Enabling the Business of Agriculture 2019

Enabling the Business of Agriculture 2019

Enabling the Business of Agriculture 2019

Enabling the Business of Agriculture 2019 © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved

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ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-1387-0 ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-1388-7 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1387-0

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been requested. Experts Acknowledgments Country Tables Summaries of Data Notes References Findings About Foreword Contents Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture ...... Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture ...... Reforms between 2016 and2018 ...... 86 89 49 vii 25 22 41 7 1 v Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019

World BankGroup Development Economics Senior Director Simeon Djankov to play inhelpingfarmsandfarmers grow andflourish. Theevidence for thatishere inthefollowing pages. The reportshows thatfarmers’ seedsneednotbecastonstony ground, andgovernments have abigrole can measure upto thetaskofproviding food ofqualityandinquantityfor theirpeople. million farmsto grow food, most ofthisstudy’sindicators. Bymeasuringhow governments perform inmakingiteasierfor theworld’s 570 farmers to get water, buyseedandsustaintheirlivestock. ItsneighborLiberia,incontrast, isatthebottom of years, four are from Sub-Saharan Africa. Sierra Leonewasthetop reformer globally, making it easierfor Africa isreforming fast:amongtheten countries thatimproved theirregulations themostinpasttwo pair good regulations processes withefficient across allareas measured. European Union member countries perform at the top. For example, France, Croatia and the Czech Republic ofregulations oftheirimplementation. andtheefficiency countries onthe strength agricultural inputs,planthealth, access to credit andmarkets,large thestudyfinds disparitiesacross integration andentrepreneurship inagriculture. Withglobally comparable dataonregulations covering their businesses.Theindicators provide ameasure ofprogress andidentify regulatory obstacles to market Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture burdens prevent themfrom reaping oftheincreasing thebenefits global food demand. Supportive regulations facilitate farmers’ inagricultural participation valuechains,whereas unnecessary production and determine theextent to whichtheprivate sector from canbenefit investment andtrade. Governments play akey role inenablinggrowth inagriculture. Laws andregulations influence thecost of on better farm practices, andslow, unreliable access to markets. More needsto bedone to boostproductivity. include alack of high-qualityinputs,suchasseeds,fertilizerandmechanizedtechnology, andlimited training progress, however, productivity growth hasbeenlaggingandyields are low, especiallyinAfrica. Thereasons in productivity, a shift away from staple crops and a greater degree of commercialization. Despite some The agricultural sector indeveloping countries istransforming. Thisprocess ischaracterized by improvements dynamic linkbetween farmers to urbanconsumers. sustainable agricultural development boostsgrowth inthemanufacturingandservicessector through a reducing poverty asitprovides incomes for many ofthe80%world’s poorwholive inrural areas. And Beyond theproduction offood for sustenance and nourishment,agriculture plays anadditional role in to ensure generations.nutritious food—is theprospects fundamental offuture limiting theireducationandemployment Food opportunities. security—definedashaving reliable access to or almost11%oftheworld’s population.Today, more than150millionchildren are affected by stunting, Hunger has been on the rise globally for the third year in a row. In 2017, 821 million people were undernourished, Foreword Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture World BankGroup Agriculture andFood Global Practice Global Director VanMartien Nieuwkoop assesseswhethergovernments make iteasierfor farmers to operate plays avitalrole inensuringthatcountries vii Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019

Business ofAgriculture About 01 Enabling the Enabling the 1 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 Enabling the Business of Agriculture measures how regulation affects the livelihood of domestic farmers. Farming is a challenging business—especially when undertaken on a smaller scale. Most farms are comparatively small, with about 84% of all farms having less than two hectares of land for growing crops and livestock.1 Globally, there are about 570 million farms, employing an estimated 28% of the world’s workforce, including the majority of the world’s rural poor workers.2 Farmers manage numerous risks on a daily basis. Often regulation fails to support farmers and may even create obstacles.

Focusing on the perspective of the farmer implies prioritizing regulatory areas where farmers are likely to face the biggest obstacles. Farmers need access to high-quality inputs—including seed, fertilizer, machinery, animal feed and veterinary medicinal products. They need access to finance and to market opportunities. Enabling the Business of Agriculture focuses on farmers’ transactions with a large variety of actors across agriculture market systems. These include seed and fertilizer companies, phytosanitary offices, water management authorities, feed and veterinary medicine producers, pest control offices and warehouse operators. Regulation impacts these transactions. Long waits and exorbitant costs to procure farming inputs can be a deterrent for farmers to expand business operations. If a farmer uses a low-quality seed or fertilizer, the consequences may not become fully apparent until harvest time. As not all countries have the capacity to produce inputs such as fertilizer and veterinary medicinal products, these inputs often need to be imported. In these countries regulatory obstacles to trade limit the productivity of agribusinesses.3 Similarly, not having the possibility to use agricultural products as collateral through a warehouse receipts system can limit farmers’ ability to access finance.

Building on previous Enabling the Business of Agriculture reports published in 2015, 2016 and 2017, the indicators were refined to cover the areas where regulatory constraints to productivity are most significant. The 2019 methodological revision reduced the overall number of data points contributing to the overall country scores and simplified substantially the scoring and weighting methodology. Indicator development was guided by a review of the academic literature and consultations with civil society organizations, partner institutions, practitioners, public and private sector representatives, researchers and technical experts. While country contexts differ and policy recommendations should be informed by a wide variety of diagnostic tools, the data that underlie the indicators presented in Enabling the Business of Agriculture are globally comparable and can be used to benchmark countries’ performances.

What does Enabling the Business of Agriculture measure? Enabling the Business of Agriculture helps policy makers assess the regulatory environment in agriculture. The study examines whether government-designed regulations and processes either facilitate or hinder agricultural activities of domestic farmers. Enabling the Business of Agriculture provides data on eight quantitative indicators: supplying seed, registering fertilizer, securing water, registering machinery, sustaining livestock, protecting plant health, trading food, and accessing finance (table 1.1, figure 1.1).

Good quality seed is an essential input for farmers. Uncertified seed comprises a comparatively large share of the seed used by farmers globally and is often sourced through informal channels.4 While farmer-based informal seed systems are vital to support biodiversity and resilience against climatic ENABLING THE BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE OF BUSINESS THE ENABLING shocks, uncertified seeds may be of variable quality. For those farmers who decide to sell produce on local, regional or international markets, the availability of registered varieties and quality of certified ABOUT ABOUT seed are of paramount importance.

Fertilizer is used to increase productivity. The appropriate use of fertilizer can bring higher crop yields, but adulterated fertilizer is rampant in many countries, damaging yields. In addition, some fertilizer 2 may not be well adapted to local crops. Similar to seed, the consequences of using poor fertilizer may not become fully apparent until it is too late in the growing season for farmers to take action. Fertilizer testing, registration and labeling requirements all ensure that good quality fertilizer is available to farmers. However, without a well-managed fertilizer registration system, registered fertilizers may not be widely accessible to farmers.5 plays role animportant inensuringsafe, high-qualityinputsfor livestock production. farmers around $300 billion each year. animal nutrition, animal diseasesare estimated to reduce livestock production by 20%globally and cost animal feed products to ensure thattheir herds receive good nutritionandcontinue to thrive. Beyond inadequate to sustainandgrow theirlivestock—especially periods—they duringdry turn to manufactured requires many inputs.Farmers rely onforaging andgrazing to feed theiranimals.Ifthese resources are When farminglivestock, thehealthofeachanimalisutmostimportance.Raising healthy animals farmers to consider investing inagricultural machinery. for ensuring basic safety levels, costly or time-consuming registration processes make it less viable for tractors beformally registered before they are used.While registration purpose servesanimportant agricultural machinescanbecomplex. Most countries regulate tractors andrequire thatagricultural labor isunavailable (from people andanimals)for planting,tending andharvesting. But,registering Farmers may wantto expand thearea they cultivate.may Usingmachinery beaviable optionifadequate Table 1.1 What and reduced farmrevenues. could befew optionsleft. Too little water meansareduced harvest,reduced growth offarmanimals users. Ifafarmerinvests inirrigationandthelocal water source becomes polluted ordepleted, there that theirwater usemay notbewell protected (eitherlegally orpractically) againstotherlarger water are exempt from regulatory requirements, asalackofregulation itcanbeadubiousbenefit, signifies if thescale islarge enough,may require complying withwater usepermitrules. Even whenfarmers nearby pondsorstreams. Eachofthesechoices bringsitsown risks.Farmer-led irrigationdevelopment, storing rainwater onfarmsto beable to spells,orto survivedry pumpgroundwater ordraw water from strategic decisions. Optionsmay beto grow crops orraise animals thatrequire less water, to invest in a source ofriskfor farmers. Whenfarmers perceive highrisksfromwater, insufficient they mustmake Farmers alsoneedaccess to water, andregulation affects this.Water isacriticalresource anditisoften reporting andquarantining. Farmers mustrely onstrong phytosanitary legislation which allows for rapid pestidentification, meet market standards. Itisestimated thatplantdiseasesdestroy 10%oftheworld’s crop harvest. crop losses—compromising theabilityto achieve robust harvests, deliver onproduction contracts or Pests anddiseases posegreat risksto crops. These outbreaks canspread rapidly and lead to significant Accessing finance Trading food Protecting planthealth Sustaining livestock Registering machinery Securing water Registering fertilizer Supplying seed INDICATOR Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture 10 6

Accessing finance laws andregulations food regulation system andcost to obtaindocumentsTime to trade agricultural goods andthequality of Quality ofphytosanitary regulation products Quality oftheregulations for manufactured feed andveterinary medicinal andcost to registerTime atwo-axle, four-wheel-drive agricultural tractor water resources management decisions Requirements for access to water information to andopportunities participate in fertilizer regulation andcost to registerTime anewchemical fertilizer product andthequalityof regulation andcost to registerTime anewcereal varietyandthequalityofseed WHAT IS MEASURED 8 Regulation of animal feed and veterinary medicinal products measures 7 9

3 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 Figure 1.1 Enabling the Business of Agriculture indicators

REGISTERING REGISTERING FERTILIZER MACHINERY

SUPPLYING SECURING SUSTAINING SEED WATER LIVESTOCK

ACCESSING PROTECTING FINANCE PLANT HEALTH

TRADING FOOD

Trading food offers important opportunities. However, in many countries barriers to trade prevent individual farmers and producer organizations from increasing their sales. Streamlined regulatory processes to trade agricultural goods open doors to higher sales volumes.11

Lack of collateral is a key obstacle for farmers to get access to credit to invest in production. In developing countries, land is the most common form of collateral used to secure financing. However, some farmers have trouble demonstrating clear legal rights to land. In countries where regulatory frameworks recognize the use of warehouse receipts as an alternative movable collateral, farmers can receive a warehouse receipt as evidence of deposited goods. A warehouse receipt serves to fulfil collateral requirements and enables farmers to obtain credit, in particular, working capital. Furthermore, a reliable warehouse receipt system allows farmers to extend the sales period of perishable products

ENABLING THE BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE OF BUSINESS THE ENABLING beyond the harvesting season when prices are usually low. This system increases income for farmers and stabilizes market prices over the long term.12 ABOUT ABOUT

Drawing on broader Enabling the Business of Agriculture data Data used to formulate Enabling the Business of Agriculture indicators are drawn from a broader set 4 of data collected by the team over time. They include key information to understand country contexts, as well as provisions that impact key players in the agricultural value chain, including farmers. While much of this data was not used for the indicators issued in this study, they remain an integral part of the information provided by Enabling the Business of Agriculture for policy dialogue and analysis. farmers suchasthetype ofsoil,average temperatures andprecipitation levels, ofthe thelength Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture related to infrastructure. factors suchasdistance from majorcities,thequalityofconnecting roads orany other issue farming inputsandto sellproduce. where agricultural traders are based.Thisdistance canmake itharder to obtainhigh-quality factors make farmingchallenging. Many farmers are located inrural areas, farfrom large cities impact farmers, butthey are ofthebroader justonepart landscapewhere farmers operate. Other The laws, regulations andbureaucratic processes covered by What isnotmeasured by are available ontheproject’s website. land rights.All ensure landtenure security:safeguards againstlandexpropriation andtherecognition ofcustomary year, improving soil, growing perennial crops, managing rangelands and building irrigation systems. This agriculture. Whenfarmers lacksecure landrights,they are less likely to invest laborandcapitalin tenure security are crucial bottlenecks for farmers worldwide. This has tremendous consequences for make iteasierto access credit by usinglandascollateral. Yet, limited access to landandinadequate tenure security promotes investments in land and facilitates its productive allocation. Secure land rights thegrowing global todemandLand availabilityfulfilling for andsecurityarefood. fundamental Land http://eba.worldbank.org. policy discussionswillwellfrom benefit thebroader datasetto befound ontheproject’s website: countries’ legal andregulatory provisions relevant to farmers. To deepen theanalysis,country-level Enabling the Business of Agriculture Examples oftheadditional dimensionscovered are: landscape faced by farmers. Enabling theBusinessof Agriculture growing season,or theriskofdroughts andfloods. Inconjunction withcomplementary datasets, Enabling the Business of Agriculture > > > > > > Regulation ofproducer organizations Water abstraction permits standardsproceduresMachinery andimport Fertilizer andqualitycontrol import requirements Provisions onpost-control testing ofseed Breeder’s rightsandlicensing to third parties Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture indicators produce evidence thatcanbe readily usedto compare Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture does notmeasure natural factors affecting theproductivity of provides valuable comparative insightsabout thebusiness features newdataontwo areas where regulation iskey to data and a summary of findings onthelanddata offindings dataandasummary Enabling the Business of Agriculture ? does notmeasure physical

5 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 Country coverage Enabling the Business of Agriculture covers 101 countries across all regions. These countries were selected to ensure adequate representation of all regions and all levels of agricultural development so as to capture a diversity of regulatory practices. Enabling the Business of Agriculture takes into account the share of the workforce employed in agriculture as well as agriculture’s value added in each country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Countries with relatively small agricultural sectors (defined as less than US$1 billion) are excluded, unless more than 100,000 people are employed in agriculture.

How the data are collected Primary data are collected by administering standardized questionnaires to local experts. The questionnaires received are carefully analyzed by the Enabling the Business of Agriculture team and complemented by an in-depth review of the relevant laws and regulations. After the data are collected and processed, the team conducts follow-up conference calls, written correspondence and country visits, and then aggregates the data by indicator. Comments on the data are received from relevant experts across the World Bank Group through an internal review process. The indicator-specific scores, as well as underlying components, are presented in this study and on the project’s website http://eba.worldbank.org.

Respondents include farmer organizations, academia, law firms, businesses, financial institutions, government ministries and agencies, and professional associations. The team selects the respondents based on their knowledge of their respective countries’ regulation. Involving various experts from across sectors increases data accuracy by balancing differing perspectives.

Data are collected in a standardized way to ensure comparability across countries and over time. Each indicator questionnaire is based on standardized case study assumptions about the farmer and her farm. These assumptions are applied across all 101 countries for each indicator. The data in this study are current as of June 30, 2018, and do not reflect any changes after this date.

How the data can be used Enabling the Business of Agriculture supports evidence-based policy making to improve the regulatory environment affecting farmers. By setting the right regulation, governments increase the competitiveness of farmers. The Enabling the Business of Agriculture data provide a simple snapshot of key aspects to be considered by policy makers as part of a broader strategy for boosting farmers’ productivity. Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are already using the agribusiness indicators to gain insights from neighboring countries and draw lessons from various regulatory practices across the globe. The data have also been used for research purposes. Since 2014, more than 20 academic articles in peer-reviewed journals have cited indicators developed under previous editions. For example, a recent study of access to markets for smallholder farmers in Kenya analyzed good practices highlighted in the 2017 edition of the study.13 ENABLING THE BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE OF BUSINESS THE ENABLING

Notes

ABOUT ABOUT 1 Lowder et al. 2016; Zezza et al. 2011. 2 Lowder et al. 2016; ILOSTAT 2018. 3 Lio and Liu 2008. 4 Coomes et al. 2015. 5 Beaman et al. 2013; McArthur and McCord 2017. 6 Rockström 2000; van Kopppen and Schreiner 2019; Woodhouse et al. 2017. 7 Middelberg 2017; Onwude et al. 2016. 6 8 Pradère N.d. 9 Strange and Scott 2005. 10 Prévost 2010. 11 FAO 2008. 12 Adjognon et al. 2017; Lacroix and Varangis 1996; Mpuga 2010. 13 Kariuki et al. 2019. Findings 02 7 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 8 Findings All governments have room to improve laws, regulations andbureaucratic processes thataffect regulatory benchmarkonalltheindicators thatare measured by Seventeen ofthetop 20countries are inEurope. each export shipment, andthey canapplyfor aphytosanitary certificate online. both countries, exporters are notrequired to obtainany license oragriculture-specificdocuments for plant health.Croatia andtheCzechRepublic have procedures efficient to trade agricultural products. In regulations onsupplyingseed,registering fertilizer, securingwater, sustaininglivestock andprotecting administrativeas efficient processes across anumberof indicators. France hasimplemented robust European Union.France, Croatia andtheCzechRepublic showcase good regulatory practices aswell that caters to farmers’ needs(table 2.1). Thethree top-scoring countries are memberstates ofthe The highest-scoring countries onthe Where isregulation mostfavorable to farmers? at thecore of should alsoprovide rules onhow to bringproduce to markets andget access to credit. Theseissuesare inputs, suchasseeds,fertilizer, animalfeed, veterinary medicinalproducts andwater. Regulation in theirbusinessactivitiesisto enactregulation thatisconducive to access efficient to agricultural expected to come from morefarmingtechniques. Oneway efficient for policymakers to farmers support Global agricultural production isexpected to grow by 20%during thenext decade. workers to move to more economically productive sectors oftheeconomy. developed, asisthecaseinUnited States andtheEuropean Union,itrequires less labor, allowing Africa, toEast and North 55% on average in Sub-Saharan Africa. In low-income countries, employment inagriculture ranges from 17%onaverage intheMiddle compared to only1%ofGDPintheEuropean Union. of many developing countries. Agriculture contributes to about25%ofGDPinlow-income countries as 2016. While itcurrently constitutes onlyabout3.9%ofglobal GDP, Global agricultural production has grown tremendously in recent decades, tripling between 1970 and result, thecountryscores poorlyonmostoftheindicators inthe animal feed, andnoviable to opportunities access credit through theuseofwarehouse receipts. Asa on supplyingseed,registering fertilizerorsecuringwater; hasnoclear standards to ensure high-quality Then consider afarmerinLiberia, where agriculture accounts for 37% ofGDP. Liberialacksregulation capitalize ontheirbusinesses. protection, fertilizerregistration, livestock andfood export. Thecountry’sregulation enables farmers to Although agriculture constitutes only3%ofGDP, thecountrydeveloped strong laws intheareas ofplant Imagine afarmerinCroatia, whichscores amongthetop 10in food andaccessing finance. fertilizer, securingwater, registering machinery, sustaininglivestock, protecting planthealth, trading agricultural businesses.Thisstudypublishesdataoneightindicators: supplyingseed,registering Agriculture as grow andselltheirproduce inthemosteffective way? Thisiswhatthe producers offood. Butdo regulatory systems helpfarmers acquire allthenecessaryinputsaswell Food isessentialfor life. Inmany countries, especiallyinthedeveloping world, farmers are core instance, hasnoregulations onregistering fertilizer, registering machinery, orprotecting planthealth. Fourteen Sub-Saharan African countries are among the20lowest-scoring countries. Sierra Leone,for domestic farmers. project isabout.Itmeasures whethergovernments make iteasierfor farmers to operate Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture . 2

Yet, nocountryhas reached thebestpossible Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture 1 agriculture istheeconomic backbone Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture. Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture. 3 Whenagriculture becomes highly indicators have regulation Enabling theBusinessof 4 Thisgrowth is study.

Table 2.1 aggregate Country scores in Source: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 2019 China Chile Canada Cameroon Cambodia Burundi Burkina Faso Brazil Bosnia andHerzegovina Bolivia Benin Belgium Bangladesh Austria Australia Armenia Argentina Angola Afghanistan COUNTRY Greece Ghana Germany Georgia France Finland Ethiopia Egypt, Arab Rep. Dominican Republic Denmark Czech Republic Croatia Côte d'Ivoire Congo, Dem.Rep. Colombia SCORE 50.00 86.50 86.03 50.49 92.68 76.00 32.86 35.30 86.67 88.57 70.29 93.70 35.95 63.53 45.87 92.32 44.47 22.29 89.57 58.75 87.68 82.73 47.06 29.81 81.53 35.76 75.25 71.82 31.52 27.05 66.19 89.14 46.12 67.41 database. Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Mozambique Morocco Mexico Mali Malaysia Malawi Madagascar Lithuania Liberia Lao PDR Kyrgyz Republic Korea, Rep. Kenya Kazakhstan Jordan Japan Italy Ireland Iraq India Hungary Honduras Haiti Guinea Guatemala COUNTRY Pakistan Norway Nigeria Niger Nicaragua New Zealand Netherlands Nepal Myanmar SCORE 64.80 90.69 65.09 89.30 64.02 83.96 86.34 69.46 48.87 69.92 68.01 36.26 50.23 48.97 50.97 29.39 33.59 84.57 62.23 22.62 33.70 16.42 51.68 72.43 85.77 87.47 91.77 31.27 49.13 41.51 19.51 49.17 65.11 37.10 Slovak Republic Sierra Leone Serbia Senegal Rwanda Russian Federation Romania Portugal Poland Philippines Peru Panama COUNTRY Zimbabwe Zambia Vietnam Uzbekistan Uruguay United States United Kingdom Ukraine Uganda Turkey Tunisia Togo Thailand Tanzania Tajikistan Switzerland Sweden Sudan Sri Lanka Spain South Africa SCORE 86.00 68.03 48.36 89.82 43.98 65.50 88.87 88.76 85.33 68.73 25.42 72.64 39.52 85.73 41.62 61.96 67.40 41.43 63.73 81.35 87.85 91.55 58.51 29.27 50.16 72.91 61.41 27.70 43.19 78.18 91.71 52.15 57.15 9 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 10 Findings Figure 2.1Figure Ahigher (figure 2.1). of a supportive regulatory environment in enabling farmers to generate food surplus to commercialize better regulation experience onaverage higherrates offood security. thatpointsto Afinding therole farmers andmore employment for opportunities therural population.Furthermore,countries with poverty. Itsuggests gainsfrom thattheefficiency higherproductivity translate to better incomes for average lower poverty rates. Thisreinforces theviewofgrowth inagriculture asaneffective liftoutof Countries withbetter regulation –asmeasured by The countries, thissector ischaracterized byregulation inefficient (figure2.2). and financeare theweakest. Althoughagriculture isthemaineconomic activityinmostlow-income in theareas ofregistering andtrading machinery food. Incontrast, regulations onseed,fertilizer Across allindicators covered inthisyear’s regulatory edition, themostefficient processes are shown What do the (WDI2019) 2.1 c.Prevalenceofundernourishment,%population 10,000 2.1 a.Cerealyield,kg/ha(WDI2019) 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 40 50 30 20 Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture 10 0 0 0 0 Enabling theBusinessofAgriculturescore Enabling theBusinessofAgriculturescore 20 20 Enabling theBusinessof Agriculture Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture 40 40 60 60 80 80 score strongly linksto broader development outcomes. 100 100 score isassociated withbetter development outcomes relationship is significant at the 1% level after controlling for income per for income controlling after capita. 1% level the at significant is relationship score andtheprevalence ofundernourishment (%ofpopulation) is-0.7. The (2.1 c.) The correlation coefficient between level after controlling for income percapita. 1% the at significant is relationship The -0.6. is headcountpoverty and score (2.1 b.) The correlation coefficient between and general capita per ha=kilogram/hectare. both income when 1% level government expenditure inagriculture are usedascontrol variables. Kg/ the at significant is at the1%level after controlling for income percapita.Therelationship the between Agriculture coefficient correlation The a) (2.1 Notes: Development Indicators 2019. (WDI) Sources: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 201 Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture 100 2.1 b.Povertyheadcount,(%ofpopulation)2010-2017 80 60 40 20 0

datashow? 0 score and cereal yield (kg/ha) is 0.7. The relationship is significant Enabling theBusinessofAgriculturescore 20 40 Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture 60 Enabling theBusinessof 80 9 database; World –have on 100 for farmers, while Tanzania hasthemostfavorable. Among thelow-income countries, Liberiahastheleast favorable regulatory environment experienced a36%reduction inGDPcompared to previous years. Ethiopia due to an animal epidemic. As a result, the Somali Region, Ethiopia’s main exporting region, revenues for farmers. In 1998 and2000, Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states from banned imports of emergency shocks.Andanimaldiseaseshave orfinancial adauntingimpactonlivestock farming nutrition to familiesbutalsohelpfarmers—female farmers obtainquickcashincases inparticular—to in developing countries, especiallyfor those thatlacksecure landtenure. Livestock notonlyprovide and sustaininglivestock indicators. Livestock assetsfor canbeoneofthemostimportant farmers Low-income countries have the weakest performance on the registering fertilizer, supplying seed 23 low-income countries. Note: Source: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 2019 2.2SupplyingseedisthemostproblematicFigure area for farmers across allincome groups to obtaincredit. In EthiopiaandUganda,warehouse receipt systems alsoserve asareliable mechanismfor farmers by theWarehouse Receipts Regulatory Board, whichfacilitates access to credit for Tanzania’s farmers. crops andprovide receipts to farmers throughcooperative primary societies.Thesystem isoverseen smallholder farmers to access credit. Warehouse receipt operators accept deposits of a wide range of Within Eastern Africa, Tanzania hasoneofthemostadvanced warehouse receipt systems, enabling has thehighestscore onsupplyingseedand accessing financeamonglow-income countries. government’s attention to crisismanagement andstalled agricultural reforms. Incontrast, Tanzania agricultural production hasgreatly suffered since theEbolaoutbreak in2014, whichshifted the been constrained byacross inefficiencies allareas measured by thisstudy. Moreover, thecountry’s Protecting planthealth Registering machinery The figure shows average scores across eight indicators. The country sample includes 32 high-income, 19 upper-middle-income, 27 lower-middle-income and Registering fertilizer Sustaining livestock Accessing finance Supplying seed Securing water Trading food 0 10 High income database.

20 Enabling theBusinessofAgricultureindicator Upper middleincome

30 40 InLiberia,agricultural sector growth has 50 Lower middleincome 5 60 score (0-100) 70 80 Low income 90 100 11 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 12 Findings compared to other developing regions. compared withOECDhigh-income countries. InSub-Saharan Africa, fertilizerapplicationrates are low plant health(64percentage points)andsustaininglivestock (59percentage points)indicators when regulatory gapsare andefficiency observed ontheregistering fertilizer(73percentage points),protecting Farmers inSub-Saharan Africa face thetoughest bureaucratic challenges (figure2.4).Thelargest securing water indicator. Kenya hasputinplaceregulation anefficient for water resources management. (figure 2.3).Kenya andZambia are two ofthethree countries thatreceive themaximum score onthe On certain indicators, developing countries are attheforefront ofregulatory for efficiency farmers effectively manage pestoutbreaks. both publishedinformation onpestsanddiseasesonline,allowing domestic producers to more protecting planthealthindicator. Between 2016 and2018, thegovernments ofColombia andUkraine for water. Furthermore, Colombia, Morocco, Turkey andUkraine are amongthetop performers onthe Herzegovina, Brazil, Colombia, Romania andSouthAfrica have putinplace comprehensive regulations Some middle-income countries have regulation that isonpar with thatoftop performers. Bosniaand in Spainto register anewmaizevariety. Germany andPanama lagbehindtheirpeers. InGermany, for instance, ittakes almosttwice aslong as Canada, Peru andUnited States. Onthesupplyingseedindicator, somehigh-income countries like areas. There are only three countries that receive the maximum score on the accessing finance indicator: Within thehigh-income cohort,accessing financeandsupplyingseedtend to beless well-regulated have adopted regulatory practices inresponse to healthandsafety concerns over agricultural produce. to registering fertilizer, registering andprotecting machinery planthealth.Many ofthesecountries High-income countries have asupportivebusinessenvironment for farmers, especiallywhenitcomes percentage points)indicators. accessing finance (27 percentage points),securingwater (28percentage points)andtrading food (32 in agriculture. In contrast, the lowest regulatory gaps for Sub-Saharan African countries are on the fertilizer thatprovides balanced nutritionto crops isessentialto overcome barriers indoing business as soilfertility dependusage onefficient ofhigh-qualityfertilizer. Facilitating access to high-quality Note: Source: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 2019 indicators 2.3 Many developingFigure countries are at the bestpractice frontier on the *=othersampled countries alsohave the samescores. Specific country examples are provided for illustrative purposes. 100 Enabling theBusinessofAgricultureindicatorscore(0-100) 80 60 40 20 0 Supplying Uruguay Lao PDR* seed Registering fertilizer Angola* Spain* database. Thailand* Securing Kenya* water 6 Thisisdetrimental since sustainedagricultural growth aswell Registering machinery Myanmar* Brazil* Sustaining Denmark* livestock Haiti* plant health Protecting Morocco* Ethiopia* Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Netherlands Cambodia Trading food Accessing Tunisia* finance Peru*

Tajikistan andUzbekistan. foropportunities improvement inmost areas measured by protection. Ontheotherhand,countries in bothregions face challenges. For example, Haitihasmajor inputs. Colombia is also a top performer, having strong regulation and plant on finance, machinery thanks to streamlined fertilizerregistration procedures andtheeffective regulation oflivestock farming variation betweenalso significant countries (figure2.5).Croatia isamong the10top performers globally, The Europe andCentral AsiaandLatin AmericaandtheCaribbeanregions display overall but strengths, region lagsbehindOECDhigh-income countries inthesupplyingseedandsecuringwater indicators. the registering andprotecting machinery plant healthindicators. Incontrast, theEurope andCentral Asia measured by the The Europe andCentral Asiaregion istheclosest to OECDhigh-income countries’ performance, as improving ofseedregistration. theefficiency delays. Kenya scores amongthetop 20countries onthesupplyingseedindicator thanksto itswork on already registered abroad. Bydoing so they avoid theduplicationofprocedures andunnecessary including Kenya, are intheprocess offacilitatingfarmers’ access to foreign seedvarietiesthatare And inLiberia,anewseedlaw stage isinthefinal ofthelegislative process. Someothercountries, seed varieties.Sierra LeoneisoneoftheECOWAS countries thatrecently reformed itsseedregulations. Likewise, ECOWAS membercountries have entered regional agreements to allow free circulation ofnew Community ofWest African States (ECOWAS) fertilizerguidelines. Mali, Niger, Sierra LeoneandTogo have developed nationalregulation thatlegally adopts theEconomic Many Sub-Saharan African countries are strivingto improve thebusinessclimate for farmers. Benin, plant protection laws. performer regulations intheregion, machinery for enactingefficient farmers aswell ascomprehensive Overall, countries intheMiddle Africa EastandNorth face regulatory shortcomings. Morocco is thetop countries. Theglobal average isbasedon101 countries. Note: Source: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 2019 the BusinessofAgriculture 2.4Sub-SaharanFigure Africa lagsbehindOECDhigh-income countries andtheglobal average onall Thecountry sample includes 28Sub-Saharan African countries and28Organizationfor Economic Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD)high-income 100 Enabling theBusinessofAgricultureindicatorscore(0-100) 80 60 90 40 50 30 20 70 10 0 Registering fertilizer Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture plant health Protecting indicators Sub-Saharan Africa database. Supplying seed OECD HighIncome Sustaining livestock indicators. Thisregion scores well particularly on Accessing finance Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Global Average Registering machinery Securing water Trading Enabling food , asdo 13 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 14 Findings new “ePhyto” system, whichincludes applicationsfor phytosanitary certificatesaswell astheir issuance introduced electronic applicationsfor thesubmissionof phytosanitary certificates.Peru introduced a and sale ofagricultural products. For example, Côte d’Ivoire, theDominican Republic andRwanda A numberofcountries have taken steps to streamline regulatory processes affecting theproduction Benin andfor feed inChile. in BurundiandHaiti.Andfarmers arefrom benefiting improved labelingrequirements for fertilizerin also improved access to information byseedcatalogues, publishingofficial whichare now available Morocco now requires information onwater resources to bemade publiclyavailable. Somecountries products onthewebsite ofthePharmacy andPoisons Board. Inthearea ofwater management, on plantpestsanddiseases.Kenya also started publishingitslistofregistered veterinary medicinal of phytosanitary information, such asaregulated quarantine pest listorcomprehensive information Colombia, GhanaandThailandare amongtheseven countries thatimproved theonlineavailability reforms, withhalfofthecountries intheregion making iteasierfor farmers to do business. this reportingobligation.Across regions, Sub-Saharan Africa showed thehighestpace ofagricultural Denmark, Greece andtheRepublic ofKorea are amongthe72countries where citizensare subjectto of thereforming countries establishingarequirement to reportpestoutbreaks. BurkinaFaso, Burundi, captured by theprotecting planthealthindicator focused mostlyonpestmanagement, withone-third in theareas ofsupplyingseed,protecting planthealthandaccessing finance(table 2.2).Reforms Agriculture Between July 1, 2016, andJune30,2018, 47 outof101 countries in bureaucratic obstacles thatstifle agribusinessprocesses. outdated legal provisions thatdo notcater to countries farmers’ have needs. Other prohibitive There isanurgency to reform agribusinessregulation for avarietyofreasons. Somecountries What are recent reform trends? Source: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 2019 2.5Europe andCentralFigure AsiaandLatinAmericatheCaribbean regions show highbutuneven performance regulation, increasing border andimproving efficiencies resource allocation. consignments thatare more to likelyplanthealthornon-compliant to withlocal beeitherharmful instance, thelaw now allows phytosanitaryinspections to import berisk-based, whichhelpstarget information. Several othercountries improved border control procedures. InBrazil andBurundi,for and exchange withcertaintrading partners. Suchdigitalprocesses facilitate thetimelyexchange of 100 Enabling theBusinessofAgriculturescore,averagebyregion 80 60 90 40 50 30 20 70 10 0 High Income 28 countries Korea, Rep. France OECD implemented 67 regulatory reforms. & CentralAsia 13 countries Uzbekistan Croatia Europe database. Latin America & Caribbean 13 countries Colombia Haiti Regions 8 countries Myanmar East Asia & Pacific China More thanhalfoftheobserved reforms were Afghanistan 6 countries South Asia India Enabling the Business of & NorthAfrica Middle East 5 countries Morocco Iraq Sub-Saharan South Africa 28 countries Liberia Africa

have have farmers suffered economic losses resulting from poorqualityseed thatwould notgerminate. The2012 In theabsence ofaformal seedregulatory agency, proper testing bodiesandseedlaws, Sierra Leone’s employs more than75%ofthepopulation. Bill. Thiseffortwasdriven by theneedto reach food security inacountrywhere theagricultural sector With regard toof Agriculture, supplyingseed,theMinistry Forestry andFood Securitydrafted theSeed drafted aseriesofthree laws to provide legal tools to effectively manage water resources inthecountry. The shortages generated apolitical impetusfor change. Inresponse, ofWater the Ministry Resources that time,thecountry hadnoregulationprovisions withspecific onwater resources management. It enacted areform onthesecuringwater indicator prompted by majorwater shortages in2016. At Agriculture Four Sub-Saharan African countries have substantiallyimproved onthe Sub-Saharan Africa actively reforms in Source: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 201 African countries were themostactive reformers Table 2.2Theindicators for protecting planthealthrecorded themostreforms in2016-18, while Sub-Saharan resource planning. Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Sierra Leone now require the inclusion of farmers in water seed authoritiesto accredit thirdto parties perform Likewise, seedcertification. Guatemala, the in themanagement ofagricultural processes. Bangladesh, Honduras andKenya allowed public By involving theprivate sector indecision making,eightcountries enabled farmers to participate fees publiclyavailable. Niger beganto publicizecosts associated withseedcertification. fee schedules for obtainingaphytosanitary certificate. TheKyrgyz Republic made tractor registration took steps to increase the transparency of fees related to agricultural activities. Bangladesh published removing thetimelimitformerly appliedto theregistration offertilizer products. Somecountries also pre-approved countries intheregion are available. Tanzania improved registration itsfertilizer process, In Kenya andTanzania, theseedregistration process isshortenedwhenresults from tests performed in Its objective isto promote public health. authority for animal feed control. However, onDecember 1,2017, it passed the Food and Feed Safety Act. is thefirstlegal document regulating theseedsector. Similarly, Sierra Leonedidnothave acentral Seed Billwasagainreviewed inlate 2016 andsubsequentlyenacted by Parliament in2017. Thisbill Registering machinery Registering fertilizer Sustaining livestock Trading food Securing water Supplying seed Accessing finance Protecting planthealth AREA OF REFORM aggregate score (table 2.3)since 2016. Sierra Leoneisthetop improver, withthree reforms. REFORMS NUMBER OF 10 15 13 8 8 5 7 1 9 database. Kyrgyz Republic Armenia, Benin,Mozambique, Serbia,Tanzania Burkina Faso, Chile, Georgia,Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone,Vietnam Turkey, Uganda Bangladesh, Côte d’Ivoire, DominicanRepublic, Nigeria, Peru, Rwanda, Leone Armenia, Guatemala, Kenya, Korea, Rep., Malawi, LaoPDR, Morocco, Sierra Tanzania, Uruguay Bangladesh, Burundi,Haiti,Honduras, Kenya, Malaysia, Niger, Sierra Leone, Pakistan, Philippines,SriLanka, Tajikistan, Uganda Burundi, Georgia,Jordan, Liberia,Malawi, Kazakhstan, LaoPDR, Mexico, Greece, Korea, Rep., Nepal, Rwanda,SriLanka, Thailand,Ukraine Armenia, Brazil, BurkinaFaso, Burundi, Colombia, Denmark,Georgia,Ghana, COUNTRIES Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Enabling theBusinessof

2019 15 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 16 Findings a proper fertilizer registration process. Andittook even longer to implement registration procedures to undertake. Ittook Armeniaadecade to transition from onlyregulating thesale offertilizer to creating the list of the 10 top improvers. Armenia carried out several reforms. These reforms have not been easy Countries across Europe andCentral Asiaimproved aswell. significantly ArmeniaandGeorgiajoined banking. receipts system. SriLanka improved itsplantprotection regulations andintroduced legislation onagent In South Asia, Pakistan improved the most in the region by establishing a comprehensive warehouse process. In turn,Mozambique increased access to high-qualityfertilizers by implementing afertilizerregistration management, whichimproved clarityinthepublicnotice procedure ofnewmajorwater useapplications. involvedparties inwarehouse receipt operations. Italsoenacted newregulations onwater resources warehouse receipt by financing adopting theWarehouse Receipts Bill 2017 to clarifytheobligationsof Malawi and Mozambique are also among the top 10 improvers. to information onseedperformance by introducingvarietycatalogue. anofficial on agent bankingandelectronic money. Moreover, intheseedsector, thegovernment improved access year, Burundialsoimproved access toservices by financial enactingacomprehensive legal framework a legal obligation for citizens to report pest outbreaks andundergo risk-based inspections. In the same authority for plantprotection tasked withconducting pestriskanalysis.Inaddition, the law introduces raising farmerincomes. Thenewlaw improves theinstitutionalstructure by creating anewcompetent country’s phytosanitary measures, itsresponse to pestanddiseaseoutbreaks andfood security, and of Agriculture. Burundi, anothertop improver, alsoreformed inthree areas measured by registering andtrading machinery food indicators inthese10countries. calculated using2017 gross andconversion nationalincome (GNI) rates to capture theeffects ofregulatory changes. Noreforms have beenrecorded onthe Note: Source: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 2019 2016 and2018 Table 2.3Ten countries thatimproved themoston the Ministry ofAgriculture,the Ministry with476 registered fertilizers listed intheonlinecatalogue. operational registrationfully process for fertilizers thatismanaged by theState Food Safety Service of law wasnotenforced untilanewdecree on registration wasimplemented in2016. Armenia now hasa (Pesticides andAgrochemicals), which putinplace market oversight mechanismsfor fertilizers. Yet, this in practice. Aregulatory change camein2014 withtheadoption ofthePhytosanitary Law ofArmenia Korea, Rep. Sri Lanka Lao PDR Pakistan Georgia Malawi Mozambique Burundi Armenia Sierra Leone Countries are selected basedonhow muchtheir In2017, Burundirevised itsplantprotection law withthe objectives ofimproving the score Agriculture Business of Enabling the 65.09 48.87 50.97 63.53 35.76 50.16 27.70 67.41 41.51 37.10 2019 score Change in database. +13.38 +14.35 +6.68 +9.68 +3.69 +4.95 +3.75 +3.72 +7.45 +6.12 Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture finance Accessing x x x x x x Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture water Securing x x x x x score improved between 2016 and2018. Thescore improvement is seed Supplying x x Malawi enhanced confidence in health plant Protecting x x x x x Enabling the Business indicators between livestock Sustaining x x fertilizer Registering x x the formal sector to focus ontheactivitiesfor whichthey are bestequipped. the advantages intheinformal seedsector interms ofgenetic diversity andfarmers’ expertiseallows farmers, seed systems that rely solely on informal channels face challenges. Regulation that builds on groundnut seedfrom local markets). Andwhile informal seedsystems offerto anumberofbenefits purchasing improved maizevarieties),andtheinformal systems for others (for instance, by sourcing Farmers usetheformal system to access certainseedsatagiven pointintime(for example, by inputs does regulation play role animportant farmers? insupporting whatare theinputproductsFirst, andresources thatfarmers needto thrive? Second, for whichofthese and rely ongovernment regulation. Theindicators were selected inresponse to two basicquestions. Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture implementation,their efficient whichiscaptured through thetimeandcost ofregulatory processes. The addition, barriers to market access prevent farmers from integrating into larger markets. need to have stable access to reliable water sources to beable to harvestandmaintainlivestock. In causing droughts andpests in someregions. Inareas where rainfall isattimesinadequate, farmers fordifficult smallholder farmers to grow. America. smallholder farmers supplyingabout80%offood produced inAsia,Sub-Saharan Africa andLatin rising food demand. Outofthe570 millionfarmsintheworld, themajorityare small-scale ones,with Farmers, ofagricultural portion whichsupplyasignificant output,play acriticalrole inmeeting What isthefocus of health. Note: Source: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 2019 2.6ReformingFigure countries stillhave considerable room for improvement Despite positive changes, thereforming countries are stillfarfrom thebestperformers (figure2.6). as measured by cereal yield (kg/ha) (figure2.7a). better regulatory environment for varietiesandseedisassociated with higheragricultural productivity surrounding good varietyrelease processes. andcertification Indicator dataanalysissuggests thata indicator assessesregulations aswell asthetimeandcost ofvariety registration thataffect theefficiency Averages are basedoneightreforming countries for trading food, ten reforming countries onsupplyingseedand15reforming countries for protecting plant Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture 7 However, constraints in access to inputs,finance,human capital and information make it Average scoresofreformingcountriesonrespectiveindicators(0-100) 100 80 60 90 40 50 30 20 70 10 0 Protecting plant Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture health EBA 2017 database. captures several dimensions where important farmers interact with

indicators ofregulation combined measure with thestrength 8 EBA 2019 Further, climate change threatens agricultural productivity, Trading food Best performersinEBA2019 andwhy does itmatter? Supplying seed 9 Thesupplyingseed

17 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 18 Findings Some ofthebiggest increases inagricultural productivity during thepastfew decades have been achieved productivity, asmeasured by cereal yield (kg/ha) legislation thathelpsfarmers to prevent andcontrol pestoutbreaks isassociated withhigheragricultural measure phytosanitary legislation thathelpsfarmers prevent pestsandplantdiseases.Phytosanitary on production contracts and comply with market standards. outbreaks lead to crop losses, compromising the ability of farmers to produce good harvests,deliver Farmers depend onregulation thatprotects crops from pestsanddiseasesduringproduction. Disease to qualityfeed andveterinary medicinalproducts isassociated withhighermilkyields (figure 2.8). affordable livestock farminginputs.Evidence suggests thatbetter regulation farmers’ supporting access sustaining livestock indicator measures regulation affecting farmers’ access to safe, high-qualityand animal diseasescannotbeachieved withouttheavailability ofveterinary medicinalproducts. Thus,the products are often acost-effective methodto treat andprevent animalailments.Andthecontrol of keep farmanimals. livelihoods ofapproximately 1.7billionpoorpeople. Onaverage, 68%ofthepoorest rural households mechanism for poverty reduction andgender empowerment, aslivestock the valuechainssupport Livestock production isoneofthefastest growing agricultural sectors. Itremains animportant cereal yield (kg/ha)(figure 2.7b). environment to register fertilizer isassociated withhigheragricultural productivity asmeasured by fertilizer registration processes. measures and cost the efficiency of registering fertilizer as well as laws and regulations governing increased fertilizer useby farmers andconsequently higheryields. Theregistering fertilizerindicator product registration schemesfacilitate theintroduction ofnewproducts into markets, leading to Fertilizer hasbeencredited for increasing crop yields by 40%to 60%. after controlling for income percapita.Kilogram/hectare= kg/ha level 1% the at significant is relationship The 0.6. is (kg/ha) yield cereal and score fertilizer registering the between coefficient correlation The capita. per income Note: Sources: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 2019 yields 2.7Better scoresFigure onsupplyingseedandregistering indicators fertilizer are associated withhighercereal procedures are associated withhigheragricultural productivity, as measured by cereal yield (kg/ha). time andcost oftractor registration. Theindicator datashow thatmoretractor efficient registration transition from subsistence to commercial farming.Theregistering indicators machinery measure the productivity through improved oflandcultivation. Moreover, efficiency mechanizationfacilitates the due to theintroduction ofagricultural machines,suchastractors. Agricultural mechanizationincreases 10,000 with highercerealyields a) Betterscoresonsupplyingseedindicatorareassociated Cereal yield,kg/ha(WDI2019) 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 The correlation coefficient between the supplying seed score and cereal yield (kg/ha) is 0.5. The relationship is significant at the 1% level after controlling for 0 0 20 Supplying seedscore 11 Given thedramatic consequences ofanimaldiseases,veterinary medicinal 40

60 Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture database; World Development Indicators (WDI) 80 .

100 13 . 10,000 associated withhighercerealyields b) Betterscoresonregisteringfertilizerindicatorare Cereal yield,kg/ha(WDI2019) 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 0 12 2019. The protecting plant health indicators 20 datashow thatabetter regulatory Registering fertilizerscore 40 10 60 Efficient fertilizer Efficient 80 100 14 fertilizer make itharder for women to do business inagriculture. Such constraints are often reinforced Restrictions inaccessing land,owning assetssuchaslivestock orcapital, andobtainingseeds are alarge oftheglobal part agricultural labor force. Yet, they do notenjoy thesamerightsasmen. Countries lack regulation to reduce gender bias and empower women inagriculture. laws andregulations onwarehouse receipts andinclusive finance. receipt asevidence ofdeposited goods. Thepurposeoftheaccessing financeindicators isto measure recognizes theuseofwarehouse andsupports receipts ascollateral, farmers canreceive awarehouse such asagriculture products, livestock andagricultural machinery. many farmers isuncertain orinsecure. However, somefarmers may beable to rely onmovable assets collateral used for are financing immovable assets, such as land and real estate, while land tenure for harvesting, processing andtransporting operations. Indeveloping countries, themostcommon form of Farmers needaccess to credit to purchase inputssuchasseedandfertilizer, aswell asto finance for eachshipmentaswell asotherrequirements andphytosanitary procedures. certification indicators measure thetotal timeandcost required to obtainmandatory, documents agriculture-specific at lower prices. Agricultural markets offer for business opportunities smallholder farmers. Thetrading food Streamlined procedures for agricultural trade play role animportant insecuringagreater quantityoffood users inthefuture. their farmingbecauseofalackavailable information, andariskofgetting crowded outby bigwater challengesspecific thatarisefor somefarmers: aninabilityto accurately gauge water-related risksto be influenced by regulations governing farmers’ access to water. Theindicators are focused ontwo inadequate orthedistributionofrainfall changes over time.Thedecision to invest inirrigationcan sustain crops. use by farmers are limited, itisestimated thatroughly 80%ofallcropland relies onlyonrainwater to Farmers cannotgrow any crops orraise any animalswithoutadequate water. prohibit discrimination by creditors onthebasis ofsex orgender intheirlaws. Further, can’t legally openabank account inthesameway asmen,54 out of101 countries do notexplicitly bank account oraccessing credit. While there are onlytwo countries, Cameroon andNiger, where women when pursuing transactions relevant for agricultural businesses, suchassigningacontract, opening a by poor laws. income percapita.hg/An=hectogram peranimal. Note: Sources: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 2019 2.8High-qualityregulation onsustaininglivestockFigure isassociated withbetter agricultural outputs The correlation coefficient between the sustaining livestock score and milk yield is 0.7. The relationship is significant at the 1% level after controlling for controlling after level 1% the at significant is relationship The 0.7. is yield milk and score livestock sustaining the between coefficient correlation The Milk yield,hg/AN(FAO2017) Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture 15 100,000 Water becomes a severe constraint for farmers when the total amount of rainfall is 50,000 0 0 database;Food andAgriculture Organization(FAO) 2017. 20 Sustaining livestockscore 40 assesses several legal constraints that women face 60 16 Incountries where regulation 80 While data on water 100 Enabling the Women 19 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 20 Findings the BusinessofAgriculture Countries worldwide lackkey regulations to promote environmental sustainability. those ofmenwould increase overall agricultural outputindeveloping countries by 2.5–4%. farmers are consistently found to useless fertilizerthanmen. management institutions.Discriminatorylaws manifest de facto gender gaps.For example, women establish aquotaorothermechanismsintheirlaw to promote ofwomen theparticipation inwater and involvement ofwater users andwomen inwater management. Overall, 19outof101 countries For example, RwandaandTanzania have legally mandated quotasinplace to ensure theparticipation leadership positionsinlocal organizationsalsoplays role animportant inpromoting gender equality. obstacles inaccessing productive capitalsuchaswater, markets orfinance.Encouraging women to hold through organizationssuchaswater member-based management organizationsthatcanhelpovercome Kyrgyz Republic, Madagascar, theRussianFederation, andTajikistan. Rural women canbeempowered Restrictions for women to use,handle orapplyagricultural inputsare alsofound inAngola, Ethiopia,the such asfertilizer. For example, inEgyptwomen are notallowed to work withfertilizers andinsecticides. Business ofAgriculture by 75%andsaved exporters anestimated 72,000kilometers intravel annually. phytosanitary certificateselectronically, Kenya’s HealthInspectorate increased government revenues information exchange led to areduction inthe timeandcost offood exportingprocedures. Byissuing mitigate theirwater-related risks,especially duringprolonged droughts. 180% from 1994to 2010. The numberofregistered maizevarietiesreached 98andthemaizeyield increased by more than the 1993 National SeedPolicy, theprecursor to theSeeds Amendment Act, increased maizeyield levels. farmers increase theirproductivity. Streamlining seedregistration procedures in Bangladesh under regulatorySuccessful reforms intheareas measured by environmental sustainabilitycomponent inareas where they are critical. impact ofagriculture onnatural resources. However, for itisimportant countryscores to include an Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture carbon sequestration, ammoniaandmethaneemissions)thatare currently notanalyzedinthestudy. Agricultural activitiescanhave avarietyofpositive andnegative consequences ontheenvironment (e.g. for access to genetic resources. Yet, almosthalfofthecountries studiedhave notenacted laws thatestablishpredictable conditions that provide greater legal certaintyandtransparency for bothproviders andusers ofgenetic resources. biodiversity to stay productive. To preserve plantgenetic resources, governments needto enactlaws resources thatcanprovide certain desired traits andcharacteristics. Thismeansthatfarmers rely on The development ofadapted andimproved seedvarietiesrelies on theuseofdiverse plantgenetic agricultural fields. do notregulate themanagement ofrunoffwater withexcess fertilizer, chemicalsorsalinityfrom studied set a legal maximum for heavy metal content in fertilizer. surface andgroundwater, posingathreat to humanandanimalhealth.However, onlyhalfofcountries livestock. Fertilizer may contain traces ofheavy metals,whichcanaccumulate inthe soilandpollute environment. Farmers needaccess to water orgood qualityfertilizerto produce crops andmaintain Globally, regulation needsto improve to ensure thatproductivity does notcome atacost for the supplying seed,securingwater andregistering fertilizer indicators. sustainability aspects, air, biodiversity andoverall ecosystem health. environment andadequate natural resources to grow food. However, farmingitselfimpactswater, soil, long-term availability ofnatural resources needed for agricultural production. Farmers needahealthy 21 datareveal discriminatory laws, regarding particularly theapplicationofinputs Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture 23 InAustralia reforms ofwater information management allowed farmers to aims to measure regulatory practices thatcontribute to safeguarding the 22 does notintend to cover alltheregulatory aspectsaddressing the 1 9 Considering thecrosscutting nature ofenvironmental Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture hasintegrated key practices into the 1 7 20 Bringingwomen’s yields upto meet Andalmost half of countries studied 24 Recent reforms ofdigitalizing 25

1 8 Enabling help 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Notes 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17



van der Werf andPetit 2002. etal.2017.Adjognon The correlation coefficient between the registering tractors score and cereal yield (kg/ha)is0.5.The relationship issignificant atthe1% level after controlling Strange andScott 2005. Horne 2015. Kolady etal.2018. Data available for 80countries. Data available for 80countries. Data available for 80countries. Hoyum 2012. FAO 2011b. The correlation coefficient between protecting planthealthand cereal yield (kg/ha)is0.6.The relationship issignificantatthe1% level after controlling for Pica-Ciamarra etal.2015. Sheahan andBarrett 2017. FAO 2016. Morris etal.2007. FAO 2018. Stokes 2017. etal.1995. Udry FAO 2011a. Almekinders 2000. Nin-Pratt etal.2005. OECD/FAO 2018. WDI 2018. WDI 2017. for income percapita. income percapita. 21 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 22 References Beaman, L., D.Beaman, L., Udry. andC. Karlan, B.Thuysbaert, 2013. “Profitability ofFertilizer: ExperimentalEvidence from ofInformalAlmekinders, Important SeedSector 2000.“The andItsRelation C. withtheLegislative Framework.” Liverpool-Tasie, S., L. Adjognon, and T. Reardon. 2017. “Agricultural InputCredit inSub-Saharan Africa: Telling References Middelberg, S.2017. “ValueEvidence from ChainFinancing: Zambia onSmallholder Access for to Finance McArthur, J. W., McCord. andG.C. 2017. “Fertilizing Growth: Agricultural InputsandtheirEffects inEconomic Lowder, J.Skoet, S.K., andT. Raney. 2016.Number, “The Size, andDistributionofFarms, Smallholder Farms, and Lio, Liu. 2008. “Governance M., and M. C. and Agricultural Productivity: A Cross-National Analysis.” Lacroix, andP. R., Varangis. 1996.“UsingWarehouse Receipts inDeveloping and Transition Economies.” Kolady, D., andA.Awal. 2018.andSeedPolicy “SeedIndustry Reforms inBangladesh: ImpactsandImplications.” Kariuki, A.N.,J.M.Kihoro, andM.A.Iravo. 2019. “Networks andMarket Access for Small-Scale Dairy Enterprises Hoyum, 2012. R. “NepalFertilizerReport.” andNutrientAssessmentSummary USAID (United States Agency for Horne, J.2015. “Water Information asaTool to Enhance Sustainable Water Management—The Australian ———. 2018. “Global Trends inGDP, Agriculture Value Added, andFood Processing Value Added (1970 –2016).” ———. 2016. “Connecting Smallholders to Markets.” ———. 2011b. ———. 2011a. FAO (Food andAgriculture Organization).2008. Coomes, O. T., S.McGuire, E.Garine,S.Caillon, etal.2015. “Farmer SeedNetworks Make aLimited Contribution Family Farms Worldwide.” 33 (6):504–12. and Development International Food andAgribusiness Management Review Management Research in Kenya: AProductive Diversification Perspective.” International Development), Washington, DC. Experience.” http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-economic/gdpagriculture/en/. http://www.fao.org/cfs/home/activities/smallholders/en/. Rome: FAO. http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i1688e/i1688e.pdf. at Risk Supply ChainsandSmallholder Farmers. to Agriculture? Four Common Misconceptions.” Female Rice Farmers inMali.” Technology andAgrarian Development, Wageningen University, Netherlands. Myth from Facts.” Mechanization.” Development.” The State ofFood andAgriculture. Women inAgriculture: Closing thegender gap for development The State oftheWorld’s LandandWater Resources for Food andAgriculture: Managing Systems . Earthscan: NewYork.. Earthscan: Water Journal ofDevelopment Economics

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23 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019

Data Notes 03 25 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 26 Data Notes In addition, eachindicator reliesassumptionsneeded onspecific to ensure datacomparability. using thefollowing standardized setofassumptions aboutadomestic farmergrowing crops andcattle: To allow for cross-country comparability, theteam collects data onagency websites aswell astexts ofrelevant laws andregulations inforce asofJune30,2018. Once thedataare collected, theteam analyzestheinformation inconjunction withpubliclyavailable this year’s studyisavailable athttp://eba.worldbank.org. regulatory processes ontheground. Detailed information aboutthelocal expertswhocontributed to conference callsandin-person meetings.Theteam visited eightcountries to verify thedataandobserve questionnaires, theteam engaged withagriculture expertsinseveral rounds ofinteraction by email, private businesses,government agencies, nonprofitorganizationsanduniversities. Inaddition to the For thisreport,questionnaires were administered to through desk research aswell asthrough collaboration withtheWorld BankGroup’s agriculture experts. their knowledge ofrelevant regulations andadministrative processes. Thesespecialistsare identified The project collects datathroughoutquestionnaires, questionnaires.ineachcountryfill sharing Experts trading food andaccessing finance. registering fertilizer, securingwater, registering machinery, sustaininglivestock, protecting planthealth, bureaucratic processes thataffect farmers in101 countries. Itcovers eightindicators: supplyingseed, Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Methodology In theremaining ofherland,shegrows part amixofcrops to feed herfamily. On 90%ofherland,shegrows asingle crop to sell. She owns andfarmsless than5hectares ofland. The farmerlives within100kilometers ofthelargest businesscityinthecountry.

presents indicators thatmeasure thelaws, regulations and

more than Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture

4,000 respondents from law firms,

data Time isrecordedTime incalendar days andcaptures themedianduration ofeachprocedure. The time Time The supplyingseedindicator relies onseveral assumptions aboutthecereal variety, namely: collected isvalidated through detailed desk reviews oftherelevant laws andregulations ineachcountry. seed companies, nationalseedassociations,government authoritiesandacademics. Theinformation Information for thesupplyingseedindicator iscollected through aquestionnaire administered to Table 3.1 Supplyingseedindicator datapointsandscoring methodology for farmers to access high-qualityseed(table 3.1). is asimple average ofthescores ofitsthree components, withhighervaluesindicatingbetter support assigned iftheanswer is“yes,” andascore of0isassignediftheanswer is“no.” Theaggregate indicator transparency ofvarietyrelease andefficiency processes. For eachlegal datapoint,ascore of1is cost ofregistering anewvariety, and(c)ninelegal datapointsassessinggood practices thatpromote use by domestic farmers. Thisindicator includes: (a)thetimeittakes to register anewvariety, (b)the The supplyingseedindicator measures laws andregulationsthetimelyrelease thatsupport ofseedfor Supplying seed start onconsecutivestart days). Thetimespansfor thedistinctiveness, uniformity andstability(DUS)testing may take place simultaneously, they onthesame day cannotstart (thatis,simultaneous procedures an applicationare excluded. Theminimumtimefor each procedure isoneday. Althoughprocedures catalogue gazette. oritspublication intheofficial Tests thattheapplicantperforms priorto completing last procedure required to release thevarietyonmarket, which isoften thelistinginnational span for eachprocedure oftheregistration withthefirstfiling starts application andendswiththe c. Qualityofseedregulation index b. Cost to register anewcereal variety to registera. Time anewcereal variety DATA POINT ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ materials inyour country? Does thelaw prescribe theprocedural requirements to access plantgenetic Does thenationalseedauthoritypublishafee schedule for costs? seedcertification certify seed? Can private seedcompanies orthird (for parties example, private laboratories) public varieties? Can private seedcompanies orthird produce parties “early generation seed”from Is thevarietycatalogue updated atleast once pergrowing season? Is there acatalogue listingregistered varieties? once pergrowing season? In practice, does thevarietyrelease committee (VRC)meetondemand oratleast authorities accepted? Are distinctiveness, uniformity andstability(DUS)testing datafrom foreign automatically approved for commercialization? If avarietyisalready registered inanothercountry, does thelaw allow itto be It hasnotbeenregistered inany othercountry. the entire country. Incountries where maizeisnotproduced, anothertypeofcereal isconsidered. It isamaizevarietydeveloped by theprivate sector andisbeingregistered for thefirsttimein Sum ofsub-questions Percent ofincome percapita Calendar days SCORING 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 27 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 28 Data Notes classified as reforms. To acknowledge the implementation of significant changes, the reforms captured good seed.Dependingonthedataimpact,certainchanges between July1,2016 andJune30,2018 are The supplyingseedindicator tracks biennialregulatory andprocedural changes inthearea ofaccessing Reforms * Procedures take place onconsecutive simultaneouslybutstart days. Note: Table 3.2Example ofaprocedure listfor thesupplyingseedindicator, Brazil are notscored. (for example, undertake orthirdsuccessfully thisfunction Australia,the industry parties United States) practice. Countries where government oversight ofseedperformance trialsisnotinstituted butwhere is notyet inforce orimplemented. Ascore of0isrecorded ifavariety registration isnotdone in registered by theprivate sector between July1,2016 andJune30,2018, orifseedregistration legislation A countryisconsidered “nopractice” onthetimeandcost components if either noseedvarietywas Countries withnopractice ornoscore such services. Allcosts are recorded aspercent ofincome percapita(usingcurrent USdollars). is taken. Professional fees (for example, fees) notary are onlyincluded iftheapplicantisrequired to use schedules, theestimates provided by expertrespondents are recorded andthemedianofresponses costsOnly official are recorded, includingany applicable fees andtaxes. Cost For countries withtwo cropping seasonsperyear: For countries withonecropping seasonperyear: performed, asnoted below (table 3.2). seasons inagiven country, andtheminimumnumberofseasonsduringwhicheachtest mustbe and valuefor cultivationanduse(VCU) testing are standardized according to thenumberofcropping of variationsin exchange rates and/or income percapita.For example, thepublicationofanofficial data thatis10% ormore. Comparable dataare usedto calculate the changes, eliminating any impact registering a new seed variety, a reform is considered to be any decrease from thepreviously published score from 0to 1onany ofthesub-questions.For thetimeandcost components associated with a reform isconsidered to beany change inlaws andregulations thatleads to animprovement ofa by theindicator are listed inthereport’s reform summariessection.For the indicator’s legal component, Total Publication inthegazette Listing innationalcatalogue Approval release andofficial Technical review testing -valueforField cultivationanduse(VCU) testing -distinctness,uniformityField andstability(DUS)test Application for evaluation andregistration PROCEDURE ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ National Register ofCultivars ofAgriculture, oftheMinistry Livestock, andSupply=RNC. If two seasonsoftesting are required for registration, thecorresponding timespanis547 days. If oneseasonoftesting isrequired for registration, thecorresponding timespanis182days. If two seasonsoftesting are required for registration, thecorresponding timespanis275 days. If oneseasonoftesting isrequired for registration, thecorresponding timespanis135days. 576 days 30 days 30 days 90 days 60 days 275 days 275 days 90 days TIME * * In theabsencefee ofofficial $266 $0 $0 $155 $52 $0 $0 $59 COST RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC AGENCY 3 1 4 2

Information for the Table 3.3Registering indicator fertilizer datapointsandscoring methodology indicating better regulatory for support farmers to access high-qualityfertilizer. aggregate indicator isasimple average ofthescores onitsthree components, withhighervalues a score of1isassignediftheanswer is“yes,” andascore of0isassignediftheanswer is“no.” The ensuring farmers’ access to high-quality, unadulterated fertilizer(table 3.3).For eachlegal datapoint, (b) thecost to register anewfertilizerproduct, and(c)sixdatapointsonassessinglaws andregulations access to high-qualityfertilizer. Thisindicator includes: (a)thetimeto register anewfertilizerproduct, The registering fertilizer indicator measures laws andregulations thathelpdomestic farmers gain Registering fertilizer study. Regulatory changes thatlead to adecrease score inacountry’s are alsocaptured. as a reformclassified for the cost component. Therefore, these reforms would be acknowledged in the for thelegal component. Andreducing cost to register anewmaizevarietyfrom $500to $249would be catalogue listingvarietiesregistered inacountrywould represent areform withaone-pointincrease The fertilizer: The fertilizercompany: registered fertilizerproduct, asnoted below. The reviews oftherelevant laws andregulations ineachcountry (table 3.4). as farmer associations ineach country. Theinformation collected isvalidated through detailed desk experts from fertilizercompanies, fertilizerassociations andrelevant government authorities,aswell Is there amaximum allowable content ofheavy metals? languageofficial andincludes allthestipulated requirements? Must labelscontain comprehensive information onfertilizer thatisinthecountry’s member country free from re-registration? Under aregional fertilizerregistration agreement, isafertilizer registered inanother Is there anonlinenationalcatalogue listingallregistered fertilizers inyour country? Is there alegal limitto thevalidityoffertilizer registration (inyears)? Must private companies register newchemicalfertilizers to have themcommercialized? c. Qualityoffertilizer regulation index b. Cost to register anewfertilizer product to registera. Time anewfertilizer product DATA POINT ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂

registering fertilizer indicator relies onseveral assumptionsaboutthefertilizercompany andthe Is registered for marketing purposes. Is produced inaforeign country. Is anewchemicalfertilizer product. Has registered atleast onenewfertilizer product inthecountry. fertilizer toImports sellinthelocal market. Is domestically registered inthecountry. Is aprivate sector company.

registering fertilizer indicator is collected through a questionnaire administered to Sum ofsub-questions Percent ofincome percapita Calendar days SCORING 1 (Noor≥10years) /0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 29 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 30 Data Notes Table 3.4Example ofaprocedure listfor theregistering indicator, fertilizer Bangladesh (for instance, Australia, NewZealand). registration isnotinstituted undertake butwhere thisfunction orthirdsuccessfully theindustry parties registration isnotdone inpractice. Countries are notscored where government oversight offertilizer required. Hence, ascore of0isassignediffertilizer registration isnotlegally required orfertilizer not implemented. “Not applicable” (N/A) is recorded in cases when fertilizerregistration is not legally registered between July1,2016 andJune30,2018, orifanapplicable fertilizer registration legislation is A countryisconsidered “nopractice” on thetimeandcost components ifeithernofertilizer was Countries withnopractice, notapplicable ornoscore registration isnotdone inpractice. dollars). Countries receive ascore of0ifthey do nothave arequirement to register fertilizerorifthe their required documents. Allcosts are recorded aspercent ofincome percapita(usingcurrent US feesall theofficial andtaxes associated withtherelevant licenses, permitsandcertificates,along with The registration cost includes thetotal cost ofregistering anewfertilizerproduct. Thecost captures Cost they onthesameday cannotstart (thatis,simultaneousprocedures onconsecutive start days). The minimumtimefor eachprocedure isoneday. Althoughprocedures may take place simultaneously, it takes to complete eachprocedure isaggregated to obtainthetotal timeittakes to register afertilizer. once thecompany hasreceived document, thefinal suchasfertilizerregistration certificate.Thetime procedure. Aprocedure’s durationofanapplicationorademand withthefirstfiling andends starts isrecordedfertilizer product. Time incalendar days andrepresents amedianduration for each Fertilizer registration timecaptures thetotal timeittakes for afertilizercompany to register anew Time and June 30, 2018 are classified as reforms. To acknowledge the implementation of ficant signi changes, accessing high-quality fertilizer. Dependingonthedataimpact,certainchanges between July1,2016 The registering fertilizer indicator tracks biennialregulatory andprocedural changes inthearea of Reforms Resource Development Institute. Note: previously publisheddatathatis 10%ormore. Comparable data are usedto calculate thechanges, components associated withregistering product, anewfertilizer areform isany decrease from the leads to animprovement ofascore from 0to 1on any ofthesub-questions.For thetimeand cost indicator’s legal component, a reform is considered to be any change in laws and regulations that the reforms captured by theindicator are listed in thereport’sreform summariessection.For the PROCEDURE Total registrationFinal for commercial sale Gazette notification National committee approval Environmental report testing Field Content verification report Application for registration BARI=Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute; BINA=Bangladesh Institute ofNuclear Agriculture; BRRI=Bangladesh Rice Research Institute; SRDI=Soil TIME 30 days 97 days 30 days 593 days 75 days 60 days 945 days 60 days COST $699.23 $59.23 $0 $0 $118.52 $521.48 $0 $0 AGENCY Department ofAgriculturalDepartment Extension ofAgricultureMinistry National Fertilizer Standardization Committee ofEnvironmentDepartment BARI, BRRI,BINA BARI, BINA,BRRI,SRDI Bangladesh Standards andTesting Institution, National Fertilizer Technical Committee The securingwater indicator relies onseveral assumptionsaboutthefarmer andherpotential water in eachcountry. The information collected isvalidated through detailed desk reviews oftherelevant laws andregulations experts inirrigation,water resources management, water law andenvironmental law ineachcountry. Information for thesecuringwater indicator iscollected through aquestionnaire administered to Table 3.5Securingwater indicator datapointsandscoring methodology navigate through water investment decisions (table 3.5). and thusranges from 0to 10,withhighervaluesindicatingbetter legalfor support farmers asthey score of0isassignediftheanswer is“no.” Theaggregate indicator sumsuptheunderlying datapoints that affect theiraccess to water. For eachdatapoint, ascore of1isassignediftheanswer is“yes,” anda risks andthatprovide to opportunities manage thoserisksthrough active engagement inprocesses data points with key features that can help farmers to better understand their water-related investment decisions asto whetherandhow muchto invest inirrigationfor theirfarm.Thisindicator includes ten The securingwater indicator measures laws andregulations thathelpdomestic farmers make better Securing water are alsocaptured. recorded for theregistration process. Regulatory changes thatlead to adecrease inacountry’sscore procedures and therefore would be acknowledged and cost components are in the report. Time also This change would represent areform withaone-pointincrease for theintroduction ofregistration would result inacountrymoving from the“noregistration” category to registering fertilizer products. introducing alaw thatimplements andenforces registration procedures for newfertilizerproducts eliminating any impactfrom variationsinexchange rates and/or income percapita.For example, use, asfollows: Does the law specifically support themanagementDoes thelaw support ofnon-pointsources specifically of pollution? resource management institutions? Is there aquotaorothermechanismto promote ofwomen theparticipation inwater of thepublicnotice andcomment perioddefined? Is thelength extraction permitsare made? Must there beapublicnotice andcomment periodbefore decisions onnewmajorwater Are water resource management plansbindingonwater allocation decisions? Must apriorityorder besetfor allocation between different typesofwater uses? Must water resource management plansbeupdated onasetschedule? Must water users berepresented inwater resource management institutions? Must results from ongoing water resource monitoring bemade publiclyavailable? Must information aboutwater usesbemade publiclyavailable? Securing water index DATA POINT ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ falls withinany relevant exemptions for small-scale water use. In countries thatrequire permitsfor water extraction anduse,thewater usethatsheisconsidering Her farmisnotlocated within a current orplannedcollective irrigation scheme. She iscurrently notirrigatinghercrops butisconsidering whetherornotto invest inirrigation. Sum ofsub-questions SCORING 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 31 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 32 Data Notes any ofthegovernment officials. procedure isoneday. Itisassumedthataregistering person orcompany hashadnopriorcontact with received, suchasthereceipt ofthe tractor registration certificate. Theminimum timerequired for each ofanapplicationordemand withthefirst filing andendsoncedocumenttime starts thefinal is isrecordedTime incalendar days andcaptures eachprocedure’s medianduration. Eachprocedure’s Time by farmers: The registering indicator machinery relies onanassumptionabouttheagricultural tractor anditsuse through detailed desk reviews ofrelevant laws andregulations. companies associationsineachcountry.machinery andindustry Theinformation collected isvalidated to publicsector expertsinagricultural mechanization, aswell asprofessionals from private agricultural Information for theregistering indicator machinery iscollected through aquestionnaire administered Table 3.6Registering indicator datapointsandscoring machinery methodology better access to mechanizationfor farmers (table 3.6). two components, withhighervaluesindicatingmoreagricultural efficient tractor registration andhence cost required to register atractor. Theaggregate indicator score isasimple average ofthescores ofthe farm mechanization. In particular, the indicator focuses on: (a) the time to register a tractor and (b) the bymachinery domestic farmers. The indicator focuses on agricultural tractors as a proxy for overall The registering indicator machinery measures regulatory processes thatimpactthe useofagricultural Registering machinery decrease inacountry’s score are alsocaptured. point increase andtherefore would beacknowledged inthereport.Regulatory changes thatlead to a water resource monitoring datamustbemade publiclyavailable would represent areform withaone- Comparable data are used to record thechanges. For example, introducing a new law that requires that considered areform ifitleads to animprovement ofascore from 0to 1onany ofthequestions. indicator are listed inthereport’sreform summariessection.Any change inlaws andregulations is the by captured reforms the changes, significant of implementation the acknowledgeTo reforms. as classified are 2018 30, June and 2016 1, July between changes certain impact, data the on Depending The securing water indicator tracks biennial regulatory changes in the area of irrigation investments. Reforms with therequired documents. Intheabsence fee of official schedules, closest estimates by expert Cost captures fees allthe official associated withthetractor registration aswell ascosts associated Cost Cost to register atractor to registerTime atractor DATA POINT ҂ ҂ to pull,carry, propel ordrive implements. All self-propelled implements are excluded. The tractor isatwo-axle, four-wheel drive agricultural tractor thepower thatisdesigned to furnish Percent ofincome percapita Calendar days SCORING (table indicating better regulatory for support farmers asthey navigate through livestock farmingdecisions is “no.” Theaggregate indicator score isasimple average ofeachtheindexes, withhighervalues each datapoint,ascore of1isassignediftheanswer is“yes,” andascore of0isassignediftheanswer mechanisms to reportunexpected andnegative reactions to veterinary medicinalproducts used.For veterinary medicinalproducts; promote theaffordability ofveterinary medicinalproducts; andprovide includes six data pointsthat: examine key features thatensure the availability of high-quality andsafe the traceability offeed available inthemarket. Thequalityofveterinary medicinal products index the availability ofsafe feed, give farmers information ontheuseoffeed andprovide mechanismsfor The qualityofmanufactured feed index includes fivedatapointsthatexamine key features thatensure includes two legal components thatcover: (a)manufactured feed and (b)veterinary medicinalproducts. high-quality andaffordable livestock farminginputsfor animalnutritionandhealth. Theindicator The sustaininglivestock indicator measures regulations affecting domestic farmers’ access to safe, Sustaining livestock are alsocaptured. would beacknowledged inthereport.Regulatory changes thatlead to adecrease inacountry’sscore from 90 to 75days would asareform be classified to the time component. Therefore, these reforms component. Similarly, adecrease inthetimerequired to obtainanewtractor registration certificate of anewtractor registration certificate from $200to $150 would asareform beclassified for thecost impact ofvariationsinexchange rates and/or income percapita.For example, areduction inthecost published datathatis10%ormore. Comparable dataare usedto calculate thechanges, eliminatingany associated with registering a tractor, a reform is considered to be any decrease from the previously by theindicator are listed inthereport’sreform summariessection.For thetimeandcost components classified as reforms. To acknowledge the implementation of signi ficant changes, the reforms captured tractor. Dependingonthedataimpact,certainchanges between July1,2016 andJune30,2018 are The registering indicator machinery tracks biennialprocedural changes inthearea ofregistering a Reforms is notdone inpractice. (N/A). Hence, a score of 0 is assigned if tractor registration is not legally required or tractor registration not implemented. Iftractor registration isnotlegally required, isrecorded acountry as “not applicable” registered between July1,2016 andJune30,2018, oriftheapplicable tractor registration legislation is A country isconsidered “nopractice” onthetimeandcost components ifeithernotractor was Countries withnopractice ornotapplicable the costs exclude bribes. reported. Allcosts are recorded aspercent ofincome percapita(usingcurrent USdollars). Inallcases respondents are recorded. If several respondents provide different estimates, the median value is

3.7). 33 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 34 Data Notes Reforms The veterinary medicinalproducts: The farmer: medicinal products, asnoted below. The sustaining livestock indicator relies onseveral assumptionsaboutthefarmer andtheveterinary collected isvalidated through detailed desk reviews oftherelevant laws andregulations ineachcountry. questionnaire isadministered to manufacturers, importers, lawyers andregulators. Theinformation administered to animalnutritionandfeed manufacturing experts. Theveterinary medicinalproducts on manufactured feed andveterinary medicinalproducts. Themanufactured feed questionnaire is Information for thesustaininglivestock indicator iscollected through two separate questionnaires Table 3.7Sustaininglivestock indicator datapointsandscoring methodology listed inthe report’s reform summaries section.Areform is considered to beany change inlaws and are indicator the by captured reforms the changes, significant of implementationTo the acknowledge reforms. as classified are 2018 30, June and 2016 1, July between changes certain impact, data the on livestock farminginputs,including manufactured feed andveterinary medicinal products. Depending The sustaininglivestock indicator tracks biennialregulatory changes interms ofaccessing high-quality, unexpected ordangerous reactions to marketed veterinary medicinalproducts? Must registration holders ofveterinary medicinalproducts have amechanismto capture name veterinary medicinalproducts? Is there proprietary timebetween aspecified registration ofageneric andaregistered brand- Are generic versions ofaregistered brand-name veterinary medicinalproducts allowed by law? relevant regulatory authority? Is there registered alistofofficially veterinary medicinalproducts onthewebsite ofthe Is there timeframe aspecific setby law for dossier revision? or normalsituations)? Must theveterinary medicinalproducts beregistered to becommercialized (innon-emergency Are feed manufacturers required to keep monitoring records? mandatory labelinginformation? Must manufactured feed sold inbulkbeaccompanied by adocument containing all Must manufactured feed belabeled? Are inspectionsofin-usefeed manufacturingfacilitiesbasedonariskassessment? Must feed manufacturingfacilitiesbeapproved before ofoperations? thestart b. Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index a. Qualityofmanufactured feed index DATA POINT ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ Is notintended for specifically inclusioninanimalfeed. Is intended for specifically farmanimals. self-consumption. Commercializes 90%ofthemilkproduced through aproducer organizationanduses10% for Is yet to vaccinate somecattle for common diseases. Uses antiparasitic andantimicrobial drugsto treat infections. Feeds cattle usingpurchased feed from commercial entitiesandfeed produced onthefarm. Raises cattle. dairy Sum ofsub-questions Sum ofsub-questions SCORING 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 considered to be any change in laws and regulations that leads to an improvement of a score from 0 to reforms captured by theindicator are listed in thereport’s reforms summariessection.Areform is reforms.Toas classified are2018 30, June changes,the acknowledgesignificant of implementation the pests andplantdiseases.Dependingonthedataimpact, certainchanges between July1,2016 and The protecting planthealthindicator tracks biennialregulatory changes related to theprevention of Reforms regulations. each country. Theinformation collected isvalidated through detailed desk reviews ofrelevant laws and to government agencies responsible for plantprotection andotherexperts onphytosanitary issuesin Information for theprotecting planthealthindicator is collected through a questionnaire administered Table 3.8Protecting planthealthindicator data pointsandscoring methodology markets regulatory for support farmers to manage pestrisksandmeetphytosanitary standards indestination the underlying datapointsandthusranges from 0to 5,withhighervaluesindicatingstronger legal and the answer is“yes,” andascore of0isassignediftheanswer is“no.” Theaggregate indicator sumsupall pest lists,riskanalysisandrisk-based inspections.For eachdatapoint,ascore of1isassignedif border. Theindicator captures theaccessibility ofpestinformation, reporting obligations,quarantine includes five datapointsondomestic pestmanagement measures andphytosanitary controls atthe prevent and control pests and plant diseases as well as improve access to markets. This indicator The protecting plant health indicator measures phytosanitary legislation thathelps domestic farmers Protecting planthealth a decrease inacountry’s score are alsocaptured. increase. Therefore, thisreform would beacknowledged inthereport.Regulatory changes thatlead to manufacturing facilitiespriorto ofoperations thestart would represent areform withaone-point data are usedto record thechanges. For example, introducing alaw thatrequires theapproval offeed regulations thatleads to animprovement ofascore from 0to 1onany ofthesub-questions.Comparable to adecrease inacountry’s score are alsocaptured. one-point increase and therefore would beacknowledged inthereport. Regulatory changes thatlead law thatdesignates agovernment agency to conduct pestriskanalysiswould represent areform witha 1 onany ofthequestions. Comparable dataare usedto record thechanges. For example, introducing a Are risk-based phytosanitary inspectionsallowed? import for ofplantproducts? imports Is there adesignated government agency tasked withconducting pestriskanalysis(PRA) Is there apublicly-available listofregulated quarantine pests? penalties associated withnon-compliance? Must landowners/users report pestoutbreaks to thegovernment andare there any website? host information, 3)current statusand4)control methods,beobtainedonagovernment Can comprehensive information onplantpestsanddiseasesthatincludes 1)pictures, 2) Quality ofphytosanitary regulation index DATA POINT

(table

3.8). 1/0.5 ifthere isobligation Sum ofsub-questions SCORING but nopenalties/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 35 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 36 Data Notes transaction, asfollows: The trading food regulations ineachcountry. each country. Theinformation collected isvalidated through detailed desk reviews ofrelevant laws and well asgovernment agencies responsible for agricultural trade agricultural andspecific products in sector agribusinessesengaged inexportingagricultural products, andtrade/export associations,as Information for thetrading food * Source: Women, Business andtheLaw2018 Table 3.9Trading food indicator datapointsandscoring methodology indicating more agricultural efficient exportprocedures (table aggregate indicator score isasimple average ofthescores ofthethree components, withhighervalues score of 1 is assigned if the answer is “yes,” and a score of 0 is assigned if theanswer is “no.” The requirements and phytosanitary procedures. certification For each data point under component (c), a agriculture-specific documents for eachshipment,and(c)seven datapointsonlicense andmembership mandatory, agriculture-specific documents for eachshipment,(b)thetotal cost to obtainmandatory, products to markets. Theindicator hasthree components, namely:(a)thetotal timerequired to obtain The trading food Trading food export onaper shipmentbasis,takinginto account any simultaneity. to complete Time membership isrecordedTime inhours andcaptures themedianduration to obtaintherequired documents to Time Can awoman legally signacontract inthesameway asa man?* Can aproducer organizationbeestablishedwithoutaminimumcapitalrequirement? Is thephytosanitary certificate fee publiclyavailable? Can phytosanitary certificates beissued on-site where goods are located? Is there anePhyto system inplace to generate, issue andexchange certificates online? Can exporters applyfor aphytosanitary certificateonline? licenses ormemberships? Are exporters ofagricultural products free from therequirement to obtaintrader-level c. Trading food index b. Cost to obtainagriculture-specific exportdocuments to obtain agriculture-specific export documents a. Time DATA POINT ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ assumed to betreated andmarked withanapproved international sealcertifyingthattreatment. widely (suchaswood usedmethod.All packingmaterials pallets) thatrequire are fumigation An exportshipmentweighs 15metrictons andisvaluedat$50,000.Itpacked withthemost An export shipment istransported from awarehouse located inthecountry’smainbusinesscity. A trading isthelargest partner purchaser oftheexportproduct. A product isthecountry’s mostexported agricultural product. processing zone. entity. It performs general agricultural trading activities and does not operate in a special export An agricultural exporter canbeaproducer organizationorany othertypeofanapplicable legal

indicator measures laws andregulations thathelpdomestic farmers trade agricultural indicator relies onseveral assumptionsaboutanagricultural exporter andanexport data are usedassecondary data.

indicator iscollected through aquestionnaire administered to private

3.9). 5 Sum ofsub-questions US$ Hours SCORING 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0

The accessing finance Accessing finance score are alsocaptured. reforms would beacknowledged in thereport.Regulatory changes thatlead to adecrease inacountry’s through anewsingle window would asareform beclassified onthetimecomponent. Therefore, these time required to obtainmandatory, agriculture-specificexport documents from 100hours to 48hours certificates would represent a reform with a one-point increase on the trading food index. Reducing the published datathatis10%ormore. For example, introducing anonlineapplicationfor phytosanitary associated withexport documents, areform isconsidered to beany decrease from thepreviously to animprovement ofascore from 0to 1onany ofthequestions.For thetimeandcost components indicator’s legal component, areform isconsidered to beany change inlaws and regulations thatleads the reforms captured by theindicator are listed inthereport’sreform summariessection.For the and June 30, 2018 are classified as reforms. To acknowledge the implementation of significant changes, agricultural products to markets. Dependingonthedataimpact,certainchanges between July1,2016 The trading food Reforms *Procedures take place simultaneously. Note: Table 3.10 Example ofantrading food indicator another mandatory exportdocument. Inallcasesthecost excludes bribes. they result intheissuance ofastandalone mandatoryexport document, orare conditional to obtaining that applyto aselected product oranexport ofagricultural products ingeneral are included onlywhen recorded. Traditional (scheduled) border taxes/tariffs are specialcharges notcaptured. Other ortaxes the questionnaire. If several respondents provide different estimates, the median reported valueis are asked to convert local currency into U.S. dollars basedontheexchange rate oftheday they answer required by law to obtainthemandatorydocuments. Costs are reported inU.S. dollars. Respondents The cost includes fees all official as well as fees for legal or professional services if such services are Cost owners, managers and/or employees did not have any prior contact with government (table officials 3.10). desired document, suchasthereceipt ofthephytosanitary certificate.Itisassumedthatacompany’s ofanapplicationordemand,with thefirstfiling andendsonce thecompany hasreceived thefinal requirements orto obtaintrader-level licenses isnotmeasured. Atimeframe for eachdocument starts (table 3.11). of theindexes withhigher valuesindicatingbetter regulatory for support farmers accessing finance score of0isassigned iftheanswer is“no.” Theaggregate indicator score isasimple average of each receipts attractive collateral. For eachdatapoint, ascore of1isassignediftheanswer is“yes,” anda rights ofbothdepositors andlenders, facilitatingtheenforceability ofsecuritiesandmakingwarehouse receipt can be an effective financing tool to access credit. Strong laws and regulations protect the inclusive finance.For domestic farmers whomay nothave traditional immovable collateral, warehouse Total Obtain aqualitycertificate Obtain aphytosanitary certificate PROCEDURE ICA= Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario.

indicator tracks biennialregulatory andprocedural changes related to thetrade of

indicator measures laws andregulations onthe useofwarehouse receipts and 36 hours 36 hours 36 hours TIME

procedure list,Colombia * $35 COST $85 $50 ICA AGENCY National Coffee Exporters’ Federation 37 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 38 Data Notes lead to adecrease inacountry’s score are alsocaptured. warehouse receipts index andtherefore would beacknowledged inthereport.Regulatory changes that contain information aboutsecurityinterests would represent areform withaone-point increase onthe to record thechanges. For example, introducing legal provisions thatrequire warehouse receipts to leads to animprovement ofascore from 0to 1onany ofthequestions.Comparable dataare used reform summariessection.Areform isconsidered to beany change inlaws andregulations that report’s the in listedare indicator the byreformscaptured the changes, significant of implementation the Toacknowledgereforms. as classified are 2018 30, June and 2016 1, July between changes certain warehouse receipts ascollateral to access credit andinclusive finance.Dependingonthedataimpact, The accessing financeindicator tracks biennialregulatory changes related to theeaseofusing Reforms of therelevant laws andregulations ineachcountry. lawyersfinancial ineachcountry. Theinformation collected isvalidated through detailed desk reviews Information for theaccessing finance * Source: Women, Business andtheLaw2018 Table 3.11 Accessing indicator finance datapointsandscoring methodology Does thelaw prohibit discriminationby creditors onthebasisofsex orgender?* Can awoman legally openabankaccount inthesameway asaman?* institution license) issuee-money inyour country? institutionbusinesses(i.e.Can non-financial businessesthatdo nothold any financial Is there alaw regulating agent bankingactivitiesinyour country? Does thelaw allow licensed deposit-taking MFIsinyour country? b. Inclusive financeindex Must warehouse receipts contain information onsecurityinterests over thegoods? Are electronic warehouse receipts legally recognized? Can warehouse receipts benegotiable? Must warehouse operators provide any ofthefollowing performance guarantees? Is there alaw regulating theoperation ofwarehouse receipts? a. Warehouse receipts index DATA POINT c. Insure awarehouse orstored goods againstdamage b.  a bondwitharegulatora. File Pay into anindemnity orguarantee to secure performance fund ofobligations data are usedassecondary data.

indicator iscollected through aquestionnaire administered to Sum ofsub-questions Sum ofsub-questions SCORING 1 ifany /0 ifnone 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1 Notes in current U.S. dollars isusedasthedenominator. indicators expressed asapercentage ofincome percapita,2018 grosspercapita national income (GNI) method (incurrent U.S. dollars). For thesupplyingseed,registering fertilizer, registering cost machinery Bank’s high income. Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries are assigned the “regional” as OECD classification include countries from allincome groups. For thereport,high-income Organisationfor Economic countries, regional averages presented infigures andtables in classifications. group. Indicator scores canbeusedto examine differences amongcountries inthesameregion orincome Calculating theindicator score for eachcountryinvolves two mainsteps, asnoted below: a country’sabsolute performance level andcanbeusedto track improvements over time(table 3.12). benchmark countries againstregulatory good practices thataffect farmers. Theindicator scores assess Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Indicator andaggregate scores 6 5 4 3 2  Time includes the 365 days of a full calendar includes year the365days andanadditional ofafull seasonoftests Time corresponding to 182days. Time isbasedontheaverage Time growing timefor medium-maturing varietiesofmaizeinacountry withtwo cropping seasons.  Time includes two seasonsof135days Time and5days between seasonsto plow and prepare thelandfor thenext season oftests.

Time isbasedontheaverageTime growing timefor medium-maturingvarietiesofmaizeinacountry withonecropping season.Acropping seasoninacountry with one seasonpercalendar year tends to lastlonger thanoneinacountry withtwo seasonsperyear. Agricultural products are defined asplant-based agricultural products according to theHarmonized Commodity Descriptionand Coding System 1996 version, (various ministriesand departments) andWorld Bank Group country offices were used to identify the productexport andnatural trading partners. Commodity Trade StatisticsDatabase (UNComtrade). For countries for whichtrade flow data were not available, datafrom ancillary government sources and theexport product for eachcountry, theproject team collected dataontrade flows for 2009–12 from international databasessuchastheUnited Nations including vegetables, fruits,coffee, tea, cereals, oilseeds,sugar, cocoa, tobacco andcotton (HS07, 08,09, 10,12,17, 18,24,52).To identify thetrading partner Available athttp://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups. ҂ ҂ ҂ ҂ First, individual components areFirst, normalizedto acommon unitwhereis eachcomponent (y) which thecountry hasimproved over time. The difference between acountry’s indicator score between report years illustrates the extent to from 0to 100,where 0represents theworst performance and100represents thebestperformance. indicator score. Allthecomponent scores are equallyweighted. Acountry’s indicator score ranges In the second step, component scores are aggregated through simple averaging to obtain one component scores. the mostdispersed distributions(includingthetimeandcost). Nooutlierisremoved for legal each component. To simplifytheprocess, the95thpercentile isusedfor thecomponents with calculated after theremoval ofoutliers. Thedefinitionofoutliers isbased on thedistributionfor in thedistributionsofrescaled dataforcomponents, efficiency theworst performance is practice” (seehttp://eba.worldbank.org for details). To mitigate theeffects ofextreme outliers performance is set by the highest performing country and a score of 0 is assigned in cases of “no The worst performance score istheworst valuerecorded. For components, efficiency thebest performance issetatthehighestpossible score, even ifnocountry currently obtainsthatscore. rescaled usinglineartransformation (worst–y)/(worst–best). For legal components, thebest Enabling the Business of Agriculture World Development Indicators Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture 6 While the World Bank Group does not assign regional to classifications high-income

presents indicator scores thataggregate individualdatapointsto

for the respective year. Income is calculated usingthe Atlas

uses theWorld BankGroup’s regional andincome group

reports income percapitaaspublishedintheWorld Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture

39 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 40 Data Notes Notes: Source: EnablingtheBusinessofAgriculture 2019 Table 3.12 Whichcountries setthebestregulatory performance?

Inclusive financeindex (0-5) Warehouse receipts index (0-5) Accessing finance Trading food index (0-7) documents (US$) Cost to obtainagriculture-specific export documents (hours) to obtainagriculture-specific export Time Trading food Quality ofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Protecting planthealth (0-6) Quality ofveterinary medicinalproducts index Quality ofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) to registerTime atractor (calendar days) Registering machinery Securing water index (0-10) Securing water Quality offertilizer regulation index (0-6) (% ofincome percapita) Cost to register anewfertilizer product (calendar days) to registerTime anewfertilizer product Registering fertilizer Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) per capita) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome (calendar days) to registerTime anewcereal variety Supplying seed INDICATOR

h. g. f. e. d. c. b. a. r. q. p. o. n. m. l. k. j. i. Worst performance isdefined asthe95thpercentile amongall countries in the The bestregulatory performance for time to register anewfertilizer product is11days. However, thetimeto register anewfertilizer product is Worst performance istheworst valuerecorded. Another 12countries score 9outofonthequalityseedregulation index. Worst performance isdefined asthe95thpercentile amongall countries withtwo cropping seasonsinthe Worst performance isdefined asthe95thpercentile amongall countries withonecropping seasoninthe For countries withtwo cropping seasons. For countries withonecropping season. Another 28countries score 5outofontheinclusive finance index. Another 12countries score 5outofonthewarehouse receipts index. In another24countries italso costs $0to obtainmandatory, agriculture-specific documents required to export. In another20countries italsotakes 0hours to obtainmandatory, agriculture-specific documents required to export. Another 21countries score 5outofonthequalityphytosanitary regulation index. Another 29countries score 6outofonthequalityveterinary medicinalproducts index. Another 28countries score 5outofonthequalitymanufactured feed index. In another27 countries italsotakes oneday to register atractor. Another 19countries score 6outofonthequalityfertilizer regulation index. In another22countries itcosts 0%ofincome percapitato register anewfertilizer product. European Commission catalogue. recorded as0days for countries withintheEuropean Union,where noadditional registration isneeded for products that are already registered inthe

database.

Austria; Belgium;Switzerland Armenia; China;Croatia Uruguay Denmark; Germany; Spain Republic Russian Federation Georgia France REGULATORY PERFORMANCE COUNTRY ESTABLISHING BEST Greece; Poland; Lithuania Côte d’Ivoire; Ethiopia;India Chile; Netherlands;Peru Germany; Portugal; Romania Canada; Italy;United Kingdom Chile; Colombia; Ukraine States New Zealand; Sweden; United Ireland; Turkey; Vietnam Brazil; China;Japan;Mexico; Norway Morocco;Finland; SouthAfrica Brazil; Kenya; Zambia

m a ; Myanmar a ; Kazakhstan b ; SriLanka

Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture

b

a b ; Dominican a ; Nepal

i l n r e q p a j ; o k Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture 6 0.0 11 9 0.0 236 PERFORMANCE REGULATORY BEST 5 5 7 0 0 5 6 5 0.0 1 10

g a a ; 0.0 ; 147 sample.

b b

0 539.1 886 1 48.3 932 PERFORMANCE REGULATORY WORST 1 0 2 195 144 0 0 0 0.3 19 0 f f f f f f f f f h h h h c h ; 822 c h ; 794.6 sample. d sample. d

between 2016 and 2018 Business ofAgriculture Summaries of 04 Enabling the Enabling the Reforms 41 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 ✔ A reform that enables farmers to do business in agriculture ✖ A change that makes it more difficult for farmers to do business in agriculture

ARMENIA ✔ Registering fertilizer Armenia increased access to high-quality fertilizers by streamlining fertilizer registration for imported fertilizer products. ✔ Securing water Armenia introduced a set schedule for periodically updating its water plans to ensure they remain up-to- date with current realities. ✔ Protecting plant health Armenia made pest management easier by publishing comprehensive information on plant pests and diseases on the State Service for Food Safety website.

BANGLADESH ✔ Supplying seed Bangladesh enacted a new seed act that provides tools to improve the country’s capacity to certify seed by allowing the government to delegate seed certification activities to third parties including to the private sector. ✔ Trading food Bangladesh made it easier to trade agricultural products by publishing the official fee schedule of phytosanitary certificates both online and in the legislation.

BENIN ✔ Registering fertilizer Benin improved fertilizer quality control by legally requiring all fertilizer containers to be labeled in the country’s official language.

BRAZIL

REFORMS BETWEEN 2016 AND 2018 AND 2016 BETWEEN REFORMS ✔ Protecting plant health Brazil improved its plant protection systems by introducing risk-based phytosanitary import inspections in the law.

BURKINA FASO ✔ Sustaining livestock Burkina Faso increased safety controls for feed manufacturing by requiring the approval and inspection of manufacturing facilities prior to the start of operations. ✔ Protecting plant health Burkina Faso strengthened its plant protection by introducing a new law that obligates land owners and users to report pest outbreaks. ENABLING THE BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE OF BUSINESS THE ENABLING BURUNDI ✔ Supplying seed Burundi improved the access to information on varietal availability by introducing an official variety SUMMARIES OF OF SUMMARIES catalogue that lists varieties registered in the country. ✔ Protecting plant health Burundi improved its phytosanitary legislation by introducing a new law that requires citizens to report pest outbreaks, designates a specific agency to conduct pest risk analyses and allows risk-based 42 phytosanitary import inspections. ✔ Accessing finance Burundi enacted laws on agent banking and electronic money. It improved access to finance by allowing non-bank financial institutions to issue e-money. ✔ GREECE ✔ GHANA ✔ ✔ ✔ GEORGIA ✔ DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ✔ DENMARK ✔ CÔTE D’IVOIRE ✔ COLOMBIA ✔ CHILE ✔ GUATEMALA

diseases ontheInstituto Colombiano Agropecuario website. Protecting planthealth be accompanied by labellinginformation. Sustaining livestock management processes. Securing water outbreaks andimposingpenaltiesassociated withnon-compliance. Protecting planthealth making itavailable ontheInternational PlantProtection Convention (IPPC) website. Protecting planthealth ofelectronicthe ring-fencing money ofthefunds customers. Accessing finance outbreaks. Protecting planthealth informationspecific onmarketed feed labels. ofoperations.the start Feed manufacturers are now required to maintainmonitoring records andinclude Sustaining livestock for phytosanitary certificates. Trading food outbreaks and imposingpenaltiesassociated withnon-compliance. Protecting planthealth phytosanitary certificates. Trading food Greece improved itsphytosanitary legislation by introducing legal obligationsfor citizensto reportpest Ghana improved itsplantprotection regulation by introducing alistofregulated quarantine pestsand Georgia introduced alaw onagent banking.Georgiaalsoimproved access to financeby legally requiring Georgia improved itsphytosanitary legislation by introducing penaltiesfor thefailure to reportpest Georgia enhanced safety controls for feed manufacturingfacilities,whichnow mustbeapproved priorto The DominicanRepublic made iteasierto trade agricultural products by introducing anonlineapplication Denmark improved itsphytosanitary legislation by introducing legal obligationsfor citizensto reportpest Côte d’Ivoire made iteasierto trade agricultural products by introducing anonlineapplicationfor Colombia made pestmanagement easierby publishingcomprehensive information onplantpestsand Chile increased the quality control ofmanufactured feed by requiring thatallunpacked feed sold inbulk Guatemala enacted anewregulation to require theinvolvement ofwater users inwater resources 43 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 HAITI ✔ Supplying seed Haiti improved the access to information on varietal availability by introducing an official variety catalogue that lists the varieties available in the country.

HONDURAS ✔ Supplying seed Honduras strengthened the public sector’s capacity to implement seed certification by allowing the accreditation of third parties for the performance of certification activities.

INDIA ✖ Registering machinery India made tractor registration less affordable for farmers by considerably increasing the official tractor registration fees in 2016.

KAZAKHSTAN ✔ Accessing finance Kazakhstan improved access to credit by legally recognizing warehouse receipts in electronic form.

KENYA ✔ Supplying seed Kenya improved its seed sector by enacting a reform that facilitates the regional circulation of registered seed and private sector support of the public sector’s certification capacity. ✔ Securing water Kenya’s new water law requires that water resources plans must be updated on a set schedule. ✔ Sustaining livestock Kenya increased access to information by publishing a list of officially registered veterinary medicinal products on the website of the relevant regulatory authority.

REFORMS BETWEEN 2016 AND 2018 AND 2016 BETWEEN REFORMS KOREA, REP. ✔ Securing water Korea required that gender balance must be considered when appointing members of the national and local water resources management committees. ✔ Protecting plant health Korea improved its phytosanitary legislation by introducing legal obligations for citizens to report pest outbreaks and by imposing penalties associated with non-compliance.

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC ✔ Registering machinery The Kyrgyz Republic made tractor registration more affordable for farmers by lowering registration costs. ENABLING THE BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE OF BUSINESS THE ENABLING

LAO PDR ✔ Securing water Lao PDR’s new water law provides a more comprehensive basis for making water information publicly SUMMARIES OF OF SUMMARIES available and involving water users in water management. ✔ Accessing finance Lao PDR improved access to finance by allowing non-bank financial institutions to issue electronic money.

44 LIBERIA ✔ Accessing finance Liberia improved access to finance by introducing laws on agent banking. PAKISTAN ✔ ✔ NIGERIA ✔ NIGER ✔ NEPAL ✔ MOZAMBIQUE ✔ MOROCCO ✔ MEXICO ✔ ✔ MALAWI ✔ MALAYSIA ✔

rights and obligations of all parties involvedrights andobligationsofallparties in warehouse receipt operations. Accessing finance to anincrease inthevolume ofapplications,resulting inareduction ofthetimeto release anewvariety. Supplying seed regulation for warehouse receipts. Accessing finance certificates bothonlineandinthelegislation. Trading food ofoperations,the start andby requiring thatmonitoring records bekept. Sustaining livestock feean official schedule for activitiesperformed certification by theseedauthority. Supplying seed diseases ontheRegional PlantProtection Laboratory website. Protecting planthealth that consists of anapplicationandNationalCommittee approval. Registering fertilizer on water resources to bemade publiclyavailable. Securing water e-money issuers. Accessing finance use applicationsmustbepublicized. Securing water Nigeria made it easier to trade agricultural products by fee publishing the official schedule of phytosanitary Nigeria made itslivestock manufacturingprocesses safer by requiring facilitiesto beapproved priorto Niger improved thetransparency ofcosts associated withitsseedqualityassurance system by introducing Nepal made pest management easierby publishingcomprehensive information onplantpestsand Mozambique increased access to high-qualityfertilizers by implementing afertilizerregistration process Morocco made water resources management more transparent for water users by requiring information Mexico enacted its first law onelectronic money whichincludes licensing requirements for non-bank Malawi improved clarityinitspublicnotice procedures thatnewmajorwater by settingarequired length Malawi enhanced confidence inwarehouse receipt by adopting financing aregulation establishingthe Malaysia’s technical committee incharge ofseedregistration isnow meetingmore frequently inresponse Pakistan created for opportunities agribusinessesby newfinancing establishingacomprehensive

45 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 PERU ✔ Trading food Peru made it easier to trade agricultural products by introducing an ePhyto system.

PHILIPPINES ✔ Accessing finance The Philippines improved access to finance by introducing laws on agent banking.

RWANDA ✔ Protecting plant health Rwanda improved its phytosanitary legislation by designating a specific agency to conduct pest risk analysis. ✔ Trading food Rwanda made it easier to trade agricultural products by introducing an online application for phytosanitary certificates.

SERBIA ✔ Registering fertilizer Serbia introduced a ceiling of maximum allowable content of heavy metals in fertilizers used in the country.

SIERRA LEONE ✔ Supplying seed Sierra Leone strengthened its seed sector by enacting a seed law that establishes a registration process and includes a quality assurance system. ✔ Securing water Sierra Leone’s newly enacted water law requires the public availability of water information and the involvement of water users (including women) in water management. ✔ Sustaining livestock REFORMS BETWEEN 2016 AND 2018 AND 2016 BETWEEN REFORMS Sierra Leone now regulates its feed manufacturing sector by approving manufacturing facilities, conducting inspections of the facilities, and ensuring manufacturers keep monitoring records.

SRI LANKA ✔ Protecting plant health Sri Lanka improved its plant protection regulation by uploading the list of regulated quarantine pests on the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) website. ✔ Accessing finance Sri Lanka improved access to finance by enacting legislation on agent banking.

TAJIKISTAN ENABLING THE BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE OF BUSINESS THE ENABLING ✖ Trading food Tajikistan made it more difficult to trade agricultural products by no longer publishing the official fee schedule of phytosanitary certificates on the government website.

SUMMARIES OF OF SUMMARIES TANZANIA ✔ Supplying seed The Seed (Amendment) regulations, enacted in Tanzania in 2017, improved variety registration by introducing practices that favor the regional circulation of registered varieties. 46 ✔ Registering fertilizer Tanzania made it easier to access high-quality fertilizers by removing the time limit on fertilizer registration. ✔ VIETNAM ✔ URUGUAY ✔ UKRAINE ✔ ✔ UGANDA ✔ TURKEY ✔ THAILAND

certificate and publishing the official feecertificate andpublishingtheofficial schedule ofphytosanitary certificatesonline. Turkey made iteasierto trade agricultural products by introducing anonlineapplicationfor aphytosanitary Trading food ofAgriculturaldiseases ontheDepartment Extension website. Protecting planthealth approvals for manufacturingfacilitiespriorto oftheiroperations. thestart Sustaining livestock by introducing aninstrumentto regulate theiraccess. Supplying seed diseases ontheState Service ofUkraine onFood Safety andConsumer Protection website. Protecting planthealth Accessing finance certificates online. Trading food Vietnam increased safety controls for feed manufacturingby requiring risk-based inspectionsand Uruguay improved thelegal certainty andtransparency for bothproviders andusers ofgenetic resources Ukraine made pestmanagement easierby publishingcomprehensive information ondifferent pestsand Uganda improved access to finance by introducing agent banking. Uganda made iteasierto trade agricultural products byfee schedule publishingtheofficial ofphytosanitary Thailand made pestmanagement easierby publishingcomprehensive information onplantpestsand 47 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019

05

Country Tables 50 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

AFGHANISTAN Low income South Asia No practice No practice No practice No practice 40.00 20.00 30.00 20.00 70.00 70.20 71.61 18.52 14.81 31.52 27.05 73.47 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 69.1 31 50 12 0 0 0 5 3 3 24 2 2 2 2 ANGOLA income Lower middle Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice No practice No practice 0.00 89.69 N/A N/A 0 0 0 4 4 3 7 1 1 ARGENTINA High income & Caribbean Latin America 80.00 60.00 60.00 83.02 76.00 78.69 83.27 73.33 23.7 12.2 120 351 48 1.1 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 7 7

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

ARMENIA income Upper middle & Central Asia Europe

80.00 60.00 20.00 90.00 60.92 93.90 99.84 82.61 80.16 86.51 61.67 67.41 82.73 16.2 587 0.0 0.3 30 24 0 0 8 6 4 5 3 3 3 2 2 AUSTRALIA High income OECD High income: Not scored Not scored Not scored Not scored Not scored Not scored Not scored Not scored 80.00 100.00 60.00 100.00 0.1 47 8 6 6 4 4 5 3 1 1 AUSTRIA High income OECD High income: 100.00 80.00 90.48 70.00 99.28 89.57 76.82 552 0.0 0.4 6.3 0 0 0 8 8 6 6 5 5 5 5 2 1

51 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 52 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

BANGLADESH income Lower middle South Asia No practice No practice 60.00 50.00 60.00 100.00 20.00 80.00 49.86 99.87 43.66 95.24 44.47 87.68 56.67 100.00 18.52 76.32 47.08 100.00 47.3 945 150 6.2 15 51 4 4 5 3 3 3 3 2 2 BELGIUM High income OECD High income: 552 0.0 7.0 0.1 0 0 63 0 40 0 8 8 6 6 6 5 5 5 1 BENIN Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice 30.00 20.00 65.00 70.00 32.86 70.45 0.00 0.00 7.41 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 4 5 3 3 2 7 1

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

BOLIVIA income Lower middle & Caribbean Latin America 80.00 50.00 40.00 80.00 50.00 65.00 80.00 92.05 58.75 71.82 70.13 85.71 67.27 18.52 5.56 88.10 44.4 N/A N/A 547 48 54 3.1

6 4 4 4 5 5 3 2 2 1 HERZEGOVINA BOSNIA AND income Upper middle & Central Asia Europe No practice No practice

90.00 100.00 82.22 100.00 0.4 0.4 31 0 125 0 24 6 4 9 4 4 5 3 3 2 7 BRAZIL income Upper middle & Caribbean Latin America 80.00 70.00 30.30 58.79 75.25 91.67 71.26 699.3 528 576 0.0 3.4 3.5 10 4 5 3 5 5 3 7 1

53 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 54 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

BURKINA FASO Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice 60.00 40.00 30.00 40.00 30.00 70.00 65.80 51.01 35.00 0.00 35.30 35.76 41.22 55.47 14.81 18.52 5.56 11.11 N/A N/A 5.3 1.5 48 30 52 0 6 4 4 3 3 1 1 BURUNDI Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice No practice No practice 25.1 119 3.5 14 218 0 0 0 4 4 3 5 2 2 CAMBODIA income Lower middle & Pacific East Asia No practice No practice 40.00 50.00 20.00 35.95 66.76 19.05 56.67 31.41 3.70 19.0 91.4 144 152 14 0 4 4 5 2 2 2 2 1

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

CAMEROON income Lower middle Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice No practice No practice 40.00 100.00 30.00 80.00 45.00 71.67 10.00 100.00 32.94 90.48 22.29 86.50 14.81 69.23 0.00 99.95 5.56 80.70 N/A N/A 329 84 0 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 CANADA High income OECD High income: 602 225 0.0 0.6 8.5 0 70 0 8 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 7 1 CHILE High income OECD High income: 100.00 80.00 50.00 65.00 58.66 90.63 85.26 66.19 0.00 N/A N/A 698 11.8 0.5 12 0 6 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 7

55 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 56 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

CHINA income Upper middle & Pacific East Asia

80.00 73.33 80.00 90.00 60.00 90.00 60.00 100.00 40.65 59.03 65.48 62.85 70.29 81.53 79.02 81.55 97.16 95.51 267.1 1575 108 270 0.0 0.0 0 85 8 6 4 5 5 3 3 3 3 2 COLOMBIA income Upper middle & Caribbean Latin America 100.6 591 1.0 7.9 36 168 45 4 4 4 9 4 5 5 5 3 2

REP. CONGO, DEM. Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice 40.00 40.00 50.00 44.32 33.33 29.81 0.00 27.11 3.70 69.4 N/A N/A 120 0 0 0 4 4 5 3 3 2 1

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

CÔTE D’IVOIRE income Lower middle Africa Sub-Saharan 80.00 90.00 20.00 100.00 20.00 80.00 94.58 99.23 35.00 100.00 42.30 90.48 69.55 81.71 45.87 92.68 112.5 5.56 100.00 N/A N/A 368 168 1.6 59 4 5 5 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 CROATIA High income & Central Asia Europe

552 0.0 4.6 0.5 0 0 0 8 6 6 4 9 5 5 5 5 1 REPUBLIC CZECH High income OECD High income: 100.00 100.00 100.00 80.00 90.00 95.24 92.32 99.71 73.61 11.0 552 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 8 8 6 6 6 4 5 5 5 1

57 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 58 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

DENMARK High income OECD High income: 100.00 100.00 40.00 100.00 55.00 50.00 80.00 86.03 50.00 70.00 20.00 99.83 61.85 95.24 78.08 73.16 59.50 690 0.0 7.4 0.1 0 0 0 24 0 6 6 6 9 5 5 5 7 1 REPUBLIC DOMINICAN income Upper middle & Caribbean Latin America 5.56 59.76 N/A N/A 0.0 517 0.7 40 14 4 4 5 3 3 3 2 2 1

REP. EGYPT, ARAB income Lower middle Africa& North Middle East 50.00 20.00 66.98 25.00 47.06 57.09 97.62 0.00 137.4 14.7 599 314

1.4 36 33 0 0 4 3 5 3 1 1 1 1

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

ETHIOPIA Low income Africa Sub-Saharan 80.00 50.00 30.00 90.00 56.03 90.48 94.93 99.95 46.67 100.00 55.77 62.95 46.12 86.67 0.00 100.00 5.56 100.00 55.9 N/A N/A 620 110 1.3 47 0 4 4 5 3 3 3 2 2 1 FINLAND High income OECD High income: 24.3 660 0.0 0.0 0 0 36 0 0 6 6 9 9 5 5 5 5 1 FRANCE High income OECD High income: 100.00 100.00 100.00 90.00 90.00 85.69 99.64 84.25 93.70 236 12.1 0.0 0.2 0 6 6 6 4 9 5 5 5 7 7 1

59 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 60 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

GEORGIA income Lower middle & Central Asia Europe

80.00 60.00 90.00 20.00 90.00 98.94 99.82 55.00 100.00 45.98 100.00 63.53 89.14 75.95 95.24 72.37 58.09 71.2 730 581 0.0 0.6 48 20 6 4 5 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 GERMANY High income OECD High income: 13.4 919 0.0 0.1 0 0 167 0 44 6 6 6 4 9 4 9 5 5 1 GHANA income Lower middle Africa Sub-Saharan 40.00 60.00 50.00 50.49 55.00 82.29 1012.7 42.22 52.71 21.72 269.8 231 757 7.2 0 4 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 2

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

GREECE High income OECD High income: 100.00 79.38 100.00 50.00 100.00 55.00 60.00 30.00 90.00 70.00 92.80 74.12 70.49 85.03 95.24 77.38 88.57 65.11 729 0.0 8.6 0.1 0 0 24 0 6 6 6 6 4 4 9 5 5 5 GUATEMALA income Upper middle & Caribbean Latin America 300 113 0.2 0.2 2.5 10 16 1.1 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 7

GUINEA Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice 40.00 50.00 20.00 65.48 33.59 81.23 0.00 8.33 3.70 N/A N/A 1.0 50 30 0 0 0 4 5 3 7 1 1 1

61 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 62 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

HAITI Low income & Caribbean Latin America No practice No practice 20.00 70.00 20.00 60.00 38.64 0.00 73.76 30.95 19.51 49.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.70 18.52 32.8 N/A N/A 20 15

0 0 0 0 0 5 3 2 2 1 HONDURAS income Lower middle & Caribbean Latin America No practice No practice 80.00 100.00 55.00 100.00 78.59 100.00 N/A N/A 285 120 9.6 72 6 4 4 3 3 5 3 3 3

HUNGARY High income OECD High income: 80.00 90.00 95.24 69.74 99.14 91.77 16.6 552 0.0 0.5 0 0 0 8 8 6 6 6 4 5 5 5 1

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

INDIA income Lower middle South Asia 80.00 20.00 60.00 20.00 78.98 22.46 62.23 22.62 53.33 74.58 55.39 57.81 73.16 14.81 80.5 14.0 804 397 2.4 48 28 6 4 4 5 5 3 3 2 2 7 IRAQ income Upper middle Africa& North Middle East No practice No practice 20.00 100.00 48.33 100.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 80.00 16.6 N/A N/A 100 105

16 0 0 0 4 4 2 2 1 1 IRELAND High income OECD High income: 50.00 90.48 99.34 66.31 85.77 951 0.0 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0 8 6 6 9 5 5 5 5 1

63 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 64 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) ) )

ITALY High income OECD High income: 100.00 88.09 100.00 80.00 80.00 60.00 90.00 80.00 90.48 89.68 74.09 73.93 85.21 100.00 87.47 83.96 624 0.0 0.4 5.3 0 0 24 0 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 5 5 5 JAPAN High income OECD High income: 454 0.0 1.2 1.2 30 0 70 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 5 1 JORDAN income Upper middle Africa& North Middle East 80.00 20.00 60.05 10.00 50.23 60.47 26.67 76.42 68.19 68.6 24.0 514

1.0 45 24 0 4 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 1

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) )

KAZAKHSTAN income Upper middle & Central Asia Europe

60.00 40.00 60.00 40.00 60.00 100.00 68.94 79.47 66.39 86.02 68.01 64.80 75.00 81.67 74.40 85.69 79.32 10.0 246 108 730 0.0 0.0 23 10 6 6 4 5 5 3 3 7 1 KENYA income Lower middle Africa Sub-Saharan 106.8 5.56 70.40 N/A N/A 322 1.8 20 10 0 4 4 5 5 84 5 5 2 7 1 KOREA, REP. High income OECD High income: 80.00 80.00 60.00 65.09 72.83 81.67 75.79 0.00 23.0 N/A N/A 459 601 3.3 0 8 6 4 4 4 4 5 2 7

65 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 66 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) )

REPUBLIC KYRGYZ income Lower middle & Central Asia Europe

80.00 40.00 80.00 60.00 90.00 30.00 55.00 20.00 93.86 88.21 74.60 16.67 83.72 38.19 22.22 3.70 72.43 37.10 183.5 17.9 970 357 0.3 24 6 9 4 4 5 5 3 3 3 3 7 LAO PDR income Lower middle & Pacific East Asia No practice No practice No practice No practice

148 0.3 96 0 0 4 4 5 3 3 3 2 1 LIBERIA Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice 40.00 38.64 28.67 16.42 16.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.4 7.41 N/A N/A 144 83 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 2 2 2

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

LITHUANIA High income OECD High income: 100.00 0.00 100.00 18.33 90.00 40.00 90.00 40.00 96.89 90.75 68.54 86.34 36.26 70.00 50.00 75.27 43.61 16.4 579 0.0 0.2 4.5 28 85 45 0 8 6 6 4 5 5 5 2 7 MADAGASCAR Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice 7.41 37.92 N/A N/A 5.6 78 0 0 4 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 MALAWI Low income Africa Sub-Saharan 2284.5 80.00 60.00 1536.4 20.00 54.88 49.87 18.33 41.51 11.11 579 913 6.2 96 23 15 6 4 4 3 2 7 1 1 1

67 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 68 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) )

MALAYSIA income Upper middle & Pacific East Asia

60.00 20.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 62.00 22.22 51.68 33.70 81.67 35.00 82.71 77.08 79.07 0.00 73.32 N/A N/A 536 6.2 60 0.1 25 0 0 6 4 4 5 3 3 2 7 MALI Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice 0.00 50.00 113.2 N/A N/A 90 36 18 0 6 5 3 3 3 1 1 1 MEXICO income Upper middle & Caribbean Latin America 60.00 60.00 90.00 84.90 69.46 69.54 59.54 81.67 765 531 0.0 9.0 9.9 30 28 24 6 6 6 4 4 4 5 5 3

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

MOROCCO income Lower middle Africa& North Middle East 100.00 50.00 80.00 60.00 60.00 55.00 8.33 64.02 50.97 62.42 61.48 56.79 66.42 97.94 30.66 0.00 70.82 N/A N/A

593 17.5 1.2 16 72 0 8 5 5 3 3 3 3 2 1 MOZAMBIQUE Low income Africa Sub-Saharan 117.5 11.6 602 181 2.5 7.8 48 20 20 0 6 6 3 3 3 2 1 MYANMAR income Lower middle & Pacific East Asia 30.00 20.00 76.90

67.28 47.62 31.27 0.00 0.00 8.33 N/A N/A 21.0 130 147 6.6 96 65 0 0 0 3 3 3 1 1 1

69 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 70 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

NEPAL Low income South Asia 60.00 100.00 40.00 80.00 30.00 70.00 90.63 99.77 48.97 90.69 18.33 100.00 74.43 100.00 67.23 596.2 11.11 1125 0.0 611 3.9 48 0 4 4 5 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 NETHERLANDS High income OECD High income: 100.00 75.78 12.9 556 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 8 6 6 9 5 5 5 2 7 1 NEW ZEALAND High income OECD High income: Not scored Not scored Not scored Not scored Not scored Not scored Not scored Not scored 100.00 80.00 90.00 90.00 89.30 99.78 76.03 0.1 24 52 6 4 9 5 5 5 3 1

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

NICARAGUA income Lower middle & Caribbean Latin America 80.00 60.00 60.00 20.00 60.60 22.22 70.00 20.00 86.39 78.04 69.92 29.39 46.67 35.00 77.66 77.94 23.6 410 75.1 4.8 48 28 10

8 4 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 2 NIGER Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice 0.00 69.30 0.00 48.80 N/A N/A N/A N/A 24 13 109 0 0 6 6 4 3 2 1 1 NIGERIA income Lower middle Africa Sub-Saharan 40.00 50.00 20.00 63.42 63.33 38.51 49.17 171.6 144 225 367 8.6 5.2 14 0 4 4 4 5 5 3 2 1

71 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 72 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

NORWAY High income OECD High income: 100.00 58.71 100.00 20.00 100.00 33.33 100.00 37.35 80.00 30.00 40.00 70.00 90.48 73.74 66.06 67.80 84.57 48.87 933 0.0 0.0 0.9 0 0 0 0 8 6 6 4 9 5 5 5 1 PAKISTAN income Lower middle South Asia 409 17.6 356 5.9 7.6 60 20 28 0 4 4 4 5 3 3 1 1 PANAMA High income & Caribbean Latin America 80.00 80.00 70.00 93.42 92.55 63.33 74.82 72.91 29.13 49.6 556 0.4 0.5 60 36 15 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 3 3 7

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

PERU income Upper middle & Caribbean Latin America 100.00 80.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 81.40 84.00 75.00 89.32 69.64 61.96 68.03 0.00 0.00 72.97 N/A N/A N/A N/A 19.5 357 30 24 0 4 5 5 5 3 7 7 7 PHILIPPINES income Lower middle & Pacific East Asia 40.00 100.00 65.00 100.00 72.59 100.00

54.0 134 275 0.0 48 8.1 11 6 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 7 1 POLAND High income OECD High income: 90.00 86.00 50.00 96.50 65.78 85.71 699 17.5 0.0 0.4 0 0 0 0 6 6 9 4 9 5 5 5 2

73 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 74 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

PORTUGAL High income OECD High income: 100.00 94.44 100.00 80.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 89.82 85.73 99.59 73.57 73.24 66.85 85.71 80.95 11.5 552 0.0 0.2 4.5 0 0 0 8 6 6 4 9 5 5 3 1 ROMANIA income Upper middle & Central Asia Europe

654 19.1 0.0 0.5 4.5 10 0 192 0 0 6 4 9 9 5 5 5 3 FEDERATION RUSSIAN income Upper middle & Central Asia Europe 80.00 88.00 60.00 90.00 68.54 58.66 70.00 65.91 72.64 74.5 570 716 0.0 0.4 19 6 6 6 4 4 5 5 3 3 7

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

RWANDA Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice 50.00 30.00 30.00 60.00 70.00 30.00 44.72 41.43 43.98 16.67 69.19 60.91 125.0 47.16 87.78 3.70 32.59 730 1.6 1.5 33 47 0 4 4 5 3 2 2 1 1 SENEGAL Low income Africa Sub-Saharan 45.00 100.00 647.8 5.56 93.73 N/A N/A 561 0.5 60 36 0 4 3 3 5 3 3 3 2 1 SERBIA income Upper middle & Central Asia Europe

80.00 60.00 90.00 96.83 81.35 73.24 57.01 20.7 604 4.8 0.2 4.5 48 22 8 6 6 6 4 5 3 5 5 2

75 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 76 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

SIERRA LEONE Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice No practice No practice 30.00 90.00 30.00 100.00 70.00 80.00 18.52 72.47 27.70 91.55 73.11 90.48 0.00 100.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 99.46 N/A N/A 31 11 0 0 0 0 5 3 3 3 7 REPUBLIC SLOVAK High income OECD High income: 610 0.0 8.6 0.3 0 0 0 8 8 6 6 4 5 5 5 5 1 SOUTH AFRICA income Upper middle Africa Sub-Saharan 60.00 90.00 30.00 98.95 69.28 68.73 63.33 61.05 77.23 222 575 0.6 7.4 46 4.1 52 0 8 9 4 3 3 3 3 2 1

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

SPAIN High income OECD High income: 100.00 64.09 100.00 60.00 100.00 46.67 80.00 40.00 90.00 0.00 90.48 25.40 96.52 91.13 76.72 74.02 91.71 50.16 598 0.0 0.4 8.6 0 0 0 6 6 9 9 5 5 5 5 3 2 SRI LANKA income Lower middle South Asia 298 365 233 0.0 3.2 1.9 96 0 0 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 SUDAN income Lower middle Africa Sub-Saharan 40.00 30.00 25.00 30.59 58.41 29.27 50.14 0.00 0.00 616.1 N/A N/A 19.7 654 48 39 0 0 0 0 4 3 3 2 2 7

77 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 78 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

SWEDEN High income OECD High income: 100.00 100.00 90.00 100.00 50.00 80.00 90.48 70.00 60.00 85.33 87.85 99.97 99.81 72.16 82.51 15.9 589 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 6 6 9 5 5 5 5 7 1 SWITZERLAND High income OECD High income: 551 0.0 4.5 3.5 0.1 0 0 0 6 6 6 4 4 9 5 5 1 TAJIKISTAN Low income & Central Asia Europe No practice No practice No practice No practice

40.00 40.00 70.00 48.33 22.22 72.32 41.51 43.19 11.11 182 1.3 36 10 6 4 4 5 3 2 2 2 1

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

TANZANIA Low income Africa Sub-Saharan 80.00 40.00 60.00 90.00 60.00 45.00 65.00 28.39 79.83 30.16 25.40 66.15 99.66 77.47 78.20 809.1 57.15 58.51 16.9 53.2 265 333 578 96 8 6 4 4 5 3 3 3 2 2 THAILAND income Upper middle & Pacific East Asia

0.00 60.00 100 358 195 0.2 6.3 1.8 96 0 6 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 TOGO Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice 30.00 25.00 10.00 63.56 25.42 14.81 0.00 0.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.5 60 21 0 0 0 6 4 3 3 3

79 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 80 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

TUNISIA income Lower middle Africa& North Middle East 40.00 100.00 40.00 50.00 10.00 70.00 78.68 62.21 28.33 100.00 39.52 78.18 74.02 94.53 39.57 61.49 5.56 87.22 N/A N/A

864 17.2 0.2 48 10 0 4 4 4 5 2 2 1 1 1 TURKEY income Upper middle & Central Asia Europe

22.0 646 105 3.0 1.6 50 24 8 6 4 4 5 5 5 5 2 2 UGANDA Low income Africa Sub-Saharan 80.00 40.00 10.00 35.53 75.65 64.18 41.67 70.18 52.15 191.7 64.7 14.5 663 510 48 61 0 8 4 5 5 3 3 2 1 1

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

UKRAINE income Lower middle & Central Asia Europe

100.00 60.00 80.00 65.00 100.00 80.65 99.70 70.00 65.29 90.48 54.93 43.33 100.00 67.40 88.87 453.6 325 16.1 714 1.4 22 72 6 6 4 4 4 5 3 3 3 7 KINGDOM UNITED High income OECD High income: 70.00 100.00 70.78 14.3 641 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 8 6 6 9 5 5 5 5 2 1 UNITED STATES High income OECD High income: Not scored Not scored Not scored Not scored 100.00 80.00 90.00 99.45 66.01 88.76 85.87 106 0.3 0.2 90 48 6 6 9 4 4 5 5 5 1

81 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 82 Country Tables

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) ) )

URUGUAY High income & Caribbean Latin America 60.00 80.00 90.00 40.00 65.00 16.67 70.00 50.00 65.50 41.62 88.31 73.58 43.64 0.00 95.24 77.11 10.9 N/A N/A 305 4.3 48 11

8 6 4 4 9 4 3 3 3 2 UZBEKISTAN income Lower middle & Central Asia Europe No practice No practice

0.00 94.00 7.41 44.57 N/A N/A 144 1.2 96 0 0 4 4 5 3 2 2 2 2 VIETNAM income Lower middle & Pacific East Asia 60.00 40.00 50.00 58.30 69.45 75.00

61.41 350.2 901 3.0 2.5 4.7 35 10 72 15 0 6 4 5 5 3 3 7

Cost to register anewfertilizer product (%ofincome percapita) Time to obtainagriculture-specific Time export documents (hours) Cost to register anewcereal variety(%ofincome percapita) Cost to obtain agriculture-specific export documents (US$)

Qualityofveterinary medicinalproducts index (0-6) Qualityofphytosanitary regulation index (0-5) Cost to register atractor (%ofincome percapita) Protecting planthealth Registering machinery Enabling theBusiness Time to registerTime product anewfertilizer (days) Registering fertilizer Qualityofmanufactured feed index (0-5) Sustaining livestock Time to registerTime anewcereal variety(days) Accessing finance Quality offertilizerregulation index (0-6) Supplying seed Securing water Quality ofseedregulation index (0-9) of Agriculture Trading food Time to registerTime atractor (days) Warehouse receipts index (0-5 Inclusive finance index (0-5 Securing water index (0-10) Trading food index (0-7)

INCOME GROUP SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE COUNTRY

(0-100) REGION

(0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) (0-100) ) )

ZAMBIA income Lower middle Africa Sub-Saharan 100.00 70.00 90.00 80.00 30.00 20.00 58.94 5.56 46.32 44.32 56.67 46.67 63.73 48.36 76.76 60.92 51.16 59.44 182.1 86.5 544 180 210 6.7 1.5 35 10 16 4 4 9 5 5 2 2 ZIMBABWE Low income Africa Sub-Saharan No practice No practice 39.9 36.7 607 92 25 5 3 5 3 3 3 2 7 1 1 83 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND EXPERTS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

84 and Experts Acknowledgments 85 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 86 Acknowledgments Modamba, Ramon Ernesto AriasMoncada, AimeeMpambara, Valens Mwumvaneza, JuliaNavarro, Koshmatov, Jianwen Liu,OmarLyasse, MariamaAltine Mahamane,Mohamed Medouar, EmmaIsinika Augusto Garcia,Fissha, Andreas Groetschel, Artavazd Hakobyan, Johannes Georges PiusJansen,Talaibek Botha, Edward WilliamBresnyan, Myriam Chaudron, Winston Dawes, LuzDiaz, GiuseppeFantozzi, Azeb data collection: Fatma Aglan, Mustafa Alver, MampiononaAmboarasoa, AnicetoBila,Blessings Timoteo Francisco Obereque. In addition, the following colleagues provided for variousother support in-country and validate the data: Erick Herman Abiassi, Amanullah Alamzai, Arusyak Alaverdyan, Ali Annon, and like to acknowledge the work of the country office colleagues who helped distribute questionnaires offices andthoseworking inseveral key areas thatthereportinvestigated. Theteam would especially by colleagues across theWorld BankGroup, thoseintheWorld inparticular BankGroup country Nowak, andSarah for thevaluable A.Simons.Theteamcomments isalsothankful andreviews provided Chisako Fukuda,Kadir Osman Gyasi,Holger A.Kray, HansPeter Lankes, Andrew D. Mason,Dorota Agata drafts. The team received additional written comments from Flore de Martinant Preneuf, Marianne Fay, The team is grateful to Franck Klaus Deninger, Berthe, and Steven Jaffee for their feedback on the report Thompson, JiaruiWang, andHongYang assisted inthemonthsbefore publication. Maha Malik,Milos Milosavljevic, Marie-Pascale Adjoua Nzi,Odette Rouvet, DwitipriyaSanyal, Zindzi Coffin, Arturo Cortes, Atilla Dilmen,NicholasHirschfeld, Zoha Irfan,MinoriIto, Yan Li,Ronak Maheshwari, Boucher, Chenyang Cao, Zezhou Cai,Tamriko Chelesvahli, Kevan Christensen, Wan-Chen Chung,SeanLee Gachina. Oleksiy Anokhin, Ogma Dessirama Bale, Sylvie Kabaziga Bishweka, Damien Matthias Valentin data collection onthetrading food indicator. Theteam wasassisted by Paulina MaribelFlewitt andRose Mendes DosSantos, RongpengNuno Filipe Yang, andInesZabalbeitia Mugica—for theirassistance with to members oftheDoingBusinessteam—IrynaLagodna,is thankful MarilyneFlorence Mafoboue Youbi, Yasmin Zand, QiaoZhang,Yucheng Zouaidi. Zheng,QunruiZhou,MuchenZhu, andMarwane Theteam Seffar Benomar, Virat Singh,SophiaSunderji, Aliaksandra Tyhrytskaya, AhmedYounes, CihangYuan, Vallejos, Mariyam Raziyeva, Ruiz-Cantu, Martin Mariana Sans, Sara Savastano, Kurt Aleks Schaefer, Rim Esperanza Pastor Núñezde Castro, Greta Polo, Severine Ouedraogo, Nina Paustian, Patricia Quijano Jeremy Marand, RumbidzaiMaweni, Matteo Mazzoni,MariyaMyroshnychenko, Kristina Nedelkova, Lanci, Leiwen Lin,Jean-PhilippeLodugnon-Harding, Wisambi Loundu, Mingqi Maldonado, Liu,Martin Kallon, Konstantina Katsouli, Marina Kayumova, Alona Kazantseva, SanaKhan,MaksatKorooluev, Loïc Gallard-Agusti, BillGarthwaite, Graham Hamley, AminaNaomiIdris,New-DoeKaledzi, EdnaMassay Chen, Dariga Chukmaitova, SohaEshraghi, PilarFernández, IsabelaFranco Emerick,Felix Frewer, Arnau Jennifer Federico Bryan, Cardenas Chacon, Vanessa MariaCervello Ferrando, Cesar Chaparro Yedro, Rong Alemayehu, NishaArekapudi, MariaBalcazar Tellez, Valeria BalzaPineda,Daniela Behr, JuliaBraunmiller, Team members included Abdou, Marwa GabrielEduardo Aguirre Martens, Maereg Tewoldebirhan ofRaiansupport Divanbeigi,Valentina Saltane,andTea Trumbic. specialists andcountryteams across anumberofclientcountries. Theproject wasmanaged withthe and operational useofthe Agriculture), under theoversight ofLouiseScura (Practice Manager, Agriculture), led thepolicydialogue Youssefi (Program Coordinator, Agriculture) andSamjhanaThapa(SeniorAgricultural Economist, direction ofRitaRamalho (Senior Manager, Global Indicators Group, Development Economics). Farbod by Sarah Iqbal(Program Manager, Indicator Development, Development Economics), under thegeneral Data collection andanalysisfor Acknowledgments FAO’s for support datacollection inIraq isgreatly appreciated. Adama Toure,Hadj Rémi Trier, Karishma Wasti, EliWeiss, BobojonYatimov andSergiy Zorya.Externally, Kateryna Schroeder, Manievel Sene,Bekzod Shamsiev, Jeanette Sutherland,Leya Malaika Gisele Tabu, El Manivannan Pathy, Caroline Planté, Robertson, MariaTheresa Quinones,MuhammadRiaz,Timothy Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Enabling the Business of Agriculture indicators, working withagriculture were conducted by ateam lead questionnaires intheirvariousoffices around theworld. published global contributors represent and/or firms organizationsthathave completed multiple The namesoflocal partners wishingto beacknowledged individuallyare listed inthereport.The Contact details for local partners are available at:http://eba.worldbank.org. actively engaged inthe policy, legal andregulatory requirements in the101 countries covered this year. sector representatives, farmers’ organizations,academics, government andotherprofessionals officials a network ofmorelocalthan 4,000 partners, includinglegal privatebusiness associations, experts, The Malaysia. Research andDevelopment Center inChile andtheWorld BankGlobal Knowledge andResearch Hubin of datacollection for the Development (USAID). Theteam isgratefulto theChilean andMalaysian governments for theirsupport forthe Department International Development (DFID),andtheUnited States Agency for International makes andsupport thisreport possible, namely:theBill&Melinda Gates Foundation,whose funding The Christiane Wolff. Jerome Bandry, Rodrigo Gouveia, JudithHermanson,Ivo Hostens, Katrin Kuhlmann, Fran McCrae, and including Florentin Blanc,Lars Grava, andAnkurHuria,from outside theorganization,including The team alsobenefitedfrom comments anddiscussionswithexpertsfrom inside theWorld BankGroup, Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture Enabling theBusinessofAgriculture studywasmade possible by thegenerous contributions from program wasdeveloped inpartnership withseveral donors studyconducted attheWorld Bank 87 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 EXPERTS

88 Ministry ofInformationMinistry Sayed Yahya Akhlaqi at Omaha University ofNebraska Sher JanAhmadzai ofFinanceMinistry Da Afghanistan Bank AFGHANISTAN Zoetis White &CaseLLP VIRBAC Syngenta One Acre Fund Bayer Animal Health Merck AnimalHealth/MSD Limagrain John Deere Alliance International Cooperative Global Water Partnership (GWP) Elanco AnimalHealth Ceva Santé Animale Association Agricultural Industry Machinery CEMA aisbl-European Cargill Health Boehringer IngelheimAnimal Bayer AnimalHealth Axiata Group Berhad AnimalhealthEurope CONTRIBUTORS GLOBAL Experts and Livestock ofAgriculture,Ministry Irrigation Tawheed Ali Azeemi and Culture

Schroeder Law Offices, PC Laura Schroeder Hamid Salari ICARDA Afghanistan Yashpal Saharawat RIAA Barker Gillette Ahsan Zahir Rizvi Aviation ofTransportMinistry andCivil Mohammad SameemRaheemi Agriculture (ICBA) International Center for Biosaline QureshiAsad Sarwar and Livestock ofAgriculture,Ministry Irrigation Mohammad Kaneshka Pakzad Kabul University Wali MohammadNaseh and Livestock ofAgriculture,Ministry Irrigation Mahboobullah Nang Shabeer Moqadasian Protection Agency National Environmental Ghulam MohdMalikyar and Livestock ofAgriculture,Ministry Irrigation Najib Malik Directorate Plant Protection andQuarantine Zabihullah Khurrami and Livestock ofAgriculture,Ministry Irrigation Qasim Karamkhail Kabul University Miraqa Hussainkhail Linfield College Elizabeth Hessami and Livestock ofAgriculture,Ministry Irrigation Hamdullah Hamdard (AIB) Afghanistan International Bank Asadullah Fayzi Development (DFID) Department for International Oxford Policy Management/UK Ahmad Faisal Basiri ANGOLA Legal Oracles Sana Waheed Kanda Fruit Mohammad KhalidTayeb Gerry’s Ltd. dnata Pvt. Haris SyedRaza Afghanistan (ARIA) Agriculture Research Institute of Qudratullah Soofizada Company Icon Trading andForwarding Aali ShanAhmed ALC Advogados Catarina Osório Levy FBL Advogados Igor Fortes Gabriel FBL Advogados Arnold Ferreira FAMS Transitários Lda Alwin Leon Das Serviço NacionaldeSementes Maria Francisca DaCosta Abreu Advogados Afonso Cuco AVM Advogados Maria InêsCosta Abreu Advogados Tiago Corrêa doAmaral Cimertex Sergio Carvalho Angopri Lda Augusto Braga CBAM Advogados Correia Bartolomeu INACOM Leonel Augusto Jardins daYoba Paulo Amaral SRS Advogados Mafalda Aguiar Transmix CFA FirmadeAdvogados Maria Nascimento Linking Partners Tiago Matos Fernandes Agronómica Instituto deInvestigação Bassimba Dissoluquele DanielManuel CBAM Advogados Jorge Manuel Fernando Maia CBAM Advogados Arlete Amaral Maia FBL Advogados Paulette Lopes Abreu Advogados António Vidal ALC Advogados Renata Valenti Jose Alexandre Silva Confiança Seguros Angola Celma Silva Serviço NacionaldeSementes Augusto Silva Olicargo AngolaSA Dinamukueno Lukie Sérgio Jardins daYoba Joao Saraiva Transitex Angola André MiguelPitéu ALC Advogados José Luís Pinto deMesquita CBAM Advogados Liliana Pinto UNICARGAS Joaquim Piedade AVM Advogados Ana Pedro deCastro SRS Advogados Octavio Castelo Paulo ADCA AdvogadosAngola Catarina Neto Fernandes Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and 89 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 90 Experts de Transporte Cargas yLogística delMinisterio Planificación de Transporte de Dirección Nacional de Ariel Filadoro Latinoamérica Programa Feed &Food Seguro Flavia Ferreira deCastro Monsanto Argentina Natalia Fernandez Eraso (SENASA) y CalidadAgroalimentaria NacionaldeSanidad Servicio Alejandro Fernandez Universidad NacionaldeRosario Roberto Falcón Universidad Católica deCórdoba Natalia CelinaConforti Allende &Brea Pedro Echavarría Coll Health Boehringer IngelheimAnimal Ana LiaCassano Técnicas (CONICET) Investigaciones Científicas y Consejo Nacionalde Valeria Bizarro M. &Bomchil Paula Beveraggi HM.Clause Argentina Julio Victor Bascunan de Córdoba PúblicosServicios delaProvincia Ministerio deAgua,Ambiente y Romina NoeliaBarale (CIAFA) de Fertilizantes yAgroquímicos Cámara delaIndustriaArgentina Andrés Arakelian Grupo Sistemas Carlos Antagli (CIAFA) de Fertilizantes yAgroquímicos Cámara delaIndustriaArgentina Armando Allinghi Estudio Beccar Varela Tomas Allende ARGENTINA Allende &Brea Raúl Fratantoni Técnicas (CONICET) Investigaciones Científicas y Consejo Nacionalde María Laura Foradori de Transporte Cargas yLogística delMinisterio Planificación de Transporte de Dirección Nacionalde Jorge Sánchez del Ambiente Instituto Correntino delAguay Mario RubénRujana Universidad Católica deCórdoba Agustín Roth Córdoba Universidad Nacionalde Santiago Reyna Allende &Brea Martín Prieto Carmen Polo Estudio Beccar Varela Evangelina Petrizza Ecodes Ingenieria Carla Pascale Justicia Córdoba María InésOrtizdeGallardo Clippers SA Jorge Miranda Damco Walter Minetti (SENASA) y CalidadAgroalimentaria NacionaldeSanidad Servicio Roberto Minetti Lombardi Bruchou, Fernández, Madero & Lucia Mendiberri Limagrain France Ignacio Martinez Comahue Universidad Nacionaldel Juan Bautista Justo Universidad Católica deCórdoba Marta Juliá HM.Clause Argentina Graciela Huarte Hoz Benites, Arntsen&Martínezde PAGBAM Pérez Alati,Grondona, Mariano Grondona Limagrain France Martin Gonzalo Allende &Brea Laureano Genin Pablo Staszewski Estudio Beccar Varela Daniel A.Seoane Allende &Brea Tomás Scuticchio Roberto IsaacScherbosky Pajarito Trading SRL Patricia Sassaroli Lombardi Bruchou, Fernández, Madero & Ignacio Sanz Lombardi Bruchou, Fernández, Madero & Marcos Santivanez de Transporte Cargas yLogística delMinisterio Planificación de Transporte de Dirección Nacionalde Mariana Sanguinetti Central BankofArmenia Anna Agayan SpecMash LLC Farm Credit ArmeniaUCO CC University Armenian State Agrarian ARMENIA Semilla (CONASE) INASE, ComisionNacionalde Maria Laura Villamayor Villalba &Seitor María Eugenia Villalba Elanco AnimalHealth Santiago Vidal Provimi Argentina SA Diego Velez Hoz Benites, Arntsen&Martínezde PAGBAM Pérez Alati,Grondona, Marina Vasavilbaso Estudio Beccar Varela Pablo J. Torretta Irrigación deMendoza Departamento General de Noelia Torchia Lawyer María CeciliaTello Roldan Silvia Sudol Staszewski &Associates Andranik Grigoryan Medical Technology Expertise Scientific Centre ofDrugand Lilit Ghazaryan Armenia Businessmen (Employers) of Union ofManufacturers and Arsen Ghazaryan Central BankofArmenia Samson Gazaryan Trans-Alliance Aikanush Edigaryan Armenia Agrarian Farmer’s Associationof Hrachia Berberyan Central BankofArmenia Ani Badalyan Sati Freight Forwarding CJSC Makar Arakelyan Central BankofArmenia Asmik Sargsyan CARD Agroservice CJSC Gagik Sardaryan Globalink Logistics Group Rajiv Nagri State Revenue Committee Lilit Movsisyan Spayka LLC Suren Mkrtumyan State Revenue Committee Vakhtang Mirumyan Analysis ScientificCenter Food Safety RiskAssessmentand Tigran Markosyan AM Law Firm Vanik Margaryan USAID -PUREWater Project Liana Margaryan Artagro LLC Arthur Ktrakyan Consulting) ILC (International Legal Edith Khachatourian CWP-Armenia NGO Liana Hovsepyan CWP-Armenia NGO HovsepyanArevik Healthy Garden Cooperative HarutyunyanGevorg Central BankofArmenia Leah Cowell Australian SeedAuthority (ASA) Lindsay Cook Beatty Legal Ana Coculescu Kingfisher Law Libby Ciesiolka Addisons Dale Chapman King &WoodMallesons Scott Bouvier Association ofAustralia National Insurance Brokers Dallas Booth Beatty Legal BeattyAndrew Pioneer Seeds Ross Beasley Gadens Michael Bampton Zoetis Krishanthi Balakrishnan King &WoodMallesons Arulanandam Andrew White &Case Council ofAustralia Stock Feed Manufacturers’ (ACPPO) Chief PlantProtection Office Water Resources -Australian Department ofAgriculture and Animal MedicinesAustralia AUSTRALIA Global Logistics Hmayak Yezekyan Avita LLC TarzyanArevik Grant Thornton LLP Hakob Tadevosyan USAID -PUREWater Project Alisa Savadyan AM Law Firm Narine Sargsyan Telstra David Crino Cowell Clarke Gadens Edward Smith Manchuna Shanmuganathan Ruwan Senanayake Gentech SeedsPtyLtd. Jason Scott Fayman International PtyLtd. Dean Schiller Gadens Richard Partridge Australia Grains Genebank Sally Norton Association ofAustralia Tractor andMachinery Northover Gary University ofMelbourne Rebecca Nelson Baker &McKenzie Ilona Millar Agracom PtyLimited Gordon McNeil Beatty Legal Samantha Marshall Telstra Danny Kotlowitz Kingfisher Law Kimbell Andrew Beatty Legal Hugh Kierath Australian Pastures Genebank Hughes Steve Association ofWA (FMIA) Farm andIndustry Machinery John Henchy Telstra Emma Harrison Clayton Utz Scott Girdler Telstra Kendra Fouracre Kingfisher Law Jeremy Fisher King &WoodMallesons Intan Eow Fertilizer Australia Nick Drew Dellavedova Fertilizer Services Shane Dellavedova Schoenherr Martin Ebner Rechtsanwalts GmbH Eisenberger &Herzog Marcus Benes Innovation andTechnology Federal ofTransport, Ministry Delacon Biotechnik GmbH AUSTRIA Telstra Jeremy Zwaigoft Cowell Clarke WalkerKathryn King &WoodMallesons Mark Vanderneut University ofSydney Law School Madeline Taylor Development Bangladesh Institute ofICT in Shahid UddinAkbar Spectra Hexa Feeds Ltd. Md. Ahsanuzzaman University ofDhaka Kazi MatinAhmed WAC Logistics Limited Munir UddinAhamed Association Dhaka Customs Agents Association -Dhaka Bangladesh Freight Forwarders Association -Chittagong Bangladesh Freight Forwarders Axiata Group Berhad BANGLADESH Schoenherr Christian Schmelz Food Safety -AGES Austrian for Agency Healthand Michael Oberforster Pallitsch Rechtsanwälte GmbH SHMP SchwartzHuber-Medek Katharina Huber-Medek Schoenherr Martina Hiebl Rechtsanwälte GmbH Reidlinger Schatzmann Felix Frommelt Anchor Logistics Mohammed Chowdhury Green Delta Insurance Company Farzana Chowdhury Lal Teer SeedLimited Mahbub Anam Research Institute Bangladesh Agricultural Syed NurulAlam Counsels Law Partners Shajib MahmoodAlam Robi Axiata Shahed Alam Research Council Bangladesh Agricultural S. M.Khorshed Alam Air SeaGlobalFreight Ltd. Mamun Mohamed NasirUddinAl Genesis Denim Anwar A.Khan Department ofLivestock Services Md. Khaleduzaman Metal Ltd. (Pvt.) Humayun Kabir Development Center (IFDC) International Fertilizer Ishrat Jahan DBL Group Mohammed Jabbar Association & AlliedProducts Exporters Bangladesh Fruits, Vegetables Md. MonjurulIslam City Apparel-Tex Co. Md. AminulIslam CFS Services Quazi MahmudIman(Bilu) Nazmul Huda BRAC Shahadat Hossain The Premier BankLimited Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Agrolink Bangladesh Monirul Haque Somobay SomitiLtd. Come To Save(CTS) Bohmukhi Aminul Haque BT Logistics Ltd. Titu Dey 91 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 92 Experts Nasir Group ofIndustries Md. Fakhar UzZaman Extension (DAE) Department ofAgricultural Ahsan Ullah Md. Rais Uddin Bangladesh Bank Md. AmirUddin ofAgricultureMinistry Azim Uddin M.S. Aleya Enterprise Ltd. Md. Mostafa Talukder Company Shodesh Shipping&Logistic Shakhawat Sumon Sayema Sultana Lal Teer SeedLimited Md. Firoze Sikder ACI Motors Ltd. Munem Shahriyar S. Hossain&Associates Hossain Sanwar Professionals Bangladesh University of Razon Chandra Saha Northern Agro Services Ltd. Durlave Roy Lal Teer SeedLimited Md. AbdurRashid ACI Motors Ltd. Subrata Ranjan Das Nexus Distributor Masud Rana Bangladesh Bank Toufiqur Rahman Khan BT Logistics Ltd. Bikash Chandra Paul Sonali Enterprise Md. Moniruzzaman Lal Teer SeedLimited Abdul Awal Mintoo ACI Motors Ltd. Tanmoy Majumder the Food Chain Federal for Agency theSafety of Agriparc BVBA BELGIUM Abdoulwahid Dosso Université d’Abomey-Calavi Augustin Chabossou de l’Elevage et delaPêche Ministère de l’Agriculture, Constance Bossa Rachel Araye Kpanou de l’Elevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, Taératou Aminou Direction Générale del’Eau Tchokpohoué Allomasso de l’Elevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, Akpovo Constant Franck ThéoduleCoffi de l’Elevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, Yao Akpo Bénin GoldCashew Industries Michel KouviAkognon Fececam-Bénin Virginie Ahivodji de l’Elevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, Ludovic Franck Agbayahoun CNS-Maïs/PPAAO BéninINRAB Adolphe Adjanohoun Consultant Pierre Adisso Bolloré Transport &Logistics Modeste Abiala GUOCE Chiba PulchérieNatabou Cabinet d’Avocats deMaître BENIN Simont Braun Sander Van Loock Piper DLA Johan Mouraux Eubelius -Attorneys-at-Law Laura Janssens Simont Braun Catherine Houssa FPS MobilityandTransport Environment Health, Food ChainSafety and Federal PublicService of

Taïrou Mama et duFoncier (ANDF) Agence NationaleduDomaine Victorien D.Kougblenou ALIDé Valère Houssou de l’Elevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, Guy OmerCodjoHountondji Université d’Abomey-Calavi Julien CoomlanHounkpe de l’Elevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, Corneille Gnanvi de l’Elevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, Victorin Gbogbo Société Vétérinaire duBénin Hippolyte Gansihounde & AsociadosSRL Becerra delaRoca Donoso Donoso Mauricio Becerra delaRoca A. R.Logistics Bolivia Ronald Armaza R. A. R.Logistics Bolivia Geovanni Armaza R. A. R.Logistics Bolivia Pamela Armaza Aguilar &AsociadosSRL Oscar F. AguilarO. Banco Fassil SA Agromel SRL Aduana NacionaldeBolivia BOLIVIA New VisionGroup SA Christophe Tozo Joel Tossou Moussa Toko Maersk BeninSA Gilles Togan Agossa Dossou Thierry de l’Elevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, Minhahoué Tchoutchou Global Veterinary Agency Carlos Quenum Touré Société Internationale deTransit

Zoya Galarza Castellanos Latinoamérica Programa Feed &Food Seguro Flavia Ferreira deCastro Monsanto Argentina Natalia Fernandez Eraso Fast Transport Trading Gunnar ColomboAguilera Universidad MayordeSanAndrés René Chipana Rivera Agropecuaria yForestal (INIAF) Instituto NacionaldeInnovación Martin NelsonCazón Ortega C.R. &F. Rojas Abogados José ManuelCanelasSchütt Alimentaria (SENASAG) Agropecuaria eInocuidad NacionaldeSanidad Servicio Jorge BerriosArévalo Nibol Ltda Dorian Pereyra Paz Agropecuaria yForestal (INIAF) Instituto Nacionalde Innovación Carlos Osinaga Romero Quintanilla, Soria&Nishizawa Luis Alvaro Ortuste Castillo Aguilar &AsociadosSRL Carlos Olmos Estudio Moreno Baldivieso Ramiro Moreno Baldivieso C.R. &F. Rojas Abogados Ariel Morales Aguilar &AsociadosSRL Mauricio A.Molina AG Logistics BoliviaSRL Fabrizio Leigue Rioja CorpAgro SRL Blanca Justiniano Juan CarlosIbañez Pereyra Johanna Karen Herrera Rossel Exterior A.G.C. Consultora enComercio Alberto GuzmándelCarpio Javier Gorostiaga Vargas Alimentaria (SENASAG) Agropecuaria eInocuidad NacionaldeSanidad Servicio Juan García Cáceres Legales Guevara &Gutiérrez SCServicios Dragana Divković HEIS Salwa Cherni HEIS Selma Čengić Food andRural Development of Payment System inAgriculture, MOFTER -Office for Coordination Jakub Butkovic Schoenherr Attorneys-at-Law Vedrana Budiša Protection Herzegovina for PlantHealth Administration ofBosniaand Mirjana Brzica Management andForestry ofAgriculture,Ministry Water Eldin Alikadić and Herzegovina The Veterinary Office ofBosnia HERZEGOVINA BOSNIA AND & AsociadosSRL Becerra delaRoca Donoso Alesia Zhuk Totaí Citrus Mariana Zamora Suppliers (APIA) Association ofAgricultural Input Marco Villarroel Wilden ArielSalvatierra member ofLex Mundi C.R. &F. Rojas Abogados, Sandra Salinas Helvetas SwissIntercooperation Carlos Saavedra Namefal SRL Alcides Rojas Legales Guevara &Gutiérrez SCServicios Marcel Rivera Ballester AG Logistics BoliviaSRL Marisela Ribera AG Logistics BoliviaSRL Silvia Quevedo Transport ofCommunicationsMinistry and Miroslav Djerić Management andForestry ofAgriculture,Ministry Water

Transkop d.o.o. Dejan Žepić dmb legald.o.o. Elma Veledar-Arifagić Economic Relations ofForeignMinistry Trade and Hamdo Tinjak Law FirmSajić Dragan Stijak Spaho Law Office Selma Spaho Dupovac Spaho Law Office Mehmed Spaho Spaho Law Office Emir Spaho MKF Lider Džavid Sefjović Jump Logistics d.o.o. Hasib Salkić Law FirmSajić Aleksandar Sajić HEIS Selma Osmanagić-Klico Schoenherr Attorneys-at-Law Vladimir Markuš Law FirmSajić Igor Letica HEIS Tarik Kupusović of BosniaandHerzegovina (FBA) oftheFederationBanking Agency Edvard Kotorić BH Telecom Sarajevo Hamdo Katica Herzegowina d.o.o. Lagermax AEDBosnai Amir Husić Dechra Adnan Hodžić and Herzegovina Food Safety ofBosnia Agency Zehra Gilic Mikrokreditno DruštvoMikrofin Braco Erceg Spaho Law Office Feđa Dupovac Republic ofSrpska and Water Managementof ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry Nenad Đukić & Genética (TMG) Tropical Melhoramento Paulo Afonso Brasil Presidência daRepública do Juliana Abreu Veirano Advogados Sion Advogados Minas Gerais Pontifical CatholicUniversity of Buzaglos Dantas Advogadas Exportadores deCereais -ANEC Associação Nacionaldos BRAZIL MSD AnimalHealth Igor Živadinović ADM doBrasil Ltda Décio Claro TozziniFreire Advogados Fabíola Cavalcanti Associados Passos eSticca Advogados Filipe Casellato Sabora Dantas Carneiro de Terminais eRecintos ABTRA -Associação Brasileira Angelino Caputo eOliveira Sindirações Bruno Caputi TozziniFreire Advogados Alexei Bonamin Ltda World LineFreight Forwarder Alexander Blanco deOliveira ANATEL Renato Bizerra Mundie Advogados Ana ClaudiaBeppu National Water Agency Sérgio Ayrimoraes Rogerio Andrade Siqueira Castro Advogados Juliana Andrade Agriculture Engineers Brazilian Associationof Daniel Albiero Demarest Advogados Antônio Aires

Yanko Marcius deAlencar Xavier Pinheiro Pedro Advogados Antonio Domingos Dal Más TozziniFreire Advogados da Fonseca Marcus Vinicius Pimentel Mundie Advogados Elinor Cotait Sementes BomJesus Luiz Américo Costa National Water Agency Bruno Collischonn Siqueira Castro Advogados Iris CoelhodaFonseca ofAgricultureMinistry Hideraldo JoseCoelho Receita Federal doBrasil Fabiano Coelho Levy &SaloamaoAdvogados Pedro Ferraz Advogados Favacho, Massarente eSilvaJr. Frederico Favacho Sementes BomJesus Marcelo Leandro Faria Demarest Advogados Murilo Domene andEquipment Machinery Brazilian Associationof Joao Delgado TozziniFreire Advogados Barbara BassanideSouza Advogados Azevedo Marques Sociedade de Manesco, Ramires, Perez, Ramires Eduardo Augusto deOliveira Advogados Rennó, Penteado, Reis &Sampaio Julia deLamare Unisinos –Law School Délton Winter deCarvalho TozziniFreire Advogados Rodrigo deCamposVieira Levy &SaloamaoAdvogados Luiz Roberto deAssis Luiza deAraujo Furiatti TozziniFreire Advogados Antonio Felix deAraujo Cintra Grande doNorte Universidade Federal doRio

93 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 94 Experts Demarest Advogados Mateus Maia Pinheiro Guimaraers Rafael Lopes Santos Neto Advogados Gabriel Leutewiler Pinheiro Neto Advogados Tiago Lessa Associados Advogados Emerenciano, Baggio& Luiz Gustavo Lemos Fernandes Santos Neto Advogados Carolina Leite Santos Neto Advogados Pedro Leao Grande doNorte Universidade Federal doRio Patricia Guimarães Limagrain France Fernando Guimaraes Internacional Ltda König doBrasil Carga Raphael Guerra Internacional Ltda König doBrasil Carga Marco Guerra M. Granziera Consultoria Ltda Maria Luiza Granziera Pinheiro Neto Advogados Caroline Gomes Siqueira Castro Advogados Caio Gomes Pinheiro Neto Advogados Fábio Góis Queiroz Cavalcanti Advocacia Marina Gadelha National Water Agency Rodrigo Flecha SMX Logistics Nadio Filho Latinoamérica Programa Feed &Food Seguro Flavia Ferreira deCastro TozziniFreire Advogados Kenneth Ferreira Advogados Vella PuglieseBuosieGuidoni Anderson Luiz MartinsdeMoura HM. Clause Teresa Martinez Levy &SaloamaoAdvogados Eduardo SalomaoNeto de Cargas eLogística (NTC) Associação NacionaldoTransporte Sônia Rotondo Levy &SaloamaoAdvogados Fabio Rodarte Santos Neto Advogados Selma Ribeiro Advogados Rennó, Penteado, Reis &Sampaio Antonio Reis Ramos eZuanon Advogados Christian Ramos Terrestres (ANTT) Agência NacionaldeTransportes Marcelo Prado e Consultores Machado AssociadosAdvogados Renata Pisaneschi Pinheiro Pedro Advogados Pedro Antonio Fernando Pinheiro LtdaNew-Link Com.Ext. Nivio Perez dosSantos Paulista State University Rouverson Pereira daSilva Advogados Barbosa, Müssnich&Aragão Beatriz Paulo deFrontin Associados Passos eSticca Advogados Andre Ricardo Passos deSouza ANATEL Frederico Oliveira Benedito Oliveira Siqueira Castro Advogados Simone Paschoal Nogueira Transbrasa Álvaro Moraes Sindirações Angela Missaglia (NTC) Transporte deCargas eLogística Associação Nacionaldo Gildete Menezes Associados Passos eSticca Advogados Ralph MellesSticca Mundie Advogados Luiza Martorano Campos MelloAdvogados Roberto Vianna doRego Barrios (NTC) Transporte deCargas eLogística Associação Nacionaldo Lauro Valdivia DAS Consultoria Donizetti Antonio Silva and Food Supply ofAgriculture,Ministry Livestock Coelho Marcus Vinicius Segurado Sementes eMudas Associacao Brasileira de Paulo Santos ADM doBrasil Ltda Franklin Santos Cargill Alimentos Ltda Michelle Sant’Ana deOliveira (SEFA) Société d’Exportation duFaso Boly Boukary Fisconsult-Bitié &Associés Adama Bitié (CIRDES) l’Elevage enZone Subhumide Recherche-Développement sur Centre International de Zakaria Bengaly Dominique Bassole Postes l’Économie Numériqueet des Ministère duDéveloppement de Richard Bernard Anago (CAMC-O) et ConciliationdeOuagadougou Centre d’Arbitrage deMédiation BURKINA FASO Sindirações Ariovaldo Zani Associados Advogados Emerenciano, Baggio& Maria Eduarda Wiederkehr HM. Clause Irene Virgilio Thaís Villela Sementes BomJesus Nelson JoseVigolo Sementes BomJesus Luis Vigolo Telecel Faso Philippe Goabga Université deOuagadougou Amidou Garane Aménagements Hydrauliques Ministère del’Agriculture et des Pierre Djiguemdé (Bagrépôle) Pôle deDéveloppement deBagré Société deDéveloppement du Mamadou CellouDiallo (CIRDES) l’Elevage enZone Subhumide Recherche-Développement sur Centre International de Guiguigbaza-Kosssigan Dayo Aménagements Hydrauliques Ministère del’Agriculture et des Koncourou Coulibaly Ahmad Nassourou Cisse (UBA Burkina) United Bankfor Africa Burkina Eliane Ouedraogo Aménagements Hydrauliques Ministère de l’Agriculture et des Moussa Ouattara BF) d’Industrie duBurkinaFaso (CCI Chambre deCommerce et Mamadou Ouattara d’Anacarde Union NationaledesProducteurs Eloi Nombré Fagri Issaka Kolga Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Institut del’Environnement et de Timbilfou Kiendrebeogo (UMECAP) des Producteurs duBurkina et deCrédit desArtisanset Union desMutuelles d’Epargne Fodié Kébé Aménagements Hydrauliques Ministère del’Agriculture et des Cyrille Kambire du BurkinaFaso (AGRODIA) Détaillants d’Intrants Agricoles Association desGrossistes et Saïdou Kabré (UBA Burkina) United Bankfor Africa Burkina Innocent K.Hien Recherche –Développement sur (INERA) /Centre International de et deRecherches Agricoles Institut del’Environnement Nouhoun Zampaligre (CIRDES) l’Elevage enZone Subhumide Recherche-Développement sur Centre International de Valentine C.Yapi-Gnaoré Aménagements Hydrauliques Ministère del’Agriculture et des OumarTraoreSeydina Karim Traore Amenagements Hydrauliques Ministere del’Agriculture et des S. Evariste Tapsoba Postes l’Économie Numériqueet des Ministère duDéveloppement de Issouf Soulama (BUNASOL) duBurkinaFaso Bureau NationaldesSols Ibrahim Sori du BurkinaFaso Service NationaldesSemences R. AbdoulayeSemdé l’Assainissement Ministère del’Eauet de Omer Sanou Orange BurkinaFaso SA Daouda Sanou (UBA Burkina) United Bankfor Africa Burkina Carine Sanou Pierre Sanon l’Assainissement Ministère del’Eauet de Emma Palm Zowelengre en DouaneAgrées Transitaires &Commissionnaires Association Professionnelle des Roger OmerOuédraogo UCOBAM Yassia Ouedraogo Postes l’Économie Numériqueet des Ministère duDéveloppement de Ouedraogo Galiam SidiMohamed Université OuagaII Lassané Zoma (CIRDES) l’Elevage enZone Subhumide Trust JurisChambers Abdoul Mtoka CRDB Bank Deusdedit Mchomba (ISABU) Agronomiques duBurundi Institut desSciences Cyrille Mbonihankuye BGMB Ben AliMassoundi Théoneste Manirambona Caféiculteurs (COCOCA) Consortium desCoopératives de Désiré Manirakiza (APROCO) African Promotion Company Richard Kaderi Frederic Hatungimana (ONCCS) de Certification desSemences Office NationaldeContrôle et Fidèle Gahungu l’Élevage Ministère del’Agriculture et de Prosper Dodiko Development Center (IFDC) International Fertilizer Leone Comin François Butoke Télécommunications (ARCT) et deContrôle des Agence deRégulation Déogratias Bizindavyi (ISABU) Agronomiques duBurundi Institut desSciences Jean ClaudeBigirimana Burundi Banque delaRépublique du Innocent Bigirimana Université duBurundi Philibert Baranyanka Jean-Claude Barakamfitiye BURUNDI des Postes (ARCEP) Communications Electroniques et Autorité deRégulation des Nongobzanga Zongo (UBA Burkina) United Bankfor Africa Burkina Hmadou Zongo BICOR SA Burundi Insurance Corporation Novat Niyungeko Office Burundaisdes Recettes Audace Niyonzima (ISABU) Agronomiques duBurundi Institut desSciences Célestin Niyongere Christian Aid NinganzaEmery SOGESTAL Samuel Nibitanga SOGESTAL Francoise Ngozirazana CRDB Bank Janvier Ndericimpaye Compagnie deGérance duCoton Pierre ClaverNahimana and Fisheries ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry Saruth Chan Solution Trois S(Cambodge)Logistics Sithisak Law Office Axiata Group Berhad Amret Microfinance Institution CAMBODIA Pharma Bolena Ena Rasquinha Pharma Bolena Boland Rasquinha John W. Ffooks &Co. Lydia Rasoanirina GCFA Gilbert Ntiyankundiye SDV Logistics Daniel Ntawurishira (ATIB) Internationaux duBurundi Association desTransporteurs Eric Ntangaro Development Center (IFDC) International Fertilizer Alexis Ntamavukiro BUCOFCO Laurent Nkurikiye Anicet Nkurikiye Sadao Matsubara HBS Law Firm&Consultants Tayseng Ly E&A Consultant Co., Ltd. Ham Kimkong A&D Law Office Khan Sereyvuthy Cambodia (ITC) Institute ofTechnology of Pinnara Ket National BankofCambodia Bomakara Heng SCG Trading Co., Ltd. Te Chum Virak Chea and Fisheries ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry Saintdona Chea Développement Rural Ministère de l’Agriculture et du Jacob Mfonka’a Atanga Pêches et desIndustries Animales Ministère de l’Elevage, des Hamadjam AhmadouAlkaissou CAMEROON VDB Loi Cambodia Potim Yun Amru Rice (Cambodia)Co. Ltd. Saran Song Daline Sok VDB Loi Cambodia Leung Seng (DGRV) Raiffeisen Confederation German Cooperative and Hardy Schneider Systems (GIZASEAN-SAS) GIZ ASEAN Sustainable Agrifood Channa Samorn P&A AsiaLaw Office Allen Prak Acleda BankPLC Sophea Om RMA Group Cambodia Saing Ngorn Royal University ofAgriculture Sarom Men HBS Law Firm&Consultants

95 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 96 Experts Chambre d’Agriculture Ouest Lucien Essomba MTN Cameroon Serge Esso Lawyer Yannick Wilfreid Djemeni Green Horizon Leclère Diffo (PNDP) Developpement Participatif Programme Nationalde Eric DidierMyemeck West Africa MarineSolutions David Bwemba Centrale Comité desPesticides d’Afrique Benoît Bouato du Commerce Exterieur-Gie Guichet UniquedesOperations Isidore Biyiha AGROGIC Eric Biwole IG/MINDCAF Jean-Marie Bendégué Vianney Développement Rural Ministère del’Agriculture et du Gisèle BaokepseBedoung pour leDéveloppement (UJAD) Union delaJeunesseAfricaine MartialBanok Steve (PNDP) Développement Participatif Programme Nationalde Frédéric BandonMboyong Cameroun (CISAC) Sociétés d’Assainissement au Conseil Interprofessionnel des Ndjib Bahoya Télécommunications Agence deRégulation des Raymond Ayene Centre Clinique Vétérinaire La Faune du Ntsama Francoise Chantal Ayangma Pêches et desIndustriesAnimales Ministère del’Elevage, des Hamman Atkam Centrale (BEAC) Banque desÉtats del’Afrique Caroline Idrissou-Belingar Albert Ichakou Mota Edwin Fongod Lawyer TchoumbaKevine Lawyer Audrey Tchouasseu Lawyer Theodore Pouokam Gradit international Godefroy PiamFokam Pêches et desIndustriesAnimales Ministère del’Elevage, des Rose ElianePenda Firm Joseph Antoine OnambeleLaw Joseph Antoine Onambele Développement Rural Ministère del’Agriculture et du Charles NyingShey Développement Rural Ministère del’Agriculture et du Edouard Nya Express Cargo Benga NomenChristopher Urbain NiniTeunda Green Horizon de l’Université Yaoundé II,et Centre d’Etudes et deRecherche Matho Irène Nguelewou Cameroun (ASSOBACAM) Association Bananiere du Roger Mongono Centurion Law Group Carl Mbeng l’Université deYaoundé Ecole NormaleSupérieure de Josian EdsonMahoYalen Competitivité Agricole Projet d’Amélioration dela Guy Parfait Maga Télécommunications Agence deRégulation des Jean René Loumou Nono Independent Consultant Vincent Lissom Université deDschang Jean Raphaël Kana Crédit duSahel(CDS) Daniel Kalbassou National Veterinary Laboratory Kazi Jean Philippe Camtel Samuel Issowa Iyoni W.A. Grain &PulseSolutions Chris Chivilo Norton Rose Fulbright Janet L.Bobechko Lawyers LLP Willms &ShierEnvironmental Julie Abouchar Fundy Compost (CFIA) Agency Canadian Food Inspection CANADA Cabinet Zangue &Partners Serges MartinZangue Equavet Group Henri René Zambou Ministère del’Energie et del’Eau Daniel ClaudeWang Sonne Agency Canadian Food Inspection Laura Scott Agency Canadian Food Inspection Surinder Saini Globeways CanadaInc. Marcos Mosnaim OCCC - Ontario Cereal Crops Committee David Morris Association Canadian Environmental Law Theresa McClenaghan Kelly Krause Canadian Grain Commission Catherine Jaworski Health Canada JaneIreland Mary Bennett JonesLLP Leonard J. Griffiths Canadian Grain Commission Remi Gosselin Torys LLP Michael J. Fortier Gowling WLG Dahme Harry Fasken MartineauDuMoulinLLP Rosalind H.Cooper Stikeman ElliottLLP Cobb Larry Seguros Superintendencia deValores y Pablo Arriagada Feris Araya &CíaAbogados Matías Araya (SAG) AgrícolaServicio yGanadero Guillermo Aparicio Muñoz ILS Chile Richard Alvarado Carrasco Redlines Group Leticia Acosta Aguirre Grasty Quintana Majlis&Cía. CHILE C&M Seeds Ellen Sparry Araya &Cía Abogados Mariza Gomez Cristian Garate Gajardo &Rodriguez Abogados Patricio Felipe Gajardo Latinoamérica Programa Feed &Food Seguro Flavia Ferreira deCastro Consultant ValenciaCarlos Estévez Durán &CíaAbogados Rafael Durán Sanhueza Juan Patricio Cristi Seguros Superintendencia deValores y Joaquín Cortez Huerta (SAG) AgrícolaServicio yGanadero Mónica Contreras Jara Chile AG (AACH) Asociación deAseguradores de Jorge Claude MSD AnimalHealth Valeria Capurro Pacheco Brokering Abogados Marlene Brokering Barros &Errázuriz Abogados Pedro Pablo BallivianSearle (SAG) AgrícolaServicio yGanadero Rodrigo Astete Rocha Universidad deConcepción Jose Luis Arumi Marco Salinas (INIA) Investigaciones Agropecuarias Instituto Nacionalde Gabriel Saavedra Cargill Chile Jenny Rojas Barros &Errázuriz Abogados Andres Rodriguez Brokering Abogados Gonzalo Rivera DU &Uría Philippi Prietocarrizosa Ferrero María Paz Pulgar Asesorías Improve Ltda Claudia C.Pizarro Pino Barros &Errázuriz Abogados José IgnacioOvalle Carey yCíaLtda Matias Osses DHL GlobalForwarding Alberto Oltra Valparaiso Universidad Catolica de Facultad deDerecho, Pontificia PobleteManuel Nuñez Araya &CíaAbogados Sebastián Norris Drenaje (AGRYD) Asociación ChilenadeRiegoy José MiguelMorán Camilo Morales Saavedra Consultant Loreto Mery Health Boehringer IngelheimAnimal Claudia Mejías Carey yCíaLtda Raul Mazzarella Carey yCíaLtda Eduardo Martin Salinas yFabres SA Nicolás Andres Correa Gómez (SAG) AgrícolaServicio yGanadero José IgnacioGómez Transportes Cono Sur Oscar Santa MaríaOsses (SAG) AgrícolaServicio yGanadero Bondex Ming Zhai Tian Yuan Law Firm Xiong Yin Baker &McKenzie Howard Wu Vilmorin-Mikado Rodolphe Thiebaut Beveridge &DiamondPC Weiwei Luo Jiangsu QianhongSCMCo., Ltd. Liu University ofMelbourne Min Jiang Chinese Academy ofSciences and Natural Resources Research, Institute ofGeographic Sciences Shaofeng Jia JunHe Daniel He Utrecht University Liping Dai JunHe Michael Chen Science andLaw China University ofPolitical Wang Canfa Zhe JiangMarineBiotechnology CHINA Ewos ChileAlimentos Ltda Fabiane Zwirtes Cariola DiezPerez-Cotapos Tomás Vidal GEA Farm Technologies ChileSpA Pablo Varas Siriany Redlines Group Carlos Torres Bayer AnimalHealth Isabel Tapia Cooperativa deRiego Cristian Soto Smith yCía Alan Smith Carey yCíaLtda Alfonso Silva (SAG) AgrícolaServicio yGanadero Alvaro SepúlvedaLuque Premex SAS FENALCO Cafeteros deColombia Federación Nacionalde COLOMBIA Global Law Office Zhu Jeffrey Renmin University ofChina Ke Zhou Baker &McKenzie Lilac Zhao Xiaoke (Oliver)Zhang Tian Yuan Law Firm Jun (Francisco) Zhang Baker &McKenzie Danian Zhang Exterior -ANALDEX Asociación NacionaldeComercio Juan Diego CanoGarcia de Colombia(CONFECOOP) Confederación deCooperativas Martha Camargo Real Carga Ltda Diana Bernal Real Carga Ltda Andres Bernal Acosemillas Leonardo Ariza Agropecuario (ICA) Instituto Colombiano Emilio Arevalo Penaranda Agropecuario (ICA) Instituto Colombiano John Jairo Alarcón Restrepo Zoetis Ivannia AguilarCamacho de Colombia(CONFECOOP) Confederación deCooperativas Carlos Ernesto Acero Sánchez (AMEVEC) Veterinarios deColombia Asociación NacionaldeMédicos Víctor ManuelAcero Plazas Yara de Colombia Superintendencia Financiera Solla SA

Agropecuario (ICA) Instituto Colombiano Alejandra Farias Aduanas Nacionales Dirección deImpuestos y Dagoberto EsquiviaAgames Exterior -ANALDEX Asociación NacionaldeComercio Javier DíazMolina Archila Abogados Dionisio DeLaCruzCamargo Holland &Knight Daniel Currea Cruz &Asociados Julián CamiloCruzGonzález Independent Consultant Diego Chalarca Rodriguez MSD AnimalHealth German Carrillo de Colombia(CONFECOOP) Confederación deCooperativas Jorge Leal Juan Nicolas Laverde Corpoica Nopsa John Hernandez SAS AUA IngenieríaSAS Urbanismo &Ambiente Ingeniería Universidad Central /Agua, Palacio Gelber Norberto Gutiérrez Agropecuario Instituto Colombiano William Rene Gutierrez Oregon Holland &Knight Enrique Gomez-Pinzon Parra Rodríguez AbogadosSAS Guzmán Carlos JairGómez Exterior -ANALDEX Asociación NacionaldeComercio Giovanni Andres Camelo Gomez Consejo SuperiordelTransporte Fredy CamiloGarcía Moreno Agropecuario (ICA) Instituto Colombiano José Roberto Galindo Franco &AbogadosAsociados Javier Andrés Franco Zárate Latinoamérica Programa Feed &Food Seguro Flavia Ferreira deCastro 97 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 98 Experts Universidad Católica deOriente Gabriel Roldán Parra Rodríguez AbogadosSAS Bernardo Rodríguez Ossa Nicolas Robledo (CINARA) delRecursoConservación Hídrico Saneamento Básico y Desarrollo enAguaPotable, Instituto deInvestigacióny Inés Restrepo Tarquino Néstor Restrepo Rodríguez Compañía California SA Edisson PulidoDelgado Agropecuario (ICA) Instituto Colombiano Yenny CatherinePinillaLópez Proconvet SA Johnier Pavas Manrique Empresarios deColombia(ANDI) Asociación Nacionalde Laura Pasculli Lissa Parra Alarcón Parra Rodríguez AbogadosSAS Daniel Humberto Palomino Viera Parra Rodríguez AbogadosSAS Francisco JavierMorón López Agropecuario (ICA) Instituto Colombiano Fabiola Moreno Martinez Health Boehringer IngelheimAnimal Claudia LilianaMolinaCampos Sergio Michelsen Agropecuario (ICA) Instituto Colombiano Maritza MeloRodriguez Casa Toro Automotriz SA Hernán Mejía Holland &Knight Felipe Marquez Productos Familia William Marín Abogados Macías Gómez&Asociados Luis Fernando MacíasGómez Holland &Knight Julian Santos Productos Familia Nader Samih l’Élevage et delaPêche Ministère de l’Agriculture, de Richard BiemoSofy Vodacom RDC Alain Betu Extérieur (SEGUCE) Unique Intégral duCommerce Société d’Exploitation duGuichet Fernando Barbosa SDV Logistics Nathalie Banza Tshibangu Ilunga&Partners SCA Grégoire Bakandeja &TradeBang XinIndustry Co. CONGO, DEM.REP. deColombia Carval María JimenaZuluaga Villegas Health Boehringer IngelheimAnimal Carlos Arturo Zuluaga Ocampo Lewin &WillsAbogados Santiago Wills Ester Vivas Benítez Agropecuario Instituto Colombiano Lilalba Vinasco Nivel 1 Agencia deAduanasMircana SA Carolina Vargas Arévalo Camilo Valencia Abogados Camilo Valencia Ambientales MF UsubillagaConsultores Velásquez María Fernanda Usubillaga Universidad delValle Norberto Urritia MINTIC William Torres Trade Leader Paola Tapiero Agropecuário (ICA) Instituto Colombiano Mc Allister Tafur Garzón Agencia NacionaldelEspectro Carol Sosa Comunicaciones Comisión deRegulación de Mariana Sarmiento Argüello Sangha du BassinCongo-Oubangui Commission Internationale Georges Gulemvuga Rikolto Ivan Godfroid Indigo Produits Chimiques Raphael Duclos Romain Ciza des Semences duCongo(AISC) Association Interprofessionnelle Pierre Bukasa Katambayi Buo SA E.Braun Henry Rocat SARL Guillaume Bononge Litobaka Rocat SARL Jonathan Bononge l’Élevage et delaPêche Ministère de l’Agriculture, de Damas Mamba l’Élevage et delaPêche Ministère de l’Agriculture, de Sylvain Malu (CPNCK) des NégociantsduCafé auKivu Coopérative desProducteurs et Gilbert Makelele Cabinet Dorothée Madiya Dorothée Madiya Mwamba Comexas Beni GuyKomanda Extérieur (SEGUCE) Unique Intégral duCommerce Société d’Exploitation duGuichet Laura Kokolo Agronomy University ofBandundu Ndona Kayamba Roger l’Élevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, de Albert Kasoko SDV Logistics Benoit Kapila Kapalata Tony MalohaAkondoko Consultant Roger Kambale Paluku l’Élevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, de Mairon IssaSaidi Johnny Mundu Rikolto Leopold Mumbere Associates, SC-P MukendiEmery Wafwana& Mukendi WafwanaEmery Associates, SC-P MukendiEmery Wafwana& Popol Muamba Mukengeshayi ProCredit Bank Patou MonkindaMolanga l’Élevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, de Bertin Matumo l’Élevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, de Sebebimi Manzina DHL Global Serge Mangungu Aspen Congo Albert Wumba l’Élevage et delaPêche Ministère de l’Agriculture, de Christian Tebila Kiaku (SENACEM) Service NationaldesSemences Jacqueline Sadel-Nilong Comexas Stephane Ramquet Comexas Xavier Pollet GTM Joseph Plesers Fontaine La Generale deServices la Destin Pelete l’Élevage et delaPêche Ministère del’Agriculture, de Joseph Okitokoko University ofLumumbashi Luciens NyemboKimuni Extérieur (SEGUCE) Unique Intégral duCommerce Société d’Exploitation duGuichet Tresor Nsuadi SDV Logistics Nicaise Navanga (CPNCK) des NégociantsduCafé auKivu Coopérative desProducteurs et Autorité de Régulation des Nathalie Kouadio Cacao des Exportateurs deCafé et de Groupement Professionnel Youssouf Koné Oikocredit Yves Komaclo Cabinet KignamanSoro Sangah KignamanSoro Boigny Université Félix Houphouët- Jean Patrice Jourda Développement Rural Ministère del’Agriculture et du Silue Gnénéyéri Développement Rural Ministère del’Agriculture et du Kouadio Jean Esse Nestle Côte d’Ivoire Salomon Ekra (ANASEMCI) Semenciers deCôte d’Ivoire Association Nationaledes Azi Leopold Diby Cocoa Trade Ivoire Albert Diadhiou Orange Côte d’Ivoire Jean-Luc Chalhoub International Africa Trans-Logistics Binde Exportateurs deCafé et deCacao Groupement Professionnel des Françoise MariameBedie Distribution (INADIS) Inter Afrique Négoce et Jules CésarBayilé Yara Côte d’Ivoire Achille Bassia SACO Développement Rural Ministère del’Agriculture et du EOLIS Callebaut Barry CÔTE D’IVOIRE Développement Rural Ministère de l’Agriculture et du Lucien Kouamé d’Ivoire Télécommunications deCôte Fanon Doo Predrag Persak Firm Divjak Topic Bahtijarevic Law Antonia Mihaljević Rechtsanwälte GmbH CMS Reich-Rohrwig Hainz Skoko incooperation with Law Lisac,Mušec, FirmBardek, Mia Kanceljak Ostermann &Partners LLP Lucija Čolak ofAgricultureMinistry Ksenija Bistrović Firm Divjak Topic Bahtijarevic Law Emir Bahtijarević CROATIA Développement Rural Ministère del’Agriculture et du Manni Zogbe Corporation Bloomfield Investment Stanislas Zézé Traoré Bakari Cabinet d’Avocats d’Affaires Bakari Traoré ofTransportMinistry Ibrahim Sylla Développement Rural Ministère del’Agriculture et du Mèhin Silué (LANADA) au Développement Agricole Laboratoire Nationald’Appui Moussa Sanogo Cocoa Trade Ivoire Deborah Paint Ake Edouard Nongbe Développement Rural Ministère del’Agriculture et du Koffi Rodrigue N’Guessan Traoré Bakari Cabinet d’Avocats d’Affaires Melaine N’dah Yara Côte d’Ivoire Loucou OliveFeza Mbahia Sanogo Malamine CONDICAF Franck Lokrou Milan Malena CZECH REPUBLIC Firm Divjak Topic Bahtijarevic Law Iva Vukoja Partners Dvoršćak&Silvije Skerlev and Law FirmŽeljka Velić- Željka Velić-Dvoršćak and Food (HAPIH) Croatian for Agency Agriculture Ing. Ivan Varnica Firm Divjak Topic Bahtijarevic Law Marta Šarić Business, University ofZagreb Faculty ofEconomics and Zvonimir Safranko Administration Danish Veterinary andFood Danish Energy Agency DENMARK UniversityMasaryk Vojtěch Vomáčka Life Sciences Management Czech University of Faculty ofEconomics and Jan Tyrychtr kancelář, s.r.o. advokátní Kocián ŠolcBalaštík, Václav Rovenský Šlechtitelská stanice, a.s-CEZEA Jaroslav Poruba kancelář Havel &Partners s.r.o., advokátní Petr Opluštil (UKZUZ) and Testing inAgriculture Central Institute for Supervising Hana Mertová Advokátní kancelář KFLegal, s.r.o. Jan Kořán (UKZUZ) and Testing inAgriculture Central Institute for Supervising Michal Hnízdil Medicines Veterinary Biologicals and Institute for State Control of Jiri Bures Bayer AnimalHealth DLA Piper DLA Magnus GorridsenFischer The DanishSeedCouncil Nils Elmegaard Camilla Bonde Protection Agency The DanishEnvironmental Marie Blanner Piper DLA Kurt HellesBardeleben Piper DLA Thomas Bang Limagrain Denmark Andreas B.Andersen Jumbo Transport A/S Finanstilsynet EW Nutrition Gorrissen Federspiel Michael Steen Jensen The DanishAgricultural Agency Jørgen Søgaard Hansen Kim Sejberg Piper DLA Christine Rahbek Lindhard Protection Agency The DanishEnvironmental Asger Petersen Dansk Maskinhandlerforening (DM) Klaus Nissen The DanishAgricultural Agency Karina Hegelund Nielsen Protection Agency The DanishEnvironmental Gitte Nielsen Spedman GlobalLogistics AB Kasper Lykkegaard Sorensen Yara Kristoffer Linnet Thomsen Copenhagen BusinessSchool Troels Lilja Gorrissen Federspiel Ole Horsfeldt The DanishSeedCouncil Thor GunnarKofoed Piper DLA Alexander Grønlund 99 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 100 Experts Annabelle Liz (SGN) GeológicoServicio Nacional Sandra JoséClases Bayer MercadoRubén Jiménez (DIGEGA) Dirección General deGanadería Evelyn Gautreau Giselle Fernández Total Logistics Freight Fernando Fernandez Marítima Dominicana Zenon Felipe Estrella &Tupete, Abogados Ramia Joaquín GuillermoEstrella Marítima Dominicana Ruben Edmead (FENATRADO) Transporte Dominicano Federación Nacionalde Ricardo delosSantos INSAPROMA Euren Cuevas Medina Russin Vecchi &Heredia Bonetti Manuel CondeCabrera Mesa &Abogados Rodolfo MesaChávez OMG Emmanuel Cedeno Mvio Logistics SRL Sandy Cartagena Gamundi Squire Patton BoggsPeña Prieto Miguel Cano Medina GarrigóAbogados Laura Bobea Dirección General deAduanas Eduardo Rodríguez Apolinario Medina GarrigóAbogados Patricia Álvarez Ministerio deAgricultura Pedro Almonte DOMINICAN REPUBLIC GreEnergy Dominicana Yomayra Martinó Estrella &Tupete, Abogados Gisell López Baldera OMG la Republica Dominicana Superintendencia de Bancos de White MatosDeydania María ElenaVásquez MSD AnimalHealth Jacobo Valdez Albizu Schad Consulting Robert Valdez Produccion de Santo Domingo Camara deComercio y Anaika Placencia Tejeda (SGN) GeológicoServicio Nacional Yenny Rodriguez Portuarios Agentes yEstibadoresAgeport, Jose Antonio Reyes Foretales (IDIAF) Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Instituto Dominicano de Domingo Rengifo (DIGEGA) Dirección General deGanadería Virginia QuiñonesPuig Devi Prieto Cabrera &Asociados Aimée Prieto Semidom SRL Rafaelina Pichardo Dirección General deAduanas Souffront Angel EmmanuelPerez Ministerio deAgricultura Raúl Peralta G. Fenwal International, Inc. Misdania Paulino (SGN) GeológicoServicio Nacional Santiago JoséMuñozTapia Schad Consulting Apolinar Muñoz Total Logistics Freight Rafael Morel Produccion deSanto Domingo Camara deComercio y Hamlet Montás OMG Leonel Melo Medina GarrigóAbogados Fabiola Medina Youssry Saleh&Partners Yulia V. Akinfieva Benha University Hassan Aidaros Amro Ahmed Trade andForeign ofIndustry Ministry Nermine AboElAtta Arab Agricultural Production Co. Ahmed Abdelhamid Nacita Corporation Naguib Abadir Council Readymade GarmentsExport ofTradeMinistry andIndustry Field Crops Research Institute EGYPT, ARAB REP. Polyserve Group Sherif El-Gabaly Research Institute Agricultural Engineering Ahmed El-Behery Lex Mundi Shalakany Law Office, memberof Farida El-Bakry Reclamation ofAgricultureMinistry and Land Ahmed KamalEl-Attar Kadmar Medhat ElKady Baker &McKenzie Ghada ElGharib Trade andForeign ofIndustry Ministry Menna ElAbdeeny &PartnersEl SaidDarwish Mohamed Darwish of Commerce Federation ofEgyptianChambers Mohamed Azzam ofTransportMinistry Hoda Attia Research Institute Agricultural Engineering Samar Attaher Abd ElWahabSons Abd ElWahab AlyIbrahim Zoetis Sawsan Aly PWC Egypt Badawy Ibrahim Egyptian GlobalLogistics Haytham Hussein Youssry Saleh&Partners Esraa Hesham Youssry Saleh&Partners Nagy Hany Suez CanalUniversity Kamal Ghodeif Baker &McKenzie Mohamed Ghannam Import Control General Organization ofExport& Ismail Gaber Hossam ElMeadawy Talaat El-Gamal Oriental Weavers Moatasem Rashed Baker &McKenzie Mohamed Rasekh Ibrachy Legal Consultancy Karim Nabil Shalakany Law Office Mariam Mohsen Import Control General Organization ofExport& Ahmed Mohamed Oriental Weavers Abouelela Mohamed ofTradeMinistry andIndustry Gomaa M.Madny Bosch Center Ashraf MaamounFarag Sherinil Group Sherif LatifMakar Trade andForeign ofIndustry Ministry Ghada Kandil Soliman, Hashish&Partners Saif AllahKadry Research Institute Agricultural Engineering Rania Ibrahim DSV Mona Ibrahim Youssry Saleh&Partners Maha Ibrahim FLK Trading PLC Sisay Asres Packford International Siraj Ahmed Yohannes AbebeHebena Transformation (ATA) Agency Ethiopian Agricultural Workineh Abebe Transformation (ATA) Agency Ethiopian Agricultural Birkneh Abebe ETHIOPIA International Cooperation ofInvestmentand Ministry Mona Zobaa Ibrachy Legal Consultancy Amr Youssef ofTradeMinistry andIndustry Hossam Younes El Watania Companyfor Import Fakhry Torfa El Watania Companyfor Import Eslam Torfa El Watania Companyfor Import Ahmed Torfa Nacita Corporation Randa Tharwat Import Control General Organization ofExport& Mamdouh Taha Soliman, Hashish&Partners Frédéric Soliman Shalakany Law Office Khaled Sherif Lex Mundi Shalakany Law Office, memberof Emad ElShalakany Ibrachy Legal Consultancy Mostafa ElShafei Ibrachy Legal Consultancy Sara ElShaarawy Company Misr SpinningandWeaving Ahmed Salem Company The Motor &Engineering Yodit Assefa Natural Resources ofAgricultureMinistry and Weldehawariat Assefa Packford International Misrak Mengehsa Addis Exporter PLC Michael Mamo Dagim Mahtemeselassie Authority (VDFACA) Feed Administration andControl Ethiopian Veterinary Drugsand Hailegebril Lema Tadesse Kiros Law Office Tadesse Kiros Solomon KebedeKotu Transformation (ATA) Agency Ethiopian Agricultural Teshome Worku Kebede Trans EthiopiaPLC -TEPLCO Nuru Hassen Trans EthiopiaPLC -TEPLCO Asheber Hailesilassie Institute (IWMI) International Water Management Fitsum Hagos DAI Gataneh Gobezie TGMB Law Office Ruth Gizachew Transformation (ATA) Agency Ethiopian Agricultural Reta Gissa Transformation (ATA) Agency Ethiopian Agricultural GetachewSeyoum Moenco Branch KalitiMachinery Alehegn Gebru Gebre Gebretsadik University Resources, AddisAbaba Ethiopian Institute ofWater Gebremariam Azage Gebreyohannes Authority (ERCA) Ethiopia Revenues andCustoms Wondowosen Degefa HD EthiopianCoffee Trading PLC Dawit Daniel Areas (ICARDA) Agricultural Research intheDry International Center for Zewdie Bishaw Authority (ERCA) Ethiopia Revenues andCustoms Fekadu Bekele Services Green International Logistic Mekdes Shiferaw Authority (ERCA) Ethiopia Revenues andCustoms Kebede Shai Transformation (ATA) Agency Ethiopian Agricultural Yitbarek Semeane Authority (ERCA) Ethiopia Revenues andCustoms Nigussie Seid Freight Forwarding PLC Yichalal Transit Service and Habte Petros Daye BensaExportPLC Tariku Oljira Tadesse Kiros Law Office Hawaz Merawi Dittmar &Indrenius Juha-Pekka Mutanen Castrén &SnellmanAttorneys Ltd. 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David Bardavelidze Land Transport Agency Zaza Avaliani LLC Mgaloblishvili KipianiDzidziguri David Archvadze National Environmental Agency Marine Arabidze Environmental Research International Center for Grigol Abramia GT Group LLC Giorgi Abjandadze GEORGIA Camille Vaillon Demeter Avocat Sylvain Pelletreau SYNACOMEX Philippe Mitko DS Avocats Yvon Martinet Foley Hoag Carine Le Roy-Gleizes Laurence Lanoy Avocats Laurence Lanoy Boivin &Associés HercéSteve Green Law Avocat Stéphanie Gandet 101 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 102 Experts MagtiCom LLC Irakli Mzhavanadze Development Agency Agricultural Cooperative Giorgi Misheladze Tegeta Motors Irakli Mamaladze MG Law Office Mako Maisuradze LomadzeMirab-Dmitry Toyota Caucasus LLC Irakli Lekishvili Alliance Group Holdings Aieti Kukava Land Transport Agency Davit Kortava Alliance Group Holdings Elizbar Khachapuridze Alliance Group Holdings Gvantsa Gvichia MG Law Office Nana Gvazava Goga Gujejiani AgroQiziki LLC Beka Gonashvili Agromotors LLC Akaki Gogsadze VENI Ltd. 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Tamta Nutsubidze Rechtsanwälte mbB Kümmerlein, Simon&Partner Ruth Welsing CMS HascheSigle Fritz vonHammerstein Enderle Environmental Law Magdalena Okonska K&L Gates LLP Christian Hullmann Clifford Chance DeutschlandLLP Felix Feldmann Enderle Environmental Law Bettina Enderle Clifford Chance DeutschlandLLP Mathias Elspaß Association German AnimalHealthIndustry Agriculture Federal ofFood Ministry and EW Nutrition GERMANY Georgian Farmers Association Nino Zambakhidze Cooperatives Association Georgian Agricultural Giorgi Zakaidze FINCA Bank Vusal Verdiyev Georgia Revenue Service Samson Uridia Toyota Caucasus LLC Tamar Tvildiani Gianti Logistics Antonina Tselovalnikova Georgia Revenue Service Irina Sigua Georgian Farmers Association Edvard Shermadini Globalink Logistics Group Manzoor Shah Oceannet Georgia Ltd. Levan Samanishvili Communications Commission Georgian National Katy Rekhviashvili Protection andAgriculture ofEnvironmentalMinistry Counsel) E.A.L.C. (Estelle AppiahLegislative Estelle Appiah ofFoodMinistry andAgriculture Felicia Ansah-Amprofi Water Resources Commission Ben Yaw Ampomah Development Center (IFDC) International Fertilizer Emmanuel K.M.Alognikou USAID Feed theFuture Maxwell Agbenorhevi Grimaldi GhanaLtd. John Acquah Grimaldi GhanaLtd. Solomon Ackom Food &DrugsAuthority (FDA) GHANA Ghana (SEEDPAG) Seed Producers Associationof Thomas Havor Charles Goh AGRA Dorothy Effa Climate Shipping&Trading Ras Afful Davis Darko, Keli-Delataa &Co. John Darko R.A. CodjoeLaw Offices Raymond Codjoe ShawbellConsulting Phyllis Christian Science andTechnology Kwame NkrumahUniversity of Emmanuel Y.H. Bobobee Ghana Private Transport Associationof Chris Baffour Awuah ShawbellConsulting Marilyn PriscillaBadger Tumffour Limited Kwadwo Anderson Asiedu Partnership (AFAP) African Fertilizer andAgribusiness Isaac Asare Ghana Private Transport Associationof Owusu Akyaw Asamoah Veterinary Services Directorate Mickey Aryee Kingsley Services Plant Protection andRegulatory Ernest OseiAssibey ofFoodMinistry andAgriculture Abdul Razak Okine Authority National Communications Emmanuel LarbiOffei University ofGhana Daniel Nukpezah Water Resources Commission Eric Muala ENSafrica Paa Kwesi Morrison Services M&B SeedsandAgricultural Benjamin Kwaku Kemetse Crown Transport &Logistics Ltd. Ghassan Husseini (MIRA) Representatives Association ImportersMachinery Savvas Balouktsis Zoetis Kyriaki Amantou (EKBY) Greek Biotope /Wetland Centre Eftychia Alexandridou Zepos &Yannopoulos Law Firm National BankofGreece EW Nutrition GREECE Theophilus Zottorgloh Limited Consolidated ShippingAgencies M.C. Vasnani Limited Consolidated ShippingAgencies Ebenezer Teye Agawu ShawbellConsulting Jane Tetteh Authority National Communications Victor Teppeh ofHighwayandRoadsMinistry Mabel Sagoe ofFoodMinistry andAgriculture George Prah Rebecca Toutouza KEPA-ANEM Neoklis Stamkos Athens National Technical University of Alexandros Psomas Incofruit-Hellas George Polychronakis Energy ofEnvironmentMinistry and Marianti Podimata Dimitra Panagidi and Food ofRuralMinistry Development Maria Oikonomou NOMOS Law Firm Mariya Nikolova Geodis Calberson SA Anthony Narlis Athens National Technical University of Maria Mimikou Scientia Legis Law Firm Margaropoulos &Associates - Nikolaos Margaropoulos Firm Ilias G.Anagnostopoulos Law Persa Lampropoulou Hellagrolip SA Theodora Kouloura Firm Karageorgiou &Associates Law Stavros Karageorgiou Olympias Marinos Kandylis (PEA) Panhellenic Exporters Association Effie Ioannou NOMOS Law Firm Constantinos Hadjiyannakis Genesis WorldTrans Spyros G.Pilios GEFRA George Frangistas Bayer AnimalHealth Gregory Bitzas Scientia Legis Law Firm Margaropoulos &Associates - Magdalini Tsilingeridou Companies Hellenic AssociationofInsurance Agropecuaria (OIRSA) Regional de Sanidad Organismo Internacional Lauriano Figueroa Centroamericanos (CATRANSCA) Cámara deTransportistas Héctor Fajardo FAO InvestmentCenter Fabrice Edouard Central Law José delaPeña Lawyer Elisa Colom All Logistics SA Caceros Marco Antonio Colindres QIL+4 Abogados Alejandro Cofiño Duwest Guatemala SA Ana Beatriz Clavería Samayoa Asociados Bufete Jurídico Castellanos & Venegas Wilber Estuardo Castellanos Carrillo &Asociados Génesis Burgos Carrillo &Asociados Axel Beteta Guatemala Academy ofSciences of Manuel Basterrechea All Logistics SA Enma Bachez Aragón &Aragón Pedro Aragón Jesús Alcázar Andrade Recursos Naturales Ministerio deAmbiente y Alvaro René Aceituno Ibañez Guatemala Superintendencia deBancos de Dirección General deTransportes Asociación Gremio Químico GUATEMALA Transport andNetworks ofInfrastructure,Ministry Anthanasios Vourdas Energy ofEnvironmentMinistry and Vasiliki MariaTzatzaki Técnica Universal SAGrupoTecun Ramiro López NoriegaHerver GmbH (GIZ) Internationale Zusammenarbeit Deutsche Gesellschaftfür Harald Himsel y Productividad Instituto Técnico deCapacitación Oscar Romilio Rojas Hernandez y Productividad Instituto Técnico deCapacitación Carlos Gordon Brown Ganadería yAlimentación Ministerio deAgricultura, Jorge MarioGómez Consultant Alejandro Girón Braghinolli Asesoría Técnica enAduanaSA Giovanni García Montoya Cargill Paula Vazquez MariaReynoso SA Columna CompañíadeSeguros Delorean Randich Eguizabal (ASOPRAE) Agropecuarios deEstanzuela Asociación deProductores Emerio Portillo Congreso delaRepública Juan JoséPorras Castillo GmbH (GIZ) Internationale Zusammenarbeit Deutsche Gesellschaftfür Hugo Pivaral Ganadería yAlimentación Ministerio deAgricultura, María Eugenia Paz Díaz MSD AnimalHealth Ana Padilla Bufete Olivero SA Stefano Olivero Cooperatives National Federation ofFinancial Oswaldo Oliva Instituciones deSeguros (AGIS) Asociación Guatemalteca de Roberto EnriqueMurilloCrespo José Antonio Medrano Mayén CPS Logistics Marco Antonio Martinez Marroquín Pérez &AsociadosSC Pemueller Maria Mercedes Marroquín de Mamadou SaliouBaldé Georges Assevi GUINEA Pacheco Coto Elmer Vargas ARTLEX -Attorneys-at-Law Enrique Toledo-Fernandez ARTLEX -Attorneys-at-Law Enrique Toledo-Cotera y Productividad Instituto Técnico deCapacitación Mario Nestor SubuyucChuy Agexport Ricardo Santa CruzRubi CGW Luis Alfonso Ruano Agronomique deGuinée(IRAG) Institut deRecherche Tamba MaximKamano Bolloré Logistics Morike Kaba Lanala Assurances Bernard Goumou Ministère del’Agriculture Jean-Luc Faber Guinée Ecologie Muhammad Yaya Diallo Guinée (CNOP-G) Organisations Paysannes de Confédération Nationaledes Moussa Diallo Entreprise TidianeAgriculture Amadou TidianeDiallo Entreprise Dakité et Frère Moussa Diakité Ministère del’Agriculture Ousmane Diakite Topaz Multi-IndustriesSARL Eric BenjaminColle Maersk Logistics SA Ismaila Camara l’Hydraulique Ministère del’Energie et CamaraIbrahima Sory Agronomique deGuinée(IRAG) Institut deRecherche Famoï Beavogui l’Urbanisme et Habitat Ministère delaConstruction, 103 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 104 Experts Développement Rural Ressources Naturelles et du Ministère del’Agriculture, des Jean Frisner Clerveus Commerce Agricole SA Jean MichelCherubin Cabinet Lissade Larissa Bogat Cabinet Lissade Michelle Bien-Aimé ADEKO Enterprises Marc KinsonAntoine Northwater Consulting James K.Adamson Truck OutServices Jecslo International Darbouco 121 Consulting HAITI Afrimarine SARL Ibrahim Sow KBS Guinee Youssouf Soumahoro Thiam &Associés Joël Sanon Topographiques Bureau desTravaux David Sandouno (FUPROCOV) Producteurs deCoton et Vivriers Fédérations Unionsdes Alsény Marega Agronomique deGuinée(IRAG) Institut deRecherche Karinka Magassouba Etude Légale Labilé &Associés Aimé Christophe LabiléKoné Privés Promotion desInvestissements APIP Guinée-Agence de Hann Dienaba Keita Privés Promotion desInvestissements APIP Guinée-Agence de Diawara Karamokoba Développement Rural Ressources Naturelles et du Ministère del’Agriculture, des Matino Desauguste D’Adesky ImportExportSA Diggan d’Adesky Agroalimentaria NacionaldeSanidad Servicio Carlos Almendares Ordoñez Transcoma Vanessa Aguilera Transcoma Olvin Aguilera Transcoma Edward Aguilera Transcoma Daniel Aguilera BLP Abogados Karla Aguilar Cargill HONDURAS Développement Rural Ressources Naturelles et du Ministère del’Agriculture, des Blaise Vely Vandal &Vandal Jean Vandal Automeca Didier Toledano Independent Consultant Serge DavidTelfort Cabinet Lissade Salim Succar Cabinet Sales Jean-Frédéric Salès Rezodlo SA Pierre-Yves Rochat CariFresh SA Cassandra Reimers FAO Aloys Nizigiyimana Air Courrier&Shipping Joel Nexil Juris Excel Cabinet d’Avocats Frantz GabrielNerette Cabinet Lissade Christopher Khawly Développement Rural Ressources 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Akshay Dixit Ashok Dhingra Associates Ashok Dhingra Advocate Yashodeep Deshmukh Pradeep Deshmukh NHD Forwarders Ltd. Pvt. Nimish Desai NHD Forwarders Ltd. Pvt. Jay Desai OffshoreArya ServicesLtd. Pvt. Rajesh Dere ALBIEA Neelesh Datir Ltd.Cargill IndiaPvt. Deepak Bhosale Trilegal Ashish Bhan Fox Mandal&Associates Ramaswamy Balasubramanian Syngenta IndiaLtd. Seetharam Annadana Adhikar Microfinance Ltd. Pvt. Mohammad NooruddinAmin House Jawarharlal NehruCustoms Subhash Agrawal Nagarkot Forwarders Ltd. Pvt. Saloni Agrawal Nagarkot Forwarders Ltd. Pvt. Omprakash Agrawal Indialaw LLP Priyanka Aand Herbal Products Shree GayatriOrganic and SGS India Labs Geo-Chem INDIA & Co. Himatlal Tribhovandas Shah Rajesh Gosalia Sylvester Forwarders Ltd. Pvt. Mark Fernandes ALBIEA Jayyannt Lappssia Pushkara Logistic SolutionsLLP Harsh Lappssia CTC AirCarriers PLtd. Vikram Kumar Advocate Shaishav Shaishav Kumar House Jawarharlal NehruCustoms Rupak Kumar Poovayya &Co. Rohan Kumar Drinking Water Expert Ravindra Kumar Producers Federation Limited Bihar State Milk Co-operative Rajesh Kumar Pankaj Kumar MSD AnimalHealth Rakhshanda R.Kokje Mahindra &Mahindra Ltd. Kislay Kishor Phoenix Legal Prageeyaa Khanna Services Limited (NCML) National Collateral Management Sanjay Kaul Yara Sanjiv Kanwar Consultants Fortune Legal Advocates &Legal Parmod Kalirana Economic Laws Practice (ELP) Aakanksha Joshi Sheva) Mumbai Customs Zone -II(Nhava Vivek Johri Ltd.Johari Stonex IndustriesPvt. Dharmendra Johari Brus Chambers Shrikant Hathi Congress All IndiaMotor Transport Naveen Kumar Gupta Brus Chambers Monika Gothankar India National SeedAssociationof Kalyan Goswami International Lawyers Saurabh Misra &Associates, Saurabh Misra Neo Multimedian Shivani Mishra Neo Multimedian Sharad Mishra Pradeep Traders Vikas Mehta J. SagarAssociates Sandeep Mehta Consultants Fortune Legal Advocates &Legal Pankaj Mehta Fox Mandal&Associates Shuva Mandal Zoetis Smita Mahajan Rural Development National Bankfor Agriculture and K.R. Rao Private Limited Louis Dreyfus CompanyIndia R.K. Raman M.V. Kini &Co. Akansha Rajeev Coromandel Ravi Prasad Patnaik Associates Avijit Patnaik Gokul MilkUnion Plant, Shri MahalaxmiCattleFeed Vilas Patil Jalgaon MilkUnion Mangesh Patil Shri BahubaliTransport Mahesh Patil Rural Development National Bankfor Agriculture and Shankar Pande Indialaw LLP Shiju P. V. Consultant Tariq NisamuddinKhan Ltd.Savannah SeedsPvt. Manisha Negi Trilegal Swati Narnaulia Juris Corp Avikshit Moral RPS Logistics Paresh Shah Private Limited Louis Dreyfus CompanyIndia Mitesh Shah Ltd.Pvt. Louis Dreyfus CommoditiesIndia Vivek Saraswat Sharon Entrprises Sonal Ruparel Hiren Ruparel Customs Central Board ofExcise & Zubair Rias M.V. Kini&Co. Els Reynaers Rural Development National Bankfor Agriculture and A.K. Raybarman Consultants Fortune Legal Advocates &Legal Shweta Soni Singhania &Co. Krishan Gopal Singhania (AMMA-India) Manufacturers Association Agricultural Machinery Surendra Singh GST Audit Commissionerate Subodh Singh Sona Transport Private Limited Sonpal Singh Phoenix Legal Sawant Singh House Jawarharlal NehruCustoms Chanderpal Singh OffshoreArya ServicesLtd. Pvt. D.K. Shrivastava Economic Laws Practice (ELP) M. Shivraman Limited Eaton IndustrialSystems Private Ashutosh Shingate Pankaj Sherasia Goswami &Associates Ahmad Shazeb Anant Industries Richa Shah Juris Corp Prasham Shah 105 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 106 Experts Services Bridgeway Shipping&Clearing Deepak John Francis Janno ofAgricultureMinistry Samir Hassan ofAgricultureMinistry Hamid Hadwan FAO Iraq Fadel El-Zubi Asiacell Saman Bojan Waterkeepers Iraq Anna Bachmann Ahmed Aljameed Iraq Central Bank Jinan Al-Beiruti Production Ltd. and Concentrated Minerals Baghdad Companyfor Vitamins Abdulrahman Aboud ofAgricultureMinistry Abdulkadar Abbas Supplies State Companyfor Agricultural IRAQ House Jawarharlal NehruCustoms Monika Yadav Sachin Warghade Patna Legal Services Jayant Kishore Verma Gateway Rail Fright Limited Prakash Veer Tyagi Mukesh C.Thakkar Poovayya &Co. Karishma Sundara Cooperative Banks(NAFSCOB) National Federation ofState Bhima Subrahmanyam Elanco AnimalHealth Manoj Sood ADIB Company Zaid Mahdi Nakd Khamis MSD AnimalHealth Yasser Khalid Manufacturers Federation) Agricultural Machinery FederUNACOMA (Italian EW Nutrition Elanco AnimalHealth Assomela ITALY Arthur Cox Deborah Spence Arthur Cox Yvonne Scannell and theMarine Department ofAgriculture, Food Niall Ryan A&L Goodbody Alan Roberts GroupArvum Roy Power McCann FitzGerald Sinéad Martyn Ronan DalyJermyn Rhoda Jennings A&L Goodbody Emma Glynn and theMarine Department ofAgriculture, Food Con Collis IRELAND Waterkeepers Iraq Virginia Tice ofAgricultureMinistry Firas Rasheed Certification (SBSTC) State Board for SeedTesting and Mohammed Z.Raouf Certification (SBSTC) State Board for SeedTesting and Afaf Nasseer BCC Logistics Ahmed Naguib Waterkeepers Iraq Nabil Musa Al Mozan CompaniesGroup Khalid Mozan Saad Mohammad Usman AzizMir Il Punto Real Estate Advisor Antonio Campagnoli Trasportatori diGenova Spedizionieri Corrierie Spediporto -Associazione Giampaolo Botta Legale Macchi diCellere GangemiStudio Antonio Bondesani Megaris Ltd. Renato Benintendi Megaris Ltd. Fabiana Benintendi Piselli &Partners Ugo Altomare EURAC Research Mariachiara Alberton Fondazione Grameen Italia Ashurst LLP Studio Legale Associato ad Elena Giuffrè Baker &McKenzieItaly Raffaele Giarda Legale Macchi diCellere GangemiStudio Jacopo Gasperi AGCOM Davide Gallino Emilia-Romagna Region Bonicelli Francesco Università degliStudi delMolise Antonio Fici Legale Macchi diCellere GangemiStudio Marialuigia DiVincenzo Ceva Santé Animale Flavio Cozzi Assosementi Stefano Conti Ashurst LLP Studio Legale Associato ad Da SolChoi Movimento Terra (IMAMOTER) Istituto perleMacchine Agricole e Eugenio Cavallo & Partners Gianni, Origoni,Grippo, Cappelli Antonella Capria Sapienza University ofRome Federico Caporale Marco Mancinelli Simmons &LLP Simone Lucatello Monopoli Agenzia DelleDoganeEDei Claudia Lo Cicero Assosementi Alberto Lipparini Agricultural Machines(ENAMA) European Network for Testing of Sandro Liberatori Legale Macchi diCellere GangemiStudio Marisella LaForgia Ashurst LLP Studio Legale Associato ad Pamela Infantino MSD AnimalHealth Luciano Gobbi Piselli &Partners Ioana Pricopi Professionals (AIPSS) Italian AssociationofRoad Safety Carlo Polidori Piselli &Partners Pierluigi Piselli Ashurst LLP Studio Legale Associato ad Annamaria Pinzuti White &CaseLLP Alessandro Piga Ashurst LLP Studio Legale Associato ad Federica Periale Eptalex Jglegal Gabriella Opromolla & Partners Gianni, Origoni,Grippo, Cappelli Guido Oggionni Simmons &LLP Maria GiusyNaccarato Simmons &LLP Michelangelo Morcavallo Pavia eAnsaldo Luca Montolivo & Partners Gianni, Origoni,Grippo, Cappelli Luna MariaMignosa University ofUdine Antonio Massarutto Iccrea Banca Impresa SPA Khaled Abulaila Extension (NCARE) Agricultural Research and The NationalCenter for Wafaa AbuHammour Jordan Tractor &EquipmentCo. Emad AbuBaker Provimi Jordan Naema Abdullah Raed AbdalQader JORDAN Central Green CompanyLimited Daichi Watanabe Nishimura &Asahi Ryoji Moroi White &CaseLLP William Moran Nagashima Ohno&Tsunematsu Kiyoshi Honda and Fisheries(MAFF) ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry (FAMIC)Inspection Agency Food andAgricultural Materials JAPAN Nicola Zanotelli Legale Macchi diCellere GangemiStudio Ilaria Vecchiarino Dentons Federico Vanetti Lawyer Svitlana Stepaniuk & Partners Gianni, Origoni,Grippo, Cappelli Edward Ruggeri APL SRL Davide Rossini Raynaud Studio Legale Daniele Raynaud Sperimentale delMezzogiorno lstituto Zooprofilattico Yolande Therese Rose Proroga Extension (NCARE) Agricultural Research and The NationalCenter for Abeer Aburumman Transfer (NCARTT) Research andTechnology National Center for Agricultural Water Authority ofJordan Iyad Dahiyat with Eversheds Sutherland Sanad Law Group inassociation Jawaher BinTalal ofAgricultureMinistry Kholoud Aranki Agriculture ManagementFund Mohammad AqeelAlAwaideh Arbitration Amosh Legal Services & Ibrahem Amosh Arbitration Amosh Legal Services & Bashar I.Amosh ofAgricultureMinistry Eman Alzaben ofAgricultureMinistry Khaled Al-Talafih ofAgricultureMinistry Hazim Al-Smadi Jerash Private University Jamal Alrusheidat with Eversheds Sutherland Sanad Law Group inassociation Dana Al-Mubaidin Aisha Al-Marafi Aljazy &Co. Ibrahim M.H.Aljazy Ashraf Alja’fari ofAgricultureMinistry Nour Al-Habahbeh ofAgricultureMinistry Nada Al-Frihat Corp International Ferti Technology Mohammad Al-Bess ofAgricultureMinistry Emad Alawad Jordan Customs Ahmad Alalem Technology Jordan University ofScience and Munir AlRusan Barcelona Seeds Raed AlQatanani Maltrans ShippingAgenciesCo. Shadi AlKhatib ofAgricultureMinistry Ahmad Akour Zoetis Abdallah Sallam Arab Potash Company Jafar Salem Jordan Customs Wesam Said Arch GlobalLogistics Mahmoud Ibrahim Odeh Jordan Tractor &EquipmentCo. Hazem Momani Belal Malaolein Kawar Transport &Transit Kargo Basel Kawar German Jordanian University Muna Hindiyeh Central BankofJordan Ziad A.Ghanma Meirambek Karazhigitov Kazakhstan (KAZATO) Carriers oftheRepublic of Union ofInternational Road Teodor Kaplan Caspian University Salavat Dilmukhametov Microfinance Organization KMF Oxana Bukhtiyarova Kinstellar Joel Benjamin Double Trans Oksana Avdeyeva MUGAN Ilgar Agalar Dugali Abenov AlemAgro Ltd. Amangeldy Abdykadyrov Unicase Law Firm National BankofKazakhstan Communications ofInformationMinistry and Baker &McKenzieCIS,Limited Alemvet KAZAKHSTAN Extension (NCARE) Agricultural Research and The NationalCenter for Yahya Shakhatreh Baitursynov Kostanay State University A. Almabek Nugmanov KazAzot LLP Takhmina Nagumanova DHL International Kazakhstan Murat Moldashev Agro Star Grain LLC Oleg Kunayev Associations) and Logistics Companiesand Kazlogistics (UnionofTransport Sabyr Kulyshov Kinstellar Erbol Konarbaev Kaz InvestSoya Ltd. Valeriy Kleibaum ofNationalEconomyMinistry Madina Kazhimova Kazphosphate LLC Darhan Zekenov Panalpina WorldTransport LLP Marina Yudina Microfinance Organization KMF Asem Yegizbekova ofAgricultureMinistry Arman Utegulov TL Consulting Askar Tulkiev Alimor Corporation Ornar A.Tuleubaev AlemAgro Ltd. Anton Tolmachyov Linkage &MindLLP Saida Shukurova Kcell JSC Irina Shol Kazakhstan Logistics Service Gennady Shestakov AgroImpex LLC Anatoliy Shakirzhanov National Freight Forwarders Association ofKazakhstan Muhambet Sambetov Kazakhstan (KAZATO) Carriers oftheRepublic of Union ofInternational Road Dinara Saktaganova Kar-Tel LLC Dulat Orazalinov 107 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 108 Experts Isaac Kalua Service (KEPHIS) Kenya PlantHealthInspectorate Gentrix Juma Kenya) Coulson Harney LLP(Bowmans Dominic Indokhomi Kenya) Coulson Harney LLP(Bowmans Richard Harney Hamilton Harrison&Mathews Ruth NjeriGitau Ariya Leasing Limited Stephen Gatama Kenya) Coulson Harney LLP(Bowmans Philip Coulson University ofEldoret Michael Chelulei Agriculture andTechnology Jomo Kenyatta University Bwisa Henry Service (KEPHIS) Kenya PlantHealthInspectorate Emmanuel Bore Kenya Tea Development Agency John Bett Kenya Revenue Authority Simon B.Luseno SDV Transami Philip Aluku HM ClauseKenyaLimited Sebastian Alix Advanta SeedInternational Asfaw Ageru Hamilton Harrison&Mathews Nafysa Adam The Central BankofKenya Panafrican EquipmentLtd. One Acre Fund KENYA Panalpina WorldTransport LLP Alim Zhabelov Hamilton Harrison &Mathews Adil Khawaja BankKenya Co-operative Esther Kariuki Honda Motorcycle KenyaLtd. Hello Tractor Jehiel Oliver Chemagro International Limited Ogola Henry ofHealth Ministry Elly Obonyo Kenya) Coulson Harney LLP(Bowmans Benedict Nzioki Gikera &Vadgama Advocates Michael Njuguna Simlaw Seeds Michael Ngugi Advocates Waruhiu K’owade &Ng’ang’a Mbage Ng’ang’a Service (KEPHIS) Kenya PlantHealthInspectorate Faith Ndunge B.M. Musau&Co. Advocates Mark Ndung’u B.M. Musau&Co. Advocates Susan Mutinda Kenya) Coulson Harney LLP(Bowmans Irene Muthoni Zoetis Jane Munga Ruman Shipcontractors Limited Mansoor A.Mohamed James Mbwika Manufacturers (AKEFEMA) Association ofKenyaFeed Mbugua Humphrey Hamilton Harrison&Mathews Sally Maling’a Service (KEPHIS) Kenya PlantHealthInspectorate Isaac Macharia Mark Lavi LLP Mark Lavi Advocates Waruhiu K’owade &Ng’ang’a John Kung’u Siginon Group Meshack T. Kipturgo Service (KEPHIS) Kenya PlantHealthInspectorate Esther Kimani Siginon Group Timothy Kiman Kenya) Coulson Harney LLP(Bowmans John Syekei Kenya Water Institute Leunita AsandeSumba Kenya Tea Development Agency Alex Semutwa Chemagro International Limited Lily Sego Kenya Water Institute Stella Rotich and Fisheries ofAgriculture,Ministry Livestock Edwin Oseko University ofNairobi Tony Osambo Hospital Defence Forces Memorial Grace Akech Ongaro Tong Yang Moolsan Youngsun Kang Hanaro TNS Haeng ChangJung Anguk Law Offices Heechan Jeong Center Association (KITA), Jeonbuk Korea International Trade Sungchul Hwang Korea Customs Service Ji-Sang Hur ALBIEA Neelesh Datir Research Institute Korea Expressway Corporation Yoon-Hyuk Choi Zoetis Hyeon A.Cho ofScienceMinistry andICT Daecheong ShippingCo. Ltd. KOREA, REP. Bayer AnimalHealth Douglas Weru (KENTRADE) Kenya Trade Network Agency Evelyn Wamae Mercy Wairua Gikera &Vadgama Advocates Punit Vadgama Korea Rural Community Sung-Hee Lee Administration Rural Development Kyoung-won Lee Kim &Chang Ji MinLee Kim &Chang James Lee Hanaro TNS Seong Won(David)Kim Lee &Ko Sangmin Kim Seoul NationalUniversity Kyeong UkKim Transfer (FACT) Technololgy Commercialization & Foundation ofAgricultural Keetaek Kim Agrokhimiya LLC Artykbay Abdivaliev State Communications Agency Communications ofTransportMinistry and Bai Tushum Bank KYRGYZ REPUBLIC Korea Customs Service Jae-Yoon Yoon Association Korea Road &Transportation Insoo Yeo Association Korea Road &Transportation Io Song Yulchon LLC Doil Son Lee &Ko Tong KeunSeol Lee &Ko Zyka Ryu Lee &Ko Keum SubPark Yulchon LLC Jeong-Kwan Park Syngenta Hee Young Park Samsung C&T Stanislav Pak Corporation (KRC) Kanat Mukanov Sapat-Prom LLC Ruslan Mambetov GRATA Law Firm Nurlan Kyshtobaev Commercial BankKyrgyzstan Dastan Kurmanbaev Joldoshbek Kasymbekov Republic National BankoftheKyrgyz Nurzada Japarkulova Seed AssociationofKyrgyzstan Abdul HakimIslamov Ulita LLC Vasiliy Gorbachev Lorenz International Law Firm Chynara Esengeldieva Lorenz International Law Firm Samara Dumanaeva Republic National BankoftheKyrgyz Nurgul Djunushalieva Centil Law Firm Kerim Begaliev Republic National BankoftheKyrgyz Aigul Bakesarieva Kyrgyzstan Association Lawyers of Jenishbek Arzymatov Republic National BankoftheKyrgyz Meerim Almanbetova Melioration ofAgricultureMinistry and Almaz Alakunov Republic National BankoftheKyrgyz Ayganysh Akieva Melioration ofAgricultureMinistry and Makhmira Akhmetova GRATA Law Firm Meder Akeneev AVEP PublicFund Maksat Abdykaparov Republic National Bankofthe Kyrgyz Begymai Musabaeva Lorenz International Law Firm Umtul Murat kyzy Kyrgyztelecom Lao Law &Consultancy Group Siri Boutdakham Research Institute (NAFRI) National Agriculture andForestry Chay Bounphanousay Research Institute (NAFRI) National Agriculture andForestry Bounthong Bouahom Services Myanmar ThanlwinLegal Sandip Bhosale Association (SAEDA) Environment Development Sustainable Agriculture and Anousone Bandavong Allianz General Laos Guy Apovy Tilleke &GibbinsLao Co., Ltd. Bank oftheLao PDR LAO PDR Audit Plus Gulnara Uskenbaeva International BusinessCouncil Aktilek Tungatarov CJSC Atrium Holding Baktybek Tumonbaev University ofCentral Asia Kanat Tilekeyev Lorenz International Law Firm Jibek Tenizbaeva State SeedTesting Agency Dmitri Ten Foreign Investors Association Iskender Sharsheyev Kyrgyzstan Freight Operators Associationof Temirbek Shabdanaliev Independent Expert Ekaterina Sakhvaeva Protection andForestry State onEnvironment Agency Asel Raimkulova Centil Law Firm Aziza Palte Melioration ofAgricultureMinistry and Adyl Nurbaev CJSC Atrium Holding Iskander Nazarkulov Telecommunications ofPostMinistry and Xayluxa Insisiengmay VDB Loi Daodeuane Duangdara Telecommunications ofPostMinistry and Monesili Douangmany Institute International Rice Research Siriphone Chanthala Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and Somphanh Chanphengxai Agroforex Company Francis Chagnaud Transport ofPublicWorksand Ministry Vilaysack Boutsamaly Lao Microfinance Association Pamouane Phetthany Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and Sengchanh Phetkhounluang Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and Phanpradith Phandara Commerce and Industry Lao NationalChamberof Daovone Phachanthavong Ltd. Hung Huang(Lao) Logistics Co., Khamphet Nanthavong Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and Sisouphanh Nakasene Saffron Coffee Todd Moore ACLEDA BankLao Ltd. Mekhala Khotpanya Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and Thongsavanh Keonakhone VDB Loi Souknilanh Keolakhone RMA Group Phanmaly Kensoulin VDB Loi Bounlay Kangmanivanh Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and Phouth Inthavong Transport ofPublicWorksand Ministry Phanthaphap Phounsavath Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and Yatkeo Phoumidalyvanh Environment ofNaturalMinistry Resources and Sonephet Phosalath Commerce andIndustry Lao NationalChamberof Phutthasone Phomvisay Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and Sittiphone Phommasak Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and Kinnaly Phommasack EXIM CompanyLimited Anousak Philangam VDB Loi Meckhala Vilivong VDB Loi Khammanh Vathanaphone Rajah &Tann Suntisouk Vandala Commerce and Industry Lao NationalChamberof Phouxay Thepphavong ACLEDA BankLao Ltd. Hay Svay Telecommunications ofPostMinistry and Sipaseuth Suvlath VDB Loi Ting Sounthavong Allianz General Laos Thavone Souliyavong Transport ofPublicWorksand Ministry Sonephet Somekhit Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and Douangchanh Sirivongsa Lao Customs Department Canda Sinpaseuth Societe Mixte deTransport (SMT) Prachith Sayavong Allianz General Laos Khonsavanh Sayasenh ACLEDA BankLao Ltd. Outo Saechow 109 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 110 Experts Ministry ofAgricultureMinistry Roland Partu Varkpeh ofAgricultureMinistry Olivier B.Teekpeh Authority Liberia Telecommunications Michael Taplah ofAgricultureMinistry Gregory Taplah Authority Liberia Telecommunications Kolubahzizi T. Howard ofAgricultureMinistry Garmonyou A.Sam Liberia Revenue Authority Department ofCustoms ofthe Saa Saamoi ofAgricultureMinistry James T. Moore Regulatory Authority (LACRA) Liberia Agriculture Commodity Kenneth Kafumba Bolloré Africa Logistics Nyantee B.Jeh Farmers UnionNetwork ofLiberia Josephine Francis ofAgricultureMinistry Augustus B.G.Fahnbulleh FedEx N.Brunson Henry Express HandlingServices Arthur Abdulai LIBERIA Research Institute (NAFRI) National Agriculture andForestry Phetmaniseng Xangsayasane EXIM CompanyLimited Xaysana Xaiyalath Forestry ofAgricultureMinistry and Soulivanh Voravong Institute International Rice Research Jerome Villanueva Agency Cooperative Development Harris Wennie Rural l’Assainissement et duGénie Centre Nationaldel’Eau, Hajariaine Rabeharsoa Fanomezana Madagascar Bolloré Africa Logistics Yves Duchateau Girofle deMadagascar Groupement desExportateurs de Jean Luc Dama Lexel Juridique&Fiscal Jean Christophe Vincent Babet Direction duGénieRural Rakotonarivo Andrianandrasana Banque Centrale deMadagascar Prosper Andrianaimalaza (ARTEC) Technologies deCommunication Autorité deRégulation des Vero Andriamihaja Mihaja Transit Eva Andriamihaja InternationalConservation Luciano Andriamaro ArBiochem Rivo Andriamanalina International Madagascar Conseil Direction Générale desDouanes Madagascar l’Entreprise Privée(ACEP) Agence deCrédit pour MADAGASCAR State PlantService Rasa Žitkuvienė Agriculture andForestry Lithuanian Research Centre for Vytautas Ruzgas State PlantService Rasa Rimkute JSC DOJUS agro Edgaras Matulionis State PlantService Arūnas Dereškevičius Ellex Valiūnas Law Firm Ema Būtėnienė LITHUANIA (ARTEC) Technologies deCommunication Autorité deRégulation des Franck Maherisoa Rabanoson Végétaux Direction delaProtection des Desire Rabakoarijao Mad Spices Ravelomanatsoa OdonBertrand l’Elevage Ministère del’Agriculture et de Saholy Ramiliarijaona Nomenjanahary Vétérinaires Institut MalgachedesVaccins Josoa L.H.Rakotosamimanana (ARTEC) Technologies deCommunication Autorité deRégulation des Hasina Kante l’Elevage Ministère del’Agriculture et de Bettelhein Ramahefasoa (ARTEC) Technologies deCommunication Autorité de Régulation des Nandrianina Ralambonahary Agrivet Mirana Rakotovelo Lexel Juridique&Fiscal Onja Rakotondrabe (ARTEC) Technologies deCommunication Autorité deRégulation des Longin Rakotoarivelo Agrivet Henri Rakotoarisoa Freight Line Rivo Rajoelisolo InternationalConservation Sahondra Rajoelina Crédit Agricole Mutuels Coopératives d’Epargne et de José Serge Rajaonarison Madagascar Bolloré Africa Logistics Pierrette Rajaonarisoa Végétaux Direction delaProtection des Marie Dorice Rahelimanerasoa MaterAuto Solofo Rabezanahary Végétaux Direction delaProtection des L. Rabemiafara des Plants(APROSEM) Professionnels desSemences et Association Malgachedes Eddy Randrianatsimbazafy Telma MalagasySA Randrianarivony Mendrika Oelina - FOFIFA Research inRural Development National Center for Applied Roger Randrianarivelo Finance Inclusive Coordination Nationaledela Ramanarivosoa Tiana HarivololonaRamparny Lexel Juridique&Fiscal Aviva Ramanitra Semences Service OfficieldeContrôle des Jeannick Ramanandraivonona Lilongwe Water Board Alfonso Chikuni Sukambizi AssociationTrust Austin Changazi Alliance Freight Services Limited Everson Bandawe and Water Development ofAgriculture,Ministry Irrigation Peter B.C.Banda James Finlay(Blantyre) Ltd. Chipulumutso Bakali One Acre Fund MALAWI l’Elevage Ministère del’Agriculture et de Tharsile Zafindrafenoarivo Rural l’Assainissement et duGénie Centre Nationaldel’Eau, Andriamady Rondromahele GasyNet Lisiniaina Razafindrakoto Lexel Juridique&Fiscal Tafita Ratsimba Lexel Juridique&Fiscal Laingo Ratrimoson WaterAid Lovy Rasolofomanana John W. Ffooks &Co. Lydia Rasoanirina Reserve Bank of Malawi Khumbo Mtalika Reserve BankofMalawi Fraser Mdwazika Research Services Department ofAgricultural Elisa D.L.Mazuma Research Services Department ofAgricultural Tonny HarrisMaulana Christina Malawi Research Services Department ofAgricultural Wilkson Makumba Implements Ltd. ETC Agro Tractors and Madhu Madaka Station Chitedze Agricultural Research Hendrex Wycliffe Kazembe-Phiri Department ofWater Resources and Water Development, ofAgriculture,Ministry Irrigation KamtukuleSydney Research Services Department ofAgricultural David Kamangira Spine Cargo Co. Griffin Kamanga Peacock Seeds Felix E.Jumbe Research Services Department ofAgricultural Doctor Igondwe Mzuzu University Brighton Chunga Telekom Networks Malawi Pilirani Chuma and Water Development ofAgriculture,Ministry Irrigation William Chipeta Reserve BankofMalawi George Chioza Legal AidBureau Patrick MphatsoChinguwo Savjani &Co. Ricky Chingota Reserve BankofMalawi Fund Mzama and Water Development ofAgriculture,Ministry Irrigation Oswald Mwamusamali Council Malaysian NationalShippers Dato’ Dr. Ir. AndyK.H.Seo Behn Meyer Agricare (M)Sdn.Bhd Albert Heng Titimas Logistics SdnBhd Muhammad ArifHarinder ALBIEA Neelesh Datir Association ofMalaysia(AFAM) Air Freight Forwarders Walter Culas Green WorldGenetics Kim AikChua North Port (Malaysia)Bhd Chin Long Chong Sincere Shipping&Forwarding Tony Chia Tay &Partners Hong Yun Chang Bhd Freight Transport Network Sdn KC Chan (MARDI) and Development Institute Malaysia Agricultural Research Mohd Taufik BinAhmad Wong &Partners Faez AbdulRazak (MARDI) and Development Institute Malaysia Agricultural Research Rohazrin AbdRani North Port (Malaysia)Bhd Axiata Group Berhad MALAYSIA Works ofTransportMinistry andPublic Sandula Andrew Regulatory Authority (MACRA) Malawi Communications NyirendaAndrew and Water Development ofAgriculture,Ministry Irrigation Gilson Njunga BVM Enterprises Poya Njoka Savjani &Co. Davis Njobvu Ministry ofAgricultureMinistry andAgro- Sri Ikarostika Rahayu Md.Ghazi University ofMalaya Kalavathy Maruthavanar Shearn Delamore &Co. Lui Krystle Skrine Janet Looi LaiHeng Bumi-Marine ShippingSdnBhd Chea HeeLoo Wong &Partners Mark Lim Bayer AnimalHealth YiingLee Huey Ceva Santé Animale Ping YinKuan Shearn Delamore &Co. Christina Kow Douanes Maliennes Aly Coulibaly Cheickna BounajimCissé AgriProFocus Oudou Bengaly Société Fruitière BougouniSA Abou Bemgaly Group KfW Fafré Bagayoko MALI Bayer AnimalHealth Ming ShiangYee Titimas Logistics SdnBhd Yeoh KengYao Bhd Mercury Express Logistics Sdn T. Y. Wong Skrine Ebbie Wong ofMalaysia(ACCCIM)Industry Chambers ofCommerce and The Associated Chinese Kenneth Tiong Azmi &Associates Philip Teoh Equatorial Logistics Sdn Bhd. Wai KeongTeh (MyWP) Malaysian Water Partnership Hanapi MohamadNoor Based Industry Orange Mali Bakara MadyDiallo SCS International Moussa SyvlainDiakité Alimentaire de laPêche et delaSécurité Rural chargé del’Élevage, Ministère duDéveloppement Tièmakan Diakite Afrilog Mamadou Diagne Bamako Juridiques et Politiques de Université desSciences Mohamed Coulibaly Alimentaire de laPêche et delaSécurité Rural chargé del’Élevage, Ministère duDéveloppement Drissa Coulibaly Société Semencière Nakoshi Soumaïla Maïga Alimentaire de laPêche et dela Sécurité Rural chargé del’Élevage, Ministère du Développement Mama Koné Alimentaire de laPêche et delaSécurité Rural chargé del’Élevage, Ministère duDéveloppement Hamidou Konare Keita Cabinet d’Avocats MeFamoussa Famoussa Keita Mali Protection desCultures Cédric Kambou Wetlands International Abdouramane DjiboGado Socimex SARL Doumbia Bakary Mali Protection desCultures Messotigui Diomande des Postes (AMRTP) des Télécommunications/TIC et Autorité MaliennedeRégulation DiarraSeydou l’Agriculture (DNA) Direction Nationalede Dramane Diarra des Postes (AMRTP) des Télécommunications/TIC et Autorité MaliennedeRégulation Lamine MahamadouDiallo 111 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 112 Experts Leopoldo Burguete-Stanek La Huerta Isabel Beltran Foliego José CarlosBautista González Miranda &Estavillo SC Carolina Ramos Ballesteros Basham, RingeyCorrea SC Mariana Arrieta Maza SC Ritch, Mueller, HeatheryNicolau Ana Paulina Arenas Espinosa Standard Go José ManuelArce Ruíz Asociación Mexicana deAgentes Miguel Andrade Gómez Lapisa, SAdeCV Adriana Beatriz Álvarez Pérez Castillo SC González Luna yAlvarez del Joaquín Alvarez delCastillo Jesús Alcázar Andrade Acedo Santamarina SC Andrés Acedo Pesca yAlimentación (SAGARPA) Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Secretaría deAgricultura, (CONAFAB) y delaNutriciónAnimal,AC de Alimentos Balanceados Consejo NacionaldeFabricantes Celis AguilarÁlvarez yAsociados Mexico Cargill MEXICO Bolloré Africa Logistics Baba Traore Mali Protection desCultures Moussa Tekete Coton Africains (AProCA) Association desProducteurs de Youssouf DjiméSidibe Collaborateurs Cabinet d’Avocats Nassar et Eric Nassar Abogados Counselors International Acuña Sergio BenjaminBustamante González CalvilloSC Instituto Mexicano delTransporte GonzálezNadia Gómez SC Ritch, Mueller, HeatheryNicolau Alessandra Gaytán VIRBAC Raquel García Rafael Gamboa González BGBG Abogados Miguel Gallardo Guerra Galicia AbogadosSC Manuel Galicia Comercializadora GAB,SADECV Claudia Eva Galarza Aizcorbe Zoetis Rogelio Flores López García CanoAbogados SC Arturo Flores Latinoamérica Programa Feed &Food Seguro Flavia Ferreira deCastro Basham, RingeyCorrea SC Ricardo Evangelista García Bufete Internacional Miguel Espitia Acedo Santamarina SC Juan Fernando EspinosaDurán de CV Grupo Mexicano deSeguros SA Hector Espinosa Banco deMéxico Alan Elizondo BGBG Abogados David Duran Molina BGBG Abogados Carlos J. DíazSobrino Banco deMéxico Héctor DesentisMontalbán Agroalimentaria (SENASICA) Sanidad, InocuidadyCalidad Nacionalde Servicio Gerardo CruzGalan Intercontinental Network Services Ernesto Chávez Cervantes SainzAbogados Luis A.Cervantes Muñiz White &CaseLLP Antonio Cárdenas Arriola Vera &Asociados,SC Miguel Angel CancinoPeralta Pablo NostiHerrera Semillas Ceres Muñoz Alfonso EdmundoHernández (FIRA) Relacion con laAgricultura Fideicomisos Instituidos en Bello José OnésimoHernández Zoetis Vianca Hernandez Agroalimentaria (SENASICA) Sanidad, InocuidadyCalidad Nacionalde Servicio Ofelia Flores Hernandez Galicia AbogadosSC María JoséOrtizHaro Agroalimentaria (SENASICA) Sanidad, InocuidadyCalidad Nacionalde Servicio Alejandro Macedonio Guevara (CANACAR) Autotransporte deCarga Camara Nacionaldel José Refugio MuñozLópez Saturno SAdeCV Automotriz Agrícola eIndustrial Mario MuñizLopez Forestal yPesquero Desarrollo Agropecuario, Rural, Financiera Nacionalde Antonio Eliceo Mora Téllez Agroalimentaria (SENASICA) Sanidad, InocuidadyCalidad Nacionalde Servicio Norma CeciliaMiguelSaldivar Acedo Santamarina SC Jose Luis Mejia Transportes Secretaría deComunicaciones y Yuriria Mascott Pérez (CANACAR) Autotransporte deCarga Camara Nacionaldel Juan Manuel Transportes Secretaría deComunicaciones y Adolfo ElimLuviano Heredia Bufete delaGarza SC Rodrigo López González Garrigues México SC Sofía López Casarrubias Lapisa, SAdeCV Paul Tonatiuh Justo Juárez Miranda &Estavillo SC Greenberg Traurig LLP Sanciprian Jose Luis Ramos yFusther Transportes Secretaría deComunicaciones y Luis Antonio Posada Flores PMC LAW SC Guillermo Piecarchic Banco deMéxico María IsabelPérez Romero Greenberg Traurig LLP Arturo Pérez Estrada Banco deMéxico Luis ManuelPerea Virgen MSD AnimalHealth Fernando Parrodi SC Servicios Paredes Nieto Corporativo de Nayar EmilioParedes Nieto López García CanoAbogadosSC Andoni Zurita Transporte.mx Clemente Villalpando Abogados Counselors International Valeria Villalobos Vera &Asociados,SC Luis R.Vera Morales Garrigues México SC Roberto Torres Consuting Specialized Biopharmaceutical Héctor Tinoco-García Banco deMéxico Daniel SámanoPeñaloza Bufete Internacional Raúl Sahagun Romo Paillés Abogados Rafael Romo Corzo Galicia AbogadosSC Cecilia Rojas Occidente Jurídica Especialistas de Isaías Rivera Rodríguez SC Moreno Rodríguez yAsociados Daniel Fernando Morales Reyes Bufete Internacional Eduardo Díaz-Leal Reyes Télécommunications (ANRT) Réglementation des Agence Nationalede Samira Khallouk Charaf Corporation Amine Kandil Transit JALAL Younes Jalal Cabinet HHHAvocats Ahmad Hussein Cabinet HHHAvocats Zohra Hasnaoui Jamal Hachem Figes Lamya ElMernissi Alimentaires (ONSSA) Sanitaire desProduits Office NationaldeSécurité Sami Darkaoui Espace Transit Mohamed Benkirane Espace Transit Karim Benkirane PortNet SA Jalal Benhayoun Hasane Benalla ICARDA Morocco Filippo Bassi Alimentaires (ONSSA) Sanitaire desProduits Office NationaldeSécurité Dris Barik Renault Maroc Tariq Arif et d’Arbitrage (CIMEDA) Cour Internationale deMédiation Saleh MohamedAmine Moroccan Cargo Partner Ali Alamri Alimentaires (ONSSA) Sanitaire desProduits Office NationaldeSécurité Mohamed Akchati FTA Transport El Mootamid Abbad Andaloussi MOROCCO TTAM Abdelaziz Lahrizi Chassany Watrelot &Associés Houda Laalaj Moçambique Bolloré Transport &Logistics Moçambique Autoridade Tributária de MOZAMBIQUE Chassany Watrelot &Associés Zoubir Meryem Zniber AmineNotaire Amine Zniber Bank Al-Maghrib Hiba Zahoui Chassany Watrelot &Associés Kenza Yamani Independent Academic Houria Tazi Sadeq Safran Electrical &Power Cathérine Taoudi Forwarders duMaroc Association desFreight Rachid Tahri Impots Indirects Administration desDouaneset Farhat Smail Ait Manos Ghalia Sebti d’Avocats Sayarh &Menjra Cabinet Omar Sayarh Alimentaires (ONSSA) Sanitaire desProduits Office NationaldeSécurité Salah Ritoune Fourways Salaheddine Rikaoui University ofKentucky Karen Rignall Oil Argan &OilCactus Bio Yannick Poulain Chassany Watrelot &Associés Mohamed Oulkhouir Légumes (APEFEL) Exportateurs deFruits et Producteurs et Producteurs Association Marocaine des Ahmed Mouflih Ouaanda Mohammadi CRIDEAU -Université deLimoges Mohamed AliMekouar Boulalf &Mekkaoui Ahlam Mekkaoui Marla Mandlate Chade Despachante Aduaneira Florentina V. 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Transitex GlobalLogistics Tiago Martins Despachante Oficial Lda GARP-CF GamaAfonso Simeão Ernesto Manhiça Aduaneiro Élia Reis Lda –Despachante Élia dosReis Manhiça LBH Moçambique Isaac Mangue Ali Magido Dias Mafinda Despachante Aduaneira 113 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 114 Experts Co., Ltd. Harmony MyanmarAgro Group Min Aung Hein Convenience Prosperity Co., Ltd. Gerhard Hartzenberg DFDL William D.Greenlee, Jr. Myan ShwePyiTractors Ltd. Htay Aung AGX Logistics MyanmarCo. Ltd. MYANMAR Llionel Zisengwe Manica Freight Services SARL Liana Utxavo Partnership (AFAP) African Fertilizer andAgribusiness Sergio Ussaca Röhlig-Grindrod Moçambique Lda Gabriel Timana Röhlig-Grindrod Moçambique Lda Cândido Timana J. 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Hassan AliRaza Foton JWAuto Park Hamid Rasul Cornelius, Lane &Mufti Muhammad Shoaib Rashid Pak Suzuki Motor Co. Ltd. Kashif Rasheed Mejía &Asociados Jair Urriola-Quiróz Arias Yara Trujano Dolce PineappleCo., Inc. Jorge G.Obediente Agropecuaria dePanamá Instituto deInvestigación Marco Antonio Navarro Gutiérrez Carrilloley Abogados David Eugenio CarrilloVillarreal CIAM Panama Luisa Arauz Arredondo Yara Panama Agropecuario (MIDA) Ministerio deDesarrollo PANAMA (Field) Directorate General Agriculture Muhammad Wasim Ltd. Farm DynamicsPakistan (Pvt.) Ata UIMonim Ilham Uddin Federal Board ofRevenue Naghma Tehniat 117 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 118 Experts Abogados Payet, Rey, Cauvi,Pérez Vanessa Chávarry (ANA) Autoridad NacionaldelAgua Juan CarlosCastro Vargas Andina Freight Renatto Castro Macedo CONUDFI Patricia Carrillo Rebaza, Alcazar &DelasCasas Juan JoseCardenas DU &Uría Philippi, Prietocarrizosa, Ferrero Fabiola Capurro Rebaza, Alcazar &DelasCasas Cinthia Cánepa Zoetis Ivan Camacho CONUDFI Cristian Calderon Rodriguez CONUDFI Eli Bustinza Rubio Leguía Normand Mauricio Bohórquez Entel Perú SA Nino Boggio CONUDFI Arelis Avila Tagle Agraria (SENASA) NacionaldeSanidad Servicio Gerard DanielBlairArze CONUDFI Gonzalo AriasSchereiber ADEX Evelin Aragon Grados Fiscalización Ambiental (OEFA) Organismo deEvaluacióny Eliana AmesVega Jesús Alcázar Andrade Rebaza, Alcazar &DelasCasas Rafael Alcázar Abogados Rodrigo, Elías&Medrano PERU CONUDFI Peter Davis CONUDFI Octavio Chirinos CONUDFI Juan CarlosLeon Siles Ransa Comercial SA César BallónIzquierdo Huaro Operador Logístico SAC Rudy Huamán Andina Freight Ambra Huaman Ransa Comercial SA Carlos Alberto Ladera Hernández del Perú (PUCP) Pontificia Universidad Católica Jorge ArmandoGuevara Gil CONUDFI Evelin Aragón Grados Llona &Bustamante Abogados Alejandra Giurfa CONUDFI Sandra Flores Llayeri Latinoamérica Programa Feed &Food Seguro Flavia Ferreira deCastro Osterling Abogados Enrique Ferrando Gamarra CONUDFI Fiama Fernandez Saldamando Llona &Bustamante Abogados María delPilarFalcón Castro Rebaza, Alcazar &DelasCasas Jacqueline Escobar Investa Gabriela DelaColinaOchoa Importadores deSemillas Peruana deProductores e APPI Semillas-Asociación Dianderas Oscar Rafael deCordova del Perú (PUCP) Pontificia Universidad Católica Iván OrtizSánchez Enrique D.Moncada Mau MSD AnimalHealth Luis Miranda Obando Internacionales deInversión Peruano ante Controversias Representa alEstado Comisión Especialque delÁguila Shane Martínez Zentrum Logistic Jean Marco Martinez Andina Freight Guillermo Marcial C. Zegarra Abogados Estudio Zuzunaga, Assereto y Carlos MartínRamírez Rodríguez CONUDFI Oscar Quiñones del Perú Cámara deComercio Americana Manuel Quindimil Miranda &AmadoAbogados Jose MiguelPuiggros Otero Llona &Bustamante Abogados Juan Prado Bustamante Santiváñez Abogados Gloria Carolina Pita Ocaña Osterling Abogados Fiorella PíaPeyrone Villacorta Abogados Estudio Torres yTorres Lara Mauricio Paredes Agraria (SENASA) NacionaldeSanidad Servicio Jorge Tanaka Nakamacho Nicolás E.Takashima Santiváñez Abogados Manuel AlipioSuárez Yávar Congreso delaRepublica Enrique Sebastián Soto Ruiz IPESA SAC Javier SolisEstrada Ransa Comercial SA Ruth deLourdes SipiónChunga Pablo Santos Curo Transoceanic Raul Sabogal Sanchez Agraria (INIA) Instituto NacionaldeInnovación Rosa Angélica Díaz Sánchez Rubio Leguía Normand Carolina Sáenz CMS -GRAU Piero Rojas Rubio Leguía Normand Guillermo AcuñaRoeder Juan Rivadeneyra Fiscalización Ambiental (OEFA) Organismo deEvaluacióny Roberts RíosPereyra Rebaza, Alcazar &DelasCasas Cynthia Rebaza Vito Verna Coronado (ANA) Autoridad NacionaldelAgua Carlos Verano Zelada Rubio Leguía Normand Jose Velit invetsa Luis Valle Rodríguez Luis Benito Valdiviezo Arellano Andina Freight Walter Urteaga Trust Cargo Consulting Jhonn Trujillo Compañía Minera Antamina Carlos Torres Mariño (AAP) Asociación Automotriz delPerú Ellioth Tarazona Álvarez of Customs Universities Logistics –International Network Academy ofDevelopmental Samuel C.Bautista & Protacio (C&GLaw) Gaymaytan Yap Patacsil Gutierrez Norma Margarita B.Patacsil Cargill Philippines,Inc. Anzures Sheryl Corporation All CertifiedEquipment Trading Apolinario Amoroso Kintetsu WorldExpress, Inc. Marilyn C.Alberto Villaraza andAngangco Franchette M.Acosta Mayleen Abarico Law) Dime &Eviota Law Firm (DLDTE Gideon F. A.Abaquita, Jr. SeedWorks Corporation ofthePhilippines National Reinsurance PHILIPPINES Molina Universidad NacionalAgraria La Augusto Felipe ZinggRosell Entel Perú SA Sebastian Villegas CMS -GRAU Bureau ofCustoms Rechilda Oquias Associates –Customs Brokers Nague MalicMagnawa& Ferdinand A.Nague Intercommerce Network Services Francis Lopez Advisors Insights PhilippinesLegal Aubbrey Leigh Lim Mary Gatmaitan SyCip Salazar Hernandez& Rose MarieKing-Dominguez Gatmaitan SyCip Salazar Hernandez& Marion NerisseD.Kho Bangko Sentral ngPilipinas Lyn Javier Villaraza andAngangco Paul Rodulfo B.Imperial Atlas Fertilizer Corporation Raymund Illustre (PHILMECH) Development andMechanization Philippine Center for Postharvest Rodolfo Estigoy Bangko Sentral ngPilipinas Nestor A.Espenilla,Jr. Department ofAgriculture Patrick BensonEspanto Law) Dime &Eviota Law Firm(DLDTE Ronald Dime Gatmaitan SyCip Salazar Hernandez& Miguel Franco T. Dimayacyac Angeles Buenaventura, Sayoc&DeLos Romulo, Mabanta, Rafael delRosario Inc. Monarch Agricultural Products, Robert Louis Castro Department ofFinance Denis C.Cabucos R2M ConstructionCorporation Rex Bingabing Puno &Peñarroyo Fernando S.Peñarroyo Bureau (BPI) ofPlantIndustry Gerald GlennPanganiban (DZP) Domański Zakrzewski Palinka Maciej Białek Arkadiusz Artyszak sp.wspólnicy k. Bird &Bird Szepietowski i Marcin Alberski Testing Research Center for Cultivar i Urządzeń Rolniczych (PIGMIUR) Polska IzbaGospodarcza Maszyn Authority KNF Polish FinancialSupervision EW Nutrition Bayer AnimalHealth POLAND Commission National Telecommunications Imelda Walcien & Gatmaitan SyCip Salazar Hernandez Philbert Varona Stamm International, Inc. Doris P. Torres Bureau ofCustoms Pacifico Rolando Tacub Bureau ofCustoms Jeoffrey Tacio Advisors Insights PhilippinesLegal Felix Sy University ofthePhilippines Delfin C.Suministrado Corporation Soiltech Agricultural Products Rene So Gutierrez &Protacio (C&GLaw) Gaymaytan Yap Patacsil Angelique Pearl Simbulan East-West SeedCompany, Inc. AnnSayoc Mary Department ofAgriculture Teresita S.Sandoval Gatmaitan SyCip Salazar Hernandez& Aaron Roi B.Riturban Gutierrez &Protacio (C&GLaw) Gaymaytan Yap Patacsil Carren Jean Ramirez

(DZP) Domański Zakrzewski Palinka Tymon Grabarczyk sp.wspólnicy k. Bird &Bird Szepietowski i Piotr Dynowski KopećLawDudkowiak, Firm Michał Dudkowiak Jarosław Daniel (DZP) Domański Zakrzewski Palinka Daniel Chojnacki Sewerage Municipal Water Supplyand Anna Brandyk Unions Cooperative SavingsandCredit National Associationof Dominik Bierecki Devices andBiocidalProducts Medicinal Products, Medical Office for Registration of Marlena Sychowicz Squire Patton Boggs Zuzanna Staniszewska Wardyński &Partners Martyna Robakowska Agricultural Engineering PIMR -IndustrialInstitute of Jan Radniecki KopećLawDudkowiak, Firm Piotr Putyra Salt CityPharmaCenter Joanna Organiściak-Płachta Wardyński &Partners Krzysztof Libiszewski Maurice Ward &Co. sp. z.o.o. Konrad PiotrLewandowski Wardyński &Partners Nina Kuśnierkiewicz Wardyński &Partners Joanna Krakowiak GWW Waclaw Knopkiewicz Sciences Institute ofTechnology andLife Wieslawa Kasperska-Wolowicz Andrzej Kalwa Squire Patton Boggs Igor G.Hanas Antas daCunha Ecija Ana CristinaBorges PORTUGAL White &CaseLLP Mateusz Zawistowski John Deere Polska Sp. zo.o. Stanislaw Wolski Sciences Warsaw University ofLife Ludwik Wicki ofFinanceMinistry Wernic Cezary Wardyński &Partners Dominik Wałkowski Jagiellonian University Piotr Szwedo Authority (ASF) The FinancialSupervisory Leonardo Badea Peli FilipSCA Oana Badarau Romanian Waters National Administration KPMG EW Nutrition Fitosanitara Autoritatea Nationala ROMANIA SRS Global Alexandra Valente Telles Advogados Ivone Rocha SRS Advogados José Luís Moreira daSilva Soares daSilva&Associados Morais Leitão, GalvãoTeles, Filipe Lowndes Marques Valtra Inc. Maria Macau PLMJ Advogados,SP, RL Manuel daSilva Gomes APIFVET José Carapeto Soares daSilva&Associados Morais Leitão, GalvãoTeles, Luis Branco 119 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 120 Experts Trelea siAsociatiiSPRL Cristina Trelea Trammo AG Adrian Serban Biomedial Regulatory SRL Gratiela Prepelita Bitrans Ltd. Tiberiu Potyesz at-Law Pop &Partners SCAAttorneys- Claudiu Anton Pop Andreea Pomirleanu Marcoser Marius Petrache Peli FilipSCA Irina Oprea Muşat &Asociaţii Mona Muşat Agricultural APIMAR Machinery- Producers andImporters of Romanian Associationof Ivascu Mihai SC Transavia SA Lucian Melut Pabllo Logistics SRL Luisa Nicoleta Mateescu Peli FilipSCA Mihaela Ispas Camelia Ionescu Peli FilipSCA Cristina Filip Muşat &Asociaţii Monia Dobrescu from Romania (UNTRR) National UnionofRoad Hauliers Radu Dinescu Cargill Agricultura SRL Iulia Danila Ceva Santé Animale Petrisor Costache-Bobescu Muşat &Asociaţii George Cata D&B DavidşiBaiasLaw Firm Georgiana Balan D&B DavidşiBaiasLaw Firm Andrei Vlasin DHL International Romania Luigi Vendrami Equipment Specialized and Machinery Russian Associationof Natalia Negrebetskaya Trans Business Sergey Lyadov Anton Lachinov Nickolay Koltsov Baker &McKenzie-CIS,Limited Ekaterina Karunets & Partners Egorov PuginskyAfanasiev Alexey Karchiomov Baker &McKenzie-CIS,Limited Sergey Iakovlev Baker &McKenzie-CIS,Limited Max Gutbrod FWD LLC Anton Grebennikov Sergey Goncharov CaveLeightonBryan Paisner LLP Mikhail Erokhin (Attorneys-at-Law) Beiten Burkhardt Rechtsanwälte Taras Derkatsch CaveLeightonBryan Paisner LLP Ekaterina Dedova AgroXimReg Evgeniy Chernyshev CaveLeightonBryan Paisner LLP Anastasia Buryak Terminals Publishing HouseCustoms Stefan Bakh AgroXimReg Iliya Alekseev Zoetis Uralkali Federal Customs Service RUSSIAN FEDERATION Muşat &Asociaţii Alina Vrabie Medicines (ICBMV) Products andVeterinary Institute for Control ofBiological Valentin Voicu

Ceva Santé Animale Natalya Somova Anna Roshchina Indigenous Affairs International WorkGroup for Johannes Rohr Rodin &Partners Artem Rodin Ceva Santé Animale Ilgar Ravilov Sunrise Surana Radnaeva Maksim Prigon & Partners Egorov PuginskyAfanasiev Larisa Peshekhonova CaveLeightonBryan Paisner LLP Maksim Nikiforov Resources Board Rwanda Agriculture andAnimal Leon Hakizamungu Gasabo District/Ndera Sector Ange D’Arc Habeshahomungu Balton RwandaLtd. Gitau Henry Celestine Gashayija Equity JurisChambers Flavia Galisa Ltd. Transafrica Container Transport Ndaru Abdul CMA-CGM Rwanda AaronNzeyimana One Acre Fund Bolloré Africa Logistics RWANDA Piper DLA Karen Young Ceva Santé Animale Maria Tsarenkova (Attorneys-at-Law) Beiten Burkhardt Rechtsanwälte Ilya Titov (RUFM) Union ofFeed Manufacturers Tatyana Stepina

Alice Mukayiranga Fidèle Masengo Ronald Kityo Emmanuel Katabarwa Asaba Authority (RNRA) Rwanda Natural Resources Dismas Karuranga Notary Public Assiel Kamanzi Equity JurisChambers Casandra Kabagyema Pannar Gafigi Jean Paul Gahiza IsingomaAndrew ENAS Innocent Harerimana CPF Ineza Chantal Uwamariya Action Program Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Maro AndyTola (RAB) Resources Development Board Rwanda Agriculture andAnimal John Bosco Talemwa Vincent B.Rutaremara Bralirwa Ltd. Josue Penaloza Quispe Natural Resources ofEnvironmentMinistry and Jacqueline Nyirakamana Authority (RURA) Rwanda UtilitiesRegulatory Mathieu Ntegano Mulindi Factory CompanyLimited Oreste Nshimiyimana Development Board (NAEB) National Agricultural Export Issa Nkurunziza ENAS Alfred Nkubili Yara Peter Ngugi K-Solutions &Partners David Ngirinshuti Mulindi Factory CompanyLimited Philippe Nahayo Union Internationale pourla Modou Diouf Coumba NorThiam Oumar Diop Conformités Carapaces Stratégies & Mohamed Diop Gainde 2000 Amadou Diop Orange Senegal Mohammed Samba Diallo Boubacar CelouDiallo Conformités Carapaces Stratégies & Boubacar Diallo Amafrique Suarl Abdoulaye Diallo Agricoles Institut SénégalaisdeRecherches Demba Diakhate Gainde 2000 Ibrahima Diagne Conformités Carapaces Stratégies & Abdoullah Cissé (OLAC) Office des Lacs et Cours d’eau Boubacar Cisse ETLS Mamadou Bousso Sylva SCP d’Avocats Léon Patrice & Bocar Baldé Conformités Carapaces Stratégies & Khady Alaofary SENEGAL OpportunityUrwego Bank Faustin Zihiga (RAB) Resources Development Board Rwanda Agriculture andAnimal Solange Uwituze Independent Consultant Esperance Uwimana Cours PrivélesLauréats Thioro CodouFaye Airtel Africa Amadou Makhtar Fall delaNatureConservation (UICN) & Conformités Carapaces Stratégies Minata SarrNdiaye Agricoles Institut SénégalaisdeRecherches Saer Sarr LPS L@w Léon Patrice Sarr & Conformités Carapaces Stratégies Yamar Samb & Conformités Carapaces Stratégies Marietou NdiayeDia Postes (ARTP) Télécommunications et des Autorité deRégulation des Ousmane Ndiaye Conformités Carapaces Stratégies & Elhadji OumarNdiaye Ziguinchor Université AssaneSECKde Mamadou LamineMbaye Etude Notariale MoussaMbacke Moussa Mbacke Dakar (UCAD) Université CheikhAnta Diopde Ibrahima Mall Finkone Transit SA Cheikh Loum Pouye Finkone Transit SA Doudou CharlesLo IUCN Racine Kane Conformités Carapaces Stratégies & Amadou Kah l’Equipement Rural Ministère del’Agriculture et de Samba Ka Conformités Carapaces Stratégies & Adja Ndatté Ka Houda Law Firm Khaled A.Houda Forum Civil Djibril Gueye Postes (ARTP) Télécommunications et des Autorité deRégulation des Kalidou Gaye

Awa Tounkara MEC FADEC Samella GuignaneTine & Conformités Carapaces Stratégies Rouhiatou ThiamCissé Yves Tetegan & Conformités Carapaces Stratégies Fatimata Sy MATFORCE Mamadou Sow Orange Senegal Jamil Silla Orange Madagascar SA Adama Sidime Primature duSénégal Papa SerigneSeck Mihaj, Ilić&Milanović Law Firm Nemanja Ilić Filipovic Law Office Branislav Filipovic Uros Dordevic Elixir Group Janja Djurica Maize Research Institute Milos Crevar Wolff &Stein LLP Milic Bugarcic RATEL Zoran Branković EU-LINK Slavko Bogdanović University ofNovi Sad Milena Bečelić-Tomin ŠunjkaLaw Jelena Bajin Air Speed Vlado Babic SERBIA d’Agricultrure (ENSA) Nationale Supérieure Université deThiès,École Magatte Wade Cabinet Habibatou Touré Habibatou Touré Orange Senegal

KITE d.o.o. Djordje Mišković Superior Seeds Katarina Martinovic University ofNovi Sad Milan Martinov Elixir Group Milana Lalatovic Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers ofTractors and IPM -Associationof Vaso Labović Živković &Samardžić Law Office Slobodan Kremenjak Karanović &Nikolić Law Firm Darko Jovanović Joksović, Stojanović &Partners Milan Joksović Živković Samardžić Law Firm Miloš Živković Karanović &Nikolić Law Firm Bojan Vučković Marija Vojvodic Law Office Marija Vojvodic Polje Maize Research Institute Zemun Goran Todorović Elixir Group Vladimir Todorovic ŠunjkaLaw Tomislav Šunjka Živković &Samardžić Law Office Miloš Stojković Office Stanković andPartners Law Nebojša Stanković Karanović &Nikolić Law Firm Veljko Smiljanić Superior Seeds Natasha Radisic Karanović &Nikolić Law Firm Kristina Pavlović Agrimatco d.o.o. Igor Palamarčuk Gebruder Weissd.o.o. Dimitrije Nikolić Agrimatco d.o.o. Alfred Nemet 121 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 122 Experts Michael Imran Kanu and Food Security ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry Sorie M.Kamara and Food Security ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry Abdul Rahman Kamara Authority Sierra Leone Road Transport David C.Kaitibie and Food Security ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry Raymonda Johnson Ahmed Yassin Jallo-Jamboria Akim andSatu C&FAgency Mohamed Jalloh Society (SLAWS) The Sierra Leone Animal Welfare Gudush Jalloh T-JAL Enterprises Chernor M.Jalloh and Food Security ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry Amadu Tejan Jalloh Amjam CompanyLtd. Abdul KarimJalloh Limited Realini BaderandAssociates Sahr DanielDugba Balmed HoldingsLtd. Medgar Brown and Food Security ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry M.H. Barrie Leone Forwarding AgenciesSierra Association ofClearingand Abdul AkimBangura SeedTech Mohamed Bahsoon Hannah Arema Desphine CompanyLimited Desmond Allen University ofSouthFlorida Fenda A.Akiwumi SIERRA LEONE and Food Security ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry Kargbo Henry Cole Kanu&Partners & PARTNERS s.r.o. Advokátska kancelária SEMANČÍN Peter Beňo Bayer AnimalHealth Milan Malena SLOVAK REPUBLIC (SLeSCA)Agency Sierra Leone SeedCertification Momoh Yusif Turay and Food Security ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry John E.D.Terry Afcom Adel Suliman Salone Microfinance Trust (SMT) Archibald Shodeke Sorie SulaimanSesay Environment Protection Agency Abdul Bakarr Salim (SLeCAD) Agriculture Development Sierra Leone Chamberof Ahmed Nanoh Sakata Seeds Chernor MusaKabia Michael & Basita Michael and Food Security ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry Lamin Mboaba Destiny ShippingAgenciesLtd. Corneleius Max-Williams Commission National Telecommunications Massaquoi Maxwell and Food Security ofAgriculture,Ministry Forestry Ibrahim M.O.Shamie Research Institute Sierra Leone Agricultural Paul Lahai Commission National Telecommunications Abdul Kuyateh National Revenue Authority Patrick SylKongo Kanu EquipmentLtd. Christian Kocik Co. Babadorie Clearing&Forwarding George Kawaley Institute inAgriculture (ÚKSÚP) The Central Control andTesting Ing. Monika Piatriková Kinstellar Tomas Melisek White &Case Alex Medek & PARTNERS s.r.o. Advokátska kancelária SEMANČÍN Adriána Matejčíková s.r.o. Hager, advokátska kancelária, Eversheds SutherlandDvořák Katarína Liebscherová White &Case Vladimir Ivanco Production Research Institute ofPlant Ing. Peter Hozlár Forestry &Fisheries Department ofAgriculture, Elna deBruyn Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr Tracy Cohen Ceva Santé Animale Hannelie Cilliers Association (AFMA) Animal Feed Manufacturers Liesl Breytenbach Agbiz Theo Boshoff International (MBFi) Microbial Biological Fertilizers Ingrid Boshoff United SeedsCC Gabor Barla-Szabo John Deere (Pty)Ltd. Department ofTransport Dentons BHBW (Pty)Ltd. AFGACTS SOUTH AFRICA Hamala KluchVíglaský Peter Viglasky s.r.o. Hager, advokátska kancelária, Eversheds SutherlandDvořák Annamária Tóthová Semancin &Partners Jozef Semancin Transglobal Cynthia Hlongwane DH Environmental Consulting William Harding Organization South African NationalSeed Eddie Goldschagg University ofSouthAfrica Tigist Gebrehiwot University ofCapeTown Loretta Feris Forestry, &Fisheries Department ofAgriculture, Dube Harry Africa Ltd. Munich Reinsurance Companyof Jutta Drewes PBD Boeredienste (Pty)Ltd. Wayne Degnan Aquasol Nutri(Pty)Ltd. Francois Potgieter Authority ofSouthAfrica Independent Communications Siyanda Nkamisa JC Auditors Oliver Naidoo Africa Ltd. Munich Reinsurance Companyof Hulisani Mukwevho Global Vehicle Testing Vusumuzi M.Moyo Department ofLabour Mohlakola Monyaki Authority ofSouthAfrica Independent Communications Phil Molefe University ofCapeTown Amanda Mkhonza Saaff Johan Marais Authority ofSouthAfrica Independent Communications Leah Maina University ofKwaZulu-Natal Michael Kidd Warburton Attorneys Obeid Katumba Authority ofSouthAfrica Independent Communications Fikile Hlongwe Carreño Santiago ManuelÁlvarez Sonia Almendros Serrano yAcosta Abogados María JesúsAcosta Pina Zoetis Yara Grupo Fertiberia Grupo AN EW Nutrition SPAIN VIRBAC Millicent Zondi Warburton Attorneys Catherine Warburton Warburton Attorneys Marga Van DerMerwe Barloworld Equipment James Tubb Herold Gie Romeo Tsusi Africa Ltd. Munich Reinsurance Companyof Funzani Sundani Authority ofSouthAfrica Independent Communications Bomkazi Somdyala Group RCS Ltd. Pvt. BusinessAdvisors Rajat Ratan Sinha Group RCS Ltd. Pvt. BusinessAdvisors Sinha Arvind Warburton Attorneys Peggy Schoeman Bayer AnimalHealth Ernest Schay Forestry &Fisheries Department ofAgriculture, Joan Sadie Authority ofSouthAfrica Independent Communications Phillip Ramalata Cartagena Universidad Politécnica de Narciso Arcas-Lario Derecho Administrativo, Facultad de Departamento deDerecho Universidad deMurcia, DeSalvador Real Estate Lawyers Licterfelde Marta vonCarstenn Jiménez ­ Logesta Alvaro González-Escalada Vodafone EspañaSAU Matías González Catalunya Universitat Politècnica de Emilio GilMoya Miguel García Carretero Gaitan Abogados Juan Gaitán J&A GarriguesSLP Alfredo Fernández Rancaño Universidad deLa Rioja Antonio Fanlo Loras Universidad deZaragoza Antonio EmbidIrujo (CESFAC) Compuestos para Animales Fabricantes deAlimentos Confederación Españolade Jorge deSaja Rafael deSádaba Almudena delaCruz Semillas Guadalquivir Olivier Crassous Cuatrecasas Gonçalves Pereira Alberto Cortegoso Vaamonde Cobo Serrano Abogados Diego CoboSerrano Hortiquality SL Francisco Sabio Cervilla Menéndez &AsociadosAbogados Isabel Caro-Patón Carlos BonillaRepresa H.M. ClauseIbérica SAU Rafael Antonio Bonet Pertusa Herrera Universidad CEUCardenal Adela M.Aura LariosdeMedrano Raposo Bernardo &Associados Serena Argente Escartín (MAGRAMA) Alimentación yMedioAmbiente Ministerio deAgricultura, Liana Sandra Ardiles López DHL Express Francisco Pablo J&A GarriguesSLP Juan Muguerza Odriozola Cobo Serrano Abogados José Antonio Moreno Fernández DeSalvador Real Estate Lawyers Pelayo deSalvador Morell Telecomunicación (COIT) Colegio OficialdeIngenieros de Noelia Miranda Santos Alimentación Ministerio deAgricultura, Pesca y Miguel Angel Martin (Agroseguro )SA Seguros Agrarios Combinados Entidades Aseguradoras delos Agrupación Españolade Ignacio Machetti Serrano y Acosta Abogados Javier Serrano García Fondos dePensiones Dirección General deSeguros y Sergio Sergio Álvarez Camiña Ministerio deFomento Marta Santamaría Mosquera y Turismo Ministerio deIndustria,Comercio Alicia Sánchez Cuatrecasas Gonçalves Pereira Ricardo RuizGómez (ANSEMAT) Forestal ydeEspaciosVerdes Maquinaria Agropecuaria, Asociación Nacionalde Ignacio Ruiz VIRBAC Pilar Royo Oller Cuatrecasas Gonçalves Pereira Elicia Rodríguez Puñal Andalus GlobalProduce SL Kim Riddell Universidad deAlicante Millan Requena-Casanova Cobo Serrano Abogados Teresa Reíllo Sáez Raposo Bernardo &Associados Nelson Raposo Bernardo Cuatro Vegas deAlmeria Comunidad deRegantes Las Jose Antonio Pérez Sánchez Cuatrecasas Gonçalves Pereira Luis Pérez deAyala Iqram Cuttilan D.L. &F. DeSaram Dilmini Cooray F.J. &G.DeSaram Buwaneka Basnayake Center Farm Mechanization Research Chinthaka Balasooriya Ltd.Anverally &Sons(Pvt.) Mohamed Anverally Provimi Vet Lanka Ltd. Pvt. Rohan Abhayaratne Axiata Group Berhad SRI LANKA Universidade deVigo Francisco JoséTorres Pérez SANASA Federation Ltd. Navindra Liyanaarachchi Limited Hayleys Agriculture Holdings Chathuranga Udaya Kumara Ltd. Freight LineInternational (Pvt.) Amila Karunaratne Ltd. Freight LinksInternational (Pte.) Niral Kadawatharatchie Ganasiri Jayaratne Ltd.Fits Express Pvt. David Jacob Anura Herath Association The ColomboTea Traders’ Hettiarachchi Hemaratne DRH Logistics Lanka Ltd. (Pvt.) Diren R.Hallock D.L. &F. DeSaram Peiris Dunya University ofPeradeniya Dharmasena Dunu Arachchige Nimal Institute (IWMI) International Water Management Sanjiv DeSilva D.L. &F. DeSaram Savantha DeSaram Aitken Spence ShippingLtd. 123 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 124 Experts Alpha Group Abdirahman Abdi Omer AliLaw Firm Omer AliAbdelrahman SUDAN and Health Department ofAnimalProduction Chandani Ganga Wijesinghe Lasantha Wickremesooriya Jayewardenepura University ofSri Nishani Wickramaarachchi ofAgricultureMinistry Priyantha Weerasinghe Manchuna Shanmuganathan World Express CMBLtd. Anthony. M.ShanilFernando (HARTI) Research andTraining Institute Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Geethani Samarasinha Systems Ltd. Speed International Freight Mohamed Rizni Chambers Colombo Dhammika Ranasinghe AgStar Fertilizer PLC Saman Buddhika Rajapaksha and Health Department ofAnimalProduction Nimal Priyankarage Chathura Priyadarshana Research Policy (CARP) Sri Lanka Councilfor Agricultural Thilina Premjayanth F.J. &G.DeSaram Amanda Perera Brown &CompanyPLC Sanjaya Nissanka Julius &Creasy Ashwini Natesan Institute (IWMI) International Water Management Herath Manthrithilake Dirdeiry andPartners Law Firm Azkarr Addirdeiry Irrigation andElectricity ofWaterMinistry Resources, Ahmed M.Adam Consultant Mahmoud Seddon Amgad Safwat Ltd. Darka for Trading &Services Co. Mohamed AlaaeldinOsman SDV Logistics Abdulhakim Omar Alpha Group Victor P. Ojiambo Co. Nelein Engineering&Spare Parts Idris Noureldayem Alpha DynamicEnterprise Shima Mustafa Ahmed Co.Ltd. Transnile &Trans Directions Faisal MohamedAli Ltd. Darka for Trading &Services Co. Somia Mohamed Associates Advocates Mahmoud ElsheikhOmer& Ahmed Mahdi Intisar Ibrahim Consultant Amr HamadOmar Alnuha Company Moneim Elyas Awadallah Elshaikh Export Abnaa SayedElobied-Agro Abnaa SayedElobied (Sudan) Ltd. National Reinsurance Company Mohamed SaeedElmutasim ofAgricultureMinistry andForest Afaf Abdalrahim Elgozuli Mustafa ElbashierLaw Office Mustafa Elbashier Enterprise Development (PASED) Port SudanAssociationfor Small Salah Elawad Gamar ElSharif Hamid ElHussein Mohamed AbdelsalamBabiker DAL EngineeringCompany Mahgoub Awadalla A. AzizAwad Roschier Advokatbyrå AB Marcus Hedén Cederquist KB Filip Gyulai Veterinary Nordic Industry Adam Estrup The SwedishTransport Agency SWEDEN Alpha Group Omiema Yousif Ahmed Dirdeiry andPartners Law Firm Minan Yousif Zain Sudan Mohamed Tangasawi Big BossGroup Elsadig Swar Eldahab Wenger &VieliAG Lenz & Staehelin Patrick Schärli Wenger &VieliAG Martin Hess Lenz & Staehelin Shelby duPasquier Lenz &Staehelin Maria Chiriaeva Lenz &Staehelin Stefan Breitenstein Borghi AdlerTönz Denis Adler of Zurich Road Traffic Office of theCanton SWITZERLAND The SwedishBoard ofAgriculture Jens Weibull Svalöf ConsultingAB Rutger Persson Advokatfirman Delphi Erica Nobel Roschier Advokatbyrå AB Ismet Logo White &CaseAdvokat AB Andres Karlsson Cederquist KB Svante Hultqvist Swedish SeedTrade Association Per Henriksson Isfarafood LLC Daler Dusmatov Isfarafood LLC Dzhamshed Buzurukov ABM Trans Service LLC Ilhom Amirhonov ABM Trans Service LLC Bakhtiyor Abdulloev Tajikistan Government oftheRepublic of Customs Service underthe TAJIKISTAN Switzerland Community ofInterest Coffee Michael vonLuehrte Bär &Karrer Eric Stupp Farms National AssociationofDerkhan Nargis Usmanova ofAgricultureMinistry Saimahmad Shohzoda Legal ConsultingGroup Marina Shamilova Said Ltd. Nadir Saidovich Microcredit Fund Borshud Muhammadrabi Rizvonov GRATA International Bahodur Nurov Centil Law Firm Ganchina Nuralieva GRATA International Kamoliddin Mukhamedov Tcell Malakbozov Dilnavoz Sarbozovich Tajik Agricultural University Nasim Ibrohimov Public Fund GIPI Parvina Ibodova Protection Committee onEnvironmental Anvar Homidov Tajik Academy ofAgriculture Gulnoz Hisamutdinova Jackline Silaa ATZ Law Chambers Shamiza Ratansi Security andCooperatives ofAgriculture,Ministry Food Twalib Njohole Institute Tropical Pesticides Research Florence Mununa Zoetis Jane Munga Regulatory Authority (TCRA) Tanzania Communications Raynold Mfungahema University Moshi Co-operative Alphonce Mbuya Malai Freight Forwarders Ltd. Siri A.Malai East African Law Chambers Catherine Maitho Boka Lyamuya Security andCooperatives ofAgriculture,Ministry Food Canuth Komba Association Tanzania Freight Forwarders Edward JohnUrio ATZ Law Chambers Sophia D.Issa DL ShippingCompanyLtd. Lincoln P. Irungu Juma Hango Global Water Partnership Mbogo Futakamba East African Law Chambers George Fernandes Bolloré Africa Logistics Djamby Valery Implements Ltd. ETC Agro Tractors and Praveen Chandra Florian Alibagaya One Acre Fund TANZANIA University ofDaresSalaam Charles Sokile East African Law Chambers Thomas Sipemba ATZ Law Chambers Plant Variety Protection Office Thidakoon Saenudom Chandler MHMLtd. Prang Prakobvaitayakij Chandler MHMLtd. Kiratika Poonsombudlert Supplies Association Thai Fertilizer andAgricultural Thanet Pingsuthiwong HM Clause Jack Metzelaar ZICO Law (Thailand)Ltd. Panwadi Maniwat ZICO Law (Thailand)Ltd. Plaichat Luangthep Co. Ltd. Larppol Poontawee International Tanat Kowatanawinta Engineering Thai Society ofAgricultural Dares Kittiyopas ZICO Law (Thailand)Ltd. Amnart Khongsakda Tilleke &Gibbins Jonathan Khaw East-West SeedRoh Limited Rachadapron Keawwan Chandler MHMLtd. Nopamon Intralib Thevit Tilleke &Gibbins Athistha Chitranukroh Yara Wongvilai Chaithiamsak Supplies Association Thai Fertilizer andAgricultural Pimol Buranachon ZICO Law (Thailand)Ltd. Threenuch Bunruangthaworn Baker &McKenzie Sorachon Boonsong Rajah &Tann Asia Visitsak Arunsuratpakdee TVL GlobalLogistics Commodity andFood Standards National Bureau ofAgriculture and Valuation Division Customs Standard Procedure Bayer AnimalHealth Bank ofThailand THAILAND Office Limited Siam Premier International Law Vanvaree Wongphom Zoetis Supanee Urairong Office Limited Siam Premier International Law Thammateeradaycho Noppramart Yara Thaworn Srisuwanasorn Seed Testing Laboratory Tudsanee Srisopha MSD AnimalHealth Kanokwan Somboonsakdikul Thammasat University Chacrit Sitdhiwej Chandler MHMLtd. Jessada Sawatdipong l’Élevage et del’Hydraulique Ministère del’Agriculture, de Batasse Komla Batawui l’Élevage et del’Hydraulique Ministère de l’Agriculture, de Nèmè Bali GMC Groupe Manuet Compagnie Emmanuel Aziatroga Universtite deLomé Mawuli Aziadekey Gotis Consulting Jules Mota Atara Aquereburu &Partners Coffi AlexisAquereburu SCP Toble &Associés Têko Seyram Amenyinu SCP Dogbeauvouet Associes AkpaganaThierry CRIIT/Lado concept Lado Gbagbodé édouard Akakpo- JAT ConsultingSARL Ahoahome AgbemeloTsomafo Formation) and SocialDevelopment (INADES African Institute for Economic Sena Kwaku Adessou Ceva Santé Animale Télécommunications (ARTP) des Secteurs dePostes et Autorité deRéglementation TOGO Atsu Dzunyo Eklou Martial Akakpo &Associes Epse Agbonegban Akouvi Ogougbani Thérèse Donu SCP Dogbeauvouet Associes Sédjro KoffiDogbeavou l’Élevage et del’Hydraulique Ministère del’Agriculture, de Minto Djatoite SCP Dogbeauvouet Associes Djahlin Koffi Adjévi (CAGIA) de GestiondesIntrants Agricoles Centrale d’Approvisionnement et Yasser Darou-Nassam Seguce Togo Cedric ChalvonDemersay CAP-TOGO DibaatabaAndéwé Batema (CAGIA) de GestiondesIntrants Agricoles Centrale d’Approvisionnement et Herman MadadoziTezike Consultant Atsou Soumsa SCP Dogbeauvouet Associes Lazare Sossoukpe Martial Akakpo et Associés Kao Palanga Maersk Togo Julien Oyessola Calafi Sarl Laname Nayante Samhollandia Abdou Nassaire Samarou Céline Lecoeuche et Semi-urbain Assainissement enMilieuUrbain Société dePatrimoine Eauet Bantéb Lare Koussague Ordre desAvocats duBarreau Djoliba Dekawunga Kutolbena (CAGIA) de GestiondesIntrants Agricoles Centrale d’Approvisionnement et Kounama Kpemou Golden Seed Alessou Koffi Université deLomé Abravi EssenamKissi APSFD Togo Ange KossiviKetor 125 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 126 Experts Omar Brahmi SMTT Mohsen Bouzid TASMID Mona Bouzaien ITO Logistic Tunisie Omar Boukhdir Parenin SA Anis Bettoumi Berjeblawyers Aslan Berjeb Cabinet d’Avocats BenSlama Sabri BenSlama Agronomique deTunisie Institut NationaldelaRecherche Hamadi BenSalah la Pêche Ressources Hydrauliques et de Ministère del’Agriculture des Mohamed LahbibBenJamâa Parenin SA Chiheb BenHamouda Agrodis Yousser BenHadjBrahim (ISET’COM) Communications deTunis Etudes Technologiques en Institut Supérieurdes Imen BenChaabane Tunisie Syndicat desAgriculteurs de Leith BenBecher COSEM Larbi Amdouni Agronomic Land Iman Allaghi Mohamed Abbes TUNISIA Producteurs Agricoles Organisations Paysannes et de Coordination Togolaise des Amenyo Yawovi Yao CNSS Togo Raouf Toure la Pêche Ressources Hydrauliques et de Ministère de l’Agriculture des Fatma Chiha Service desMinesdeLafayette Idris Chenini d’Avocats Meziou Knani&KhlifSociété Badis Jedidi SMTT Bessem Jebbari la Pêche Ressources Hydrauliques et de Ministère del’Agriculture des Imed Jaouadi Zaanouni Law Firm&Associates Hajer Jaibi Ooredoo Tunisia Ramzi Hmani Ministère del’Agriculture Fethia Hellali Bayer AnimalHealth Akram Hatem Zaanouni Law Firm&Associates Yosr Hafhouf Tunisie Coop Naoufel Haddad Fertiplant Hassen Ghidhaoui Mohamed SalahGharbi Fertistar Mouldi Ghannem Plants (UTICA) du Commerce desSemences et Chambre NationaleSyndicale Riadh Gabsi Ferchiou &Associés Noureddine Ferchiou Ferchiou &Associés Amine Ferchiou Ceva Santé Animale Didier Fédida SOSEC Sofiene Enneifer All SeasShippingAgency Walid I.Dziri la Pêche Ressources Hydrauliques et de Ministère del’Agriculture des Ghanmi Dhahbi 2D&D Hamadi Dekhil Dahmani Transit International Abdelmalek Dahmani Agronomic Land Leith Chouikh Khirkom Boumaïza Mohamed Agronomic Land Leila Miladi SOSEM Jalel Laouini University ofTunis Samir Kolsi Bechir Khelifi Agronomique deTunisie Institut NationaldelaRecherche Mohamed Kharrat Kammoun &Kallel Ahmed Kallel la Pêche Ressources Hydrauliques et de Ministère del’Agriculture des Adel Jemmazi Ministry ofCustomsMinistry andTrade Erdem &Erdem Law Office Eczacıbaşı Ekom DışTicaret A.Ş. TURKEY Services Medilink Freight andLogistics Walid Zikikout Zaanouni Law Firm&Associates Mohamed Zaanouni A.K.Z Khaled Zaafrane African Manager Med AmineTliche Zaanouni Law Firm&Associates Soumaya Sellami des Engrais Chimiques des Importateurs et Producteurs Chambre Syndicale Nationale Khmais Rhimi Carthage Trade Rached Nasraoui Medasco Ala BenNacef Consultant Amor Mtimet la Pêche Ressources Hydrauliques et de Ministère del’Agriculture des Chaabane Moussa Cotugrain Hedi Mosbahi Exporters’ Association ITKIB Istanbul Textile andApparel Harun Bayramoglu Livestock ofFood,Ministry Agriculture and Yunus Bayram Çakmak Law Firm Erdem Basgul Gartner KG Transport Menduh Bagci ofCustomsMinistry andTrade İlay Aykanat (ADMD) Mavioglu &Alkan Law Office Duygu Alkan Pekin &Pekin Cansin Akinci Özak Tekstil Erol Acun Ventur Customs Brokers LLC Mustafa SonerEroğlu Genel Transport Turgut Erkeskin TOBBUND Lojistik Yatırım AŞ Sercan Erdem Kita Logistics Emre Eldener Nazali Begüm SolakEkler ve Ticaret AS Zimas Ziraat MakinalariSanayi Turgut Ekinci Çakmak Law Firm Safa Mustafa Durakoğlu May-Agro SeedCo. Hamdi Çiftçiler (TOBB) Commodity Exchanges ofTurkey Union ofChambers and Ersin Yaşar Çakmak Şti. Vesta GümrükMüsavirliğiLtd. Deniz Bulut Ayşe Bıçak Bicak Law Office Vahit Bicak Pekin &Pekin Eda Beltan Deloitte Baysal Aysuda Meryem Ahmet ArkinObdan Nazali Ersin Nazalı (ADMD) Mavioglu &Alkan Law Office Orhan Yavuz Mavioğlu (ADMD) Mavioglu &Alkan Law Office Kardelen Lüle May-Agro SeedCo. Erdem Karauz Communications Maritime Affairs and ofTransportation,Ministry Taner Karakulah Freight Forwarders (UND) Association ofInternational Alpdogan Kahraman San. Tic.AŞ Limagrain Tohum IslahveÜretim Aysegul Iyidogan Iskender Iscener Mundoimex Customs Brokerage Rıdvan Haliloglu Iskenderun Fertilizer Inc. Industry Can Guvenc Cihan MerihGürel Pekin &BayarLaw Firm Omer Gumusel MSD AnimalHealth Selin GumusCetinkaya Müşavirliği AŞ Güler DinamikGümrük Kenan Güler Partnership Herguner BilgenOzeke Attorney Serkan Gul KWS Veli Girgin Şti Capital GümrükMüsavirliğiLtd. Gökhan Fikirli John Deere Turkey Özgür BarisEryüz Çakmak Law Firm Selin Erten Cemal Olgun Turkish Water Institute Elif Okumuş Öksüz Musavirligi Ltd. Obdan Sistem Gumruk (ADMD) Mavioglu &Alkan Law Office Berk Tanrıdağ (ADMD) Mavioglu &Alkan Law Office Dilara Tamtürk EvoLog, EvolutionLogistics Baris Talay Eurasian Research Institute Vakur Sümer Esin Attorney Partnership Can Sozer Dogus Holding Selim Sogutlu Troya Seeds Nuri Erdem Sirin Metal A.S. Voestalpine HighPerformance Kazim Senturk NSN Law Firm Nazlı Selek San. Tic.AŞ Limagrain Tohum IslahveÜretim Cenk Saracoglu Livestock ofFood,Ministry Agriculture and Murat Sahin Esin Attorney Partnership Dilsad Saglam Pekin &BayarLaw Firm Ferhat Pekin Pekin &Pekin Asli Pabuççuoğlu BT Customs Turhan Ozturk Ozturk Olam International Ufuk Özongun Affairs ofForestryMinistry andWater Osman Özdemir of Turkey Feed Manufacturers Association Serkan Özbudak Basak Traktor Zafer Ozbalaban Müşavirliği AŞ Güler DinamikGümrük Volkan Oray John Deere Turkey Cem Oner Zoetis Taner Öncel Özak Tekstil Gülin Uzunlar Çakmak Law Firm Deniz Uras Taşımacılık veTic.A.Ş. Transorient Uluslararası Merih Unal ofCustomsMinistry andTrade Mehmet Uğurlu NSN Law Firm Bahar Ucuncu John Deere Turkey Yasar Turk Taşımacılık veTic.A.Ş. Transorient Uluslararası Nil Tunaşar (ADMD) Mavioglu &Alkan Law Office Gokbige Tanyildiz National DrugAuthority (NDA) Noel Aineplan CR AmanyaAdvocates &Solicitors Natasha Ahimbisibwe BRAC Uganda Jimmy OnesmusAdiga Pamela Abwoyo Uganda Revenue Authority One Acre Fund Export Trading Group UGANDA May-Agro SeedCo. Yusuf Yormazoğlu Türktob Kamil Yilmaz Turkey Hydropolitics Associationof Dursun Yildiz John Deere Turkey Hakan Yildiran Müşavirliği AŞ Güler DinamikGümrük YetginCüneyt (ADMD) Mavioglu &Alkan Law Office Petek Varol Pekin &Pekin Çağdaş Vardar Didymus Byenkya Roke Telkom James Byaruhanga Kwewayo (U)Vet Ltd. Pharmacy Lugemwa Benedict Seed Co. Kasaija Banage Bank ofUganda Justine Bagyenda Heboco ConsultLimited Joachim OwenBagonza Uganda Cooperative Alliance Ivan Asiimwe CR AmanyaAdvocates &Solicitors Claire Amanya Rukundo Organisation (NARO) National Agricultural Research Simon Alibu Wageningen UR Astrid Mastenbroek Institute (ILRI) International Livestock Research Ben Lukuyu Atlas Cargo System Tabitha Luggule Kwewayo (U)Vet Ltd. Pharmacy Maria Lugemwa Organisation (NARO) National Agricultural Research Halid Kirunda African UnionofConservationists Raymond Katebaka Kaaba Marketing William Kaguma Ankole Coffee Processors Ltd. Marion Kabandize MMAKS Advocates Shellomith Irungu Uganda AgribusinessAlliance HodgesSteve Uganda IDH Sustainable Trade Initiative GitaAndrew Volcano Coffee Limited Katabazi Gerard MASCOR Roy Comins Human Dynamics Massimo Castiello Global 6CStar Logistics Ltd. 127 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 128 Experts Organisation (NARO) National Agricultural Research Gorrettie Ssemakula Bernard Sibwomu Ltd. Bukoola Chemical Industries Solomon Seruwo Environment ofWaterMinistry and Edward MartinRwarinda Mukwano Group Businge Rwabwogo Master International Ltd. Mwesigye Roderick andFisheries Industry ofAgriculture,Ministry Animal Alex Otut andFisheries Industry ofAgriculture,Ministry Animal Siraj Nyende Solicitors CR AmanyaAdvocates & Horace Nuwasasira andFisheries Industry ofAgriculture,Ministry Animal David Kituuka Nsubuga Independent Consultant Liz Neate Doreen Nawaali Josephine Nanyanzi ISOC Uganda Lillian Nalwoga Federation Uganda NationalFarmers Augustine Mwendya Keith Associates Frederick Muduuli Environment ofWaterMinistry and Barnabas Mubangizi Uganda Shippers Council Alex MbonyeManzi Environment ofWaterMinistry and Abudallah KarimuMatovu Industry andFisheries Industry ofAgriculture,Ministry Animal Ephrance Tumuboine Kwewayo (U)Vet Ltd. Pharmacy Ucakacon Stuart Bestin Limited Charles Lwanga Ssemanda KWS Oleksandr Fedorov Partners Egorov PuginskyAfanasiev & Marianna Fedelesh Monsanto Vitaliy Fedchuk Oksana Drozach Asters Roman Drobotskiy European BusinessAssociation Anna Derevyanko Ukraine Global Water Partnership - Andriy Demydenko Sayenko Kharenko Nazar Chernyavsky Ilyashev &Partners BychkovAndrey Ilyashev &Partners Ivan Bozhko Vasil Kisil&Partners Alexander Borodkin Partners Egorov PuginskyAfanasiev & Oleg Boichuk Partners Egorov PuginskyAfanasiev & Gleb Bialyi Cartography andCadaster State Service for Geodesy, Denys Bashlyk Partners Egorov PuginskyAfanasiev & Mykola Aleksandrov Rokada Group Igor Agarkov Zoetis Safety andConsumerProtection State Service ofUkraine onFood UKRAINE DHL GlobalForwarding (U)Ltd. Ambrose Turyahabwe National Logistics Co. Ltd. Michael Turiyo Taslaf Advocates &Consultants Stephen Tumwesigye FICA SeedsLtd. Narcis Tumushabe Raisa Kudina Testing ofAgricultural Machinery Ukrainian Research Institute for Volodymyr Kravchuk Bayer AnimalHealth Alexander Kravchenko Asters Yuriy Kotliarov Aleksey PukhaandPartners Alyona Korotych State Geokadastre Oleksandr Kolotilin GOLAW Valentyn Gvozdiy KWS Volodymyr Gopchak Aleksey PukhaandPartners Anna Gadiatska Engarde Attorneys-at-Law Dmytro Sergeiev Aleksey PukhaandPartners Pukha Aleksey Institute ofAgrarian Economics Mykola Pugachev Sayenko Kharenko Vira Pankiv (UCAB) Ukrainian AgribusinessClub Oleg Nesterov Notary Office ofKiev Oksana Natsyna-Marchenko Zammler Ukraine LLC Melnychuk Larysa Integrites Ukraine Victoria Melnychenko Cartography andCadaster State Service for Geodesy, Dmytro Makarenko Ilyashev &Partners Ilias Magomedov Sayenko Kharenko Igor Lozenko Monsanto Oleksandr Lavrov (UCAB) Ukrainian AgribusinessClub Petro Lakhay AiG Law Firm Tatyana Kuzmenko National BankofUkraine Vasyliy Volodin Asters Sergiy Tsyba State Geokadastre Oleg Tsvyah Zammler Ukraine LLC Stanislav Tolochniy KWS Viktoriya Taran Zammler Ukraine LLC Stelmakh Iryna White Collars AA Konstatin Smolov Partners Egorov PuginskyAfanasiev & Anton Sintsov Monsanto Shchytnyk(Kucher) Kateryna Ltd. British Society ofPlantBreeders Jeremy Widdowson Olswang LLP CMS Cameron McKennaNabarro Kamen Stoilov Olswang LLP CMS Cameron McKennaNabarro Paul Sheridan Veterinary MedicinesDirectorate Lea Reynolds Ltd. British Society ofPlantBreeders Penny Maplestone Veterinary MedicinesDirectorate Noel Joseph Kent Law School William Howarth Osborne Clarke LLP Germain Matthew Burges SalmonLLP Michael Barlow UNITED KINGDOM Aleksey PukhaandPartners Natallia Zaika Informatization of Communications and for theState Regulation National Commission Markets NY DepartmentofAgriculture and Jan Morawski Fletcher Heald&Hildreth Francisco Montero Section CornellUniversity Plant Breeding andGenetics Michael Mazourek Mattey ConsultingLLC Carol Mattey The Port ofLos Angeles Jim MacLellan Fletcher Heald&Hildreth Tony Lee White &CaseLLP Lee Jerry Comage Container Lines Joshua Kochath Tractor Testing Laboratory University ofNebraska -Nebraska Roger Hoy White &CaseLLP Zhengyuan Fan Texas International Freight Michael Dyll Motsa Dubois Fletcher Heald&Hildreth Thomas Dougherty White &CaseLLP Brittany Curcuru Control Officials The AssociationofAmerican Feed Stan Cook City University ofNew York Rebecca Bratspies Squire Patton BoggsLLP Peter Bean U.S. DepartmentofAgriculture Ernest L.Allen World CouncilofCredit Unions Cargill, Inc. and Agriculture (CDFA) California DepartmentofFood UNITED STATES Squire Patton BoggsLLP Jonathan Jacob Nadler U.S. DepartmentofAgriculture Meegan Moriarty SA Laboratorios Microsules Uruguay Pablo Roberto Bringas Mertens Semillas INASE -Instituto Nacionalde Federico Boschi Ganadería yPesca (MGAP) Ministerio deAgricultura, Gustavo Blanco Guyer &Regules Diego Baldomir Guyer &Regules Anabela Aldaz URUGUAY Qi Zhang Association American Feed Industry Leah Wilkinson Jason WeinerP.C Jason Wiener Monsanto Rodrigo Vilaseca Frederick Turner Law Office of Rachel Treichler Rachel Treichler Jenner &BlockLLP Johanna Thomas Jenner &BlockLLP Howard Symons Manchuna Shanmuganathan Association American Feed Industry Richard Sellers Agency U.S. Environmental Protection David Schutz Beveridge &DiamondPC Alan Sachs Jason WeinerP.C. Tonya Price Jason WeinerP.C. Lenore Palladino Association American Feed Industry Joel Newman Nolletti, LLP Collier, Halpern,Newberg, David Newberg Leonardo Couto Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Instituto Nacionalde Federico CondónPriano Guyer &Regules Cecilia Cola Guyer &Regules Florencia Castagnola Uruguay Dirección NacionaldeAduanas Enrique Canon Uruguay Dirección NacionaldeAduanas Carina Camarano Ganadería yPesca (MGAP) Ministerio deAgricultura, Daniel CabellaBentos Luis Burastero &Asoc. Luis Burastero Servetto SDV Uruguay Nelson Alfredo Gonzalez Agricultura yPesca Ministerio deGanadería, Martín Gastañaga Agricultura yPesca Ministerio deGanadería, Karina Gasparini Escribanía delaFuente Juan Angel delaFuente Escribanía delaFuente Hernán delaFuente Latinoamérica Programa Feed &Food Seguro Flavia Ferreira deCastro Puertos) ANP (Administración Nacionalde José Ferrara Jorge Fernández Reyes Monsanto Argentina Natalia Fernandez Eraso Corporacion deMaquinariaSA Juan IgnacioErro Ruiz Guyer &Regules Soledad Echevarría Guyer &Regules Gustavo DiGenio Saudu Mauricio D’Acunti -deCoresSupervielle Agustina Crespo Sucunza Jose MariaFacal &Co. (CUDECOOP) de EntidadesCooperativas Confederación Uruguaya Gabriel Isola Health Boehringer IngelheimAnimal Diego Irazoqui Guyer &Regules Nicolás Herrera Riaden SA Anthony Hernandez Laboratorios Microsules Uruguay SA Verónica Gutierrez Bergstein Abogados Abril Guillén Estudio Jurídico MBGC Rodrigo Guerra Barbara Grunfeld Guyer &Regules Federico Susena -de CoresSupervielle Bonasso Andres Supervielle Agronegocios delPlata Valeria Sasso Ambientalistas Red UruguayadeONGs Graciela Salaberri los Obtentores Vegetales Uruguaya para laProtección de URUPOV -AsociaciónCivil Diego Risso Health Boehringer IngelheimAnimal Florencia Real Agricultura yPesca Ministerio deGanadería, María Laura Rabuñade Agro Lavalle SA Jorge Pontet Humberto Perrone SA Laboratorios Microsules Uruguay Maria Lizabeth Nogueira Figarola Consultant Miguel Mosco Gonzalo Menendez Aduana delUruguay Asociación deDespachantes de SchickendantzEnrique Martínez Hugo Luraschi 129 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 130 Experts Forwarders ofUzbekistan Association ofInternational Yashnar Khamraev Inspection State PlantQuarantine Muslim Khalilov Veteria Ltd. Oydin Kadirova ofAgricultureMinistry Kodir Bakhadirovich Ismailov Central AsiaSeedCompany Mustafshira Iskandarkhujaeva Communications Information Technologies and forMinistry Development of Almira Gataulina Communication inthefieldof Supervision The State Inspectionon Ziyoda Ganihodjaeva Inspection State PlantQuarantine Lobar Azimova Uzbekistan Association ofCustoms Brokers Arsen Ayrapetyans Inspection State PlantQuarantine Dilafruz Arifkhanova Central AsiaSeedCompany Azizkhan Akhmedov VIP Logistics Ltd. Vetteria Ltd. Texnokorm State Veterinary Committee ofUzbekistanIndustry (CCIU) Chamber ofCommerce and Asia Alliance Bank UZBEKISTAN Uruguay Cámara deIndustrias Miguel Vilariño Bergstein Abogados Silvina Vila Guillama Veteria Ltd. Mavlyanov Bobir Abdumalikovich JSC Uzagrosugurta Saidnumon Mansurov (WARECOD) andDevelopmentConservation Center for Water Resources Nga Dao Nguyen Hoa Binh Water Resources Institute Audier &Partners VIETNAM Imkon Premix Vidmantas Zhitkyavichyus Virtus Leo Law Firm Alisher Zaynutdinov GRATA Law Firm Dilorom Yuldasheva GRATA Law Firm Nodir Yuldashev Bek Broker Bakhtiyor Yerimbetov JSC Uzagrosugurta Abdurashid Vakhabov JSC Uzagrosugurta Mirolim Turgunbaev GRATA Law Firm Anora Turakhodjaeva Research Institutions (CACAARI) Association ofAgricultural Central AsiaandtheCaucasus Alisher Tashmatov Inspection State PlantQuarantine Sultan-Makhmud Sultanov Leges Advokat Law Firm Kamila Sharipova Leges Advokat Law Firm Nizomiddin Shakhabutdinov StandartAgro-kimyo Nozim Sabirov Ucell Rustam Rustamov AgTech LLP Gafur Rasulev GRATA Law Firm Tatyana Popovkina Centil Law Firm Dmitriy Mitrofanov JSC Uzagrosugurta Mirsaid Mirabzalov Development ofAgricultureMinistry andRural Nguyen ThanhMinh Yara Marion Martinez DFDL Thang Huynh Company Limited Gruenkorn &Partner Law Wolfram WillbertGruenkorn Fidal AsiAttorneys Albert Franceskinj VIRBAC Tran TichHuongDinh Bee Logistics Corporation Thanh HuuDinh Chemicals Corporation Petrovietnam Fertilizer and Cao SangDau Can ThoUniversity Le Anh Tuan Foreign Trade University Huong Trịnh Thị Thu Vietnam Cooperative Alliance Thu HangTran YKVN Loc Le Thi VietSeed Co., Ltd. Do ThanhTung YKVN Huong Pham Environment (IWE) Institute for Water and Nguyen ThiNguyet Fidal AsiAttorneys Dang NguyenHa (THACO) Truong HaiAuto Corporation Tuan DiepNguyen ANT Lawyers Tuan Nguyen YKVN Tram Nguyen Environment (IWE) Institute for Water and Thien SonNguyen Thi PhuongLoan Nguyen Limited Marubeni Vietnam Company Dang Nguyen Zambia ChamberofCommerce Alfred Chitalu Corpus Legal Practitioners ChisengaSydney Corpus Legal Practitioners Chisala Sinok Logistics Ltd. Alick Chirwa Zenith BusinessSolutions Chisanga Chansongo Perry Bank ofZambia Habasonda Calvin AgriVet Africa Ltd. Moosa Ameen ZAMBIA Trinh Xuan Dat Bari Zambia Limited Schalla Mwakazanga Legal Practioners Mulenga MundashiKasonde Michael MundashiSC Phytosanitary Service Plant Quarantine and Kenneth Msiska Institute (SCCI) Seed Control andCertification Francisco Miti Zambia Revenue Authority Michelo Hilary Cotton Development Trust Simasiku Martin Phytosanitary Service Plant Quarantine and Doreen Malenkano Chomba Zdenakie CommoditiesLtd. George Liacopoulos Veterinary AssociationofZambia Amy Kingdom NWK Agri-Services Nsondo Hamulondo Swift Freight International Ltd. Namuyombe Gondwe ofFisheriesandLivestockMinistry Paul Fandamu Musa DudhiaandCo. Madaliso Daka and Industry William Bain&Company Swisdai Chamboko Zimbabwe (MCAZ) Medicines Control Authority of Debra Chabwanda Majestic Tobacco Ltd. Pvt. Bias Whitney Majestic Tobacco Ltd. Pvt. Moses Bias University ofZimbabwe ZIMBABWE TCJ Legal Practitioners Judith Tembo Corpus Legal Practitioners Lupiya Simusokwe Management Agency Zambia Environmental Bruce Simfukwe Mike Sikazwe Phytosanitary Service Plant Quarantine and Martin Siazemo Ismail Siame Bayer AnimalHealth Ernest Schay Kamwata Pumulo AFGRI Corporation Limited Joof Pistorius Institute (SCCI) Seed Control andCertification Nathan Phiri Bari Zambia Limited Elliot Phiri Corpus Legal Practitioners Celine Phiri Authority (ZAMRA) Zambia MedicinesRegulatory Daniel Ndambasia Authority (WARMA) Water Resources Management Lemmy Namayanga Danatrac Limited Christopher Mwamba Dhlakama B.Attorneys Beloved Dhlakama University oftheWitwatersrand Claudious Chikozho Ltd.Holdings (Pvt.) Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) Regulatory Authority of Postal and Telecommunications Talent Munyaradzi Munhuweyi Ngonidzashe Portia Freight Ltd. World Pvt. Benjamin Mukandi Development Mechanisation andIrrigation ofAgriculture,Ministry Claid Mujaju Development Mechanisation andIrrigation ofAgriculture,Ministry Nhamo Mudada Agricon Equipment Echo Meza (Private) Limited Divine Freight Forwarding Chris Masimu Gutu &Chikowero Tsungirirai Marufu-Maune (EMA) Agency Environmental Management Fredd Maponga Zimbabwe (MCAZ) Medicines Control Authority of Zivanai Makoni Dhlakama B.Attorneys Safraz Mahomed Gutu &Chikowero Hazvinei Mahachi Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) Regulatory Authority of Postal and Telecommunications Tapera Kazembe Gutu &Chikowero Kudzanai Kapurura Kanokanga &Partners Prince Kanokanga Majestic Tobacco Ltd. Pvt. Stanley Jumbe Authority Zimbabwe Investment Charles Jaure Practitioners Hussein Ranchhod &Co. Legal Terence Hussein Gutu &Chikowero Obert Chaurura Gutu ZFC Limited Richard Gurira Hussein Ranchhod &Co. Legal Shadha Omar Nyakutombwa Legal Counsel Philip Nyakutombwa Freight Ltd. WorldPvt. Edwell Ngwenya Gill, Godlonton &Gerrans Duduzile Ndawana Seed Co. Limited Dean Muungani Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) Regulatory Authority of Postal and Telecommunications Hilda Mutseyekwa Consultancy Waterkings Environment Webster M.Muti University oftheWitwatersrand Tumai Murombo Zimbabwe (MCAZ) Medicines Control Authority of William Wekwete Fivet AnimalHealth Mildred Shumba CIMMYT Peter Setimela Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) Regulatory Authority of Postal and Telecommunications Rumbidzai Panavanhu Practitioners 131 Enabling the Business of Agriculture | 2019 ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits Statement

The World Bank Group is committed to reducing its environmental footprint. In support of this commitment, we leverage electronic publishing options and print-on-demand technology, which is located in regional hubs world- wide. Together, these initiatives enable print runs to be lowered and shipping distances decreased, resulting in reduced paper consumption, chemical use, greenhouse gas emissions, and waste. We follow the recommended standards for paper use set by the Green Press Initiative. The majority of our books are printed on Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)–certified paper, with nearly all containing 50–100 percent recycled content. The recycled fiber in our book paper is either unbleached or bleached using totally chlorine-free (TCF), processed chlorine–free (PCF), or enhanced elemental chlorine–free (EECF) processes. More information about the Bank’s environmental philosophy can be found at http://www.worldbank.org/corporateresponsibility.