources Occupation Moreland Median 1 004 998 985 1 021 Minimum 827 610 850 835 Maximum 1 175 1 104 1 154 1 192 Comparison Moreland to MSD Median 4 4 3 5 Minimum 1 1 1 1 Maximum 10 9 10 10 MSD Median 1 035 1 039 1 032 1 021 Minimum 671 257 728 714 Maximum 1 300 1 202 1 317 1 293

This table shows summary data of the SEIFA Indexes in the previous maps. The first and last set of numbers shows the actual Indexes in real terms. The middle table compares Moreland to the MSD and illustrates where the Indexes fall in each decile. For example, the Advantage/Disadvantage column shows that Moreland has values in the Index that fall in the 1st and 10th deciles. The median value of 4 indicates that the spread of values falls just to the lower end of the Index’s decile range as compared to the MSD. And this is consistent across the indexes of Disadvantage and Economic Resources. However, the index for Education and Occupation reflects the MSD average. Overall, the comparison figures displayed in this table confirm the information from the previous maps, which show that the majority of Moreland’s population is weighted just somewhat more towards the disadvantaged end of the spectrum.

127

Household income

Household Income Quartiles

100% 18% 25%

75% 23% 25%

50% 27% 25%

25% 32% 25%

0% Moreland MSD Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4

Compared to the MSD, Moreland has a higher proportion of households in the low income quartile (32%) and lower proportions in both the highest income quartiles (18%).

128

Transience

Transience (2001) 100% 17% 16%

80% 39% 42%

60%

40% 83% 84%

61% 58% 20%

0% One Year Ago Five Years Ago One Year Ago Five Years Ago

Moreland MSD

Same Address Different Address

In the previous year, 17% of Moreland residents lived at a different address. Five years previously, 39% lived at a different address. This is similar to the transience pattern in the MSD.

129

Transience map

This map shows transience information geographically and indicates that the highest rate of turnover occurs in Brunswick and Gowanbrae, specifically, those who said they did not live in that area one year previously. This can indicate a high number of rental properties or new developments.

130

Age groups

Age Group (2001) 20% 19%

16% 15% 16% 15% 14% 14% 13% 13%

11% 11% 10% 9% 9% 9% 7% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5%

0% Moreland Melbourne

0 - 4 5 - 14 15 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 75 75+

The distribution of age groups in the Moreland area is similar to that in the MSD, with a slightly higher proportion in the 25-34 year age groups (19% for Moreland compared to 16% for the MSD).

131

Youth

A geographic mapping of younger people in Moreland shows that there are areas throughout the municipality with high levels of youth. Pascoe Vale, Fawkner and Coburg North have low concentrations of young people.

132

Over 74 year olds

A geographic mapping of older persons in Moreland shows that there are areas with higher densities of older persons in enclaves in Coburg, Fawkner, Glenroy and Pascoe Vale. This could reflect a designated accommodation for the aged. Interestingly, there are quite low levels of density in Brunswick, Brunswick East and Brunswick West, indicating a demographic shift with younger people moving into the area.

133

Household structure

Household Structure (2001) 35%

29% 30% 27%

25% 24% 24% 23% 22%

20%

15%

10% 8% 7% 7% 6% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 2% 2%

0% Moreland Melbourne

Couple Only Couple Family: Dependent Children Couple Family: Non-Dependent Children One Parent Family: Dependent Children One Parent Family: Non-Dependent Children Other Family LonePerson Group

Moreland has a significantly lower proportion of couple households with dependent children than the MSD (22% compared to 29%), which is counter-balanced by a lower proportion of lone person households (27% and 23% respectively).

134

Housing tenure

Housing Tenure (2001) 80% 70% 70% 65%

60%

50% 45% 42% 40%

28% 30% 28% 23% 19% 20%

10% 5% 5% 2% 2% 0% Fully owned Purchasing Home ownership Renting Other type Not stated

Moreland MSD

There is a slightly higher proportion of households renting (28%) and a smaller proportion owning their homes (65%) in Moreland than in the MSD (23% renting and 70% home ownership). But, overall, Moreland conforms to the MSD standard.

135

Labour force status

Employment Status (2001) 70%

60% 58% 50% 50%

40% 40% 34%

30%

20%

10% 5% 5%4% 4%

0% Moreland Melbourne

Employed Unemployed Outside Labour Force Not Stated

Moreland has proportionately fewer people in employment (50%) than in the MSD (58%). The shortfall is reflected in the increase in those who identify as being outside the labour force (40%). For the MSD the proportion that falls into this category is 34%.

136

Hours worked

Hours Worked (2001)

50% 45% 45%

40% 36% 35%

30%

25% 18% 20% 16% 17% 15% 12% 12% 10% 10% 11% 10% 7% 6% 5%

0% Moreland Melbourne

1 - 15 16 - 34 35 - 40 41 - 48 49 or more NS & 0

The proportion of those working the traditional 35-40 hours per week is higher (45%) in Moreland than in the MSD (36%). Further, Moreland has a lower proportion of people working more than 48 hours per week (12%) than the MSD (18%).

137

Educational institution attending Moreland MSD N % N % Pre-school 1 507 1% 48 972 1% Primary 8 899 7% 285 245 8% Secondary 6 604 5% 229 283 7% TAFE 3 452 3% 85 918 3% University or other tertiary 7 459 6% 162 833 5% Other 1 353 1% 31 788 1% Total attending 29 274 22% 844 039 25% Not attending 94 549 72% 2 328 354 69% Not stated 6 708 5% 27 838 1% Total 130 531 100% 3 366 542 100%

Over 29,000 (22%) of Moreland residents are attending some sort of formal education, which is lower than that for the MSD at 25%, while the level of educational institution they are attending closely mirrors the trend for the MSD.

Country of birth Moreland MSD N % N % Australia 79 105 61% 2 195 087 66% Italy 11 336 9% 80 109 2% Greece 4 425 3% 55 574 2% Lebanon 2 925 2% 13 916 0% United Kingdom 2 915 2% 158 139 5% Turkey 1 850 1% 14 020 0% New Zealand 1 520 1% 45 660 1% China 1 445 1% 35 844 1% Malta 1 363 1% 20 421 1% Other overseas 15 967 12% 530 354 16% Total overseas born 43 746 34% 954 037 29% Not stated 7 680 6% 189 580 6% Total 130 531 100% 3 338 704 100%

Overall, there is a higher proportion of people who were born overseas in Moreland (34%) than in the MSD (29%), with the most significant migrant community being from Italy (9%).

138

Language spoken at home Moreland MSD N % N % English only 69 328 53% 2 316 755 69% Italian 18 942 15% 133 907 4% Greek 9 001 7% 118 394 4% Arabic 8 095 6% 45 787 1% Turkish 2 990 2% 26 620 1% Chinese 2 491 2% 110 645 3% Maltese 1 209 1% 20 272 1% Vietnamese 1 064 1% 62 978 2% Other 11 049 8% 342 445 10% Total other language 54 841 42% 861 048 26% Not stated 6 362 5% 160 901 5% Total 130 531 100% 3 338 704 100%

The largest non-English-speaking language groups in Moreland are Italian (15%), Greek (7%) and Arabic (6%). The proportion of each of these is much higher than in the MSD. In addition to this, only 53% of residents speak English only, which is a much smaller proportion than that for the MSD (69%).

Birthplace of parents Moreland MSD N % N % Both parents born in Australia 43 415 33% 1 424 683 43% Father only born overseas 8 125 6% 228 936 7% Mother only born overseas 4 451 3% 142 071 4% Both parents born overseas 65 648 50% 1 329 876 40% Not stated 8 892 7% 213 138 6% Total 130 531 100% 3 338 704 100%

Moreland has a high incidence of residents reporting that both of their parents were born outside of Australia (50%), which is higher than figures for the MSD (40%). Only 33% of all Moreland residents report that both parents were born in Australia.

English proficiency (of those who arrived after 1986) Speaks English Moreland MSD N % N % Very well or Well 7 864 77% 191 790 76% Not well or Not at all 2 321 23% 59 464 24% Total 10 185 100% 251 254 100%

Of those persons who arrived to live in Australia after 1986, 23% (2,412) indicated that their English-speaking skills were not very good, this reflects that proportion for the rest of the MSD.

139

Households with motor vehicles Moreland MSD N % N % No vehicles 7 635 15% 113 895 10% One or more 40 024 79% 1 027 479 86% Not stated 2 852 6% 54 770 5% Total 50 511 100% 1 196 144 100%

Moreland has a much lower proportion of households with cars (79%) than the MSD (86%). This could reflect the economic status of the area or that Moreland is well serviced by public transport or a combination of both.

140

Demographic profile: Shire of Nillumbik

The Shire of Nillumbik lies 25 kilometres north-east of Melbourne, and its southern boundary is the Yarra River. It is quite unusual for a Melbourne municipality in that it has components of rural areas, while still being defined as within the Melbourne Metropolitan boundary. The shire has an estimated population of 58,160 and covers an area of 430 square kilometres, ranging from typical urban settings to remote and tranquil bush properties.

SEIFA Index of Advantage

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Advantage/Disadvantage for Nillumbik as compared to the MSD. It illustrates that there are mainly areas of high advantage (higher deciles) within Nillumbik reflected by the fact that the majority of the collector’s districts are displayed in darker colours. An exception to this is in an area in Eltham. Areas of higher advantage indicate that they have higher numbers of skilled workers, lower unemployment and households with higher incomes as compared to the MSD.

141

SEIFA Index of Advantage by local government area

The previous map compared Nillumbik to the MSD and showed mostly high levels of advantage, making it difficult to ascertain which areas within Nillumbik were more or less advantaged. Above the SEIFA Index of Advantage/Disadvantage is mapped in quintiles comparing values for Nillumbik internally. It shows Plenty, Eltham and the collector’s districts to the north of the shire have more disadvantage, while Kangaroo Ground, Eltham and Warrandyte have high levels of advantage.

142

SEIFA Index of Disadvantage compared to MSD

This map expands on the previous two and shows the SEIFA Index of Disadvantage for Nillumbik compared to the MSD. Unlike the Index of Advantage/Disadvantage, the Index of Disadvantage does not offset households in advantage against those who are disadvantaged. Therefore it is a better indicator of disadvantage.

Areas with low levels of disadvantage (higher deciles) are reflected throughout the shire. Areas with higher levels of disadvantage (lower deciles) are displayed in lighter colours and are confirmed as being small enclaves in Eltham. These have more households with persons on lower incomes who are likely to be unemployed or underemployed and have low skilled jobs. They are less likely to own their own homes and are more likely to live in overcrowded housing.

143

SEIFA Index of Disadvantage by local government area

This map complements the previous one and shows the SEIFA Index of Disadvantage mapped by quintiles for Nillumbik only. Areas to the north and south-east and Eltham have the highest levels of disadvantage, while Warrandyte, Research, parts of Eltham and Eltham North are the least disadvantaged areas.

144

SEIFA Index of Economic Resources compared to MSD

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Economic Resources for Nillumbik compared to the MSD. Throughout the shire, there are a large number of households in the higher deciles. This indicates that the majority of households have relatively high incomes. Where properties are being purchased they mostly have high mortgage repayments, while there are few low rental properties.

145

SEIFA Index of Economic Resources by local government area

This map shows the SEIFA Index for Economic Resources mapped by quintiles for the Nillumbik area only. It compares the indexes within Nillumbik. Eltham, Warrandyte and Greensborough fall into the higher quintiles, while the rural areas in the north and east have the lowest levels.

146

SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation compared to MSD

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation for Nillumbik compared to the MSD. Areas shown in darker colours (higher deciles) indicate persons with higher levels of education, or currently undertaking further education and in higher skilled jobs. Areas in lighter colours (lower deciles) show households where occupants have lower levels of education, lower skilled jobs or may be unemployed. Most of the shire falls into the higher deciles, with Warrandyte and Kangaroo Ground topping the list.

147

SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation by local government area

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation by quintiles for the Nillumbik area only. The areas in the west of the shire fall in the lowest quintile, indicating households where occupants have lower levels of education, lower skilled jobs or may be unemployed.

148

SEIFA statistics Advantage/ Disadvantage Economic Education and Disadvantage Resources Occupation Nillumbik Median 1 102 1 110 1 107 1 076 Minimum 974 1 002 901 999 Maximum 1 204 1 164 1 234 1 184 Comparison Nillumbik to MSD Median 8 9 8 7 Minimum 3 4 1 5 Maximum 10 10 10 10 MSD Median 1 035 1 039 1 032 1 021 Minimum 671 257 728 714 Maximum 1 300 1 202 1 317 1 293

This table shows summary data of the SEIFA Indexes in the previous maps. The first and last set of numbers shows the actual Indexes in real terms.

The middle table compares Nillumbik to the MSD and illustrates where the Indexes fall in each decile. For example, the Advantage/Disadvantage column shows that Nillumbik has values in the Index that fall in the 3rd and 10th deciles. The median value of 8 indicates that the spread of values falls to the higher end of the Index’s decile range as compared to the MSD. This is reflected throughout all of the indexes. Specifically, the Index of Economic Resources shows the full range of deciles.

Overall, the comparison figures displayed in this table confirm the information from the previous maps, which show that the majority of Nillumbik’s population is weighted towards the advantaged end of the spectrum.

149

Transience

Transience (2001) 100% 11% 16% 35% 80% 42%

60%

89% 40% 84% 65% 58% 20%

0% One Year Ago Five Years Ago One Year Ago Five Years Ago Nillumbik MSD

Same Address Different Address

In the previous year, 11% of Nillumbik residents lived at a different address. Five years previously, 16 % lived at a different address. This is in sharp contrast to the transience pattern in the MSD and shows that Nillumbik has a much more stable population.

150

Transience map

The highest rate of transience is in Plenty. This can indicate a high number of rental properties or new housing developments.

151

Household income

Household Income Quartiles

100%

25% 39% 75%

25%

50% 29% 25%

25% 19%

25% 13% 0% Nillumbik MSD Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4

When compared to the MSD, Nillumbik has a much higher proportion of households in the highest income quartile (39%) and a much smaller proportion in the lowest income quartile (13%).

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Age groups

Age Group (2001) 20% 18% 18% 17% 16%16% 15% 15% 14% 13% 13% 12%

10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 3% 2%

0% Nillumbik Melbourne

0 - 4 5 - 14 15 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 75 75+

There are a greater proportion of persons in the 5-14 age group (18%) for Nillumbik than in the MSD (13%). Furthermore, only 5% of the population of Nillumbik is 65 or over, whereas the proportion for the MSD is 12%.

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Youth

A geographic mapping of younger people in Nillumbik shows that the concentration is mainly in Eltham and Plenty.

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Over 74 year olds

A geographic mapping of older persons in Nillumbik shows that there are areas with higher densities of older persons in enclaves of Eltham and North Warrandyte and in the north-west of the shire.

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Household structure

Household Structure (2001) 50% 47%

45%

40%

35%

29% 30%

24% 25% 23% 21% 20%

15% 12%

10% 9% 7% 7% 6% 4% 4% 5% 3% 2% 1% 1% 0% Nillumbik Melbourne

Couple Only Couple Family: Dependent Children Couple Family: Non-Dependent Children One Parent Family: Dependent Children One Parent Family: Non-Dependent Children Other Family LonePerson Group

The highest proportion of households in Nillumbik are made up of couples with dependent children (47%), which is higher than that for the MSD (29%). Further, there is a much smaller proportion of lone person households (12%, compared to 23% for the MSD).

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Housing tenure

Housing Tenure (2001) 100% 90% 86% 80% 70% 70% 60% 50% 43%42% 43% 40% 28% 30% 23% 20% 9% 10% 5% 2% 2% 3% 0% Fully owned Purchasing Home ownership Renting Other type Not stated

Nillumbik MSD

There is a higher proportion of home ownership (86%) and a much smaller proportion of households renting (9%) in Nillumbik than in the MSD (70% home ownership and 23% renting).

157

Labour force status

Employment Status (2001) 80% 71% 70%

60% 58%

50%

40% 34%

30% 24%

20%

10% 4% 3% 2% 4% 0% Nillumbik Melbourne

Employed Unemployed Outside Labour Force Not Stated

The proportion of employed people in Nillumbik is significantly higher (71%) than in the MSD (58%) and there is a smaller proportion outside the labour force (Nillumbik 24% and the MSD 34%).

Hours worked

Hours Worked (2001) 50% 45% 45%

40% 36% 35%

30%

25%

20% 17% 18% 16% 15% 12% 12% 10% 10% 11% 10% 7% 6% 5%

0% Nillumbik MSD

1 - 15 16 - 34 35 - 40 41 - 49 49+ NS & 0

There is a higher proportion of people working traditional full-time hours (45%) in Nillumbik than in the MSD (36%).

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Educational institution attending Nillumbik MSD N % N % Pre-school 1 194 2% 48 972 1% Primary 6 817 12% 285 245 8% Secondary 5 841 10% 229 283 7% TAFE 1 507 3% 85 918 3% University or other tertiary 2 582 4% 162 833 5% Other 435 1% 31 788 1% Total attending 18 376 32% 844 039 25% Not attending 37 915 65% 2 328 354 69% Not stated 1 639 3% 27 838 1% Total 57 930 100% 3366 542 100%

32% of Nillumbik residents are attending some sort of formal education, which is higher than the proportion for the MSD at 25%.

Country of birth Nillumbik MSD N % N % Australia 47 564 82% 2 195 087 66% United Kingdom 2 930 5% 158 139 5% Italy 834 1% 80 109 2% New Zealand 498 1% 45 660 1% Germany 377 1% 21 794 1% Other overseas 3 521 6% 648 335 19% Total overseas born 8 160 14% 954 037 29% Not stated 2 206 4% 189 580 6% Total 57 930 100% 3 338 704 100%

The majority of migrant communities in Nillumbik come from English-speaking countries. The largest communities come from the United Kingdom and Italy, which is a similar proportion to the MSD. Interestingly, 82% of residents were born in Australia, which is much higher than for the MSD (66%).

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Language spoken at home

Nillumbik MSD N % N % English only 51 899 90% 2 316 755 69% Italian 1 394 2% 133 907 4% Greek 497 1% 118 394 4% Macedonian 310 1% 30 831 1% German 278 0% 16 043 0% Chinese 213 0% 110 645 3% Other 1 652 3% 451 228 14% Total other language 4 344 7% 861 048 26% Not stated 1 689 3% 160 901 5% Total 57 932 100% 3 338 704 100%

The largest non-English-speaking language groups in Nillumbik are Italian (2%) and Greek (1%). Overall, the proportion of those speaking a language other than English is much lower (7%) than in the MSD (26%).

Birthplace of parents Nillumbik MSD N % N % Both parents born in Australia 35 657 62% 1 424 683 43% Father only born overseas 4 559 8% 228 936 7% Mother only born overseas 2 828 5% 142 071 4% Both parents born overseas 12 498 22% 1329 876 40% Not stated 2 390 4% 213 138 6% Total 57 932 100% 3 338 704 100%

Nillumbik has a high incidence of residents reporting that both of their parents were born within Australia (62%), which is higher than figures for the MSD (43%). Only 22% of all Nillumbik residents report that both parents were born overseas.

English proficiency (of those who arrived after 1986) Speaks English Nillumbik MSD N % N % Very well or Well 518 94% 191 790 76% Not well or Not at all 34 6% 59 464 24% Total 552 100% 251 254 100%

Of those persons who arrived to live in Australia after 1986, 6% (552) indicated that their English-speaking skills were not very good. However, Nillumbik has a much lower rate of new arrivals than the MSD, making this a very small number.

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Households with motor vehicles

Nillumbik MSD N % N % No vehicles 501 3% 113 895 10% One or more 17 194 95% 1 027 479 86% Not stated 456 3% 54 770 5% Total 18 151 100% 1 196 144 100%

Nillumbik has a much higher proportion of households with motor vehicles (95%) than the MSD (86%). This is quite understandable given that Nillumbik is located far from the CBD and has limited public transport.

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Demographic profile: City of Port Phillip

The City of Port Phillip is an area of 20.6 square kilometres located on the northern shore of Port Phillip Bay, just south of the Melbourne CBD. It includes the suburbs of Albert Park, Middle Park, Balaclava, East St Kilda, Elwood, Port Melbourne, Garden City, Beacon Cove, Ripponlea, South Melbourne, St Kilda Road, St Kilda, St Kilda South, St Kilda West and Windsor.

SEIFA Index of Advantage

The map shows the SEIFA Index of Advantage/Disadvantage for Port Phillip as compared to the MSD. It illustrates that there are mainly areas of high advantage (higher deciles) within Port Phillip, reflected by the fact that the majority of the collector’s districts are displayed in darker colours. An exception to this are some areas in South Melbourne and Port Melbourne. Areas of higher advantage indicate that they have higher numbers of skilled workers, lower unemployment and households with higher incomes as compared to the MSD.

162

SEIFA Index of Disadvantage

This map expands on the previous one and shows the SEIFA Index of Disadvantage for Port Phillip compared to the MSD. Unlike the Index of Advantage/Disadvantage, the Index of Disadvantage does not offset households in advantage against those who are disadvantaged. Therefore it is a better indicator of disadvantage.

The map shows that there are mainly areas of high advantage (higher deciles) throughout Middle Park, Albert Park, St. Kilda West and Elwood. South Melbourne, Port Melbourne and St Kilda East have enclaves of low advantage. Areas of higher advantage indicate higher numbers of skilled workers, lower unemployment and households with higher incomes as compared to the MSD.

163

SEIFA Index of Economic Resources

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Economic Resources for Port Phillip compared to the MSD. The map shows that there are a number of households in the higher deciles (darker areas). This indicates that the majority of households have relatively high incomes and where properties are being purchased they mostly have high mortgage repayments. The lighter areas reflect lower incomes and lower rental amounts. Once again, some areas of Port Melbourne, St Kilda East and South Melbourne have fallen into the lower deciles.

164

SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation for Port Phillip compared to the MSD and show that most of the city falls into the higher deciles on the index. Areas shown in darker colours (higher deciles) indicate persons with higher levels of education, or currently undertaking further education and in higher skilled jobs. Areas in lighter colours (lower deciles) show households where occupants have lower levels of education, lower skilled jobs or may be unemployed.

165

SEIFA statistics Advantage/Disadvantage Disadvantage Economic Education and Resources Occupation Port Phillip Median 1 146 1 094 1 122 1 172 Minimum 784 561 745 871 Maximum 1 240 1 162 1 293 1 246 Comparison Port Phillip to MSD Median 9 8 9 10 Minimum 1 1 1 1 Maximum 10 10 10 10 MSD Median 1 035 1 039 1 032 10 Minimum 671 257 728 1 Maximum 1 300 1 202 1 317 10

This table shows summary data of the SEIFA Indexes in the previous maps. The first and last set of numbers shows the actual Indexes in real terms.

The middle table compares Port Phillip local government area to the MSD and illustrates where the Indexes fall in each decile. For example, the Advantage/Disadvantage column shows that Port Phillip has values in the Index that fall in the 1st and 10th deciles. The median value of 9 indicates that the spread of values falls to the higher end of the Index’s decile range as compared to the MSD.

Overall, the comparison figures displayed in this table confirm the information from the previous maps, which show that the majority of Port Phillip’s population is weighted towards the advantaged end of the spectrum.

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Transience

Transience (2001) 100% 16% 29% 80% 42% 61%

60%

40% 84% 71% 58% 20% 39%

0% One Year Ago Five Years Ago One Year Ago Five Years Ago Port Phillip MSD

Same Address Different Address

In the previous year, 29% of Port Phillip residents lived at a different address. Five years previously, 61% lived at a different address. This a much higher than the transience pattern than in the MSD.

167

Transience map

The highest rate of transience is in St. Kilda, South Melbourne and Albert Park. This can indicate a high number of rental properties or a transient population due to high numbers of new developments.

168

Household income

Household Income Quartiles

100%

25% 32% 75%

25% 22% 50%

22% 25%

25%

24% 25%

0% Port Phillip MSD Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4

When compared to the MSD, Port Phillip has a much higher proportion of households in the highest income quartile and slightly smaller proportions in the lowest two income quartiles.

169

Age groups

Age Group (2001) 35%

30% 28%

25%

20% 17% 16%16% 14% 15% 13% 13% 12% 12%

10% 8% 9% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 6% 4% 5%

0% Port Phillip Melbourne

0 - 4 5 - 14 15 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 75 75+

The distribution of age groups in Port Phillip shows that, compared to Melbourne, there is a much higher proportion of persons in the 25-34 age group, 28% and 16% respectively. This is counter-balanced by lower proportions in the other age groups; however, the other age groups within Port Phillip appear to reflect similar proportions to the MSD when holding the 25-34 age group constant.

170

Youth

A geographic mapping of younger people in Port Phillip shows that there is a consistent spread throughout the area, with a slightly higher density to the north-east of Albert Park.

171

Over 74 year olds

A geographic mapping of older persons in Port Phillip shows that there are areas with higher densities of older persons in enclaves of Port Melbourne, Albert Park and Balaclava. There is a high density in Prahran, just north of St Kilda, reflecting a specific accommodation for the aged.

172

Household structure

Household Structure (2001) 50%

45% 42%

40%

35%

29% 30%

25% 24% 25% 23%

20%

15% 11% 11% 10% 7% 7% 4% 4% 5% 4% 2% 2% 2% 2%

0% Port Phillip Melbourne

Couple Only Couple Family: Dependent Children Couple Family: Non-Dependent Children One Parent Family: Dependent Children One Parent Family: Non-Dependent Children Other Family LonePerson Group

There is an exceptionally high proportion of lone person households (42%) in Port Phillip as compared to the MSD (23%). There is also a considerably lower proportion of couple families with dependent children – 11% for Port Phillip and 29% for the MSD.

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Lone person households

Because of the exceptionally large number of lone person households, this map is included to show their location.

A geographic mapping of lone person households in Port Phillip shows that they are concentrated mainly in South Melbourne and Port Melbourne, with high densities also found in Elwood, Ripponlea and St. Kilda .

174

Housing tenure

Housing Tenure (2001) 80% 70% 70%

60%

50% 48% 42% 40% 40%

28% 30% 24% 23% 20% 17% 10% 10% 5% 2% 2% 0% Fully owned Purchasing Home ownership Renting Other type Not stated

Port Phillip MSD

Data for housing tenure in Port Phillip shows that there is a much higher proportion of households renting (48%) than in the MSD (23%). This contrasts with the lower levels of home ownership (Port Phillip 40%, MSD 70%).

Labour force status

Employment Status (2001) 70% 63%

60% 58%

50%

40% 34%

30% 24%

20%

9% 10% 4% 4% 4%

0% Port Phillip Melbourne

Employed Unemployed Outside Labour Force Not Stated

The proportion of employed people in Port Phillip (63%) is higher than in the MSD (58%).

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Hours worked

Hours Worked (2001) 40% 36% 35% 32%

30% 26% 25%

18% 20% 17% 15% 15% 15% 12% 11% 10% 8% 6% 5% 5%

0% Port Phillip MSD

1 - 15 16 - 34 35 - 40 41 - 48 49 or more NS & 0

There is a higher proportion of people working exceptionally long hours of over 40 hours per week in Port Phillip (41%) than in the MSD (30%).

Educational institution attending Port Phillip MSD N % N % Pre-school 657 1% 48 972 1% Primary 2 649 3% 285 245 8% Secondary 2 126 3% 229 283 7% TAFE 1 996 3% 85 918 3% University or other tertiary 5 774 7% 162 833 5% Other 1 224 2% 31 788 1% Total attending 14 426 18% 844 039 25% Not attending 56 328 72% 2 328 354 69% Not stated 7 473 10% 27 838 1% Total 78 227 100% 3 366 542 100%

Nearly 14,500 (18%) of Port Phillip residents are attending some sort of formal education, which is a much lower proportion than in the MSD (25%). This is attributable to the low numbers of school aged children in the municipality.

176

Country of birth Port Phillip MSD N % N % Australia 47 815 61% 2 195 807 66% United Kingdom 4 285 5% 158 139 5% New Zealand 2 125 3% 45 660 1% Greece 1 527 2% 55 574 2% Poland 871 1% 18 069 1% Other overseas 13 523 17% 676 595 20% Total overseas born 22 331 29% 954 037 29% Not stated 8 081 10% 189 580 6% Total 78 227 100% 3 338 704 100%

The largest migrant communities in Port Phillip are from the United Kingdom and New Zealand.

Language spoken at home Port Phillip MSD N % N % English only 55 318 71% 2 316 755 69% Greek 3 149 4% 118 394 4% Russian 1 925 2% 13 354 0% Chinese 1 567 2% 110 645 3% Italian 1 154 1% 133 907 4% Polish 651 1% 17 777 1% Other 6 807 9% 466 971 14% Total other language 15 253 19% 861 048 26% Not stated 7 657 10% 160 901 5% Total 78 228 100% 3 338 704 100%

The largest non-English-speaking language groups in Port Phillip are Greek and Russian. The proportion of Russians is significantly larger for Port Phillip than for the MSD.

177

Birthplace of parents Port Phillip MSD N % N % Both parents born in Australia 32 061 41% 1 424 683 43% Father only born overseas 5 734 7% 228 936 7% Mother only born overseas 3 550 5% 142 071 4% Both parents born overseas 28 400 36% 1 329 876 40% Not stated 8 482 11% 213 138 6% Total 78 227 100% 3 338 704 100%

41% of Port Phillip residents reported that both of their parents were born within Australia, which is slightly lower than for the MSD (43%).

English proficiency (of those who arrived after 1986) Speaks English Port Phillip MSD N % N % Very well or Well 4 144 76% 191 790 76% Not well or Not at all 1 335 24% 59 464 24% Total 5 479 100% 251 254 100%

Of those persons who arrived to live in Australia after 1986, 24% (1,335) indicated that their English-speaking skills were not very good. This reflects exactly the proportion for the MSD.

Households with motor vehicles Port Phillip MSD N % N % No vehicles 6 737 19% 113 895 10% One or more 26 457 74% 1 027 479 86% Not stated 2 470 7% 54 770 5% Total 35 664 100% 1 196 144 100%

Port Phillip has a much higher proportion of households without motor vehicles (19%) than the MSD (10%). This may reflect that Port Phillip is well serviced by public transport, or there may be a significant proportion of residents unable or unwilling to own their own car.

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Demographic profile: City of Whittlesea

The City of Whittlesea is located on the metropolitan fringe approximately 20 kilometres to the north of the Melbourne CBD. It is a large municipality that covers approximately 487 square kilometres. It has a population of 127,000, which is forecast to double in the next 20 years, making it Victoria’s fastest growing municipality. It includes Bundoora, Thomastown, Lalor, Mill Park, Epping, South Morang, Doreen, Mernda, Wollert, Yan Yean, Eden Park, Whittlesea, Woodstock, Donnybrook and Humevale. Residents come from a diverse range of cultural backgrounds, with a very high percentage born in other countries, particularly Macedonia, Italy and Greece. Over half are from non-English- speaking backgrounds.

SEIFA Index of Advantage

The map shows the SEIFA Index of Advantage/Disadvantage for Whittlesea compared to the MSD. It illustrates that there are mainly areas of low advantage (lower deciles) within Whittlesea reflected by the fact that the majority of the collector’s districts are displayed in lighter colours. An exception to this is in the Bundoora area and in enclaves of Eden Park and South Morang. Areas of lower advantage indicate that they have high

179

numbers of unskilled workers, higher unemployment and households with low incomes compared to the MSD.

SEIFA Index of Disadvantage

This map expands on the previous one and shows the SEIFA Index of Disadvantage for Whittlesea compared to the MSD. Unlike the Index of Advantage/Disadvantage, the Index of Disadvantage does not offset households in advantage against those who are disadvantaged. Therefore it is a better indicator of disadvantage.

Areas with low levels of disadvantage (higher deciles) are quite clearly areas within the south-east of Yan Yean and Whittlesea. Areas with higher levels of disadvantage (lower deciles) are displayed in lighter colours and are spread across the municipality. These have more households with persons on lower incomes, who are likely to be unemployed or underemployed and have low skilled jobs. They are less likely to own their own homes and are more likely to live in overcrowded housing.

180

SEIFA Index of Economic Resources

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Economic Resources for Whittlesea compared to the MSD. The map shows that there is a large proportion of households in the lower deciles. This indicates that the majority of households have relatively low incomes, live in smaller dwellings and a high number of lower rental properties. The exception to this is Bundoora, the north-west of Whittlesea and the enclave south-east of Yan Yean.

181

SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation

This map shows the SEIFA Index of Education and Occupation for Whittlesea compared to the MSD. Areas shown in darker colours (higher deciles) indicate persons with higher levels of education, or currently undertaking further education and in higher skilled jobs. Areas in lighter colours (lower deciles) show households where occupants have lower levels of education, lower skilled jobs or may be unemployed. The majority of the collector’s districts are shown in lighter colours, thus fall below the MSD average.

182

SEIFA statistics Advantage/Disadvantage Disadvantage Economic Education and Resources Occupation Whittlesea Median 961.6 978.24 980.88 927.52 Minimum 820.16 804.8 869.76 804.48 Maximum 1105.04 1122.56 1164.64 1052.32 Comparison Whittlesea to MSD Median 3 3 3 2 Minimum 1 1 1 1 Maximum 8 9 10 6 MSD Median 1034.72 1039.36 1032.4 1020.56 Minimum 671.28 256.64 728.08 714.08 Maximum 1300.16 1202.4 1316.64 1293.2

This table shows summary data of the SEIFA Indexes in the previous maps. The first and last set of numbers shows the actual Indexes in real terms. The middle table compares Whittlesea to the MSD and illustrates where the Indexes fall in each decile. For example, the Advantage/Disadvantage column shows that Whittlesea has values in the Index that fall in the 1st and 8th deciles. The median value of 3 indicates that the spread of values falls to the low end of the Index’s decile range as compared to the MSD. And this is consistent across the indexes. Overall, the comparison figures displayed in this table confirm the information from the previous maps, which show that the majority of Whittlesea’s population is weighted towards the disadvantaged end of the spectrum.

183

Transience

Transience (2001) 100% 13% 16% 36% 80% 42%

60%

87% 40% 84% 64% 58% 20%

0% One Year Ago Five Years Ago One Year Ago Five Years Ago

Whittlesea MSD

Same Address Different Address

In the previous year, 13% of Whittlesea residents lived at a different address. Five years previously, 36% lived at a different address. This shows a slightly more stable population in contrast to the transience pattern in the MSD.

184

Transience map

The highest rate of transience occurs in the Whittlesea township, and in Epping, South Morang and Mill Park. This can indicate a high number of rental properties or new developments.

185

Household income

Household Income Quartiles

100%

20% 25%

75% 30% 25%

50%

28% 25%

25%

22% 25%

0% Whittlesea MSD Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4

When compared to the MSD, Whittlesea has a higher proportion of households in the middle income quartiles, and lower proportions in both the highest and lowest income quartiles.

186

Age groups

Age Group (2001) 20%

16% 16% 16% 16%16% 15% 15% 14% 13% 13% 13%

10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 3%

0% Whittlesea Melbourne

0 - 4 5 - 14 15 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 75 75+

The distribution of age groups in Whittlesea is similar to that in the MSD, with a slightly lower proportion in the older age groups.

187

Youth

A geographic mapping of younger people in Whittlesea shows that the highest concentration is mainly in Epping and Mill Park.

188

Over 79 year olds

A geographic mapping of older persons in Whittlesea shows that there are areas with higher densities of older persons in enclaves in South Morang and parts of Epping. This could reflect a designated accommodation for the aged.

189

Household structure

Household Structure (2001) 50%

45% 40% 40%

35%

29% 30%

24% 25% 23% 22%

20%

15% 12% 11%

10% 8% 7% 7% 4% 4% 5% 4% 1% 2% 2% 0% Whittlesea Melbourne

Couple Only Couple Family: Dependent Children Couple Family: Non-Dependent Children One Parent Family: Dependent Childre One Parent Family: Non-Dependent Children Other Family LonePerson Group

There are a significantly higher proportion of couple households with dependent children (40% compared to 29%) and a smaller proportion of lone person households in Whittlesea than in the MSD (11% compared to 23%).

190

Housing tenure

Housing Tenure (2001) 90% 78% 80% 70% 70%

60% 48% 50% 42% 40% 30%28% 30% 23% 20% 15% 10% 5% 3% 2% 4% 0% Fully owned Purchasing Home Rented Other Not stated Ownership

Whittlesea MSD

Data for housing tenure shows that there is a lower proportion of households renting (15%) and a higher proportion in home ownership (78%) in Whittlesea than there are in the MSD (23% renting and 70% home ownership).

191

Labour force status

Employment Status (2001) 70%

60% 57% 58%

50%

40% 35% 34%

30%

20%

10% 5% 3% 4% 4%

0% Whittlesea Melbourne

Employed Unemployed Outside Labour Force Not Stated

Labour force status in Whittlesea closely reflects that of the MSD.

Hours worked

Hours Worked (2001) 50% 44% 45%

40% 36% 35%

30%

25%

20% 18% 16% 17% 15% 13% 12% 10% 10% 11% 10% 7% 6% 5%

0% Whittlesea MSD

1 - 15 16 - 34 35 - 40 41 - 48 49 or more NS & 0

The proportion of people working the traditional 35-40 hours per week is higher (44%) in Whittlesea than in the MSD (36%). There is a lower proportion of people working more than 48 hours per week in Whittlesea (13%) than in the MSD (18%).

192

Educational institution attending Whittlesea MSD N % N % Pre-school 1 811 2% 48 972 1% Primary 11 313 10% 285 245 8% Secondary 8 752 8% 229 283 7% TAFE 2 886 3% 85 918 3% University or other tertiary 3 333 3% 162 833 5% Other 816 1% 31 788 1% Total attending 28 911 25% 844 039 25% Not attending 79 867 70% 2 328 354 69% Not stated 298 0% 27 838 1% Total 114 082 100% 3 366 542 100%

Nearly 29,000 (25%) of Whittlesea residents are attending some sort of formal education, the same as in the MSD.

Country of birth Whittlesea MSD N % N % Australia 69 686 61% 2 195 087 66% Italy 6 808 6% 80 109 2% Macedonia 6 112 5% 18 466 1% Greece 4 392 4% 55 574 2% United Kingdom 2 145 2% 158 139 5% Malta 1 121 1% 20 421 1% Lebanon 1 010 1% 13 916 0% Other overseas 16 689 15% 607 412 18% Total overseas born 38 277 34% 954 037 29% Not stated 5 821 5% 189 580 6% Total 113 784 100% 3 338 704 100%

The most significant migrant communities in Whittlesea are from Italy (6%) and Macedonia (5%).

193

Language spoken at home Whittlesea MSD N % N % English only 57 339 50% 2 316 755 69% Italian 12 211 11% 133 907 4% Macedonian 11 346 10% 30 831 1% Greek 7 458 7% 118 394 4% Arabic (including Lebanese) 3 734 3% 45 787 1% Vietnamese 2 679 2% 62 978 2% Other 14 673 13% 469 151 14% Total other language 52 101 46% 861 048 26% Not stated 4 346 4% 160 901 5% Total 113 786 100% 3 338 704 100%

The largest non-English-speaking language groups in Whittlesea are Italian and Macedonian. The proportion of both of these languages is significantly higher for Whittlesea than for the MSD.

Birthplace of parents Whittlesea MSD N % N % Both parents born in Australia 35 549 31% 1 424 683 43% Father only born overseas 7 043 6% 228 936 7% Mother only born overseas 3 445 3% 142 071 4% Both parents born overseas 60 465 53% 1329 876 40% Not stated 7 282 6% 213 138 6% Total 113 784 100% 3 338 704 100%

Whittlesea has a high incidence of residents reporting that both of their parents were born outside of Australia (53%), which is higher than figures for the MSD (40%). Only 31% report that both parents were born in Australia.

English proficiency (of those who arrived after 1986) Speaks English Whittlesea MSD N % N % Very well or Well 7 428 75% 191 790 76% Not well or Not at all 2 412 25% 59 464 24% Total 9 840 100% 251 254 100%

Of those persons who arrived to live in Australia after 1986, 25% (2,412) indicated that their English-speaking skills were not very good, which reflects the proportion for the rest of the MSD.

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Distribution of speakers with low English proficiency

A geographic mapping of persons whose English language skills are poor shows that the major concentration is in Lalor and Thomastown.

Households with motor vehicles Whittlesea MSD N % N % No vehicles 1 751 5% 113 895 10% One or more 31 956 92% 1 027 479 86% Not stated 1 198 3% 54 770 5% Total 34 905 98% 1 196 144 100%

Whittlesea has a much higher proportion of households with cars (92%) than does the MSD (86%).

195