Amelanchier - Growing Guide

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Amelanchier - Growing Guide Growing Amelanchier Snowy Mespilus, June berry These are large shrubs and small trees from North America which complement and support the amazing displays of flowering cherries and earn a place in the more difficult and boring parts of the woodland garden or as backing for the herbaceous border because of their flowers and fruits as well as their autumn colours. Tough as old boots, prunable, but also pretty indestructible. In The Valley Gardens at Windsor Great Park great swathes of Amelanchier lamarkii have been planted on hillsides to give a colourful start to early May and a grand finale of colour in October with plenty of fruits for birds to enjoy. One of the best flowering forms is A. ‘Ballerina’ which is a form of A. laevis. It grows up to 20ft with white flowers in arching racemes 6in long. It has bronze tinted new growth and sweet, edible juicy fruit which ripens to purplish black. A. x grandiflora ‘Robin Hill’ is also a popular variety as it has a more compact upright habit although it may grow slightly taller to 25ft or so. Its flower buds are pink opening pale pink and fading to white. The fruits are blue-black. A. x grandiflora ‘Robin A. x grandiflora ‘Robin A. x grandiflora ‘Robin Hill’ Hill’ Hill’ A. laevis, the Alleghany serviceberry, is a small tree or large shrub which has a striking display of fragrant white flowers interspersed with delicate pink young foliage in early May. It too grows to around 20-25ft tall in maturity and has sweet blue-black fruit and orange-red autumn colours. Amelanchier leavis Amelanchier leavis Amelanchier leavis Amelanchier lamarckii Amelanchier lamarckii Amelanchier lamarckii Burncoose Nurseries: Gwennap, Redruth, Cornwall TR16 6BJ Telephone: +44 (0) 1209 860316 Fax: +44 (0) 1209 860011 Email: [email protected] © Burncoose Nurseries 1997 - 2021.

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(Rosaceae), I. Differentiation of Mespilus and Crataegus
Phytotaxa 257 (3): 201–229 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.257.3.1 STUDIES IN MESPILUS, CRATAEGUS, AND ×CRATAEMESPILUS (ROSACEAE), I. DIFFERENTIATION OF MESPILUS AND CRATAEGUS, EXPANSION OF ×CRATAEMESPILUS, WITH SUPPLEMENTARY OBSERVATIONS ON DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CRATAEGUS AND AMELANCHIER CLADES JAMES B. PHIPPS Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; email: [email protected] Abstract The paper argues the position for retaining a monotypic Mespilus, i.e., in the sense of M. germanica, the medlar. Recent cladistic papers lend support for Mespilus being sister to Crataegus, and there is a clear morphological distinction from Cra- taegus, emphasized by adaptation to carnivore frugivory. Mespilus secured, the paper then treats each of the known hybrids between Mespilus and Crataegus, making the new combination Crataemespilus ×canescens (J.B. Phipps) J.B. Phipps. Keywords: Crataemespilus ×canescens (J.B. Phipps) J.B. Phipps comb. nov.; inflorescence position; medlar; Mespilus a folk-genus; Mespilus distinct from Crataegus; Rosaceae; taxonomic history of Mespilus Introduction The author has a long-standing interest in generic delimitation in the Maloid genera of the Rosaceae (Maleae Small, formerly Maloideae C. Weber, Pyrinae Dumort.), as shown particularly in a series of papers with K. Robertson, J. Rohrer, and P.G. Smith (Phipps et al. 1990, 1991; Robertson at al. 1991, 1992; Rohrer at al. 1991, 1994) which treated all 28 genera of Maleae as recognised by us. There is also a revisionary treatment of New World Heteromeles M.J.
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Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata (Wiedemann) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)1 M
EENY-214 Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)1 M. C. Thomas, J. B. Heppner, R. E. Woodruff, H. V. Weems, G. J. Steck, and T. R. Fasulo2 Introduction Because of its wide distribution over the world, its ability to tolerate cooler climates better than most other species of The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiede- tropical fruit flies, and its wide range of hosts, it is ranked mann), is one of the world’s most destructive fruit pests. first among economically important fruit fly species. Its The species originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is not larvae feed and develop on many deciduous, subtropical, known to be established in the continental United States. and tropical fruits and some vegetables. Although it may be When it has been detected in Florida, California, and Texas, a major pest of citrus, often it is a more serious pest of some especially in recent years, each infestation necessitated deciduous fruits, such as peach, pear, and apple. The larvae intensive and massive eradication and detection procedures feed upon the pulp of host fruits, sometimes tunneling so that the pest did not become established. through it and eventually reducing the whole to a juicy, inedible mass. In some of the Mediterranean countries, only the earlier varieties of citrus are grown, because the flies develop so rapidly that late-season fruits are too heav- ily infested to be marketable. Some areas have had almost 100% infestation in stone fruits. Harvesting before complete maturity also is practiced in Mediterranean areas generally infested with this fruit fly.
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Loquat Trees Are Evergreen, Have a Short Trunk, and May 1,000 Years and Was Introduced Into the US Sometime Reach 20 to 35 Ft in Height
HS5 Loquat Growing in the Florida Home Landscape1 Jonathan H. Crane and M. Lilia Caldeira2 Scientific Name: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Synonyms: Crataegus bibas, Mespilus japonicus, and Photinia japonica Common Names: Japanese plum, Japanese medlar, nispero japones (Spanish), ameixa do Japao (Portuguese), luju (Chinese), lokwat (Maylay and Indonesian) Family: Rosaceae Relatives: apple, pear, peach, nectarine. Origin: Native to southeastern and central China Distribution: Loquat is grown in southern Japan, Taiwan, Figure 1. Loquat fruit. Europe, the Near, Middle, and Far East, North Africa, Credits: Ian Maguire, UF/IFAS India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the East Indies (at moderate altitudes), and North, Central, and South Description America. Tree History: Loquat has been cultivated in Asia for at least Loquat trees are evergreen, have a short trunk, and may 1,000 years and was introduced into the US sometime reach 20 to 35 ft in height. They have a rounded to upright before 1879 and into Florida before 1887. canopy. Importance: Loquat is grown commercially throughout the Leaves subtropical and Mediterranean areas of the world. Small Leaves’ mostly in terminal whorls are elliptical-lanceolate commercial acreage may be found in California. to obovate-lanceolate, 12 to 30 cm long and 3 to 10 cm wide. They are dark green and glossy on the upper surface, whitish to rusty-tomentose on the lower surface. 1. This document is HS5, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date January 1980. Revised October 2005 and November 2016. Reviewed December 2019. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the currently supported version of this publication.
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Amelanchier Lamarckii in New Zealand Derrick Rooney1
Amelanchier lamarckii in New Zealand Derrick Rooney1 Amelanchier lamarckii, better but hairs, but the leaves of A. lamarckii collected in the Netherlands and wrongly known in New Zealand are flushed with rich coppery bronze north-western Germany in the 1960s2, as Amelanchier canadensis, is a (Fig. 1) that sets off the flowers to yet it has been grown in Britain and charming small to medium-sized perfection, whereas A. canadensis Europe for perhaps two centuries. garden tree of uncertain origin; it leaves are plain green. Both have Specimens collected from widely suffers from the unfortunate handicap small, sweetly vanilla flavoured fruit separated naturalised stands in of being much more common than the that passes through red before turning Surrey in the early 1890s have been knowledge of its correct name. black when ripe, but opportunities identified as A. lamarckii. It must to taste them are rare because have been cultivated there for much The genus within the Rosaceae to blackbirds and thrushes devour them longer to be so well established then. which it belongs is primarily North ravenously, often before they are fully Today, A. lamarckii is so extensively American, with between 18 and 20 ripe. naturalised in woodlands in southern recognised species in the United England, the Netherlands, and north- States (where there is at least one western Germany that it is almost species native to every state except considered part of the natural flora. Hawai‘i) and Canada. They have a variety of common names there, Two solutions have been advanced including juneberry, serviceberry, for the puzzle of its origin.
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Distribution of Amelanchier Ovalis Medik. in the Romanian Carpathians – a Critical Overview
STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEù-BOLYAI BIOLOGIA, LXI, 2, 2016 (p. 81-94) Distribution of Amelanchier ovalis Medik. in the Romanian Carpathians – a critical overview Adrian Indreica1, Mihai Pu܈ca܈2 and Attila Bartók3 SUMMARY. This study proposes a critical analysis of the distribution of the rare plant species Amelanchier ovalis Medik. in the Romanian Carpathians.The species was mentioned as sporadically distributed in this part of Carpathians, but we found no evidence that the plant was ever collected and deposited in public herbaria. Besides herbarium material, a critical analysis of available botanical literature concurred to the same conclusion: the presence of Amelanchier ovalis in all previously mentioned localities in the Romanian Carpathians can not be supported by any concrete data and, therefore, can be considered as doubtful. The paper reports the recent discovery of Amelanchier ovalis in a new area in the Eastern Carpathians (Vrancea Mountains, Putna-Vrancea Natural Park). A detailed description of plant communities in which the species grows is also provided. Additionally, new sites with Hieracium telekianum Boros & Lengyel (Eastern Carpathian endemic and rare species) are also reported in Vrancea Mountains. Keywords: Amelanchier ovalis, Chorology, Red Book, Romanian Carpathians, threatened species Introduction Romanian flora includes many species whose presence is uncertain and should be reconfirmed (e.g. Dianthus diutinus Kit., Euphorbia paralias L., Thesium ebracteatum Hayne, Ledum palustre L., Ophrys fusca Link, Osmunda regalis L., etc.) (Sârbu et al. 2013). Two of these species (Saussurea porcii Degen and Jasione orbiculata Griseb. ex Velen.) have been recently reconfirmed in Rodna (Eastern Carpathians) and, respectively, in Retezat Mountains (Southern Carpathians) (Mátis et al., 2014; Bartók 2014).
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Mespilus Germanica Common Medlar
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Volatile Compounds in Medlar Fruit (Mespilus Germanica L.) at Two Ripening Stages
Volatile compounds in Medlar fruit (Mespilus germanica L.) at two ripening stages Milovan M. Veličković1, Dragan D. Radivojević1, Čedo Đ. Oparnica1, Ninoslav J. Nikićević1, Marijana B. Živković2, Neda O. Đorđević2, Vlatka. E. Vajs2, Vele V. Tešević3 1University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia 2University of Belgrade, Institute for Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia 3University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia Abstract Medlar is the fruit of Mespilus germanica L. in the family of Rosaceae. The fruit can be RESEARCH NOTE eaten only if “bletted” (softened by frost or longer storage). The effect of the maturation stages on the volatile compounds of the medlar fruit was investigated during two different UDC 634.15:547.9:631.547.66 stages. Volatile flavour substances were isolated from the minced pulp of unripe and full ripe medlar fruits by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE) with methylene chlo- ride as the extracting solvent. The concentrate was analysed by GC-FID-MS. Hexanoic and Hem. Ind. 67 (3) 437–441 (2013) hexadecanoic acids were the predominant acids, hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal were the pre- dominant aldehydes, (Z)-3-hexenol and hexanol were the predominant alcohols, with p-cy- doi: 10.2298/HEMIND120611085V mene, terpinen-4-ol, and γ-terpinene (the terpenes responsible for the characteristic med- lar flavour) being also present. The C6 aliphatic compounds, such as hexanal and (E)-2-hex- enal, were observed as the major volatile constituents in the green stage. In contrast, hex- anol and (Z)-3-hexenol were the main volatiles in ripe fruits. Keywords: Medlar, flavor, ripening, GC/MS.
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Eriobotrya Japonica
Eriobotrya japonica The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) (from Cantonese Chinese: 盧橘; Jyutping: lougwat, nowadays called Chinese: 枇杷; pinyin: pípá; Jyutping: pei paa) is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, a native to the cooler hill regions of China to south-central China. It is also quite common in Japan, Korea, hilly Regions of India (Himachal), Northern Areas of Pakistan and some can be found in some Northern part of the Philippines, and hill country in Sri Lanka. It is a large evergreen shrub or tree, grown commercially for its yellow fruit, and also cultivated as an ornamental plant. Eriobotrya japonica was formerly thought to be closely related to the genus Mespilus, and is still sometimes known as the Japanese medlar. It is also known as Japanese plum and Chinese plum, also known as pipa in China. Description Eriobotrya japonica is a large evergreen shrub or small tree, with a rounded crown, short trunk and woolly new twigs. The tree can grow to 5–10 metres (16–33 ft) tall, but is often smaller, about 3–4 metres (10–13 ft). The fruit begins to ripen during Spring to Summer depending on the temperature on the area. The leaves are alternate, simple, 10–25 centimetres (4–10 in) long, dark green, tough and leathery in texture, with a serrated margin, and densely velvety-hairy below with thick yellow- brown pubescence; the young leaves are also densely pubescent above, but this soon rubs off. Fruit Loquats are unusual among fruit trees in that the flowers appear in the autumn or early winter, and the fruits are ripe at any time from early spring to early summer.
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A Synopsis of the Expanded Rhaphiolepis (Maleae, Rosaceae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 154: 19–55 (2020) Synopsis of Rhaphiolepis (Rosaceae) 19 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.154.52790 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A synopsis of the expanded Rhaphiolepis (Maleae, Rosaceae) Bin-Bin Liu1,2*, Yu-Bing Wang2,3*, De-Yuan Hong1, Jun Wen2 1 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Scien- ces, Beijing 100093, China 2 Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA 3 Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges Uni- versity, Yichang, 443002, China Corresponding author: Jun Wen ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Sennikov | Received 1 April 2020 | Accepted 6 June 2020 | Published 4 August 2020 Citation: Liu B-B, Wang Y-B, Hong D-Y, Wen J (2020) A synopsis of the expanded Rhaphiolepis (Maleae, Rosaceae). PhytoKeys 154: 19–55. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.52790 Abstract As part of the integrative systematic studies on the tribe Maleae, a synopsis of the expanded Rhaphiolepis is presented, recognizing 45 species. Three new forms were validated: R. bengalensis f. contracta B.B.Liu & J.Wen, R. bengalensis f. intermedia B.B.Liu & J.Wen, and R. bengalensis f. multinervata B.B.Liu & J.Wen, and four new combinations are made here: R. bengalensis f. angustifolia (Cardot) B.B.Liu & J.Wen, R. bengalensis f. gigantea (J.E.Vidal) B.B.Liu & J.Wen, R. laoshanica (W.B.Liao, Q.Fan & S.F.Chen) B.B.Liu & J.Wen, and R.
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Amelanchier Lamarckiilamarckii Junejune Berry,Berry, Appleapple Serviceberry,Serviceberry, Snowysnowy Mespilus,Mespilus, Shadbushshadbush
AmelanchierAmelanchier lamarckiilamarckii JuneJune berry,berry, AppleApple serviceberry,serviceberry, SnowySnowy mespilus,mespilus, ShadbushShadbush Amelanchier lamarckii (June berry) originated in the north-east of North America. The species gets its name from the French biologist and naturalist Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck, who first described the shrub in 1783. The June berry was introduced in Europe in the nineteenth century and has been planted a lot since then. The June berry naturally forms a wide-growing shrub, but it is also cultivated as an umbrella-shaped, multi-stem tree or as a small to medium-sized standard tree. From mid-April to early May, the June berry blooms into a sea of white, star-shaped flowers. When in bloom, the leaves bud a warm bronze-red, to later turn green with a grey-green underside. Around July, it bears edible blue- violet berries, which are sweet and juicy. Birds love them. In autumn, the leaves turn a spectacular orange-red. After its leaves fall, the Amelanchier lamarckii exhibits a characteristic, elegant habit with a wide vase-shaped, finely branched crown. It can tolerate strong wind, coastal wind and air pollution well, as well as open pavement. That makes the species perfect for urban areas. Furthermore, it is a valuable tree for ecological zones as it is a source of nutrients for bees, birds and butterflies. Give the Amelanchier lamarckii an environment in humous soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH value and in the sun for the best bloom, fruit production and autumn colours. The species is a bit sensitive to mildew, which leads to slightly earlier autumn colours and leaf fall.
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Loquat: Botany and Horticulture
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First Evidence of Mespilus Germanica L. (Medlar) in Roman Switzerland Britta Pollmann & Stefanie Jacomet
First evidence of Mespilus germanica L. (medlar) in Roman Switzerland Britta Pollmann & Stefanie Jacomet Vegetation History and Archaeobotany The Journal of Quaternary Plant Ecology, Palaeoclimate and Ancient Agriculture - Official Organ of the International Work Group for Palaeoethnobotany ISSN 0939-6314 Volume 21 Number 1 Veget Hist Archaeobot (2012) 21:61-68 DOI 10.1007/s00334-011-0317-z 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer- Verlag. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author’s version for posting to your own website or your institution’s repository. You may further deposit the accepted author’s version on a funder’s repository at a funder’s request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication. 1 23 Author's personal copy Veget Hist Archaeobot (2012) 21:61–68 DOI 10.1007/s00334-011-0317-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE First evidence of Mespilus germanica L. (medlar) in Roman Switzerland Britta Pollmann • Stefanie Jacomet Received: 28 April 2011 / Accepted: 20 August 2011 / Published online: 3 September 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract The Mespilus (medlar) fruit tree, non-native in hairy fruit usually contain five stony seeds (Fig. 1). After Europe, is generally believed to have been introduced to the first hard frost, the fruit must be stored in a dry cool central Europe during the Roman occupation of the region. place until the flesh, which is initially still hard, green and Archaeobotanical remains of medlar are generally rare, tart, softens and changes colour to a light brown, a process resulting in a patchy knowledge of its early distribution.
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