DOCSLIB.ORG

Tree Eco Ratings Table

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tree Eco Ratings Table Top Trunks Guide All trees are great environmental contributors so whether they are an ‘A’ or an ‘E’ rating they are all doing their bit to lock up carbon by taking carbon dioxide out of the air and converting it into their structures. Barcham Top Trunks gives a guide to the extent carbon is stored per variety. The measurement is estimated dry weight carbon at maturity so the longer a tree lives and the larger it gets the more contribution it delivers. We are the first nursery to score trees in this way, using data from thousands of trees throughout the UK via the measuring tool ‘I Tree’. Many of these trees are either urban trees or trees near buildings in rural locations so we estimate that trees with greater access to space and soil volumes in the wider countryside could store up to three times the volumes shown here. As yet the measuring systems in place for calculating carbon load are still in their infancy. The carbon locked up below ground in root systems may contribute as much as what we have calculated above ground. What we know for sure is that trees are a great way for our species to help redress the threat of our time, global warming. The modelling we have used for this study has an abundance of data at genus and species level but we grow a wide range of trees and there was insufficient data to cover all cultivars. With these more obscure varieties we have estimated their eco ratings, taking into account their ultimate size and lifespan compared to their species. LIFE LIFE CARBON CARBON KEY: VARIETY EXPECTANCY EXPECTANCY CREDIT SCORE STORED AT (URBAN) (RURAL) (A-E) MATURITY (KG) Abies nordmanniana 150 300 B 4324 Acer negundo 50 75 B 2498 Abies fraseri 150 300 B 4324 Acer negundo Flamingo 25 50 B 2498 Abies grandis 150 300 B 4324 Acer negundo Variegatum 50 75 B 2498 Abies koreana 150 300 B 2556 Acer palm Dissectum Garnet 50 100 C 514 Abies procera 150 300 B 3045 Acer palmatum 50 100 C 514 Acacia dealbata 15 35 D 458 Acer palmatum Atropurpureum 50 100 C 514 Acca sellowiana 15 35 D 90 Acer palmatum Bloodgood 50 100 C 514 Acer buergerianum 50 100 C 1174 Acer palmatum Dissectum Garnet 50 100 C 514 Acer campestre 150 250 B 2572 Acer palmatum Fireglow 50 100 C 514 Acer campestre Arends 150 250 B 2572 Acer palmatum Osakazuki 50 100 C 514 Acer campestre Elegant 150 250 B 2572 Acer palmatum Purpurea 50 100 C 514 Acer campestre Elsrijk 150 250 B 2572 Acer palmatum Red Emperor 50 100 C 514 Acer campestre Lienco 150 250 B 2572 Acer platanoides 150 250 A 7250 Acer campestre Louisa Red Shine 150 250 B 2572 Acer platanoides Cleveland 150 250 B 4895 Acer campestre Nanum 50 75 C 1796 Acer platanoides Columnare 150 250 B 4895 Acer campestre Queen Elizabeth 150 250 B 2572 Acer platanoides Crimson King 150 250 B 4895 Acer campestre Streetwise 150 250 B 2572 Acer platanoides Crimson Sentry 150 250 C 990 Acer campestre William Caldwell 150 250 B 2572 Acer platanoides Deborah 150 250 B 7500 Acer cappadocicum 75 150 B 2572 Acer platanoides Drummondii 150 250 B 4895 Acer cappadocicum Aureum 75 150 B 2572 Acer platanoides Emerald Queen 150 250 A 7250 Acer cappadocicum Rubrum 75 150 B 2572 Acer platanoides Fairview 150 250 B 4895 Acer x freemanii Armstrong 75 150 C 628 Acer platanoides Farlakes Green 150 250 A 7250 Acer x freemanii Autumn Blaze 75 150 C 628 Acer platanoides Globosum 150 250 C 990 Acer x freemanii Autumn Fantasy 75 150 C 628 Acer platanoides Olmstead 150 250 B 4895 Acer ginnala 50 100 C 1040 Acer platanoides Pacific Sunset 150 250 B 4895 Acer griseum 75 150 C 628 Acer platanoides Princeton Gold 150 250 B 4895 332 Time for Trees | Edition 4 LIFE LIFE CARBON CARBON VARIETY EXPECTANCY EXPECTANCY CREDIT SCORE STORED AT KEY: (URBAN) (RURAL) (A-E) MATURITY (KG) Acer platanoides Royal Red 150 250 B 4895 Acer platanoides Summershade 150 250 B 4895 Acer pseudoplatanus 150 250 A 7500 Acer pseudoplatanus Brilliantissimum 150 250 C 1250 Acer pseudoplatanus Leopoldii 150 250 B 4895 Acer pseudoplatanus Negenia 150 250 A 7500 Acer pseudoplatanus Spaethii 150 250 B 4895 Acer pseudoplatanus Worleei 150 250 B 4895 Acer rubrum 75 150 B 3676 Acer rubrum Bowhall 75 150 B 3676 Acer rubrum October Glory 75 150 B 3676 Acer rubrum Red Sunset 75 150 B 3676 Acer rubrum Scanlon 75 150 B 3676 Acer saccharinum 100 200 B 4891 Acer saccharinum Laciniata Wieri 75 150 B 4891 Acer saccharinum Pyramidale 75 150 B 4891 Acer x freemanii Celebration 75 150 C 628 Aesculus californica 150 300 A 5276 Aesculus x carnea Briotti 150 300 A 5071 Betula maximowicziana 50 100 C 3224 Aesculus x carnea Plantierensis 150 300 A 5071 Betula nigra 50 100 B 3224 Aesculus flava 150 300 A 5276 Betula papyrifera 50 100 B 3224 Aesculus hippocastanum 200 300 A 7440 Betula pendula 75 100 B 3224 Aesculus hippocastanum Baumannii 150 300 A 5276 Betula pendula Crispa 50 100 B 3224 Aesculus indica 150 300 A 7051 Betula pendula Dalecarlica 50 100 B 3224 Ailanthus altissima 50 100 A 5138 Betula pendula Fastigiata 50 100 B 3224 Albizia julibrissin Rouge de Tuiliere 15 25 E 44 Betula pendula Obelisk 50 100 B 3224 Albizia julibrissin Tropical Dream 15 25 E 44 Betula pendula Purpurea 50 100 B 3224 Alnus cordata 75 100 B 2762 Betula pendula Royal Frost 50 100 B 3224 Alnus glutinosa 75 100 B 2762 Betula pendula Tristis 50 100 B 3224 Alnus glutinosa Imperialis 50 75 B 2762 Betula pendula Westwood 50 100 B 3224 Alnus glutinosa Laciniata 50 75 B 2762 Betula pendula Youngii 50 100 B 3224 Alnus incana 75 100 B 2762 Betula pendula Zwisters Glory 50 100 B 3224 Alnus incana Aurea 50 75 B 2762 Betula pubescens 50 100 B 3224 Alnus incana Laciniata 50 75 B 2762 Betula ut. Jacquemontii Doorenbos 50 100 B 3224 Alnus spaethii 75 100 B 2762 Betula utilis Grayswood Ghost 50 100 B 3224 Amelanchier arborea Robin Hill 25 50 C 530 Betula utilis Jac Snow Queen 50 100 B 3224 Amelanchier Ballerina 25 50 C 530 Broussonetia papyrifera 50 100 D 310 Amelanchier Lamarckii 25 50 C 530 Calocedrus decurrens 350 750 A 5178 Aralia elata 25 50 D 264 Camelia sasanqua Kanjiro 50 100 C 616 Araucaria araucana 250 750 B 2230 Camellia japonica Half Std 50 100 C 616 Arbutus unedo 150 300 D 406 Camellia sasanqua 50 100 C 616 Betula albosinensis Fascination 50 100 B 3224 Camellia sasanqua cleopatra 50 100 C 616 Betula ermanii 50 100 B 3224 Carpinus betulus 150 300 A 6731 Telephone 01353 720 748 | www.barcham.co.uk | www.barchampro.co.uk 333 LIFE LIFE CARBON CARBON KEY: VARIETY EXPECTANCY EXPECTANCY CREDIT SCORE STORED AT (URBAN) (RURAL) (A-E) MATURITY (KG) Carpinus betulus Fastigiata 150 250 A 6731 Carpinus betulus Frans Fontaine 150 250 A 6731 Carpinus betulus Lucas 150 250 A 6731 Carpinus japonica 150 250 C 698 Carya cordiformis 75 150 B 4047 Carya illinoinensis 150 300 A 7500 Castanea sativa 150 300 A 6854 Catalpa bignonioides 50 100 B 2859 Catalpa bignonioides Aurea 50 100 C 1420 Catalpa bignonioides Bungei 50 75 C 1420 Cedrus atlantica 200 300 B 3476 Cedrus atlantica Glauca 150 300 B 3476 Cedrus deodara 150 300 B 2107 Cedrus deodara Aurea 150 300 B 2107 Corylus avel. Zellernuss multi-stem 50 75 B 2762 Cedrus libani 150 300 A 5178 Corylus colurna 50 75 B 2762 Celtis australis 150 200 A 5240 Corylus colurna Teterrra Red 50 100 C 1454 Celtis occidentalis 150 200 A 7115 Cotinus coggygria Royal Purple 35 75 D 108 Cephalotaxus harr. Fastigiata 50 100 D 61 Cotoneaster Cornubia 25 50 D 110 Cercidiphyllum japonicum 75 150 B 1287 Crataegus laevigata Alba Plena 75 150 C 509 Cercis Chinensis Avondale multi-stm 35 75 C 601 Crataegus laevigata Paul's Scarlet 75 150 C 509 Cercis canadensis Forest Pansy 35 75 D 112 Crataegus x lavallei 75 150 C 509 Cercis siliquastrum 35 75 C 601 Crataegus x lavallei Carrierei 75 150 C 509 Cercis siliquastrum Alba 35 75 C 601 Crataegus monogyna 75 150 C 509 Chamaecyparis law.Columnaris Glauca 75 150 C 852 Crataegus monogyna Alboplena 75 150 C 509 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Stardust 75 150 C 852 Crataegus monogyna Stricta 75 150 C 509 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Yvonne 75 150 C 852 Crataegus x prunifolia 75 150 C 509 Chitalpa Summer Bells 25 50 D 294 Crataegus x prunifolia Splendens 75 150 C 509 Cladrastis kentukea 50 100 D 322 Cryptomeria japonica Elegans 150 300 B 4339 Clerodendrum tric. Purple Blaze 25 50 D 148 Cunninghamia lanceolata 250 500 B 3609 Clerodendrum trichotomum 25 50 D 148 Cupressus arizonica Glauca 50 100 B 2238 Cornus alba Sibirica 35 75 D 292 Cupressus macrocarpa Goldcrest 50 100 B 2238 Cornus controversa 50 100 D 111 Cupressus sempervirens 350 750 B 3463 Cornus controversa Variegata 50 100 D 214 Cupressus semp. Pyramidalis 350 750 B 3463 Cornus Eddie's White Wonder 50 100 D 214 Cupressocyparis leylandii 100 150 B 2245 Cornus kousa 50 100 D 214 Cupressocyparis ley.Castlewellan 50 100 B 2245 Cornus kousa China Girl 50 100 D 214 Cydonia oblonga (fruiting varieties) 15 25 D 99 Cornus kousa Chinensis 50 100 D 214 Davidia involucrata 35 75 D 103 Cornus kousa Milky Way 50 100 D 214 Diospyros lotus 50 75 C 541 Cornus kousa Stella Pink 50 100 D 214 Diospyros kaki 50 75 C 541 Cornus mas 50 100 D 111 Eucalyptus debeuzevillei 150 250 A 6433 Cornus sanguinea Annie's Winter Orange 50 100 D 214 Eucalyptus gunnii 150 250 A 7570 Corylus avellana Contorta 50 100 C 1454 Eucalyptus niphophila 150 250 A 7570 Corylus avellana multi-stem 50 75 B 2762 Eucommia Ulmoides 100 200 C 607 334 Time for Trees | Edition 4 LIFE LIFE CARBON CARBON VARIETY EXPECTANCY EXPECTANCY CREDIT SCORE STORED AT KEY: (URBAN) (RURAL) (A-E) MATURITY (KG) Euodia hupehensis 25 50 C 571 Euonymus europaeus Red Cascade 50 100 C 527 Exochorda serratifolia Snow White 50 100 D 219 Fagus orientalis Iskander 150 300 A 7008 Fagus sylvatica 200 300 A 7500 Fagus
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Rosaceae), I. Differentiation of Mespilus and Crataegus
    Phytotaxa 257 (3): 201–229 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.257.3.1 STUDIES IN MESPILUS, CRATAEGUS, AND ×CRATAEMESPILUS (ROSACEAE), I. DIFFERENTIATION OF MESPILUS AND CRATAEGUS, EXPANSION OF ×CRATAEMESPILUS, WITH SUPPLEMENTARY OBSERVATIONS ON DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CRATAEGUS AND AMELANCHIER CLADES JAMES B. PHIPPS Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; email: [email protected] Abstract The paper argues the position for retaining a monotypic Mespilus, i.e., in the sense of M. germanica, the medlar. Recent cladistic papers lend support for Mespilus being sister to Crataegus, and there is a clear morphological distinction from Cra- taegus, emphasized by adaptation to carnivore frugivory. Mespilus secured, the paper then treats each of the known hybrids between Mespilus and Crataegus, making the new combination Crataemespilus ×canescens (J.B. Phipps) J.B. Phipps. Keywords: Crataemespilus ×canescens (J.B. Phipps) J.B. Phipps comb. nov.; inflorescence position; medlar; Mespilus a folk-genus; Mespilus distinct from Crataegus; Rosaceae; taxonomic history of Mespilus Introduction The author has a long-standing interest in generic delimitation in the Maloid genera of the Rosaceae (Maleae Small, formerly Maloideae C. Weber, Pyrinae Dumort.), as shown particularly in a series of papers with K. Robertson, J. Rohrer, and P.G. Smith (Phipps et al. 1990, 1991; Robertson at al. 1991, 1992; Rohrer at al. 1991, 1994) which treated all 28 genera of Maleae as recognised by us. There is also a revisionary treatment of New World Heteromeles M.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata (Wiedemann) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)1 M
    EENY-214 Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)1 M. C. Thomas, J. B. Heppner, R. E. Woodruff, H. V. Weems, G. J. Steck, and T. R. Fasulo2 Introduction Because of its wide distribution over the world, its ability to tolerate cooler climates better than most other species of The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiede- tropical fruit flies, and its wide range of hosts, it is ranked mann), is one of the world’s most destructive fruit pests. first among economically important fruit fly species. Its The species originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is not larvae feed and develop on many deciduous, subtropical, known to be established in the continental United States. and tropical fruits and some vegetables. Although it may be When it has been detected in Florida, California, and Texas, a major pest of citrus, often it is a more serious pest of some especially in recent years, each infestation necessitated deciduous fruits, such as peach, pear, and apple. The larvae intensive and massive eradication and detection procedures feed upon the pulp of host fruits, sometimes tunneling so that the pest did not become established. through it and eventually reducing the whole to a juicy, inedible mass. In some of the Mediterranean countries, only the earlier varieties of citrus are grown, because the flies develop so rapidly that late-season fruits are too heav- ily infested to be marketable. Some areas have had almost 100% infestation in stone fruits. Harvesting before complete maturity also is practiced in Mediterranean areas generally infested with this fruit fly.
    [Show full text]
  • Loquat Trees Are Evergreen, Have a Short Trunk, and May 1,000 Years and Was Introduced Into the US Sometime Reach 20 to 35 Ft in Height
    HS5 Loquat Growing in the Florida Home Landscape1 Jonathan H. Crane and M. Lilia Caldeira2 Scientific Name: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Synonyms: Crataegus bibas, Mespilus japonicus, and Photinia japonica Common Names: Japanese plum, Japanese medlar, nispero japones (Spanish), ameixa do Japao (Portuguese), luju (Chinese), lokwat (Maylay and Indonesian) Family: Rosaceae Relatives: apple, pear, peach, nectarine. Origin: Native to southeastern and central China Distribution: Loquat is grown in southern Japan, Taiwan, Figure 1. Loquat fruit. Europe, the Near, Middle, and Far East, North Africa, Credits: Ian Maguire, UF/IFAS India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the East Indies (at moderate altitudes), and North, Central, and South Description America. Tree History: Loquat has been cultivated in Asia for at least Loquat trees are evergreen, have a short trunk, and may 1,000 years and was introduced into the US sometime reach 20 to 35 ft in height. They have a rounded to upright before 1879 and into Florida before 1887. canopy. Importance: Loquat is grown commercially throughout the Leaves subtropical and Mediterranean areas of the world. Small Leaves’ mostly in terminal whorls are elliptical-lanceolate commercial acreage may be found in California. to obovate-lanceolate, 12 to 30 cm long and 3 to 10 cm wide. They are dark green and glossy on the upper surface, whitish to rusty-tomentose on the lower surface. 1. This document is HS5, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date January 1980. Revised October 2005 and November 2016. Reviewed December 2019. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the currently supported version of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Amelanchier Lamarckii in New Zealand Derrick Rooney1
    Amelanchier lamarckii in New Zealand Derrick Rooney1 Amelanchier lamarckii, better but hairs, but the leaves of A. lamarckii collected in the Netherlands and wrongly known in New Zealand are flushed with rich coppery bronze north-western Germany in the 1960s2, as Amelanchier canadensis, is a (Fig. 1) that sets off the flowers to yet it has been grown in Britain and charming small to medium-sized perfection, whereas A. canadensis Europe for perhaps two centuries. garden tree of uncertain origin; it leaves are plain green. Both have Specimens collected from widely suffers from the unfortunate handicap small, sweetly vanilla flavoured fruit separated naturalised stands in of being much more common than the that passes through red before turning Surrey in the early 1890s have been knowledge of its correct name. black when ripe, but opportunities identified as A. lamarckii. It must to taste them are rare because have been cultivated there for much The genus within the Rosaceae to blackbirds and thrushes devour them longer to be so well established then. which it belongs is primarily North ravenously, often before they are fully Today, A. lamarckii is so extensively American, with between 18 and 20 ripe. naturalised in woodlands in southern recognised species in the United England, the Netherlands, and north- States (where there is at least one western Germany that it is almost species native to every state except considered part of the natural flora. Hawai‘i) and Canada. They have a variety of common names there, Two solutions have been advanced including juneberry, serviceberry, for the puzzle of its origin.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Amelanchier Ovalis Medik. in the Romanian Carpathians – a Critical Overview
    STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEù-BOLYAI BIOLOGIA, LXI, 2, 2016 (p. 81-94) Distribution of Amelanchier ovalis Medik. in the Romanian Carpathians – a critical overview Adrian Indreica1, Mihai Pu܈ca܈2 and Attila Bartók3 SUMMARY. This study proposes a critical analysis of the distribution of the rare plant species Amelanchier ovalis Medik. in the Romanian Carpathians.The species was mentioned as sporadically distributed in this part of Carpathians, but we found no evidence that the plant was ever collected and deposited in public herbaria. Besides herbarium material, a critical analysis of available botanical literature concurred to the same conclusion: the presence of Amelanchier ovalis in all previously mentioned localities in the Romanian Carpathians can not be supported by any concrete data and, therefore, can be considered as doubtful. The paper reports the recent discovery of Amelanchier ovalis in a new area in the Eastern Carpathians (Vrancea Mountains, Putna-Vrancea Natural Park). A detailed description of plant communities in which the species grows is also provided. Additionally, new sites with Hieracium telekianum Boros & Lengyel (Eastern Carpathian endemic and rare species) are also reported in Vrancea Mountains. Keywords: Amelanchier ovalis, Chorology, Red Book, Romanian Carpathians, threatened species Introduction Romanian flora includes many species whose presence is uncertain and should be reconfirmed (e.g. Dianthus diutinus Kit., Euphorbia paralias L., Thesium ebracteatum Hayne, Ledum palustre L., Ophrys fusca Link, Osmunda regalis L., etc.) (Sârbu et al. 2013). Two of these species (Saussurea porcii Degen and Jasione orbiculata Griseb. ex Velen.) have been recently reconfirmed in Rodna (Eastern Carpathians) and, respectively, in Retezat Mountains (Southern Carpathians) (Mátis et al., 2014; Bartók 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Mespilus Germanica Common Medlar
    Mespilus germanica Common medlar Mespilus germanica is a plant with a long history. It is known to have been around for over 3000 years and the fruit was commonly eaten from Roman through to Medieval times. Despite the name ‘germanica’ it is native to southwest Asia and southeast Europe. Widely grown in the UK, it has reportedly naturalised in southern parts where winters are milder. Medlar is a distinctive, small tree which in ideal conditions can grow up to 8m though usually is smaller. Mature specimens can develop beautiful broad crowns formed into a natural umbrella. It has long, leathery leaves which are hairy on the underside; the autumn colour is a brilliant golden yellow/brown. The self fertile flowers are simple with five white petals which open up in early summer. The fruits (medlars) resemble a small apple with a hollow at one end. They are hard and bitter and can only eaten when they are bletted (softened), after a frost. There are few fruits that become edible in winter which is why they were popular historically (before modern storage facilities) and can be made into delicious preserves, medlar cheeses or jellies. Ideally planted in a warm, sunny location on dry, slightly acidic soil, it will tolerate both heat and urban pollution. This plant is available from Deepdale Trees as a multistem, Mespilus germanica 2.5-3.0m multistems standard or half standard plant. Plant Profile Name: Mespilus germanica Common Name: Medlar Family: Rosaceae Height: up to 5m Demands: Warm location on a well drained, neutral— acidic soil Foliage: Elongated, leathery leaves Flower: Attractive white flower with yellow centre Bark: Grey-brown, cracked with age and scales may fall off Fruit: Apple shaped, brown fruits.
    [Show full text]
  • Volatile Compounds in Medlar Fruit (Mespilus Germanica L.) at Two Ripening Stages
    Volatile compounds in Medlar fruit (Mespilus germanica L.) at two ripening stages Milovan M. Veličković1, Dragan D. Radivojević1, Čedo Đ. Oparnica1, Ninoslav J. Nikićević1, Marijana B. Živković2, Neda O. Đorđević2, Vlatka. E. Vajs2, Vele V. Tešević3 1University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia 2University of Belgrade, Institute for Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia 3University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia Abstract Medlar is the fruit of Mespilus germanica L. in the family of Rosaceae. The fruit can be RESEARCH NOTE eaten only if “bletted” (softened by frost or longer storage). The effect of the maturation stages on the volatile compounds of the medlar fruit was investigated during two different UDC 634.15:547.9:631.547.66 stages. Volatile flavour substances were isolated from the minced pulp of unripe and full ripe medlar fruits by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE) with methylene chlo- ride as the extracting solvent. The concentrate was analysed by GC-FID-MS. Hexanoic and Hem. Ind. 67 (3) 437–441 (2013) hexadecanoic acids were the predominant acids, hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal were the pre- dominant aldehydes, (Z)-3-hexenol and hexanol were the predominant alcohols, with p-cy- doi: 10.2298/HEMIND120611085V mene, terpinen-4-ol, and γ-terpinene (the terpenes responsible for the characteristic med- lar flavour) being also present. The C6 aliphatic compounds, such as hexanal and (E)-2-hex- enal, were observed as the major volatile constituents in the green stage. In contrast, hex- anol and (Z)-3-hexenol were the main volatiles in ripe fruits. Keywords: Medlar, flavor, ripening, GC/MS.
    [Show full text]
  • Eriobotrya Japonica
    Eriobotrya japonica The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) (from Cantonese Chinese: 盧橘; Jyutping: lougwat, nowadays called Chinese: 枇杷; pinyin: pípá; Jyutping: pei paa) is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, a native to the cooler hill regions of China to south-central China. It is also quite common in Japan, Korea, hilly Regions of India (Himachal), Northern Areas of Pakistan and some can be found in some Northern part of the Philippines, and hill country in Sri Lanka. It is a large evergreen shrub or tree, grown commercially for its yellow fruit, and also cultivated as an ornamental plant. Eriobotrya japonica was formerly thought to be closely related to the genus Mespilus, and is still sometimes known as the Japanese medlar. It is also known as Japanese plum and Chinese plum, also known as pipa in China. Description Eriobotrya japonica is a large evergreen shrub or small tree, with a rounded crown, short trunk and woolly new twigs. The tree can grow to 5–10 metres (16–33 ft) tall, but is often smaller, about 3–4 metres (10–13 ft). The fruit begins to ripen during Spring to Summer depending on the temperature on the area. The leaves are alternate, simple, 10–25 centimetres (4–10 in) long, dark green, tough and leathery in texture, with a serrated margin, and densely velvety-hairy below with thick yellow- brown pubescence; the young leaves are also densely pubescent above, but this soon rubs off. Fruit Loquats are unusual among fruit trees in that the flowers appear in the autumn or early winter, and the fruits are ripe at any time from early spring to early summer.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Expanded Rhaphiolepis (Maleae, Rosaceae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 154: 19–55 (2020) Synopsis of Rhaphiolepis (Rosaceae) 19 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.154.52790 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A synopsis of the expanded Rhaphiolepis (Maleae, Rosaceae) Bin-Bin Liu1,2*, Yu-Bing Wang2,3*, De-Yuan Hong1, Jun Wen2 1 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Scien- ces, Beijing 100093, China 2 Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA 3 Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges Uni- versity, Yichang, 443002, China Corresponding author: Jun Wen ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Sennikov | Received 1 April 2020 | Accepted 6 June 2020 | Published 4 August 2020 Citation: Liu B-B, Wang Y-B, Hong D-Y, Wen J (2020) A synopsis of the expanded Rhaphiolepis (Maleae, Rosaceae). PhytoKeys 154: 19–55. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.52790 Abstract As part of the integrative systematic studies on the tribe Maleae, a synopsis of the expanded Rhaphiolepis is presented, recognizing 45 species. Three new forms were validated: R. bengalensis f. contracta B.B.Liu & J.Wen, R. bengalensis f. intermedia B.B.Liu & J.Wen, and R. bengalensis f. multinervata B.B.Liu & J.Wen, and four new combinations are made here: R. bengalensis f. angustifolia (Cardot) B.B.Liu & J.Wen, R. bengalensis f. gigantea (J.E.Vidal) B.B.Liu & J.Wen, R. laoshanica (W.B.Liao, Q.Fan & S.F.Chen) B.B.Liu & J.Wen, and R.
    [Show full text]
  • Amelanchier Lamarckiilamarckii Junejune Berry,Berry, Appleapple Serviceberry,Serviceberry, Snowysnowy Mespilus,Mespilus, Shadbushshadbush
    AmelanchierAmelanchier lamarckiilamarckii JuneJune berry,berry, AppleApple serviceberry,serviceberry, SnowySnowy mespilus,mespilus, ShadbushShadbush Amelanchier lamarckii (June berry) originated in the north-east of North America. The species gets its name from the French biologist and naturalist Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck, who first described the shrub in 1783. The June berry was introduced in Europe in the nineteenth century and has been planted a lot since then. The June berry naturally forms a wide-growing shrub, but it is also cultivated as an umbrella-shaped, multi-stem tree or as a small to medium-sized standard tree. From mid-April to early May, the June berry blooms into a sea of white, star-shaped flowers. When in bloom, the leaves bud a warm bronze-red, to later turn green with a grey-green underside. Around July, it bears edible blue- violet berries, which are sweet and juicy. Birds love them. In autumn, the leaves turn a spectacular orange-red. After its leaves fall, the Amelanchier lamarckii exhibits a characteristic, elegant habit with a wide vase-shaped, finely branched crown. It can tolerate strong wind, coastal wind and air pollution well, as well as open pavement. That makes the species perfect for urban areas. Furthermore, it is a valuable tree for ecological zones as it is a source of nutrients for bees, birds and butterflies. Give the Amelanchier lamarckii an environment in humous soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH value and in the sun for the best bloom, fruit production and autumn colours. The species is a bit sensitive to mildew, which leads to slightly earlier autumn colours and leaf fall.
    [Show full text]
  • Loquat: Botany and Horticulture
    5 Loquat: Botany and Horticulture Shunquan Lin* Institute of Subtropical Fruits, Fujian Agricultrne University, Fuzhou 350002 China Ralph H. Sharpe Horticulture Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-0690 Jules Janick Department of Horticultrne and Landscape Architectrne, Prndue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907-1165 I. Introduction A. Origin and History B. World Production II. Botany A. Taxonomy B. Morphology and Anatomy C. Embryology ill. Physiology A. Growth and Development B. Chemical Composition C. Plant Growth Regulation 1. Gmwth Control 2. Pollen Germination 3. Fruit Set 4. Fruit Thlnning 5. Induction of Seedlessness D. Sorbitol Physiology E. Temperature Response F. Medicinal Value *I thank Prof. N. Nita of Saga University, Japan, for his encouragement and constructive comments. Horticultuml Reviews, Volume 23, Edited by Jules Janick ISBN 0-471-25445-2 © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 233 S. LIN, R. SHARPE, AND). JANICK 234 s. LOQUAT: BOTANY AND HORTICULTilllli 235 IV, Horticulture Loquat production statistics in selected countries. Source: Fujisaki 1994; A Crop hnprovement Ta bl e5. 1 · Monastra and Insero 1991. 1. Ploidy Manipulation 2. Hybridization and Selection Countryz Area Production 3. Biotechnology Location (1,000 hal (1,00ot) B. Propagation 1. Seed China 25.9 102.0 2. Vegetative Fujian 11.9 35 C. Field Culture Zhejiang 9.1 35 1. Orchard Establishment Taiwan 2.5 13 2. Training and PI1llling Jiangsu 0.6 5 3. Flower and Fruit Thinning Anlmi 0.5 4 4. Water and Soil Management and Fertilizers Jiangxi 0.4 3 5. Tree Protection Sichuan 0,4 3 6. Harvesting and Handling Other 0.5 4 D.
    [Show full text]
  • First Evidence of Mespilus Germanica L. (Medlar) in Roman Switzerland Britta Pollmann & Stefanie Jacomet
    First evidence of Mespilus germanica L. (medlar) in Roman Switzerland Britta Pollmann & Stefanie Jacomet Vegetation History and Archaeobotany The Journal of Quaternary Plant Ecology, Palaeoclimate and Ancient Agriculture - Official Organ of the International Work Group for Palaeoethnobotany ISSN 0939-6314 Volume 21 Number 1 Veget Hist Archaeobot (2012) 21:61-68 DOI 10.1007/s00334-011-0317-z 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer- Verlag. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author’s version for posting to your own website or your institution’s repository. You may further deposit the accepted author’s version on a funder’s repository at a funder’s request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication. 1 23 Author's personal copy Veget Hist Archaeobot (2012) 21:61–68 DOI 10.1007/s00334-011-0317-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE First evidence of Mespilus germanica L. (medlar) in Roman Switzerland Britta Pollmann • Stefanie Jacomet Received: 28 April 2011 / Accepted: 20 August 2011 / Published online: 3 September 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract The Mespilus (medlar) fruit tree, non-native in hairy fruit usually contain five stony seeds (Fig. 1). After Europe, is generally believed to have been introduced to the first hard frost, the fruit must be stored in a dry cool central Europe during the Roman occupation of the region. place until the flesh, which is initially still hard, green and Archaeobotanical remains of medlar are generally rare, tart, softens and changes colour to a light brown, a process resulting in a patchy knowledge of its early distribution.
    [Show full text]