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Charybdis (Charybdis) Feriata (LINNAEUS, 1758) (CRUSTACEA: BRACHYURA: Portunldae)

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Charybdis (Charybdis) Feriata (LINNAEUS, 1758) (CRUSTACEA: BRACHYURA: Portunldae) Oseana, Volume XXXVIll, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013: 45- 53 ISSN 0216-1877 BEBERAPA ASPEK BIOLOGI Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (LINNAEUS, 1758) (CRUSTACEA: BRACHYURA: PORTUNlDAE) Oleb Erna"ati Widyastutil) ABSTRACT BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (LINNAEUS, J 758) (CRUSTACEA: BRACHYURA: PORTUNlDAE). Cbarybdis (Charybdis) feriata is one of species of the family Portunidae that has commercial value. This species is known as "Crucifix crab", because it has a crosspattern on the surface of the carapace. Habitat of this species is generally in sublittoral waters with muddy or sandy bottom, also on rocky shores including the reef flats. Some biological aspects ofCbarybdis (Charybdis) feriata, such as morphology, systematic, habitat and distribution are discussed in this paper. Key 'Words: Charybdis (Charybdis)feria/a, morphology, systematic, habitat, distnlrution PENDAJHJLUAN Nair (1968). Dari pantai timur India dilaporkan Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata selama tahun 1979-1980, telah dilakukan (Linnaeus, 1758) termasuk salah satu jenis pendaratan C.feriata di daerah Kakinada India kepiting dari suku Portunidae yang mempunyai sebesar 6,6 ton atau sekitar 0,86% dari total ukuran tubub besar dan mempunyai nilai pendaratan seluruh kepiting di daerah tersebut ekonomis. Berdasarkan Ng (1998), kepiting ini (Laithadevi,1985). Pemanfaatan C.feriatauntuk mempunyai lebar karapas maksimum 20 em. tujuan konsumsi di pasar lokal dianggap sebagai Kepiting betina yang tertangkap memiliki berat salah satu alasan untuk peningkatan tubuh antara 150 - 350 gr, sedangkan kepiting penangkapan kepiting dalam beberapa tabun jantan berat tubuhnya dapat mencapai 1 kg terakhir, Pada tahun 2000, Cifertata menyum• (Parado-Estepa etal, 2002). bang 26% dari perikanan kepiting di daerab Di India, Charybdis (Charybdis) Mangalore dan Malpe, India (Manissery & feriata mendukung perikanan komersial Radhakrishnan,2(03). khususnya di daerab Karnataka (Dinesbbabu Di Indonesia, kepitingjenis inijarang et ai, 2007; 2008). Informasi mengenai spesies diperjualbelikan meskipun mempunyai ukuran Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata dilaporkan tubub yang besar, tidak seperti kepiting pertama k:alidari pantai barat India oleh PiDai & Portunidae dari jenis Portunus (Portunus) I) Bidang Sumberdaya Laut, Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi-LIPI 45 pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) yang lebih banyak disebabkan karena terdapat corak atau bentuk diperjualbelikan dan dikenal masyarakat. menyerupai sebuab salib pada permukaan Berdasarkan Parado-Estepa et af. (2002), karapasnya (Gambar 1). Di daerah sekitar Selat kepiting Charybdis (Charybdis) jeriata Malaka, kepiting Charybdis (Charybdis) (Linnaeus, 1758) merupakan jenis kepiting yang jeriata (Linnaeus, 1758) ban yak sangat potensial untuk dibudidayakan, karena diperjualbelikan karena corak pada karapasnya kepiting inimemiliki daging dengan kualitas yang tersebut. Akan tetapi umumnya bukan untuk bagus dan rasa yang enak serta mempunyai dikonsumsi melainkan diambil karapasnya dan ukuran tubuh yang besar, Berdasarkan Ng (1998), diawetkan untuk dijadikan hiasan atau di koleksi kepiting ini sekarang sudab masuk ke pasar• (Anonim,2012a). pasar ikan dan sudah dibudidayakan dan Artikel ini, menjelaskan mengenai diekspor ke selurub Asia Timur. beberapa aspek biologi dari Charybdis Charybdis (Charybdis) jeriata (Charybdis)feriata (Linnaeus, 1758), seperti (Linnaeus, 1758) merupakan salah satu jenis sistematika, morfologi, habitat dan kepiting yang cuk:up unik dan gampang dikenali, penyebarannya. Penulis berharap artikel ini apabila dilihat dari corak atau pola wama pada dapat memberikan tambahan informasi permukaan karapasnya (Parado-Estepa et al, mengenai kepiting, khususnya untuk jenis 2002). Kepiting ini sering dikenal sebagai Charybdis(Charybdis)jeriata(Linnaeus, 1758) "crucifix crab" atau kepiting salib. Hal ini sehingga akan memudahkan dalam mengenalinya. Gambar 1.Corak atau pola wama pada karapas Charybdis (Charybdis)feriata (Koleksi pribadi) 46 SISfEMA11KA Suku : Portunidae Rafinesque, ]815 Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata Anak suku : ThalamitinaePaul'son, (Linnaeus, 1758) memiliki beberapa sinonim, 1875 antara lain: Cancer cruciatus dalam Herbst (1794); Charybdis cruciata dalam Rathbun Marga : CharybdisDeHaan,1833 (l 910); Charybdis cruciatus dalam Stebbing Anakmarga : Charybdis (Charybdis) (1910); Charybdis (Charybdis) cruciata dalam DeHaan, ]833 Stepbensen (1945) dan Stephenson el al, (1957); Charybdis feriatus dalam Campbell & Species :Charybdis (Charybdis) Stepbenson (l970). Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (Linnaeus, 1758) jeriatusdalamDai & Yang(I991) dan Wee& Ng (1995). Berdasarkan Martin & Davis (2001)dan KARAK1ER MORFOLOGI Ng & Davie (2008), klasifikasi dari Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (Linnaeus, 1758) adalah Karapas Charybdis (Charybdis) sebagai berikut: jeri ala lebib lebar daripada panjangnya serta FJlum : Arthropoda H. berbentuk beksagonaJ, cembung dan halus (Ng, MilneEdwards, 1817 ]998). Pembagian daerab pada permukaan karapas tidak jelas, garis-garis yang kelibatan Anakfilum : Crustacea BrOnnich, 1772 adalah garis epibranchial yang terputus pada Kelas : Malacostraca Latreille, bagian lekuk servik, garis mesogastric yang 1802 terputus pada bagian tengabnya dan garis protogastric, seperti terlibat pada Gambar 2 Anakkelas : Eumalacostraca Grobben, (Moosa & Juwana, 1996; Apel & Spiridonov, 1892 1998). Bangsa : Decapoda Latreille, 1802 Berdasarkan Stepbenson (1972) bagian karapas dari Charybdis (Charybdis) Anak bangsa : Pleocyemata Burkenroad, feriata terdapat lima garis memanjang berwarna 1963 terang dengan latar belakang merab kecoklatan. Infra bangsa : Bracbyura Linnaeus, 1758 Garis paling tengah tidak meluas melampaui daerab cardiac danpada kepiting dewasa garis Seksi : Eubracbyura de Saint ini memanjang secara lateral di daerah Laurent, 1980 protogastric membentuk sebuah tanda salib. Anak seksi : Heterotremata Guinot, Sedangkan berdasarkan Wee & Ng (1995), 1977 karapas berwarna krem •berbintik-bintik dengan Induk suku : Portunoidea Rafinesque, bercak merah dan terdapat sebuab salib 1815 kekuningan pada daerab gastric. 47 MI' pan ...... Gambar 2. Pennukaan karapas dan bagian-bagiannya dari Portunidae (Crosnier, 1962) Capit dan kaki-kaki jalan berbintik-bintik merah 20) 2b; http://www.nio.org/userfiles/file/ (mottled red). Capit besarnya hampir 2,5 kali brachwranlcharybdis feriatus.htrnl). Kaki-kaki dari panjang karapas, bentuknya kokoh, halus renaog dengan perbatasan posterior dari dan asimetris. Bagian perbatasan anterior dati propodus biasanya balus, tetapi mungkin merus dilengkapi dengan tiga duri yang kuat, diJengkapi dengan beberapa gigi (denticle)pada manus dengan empat duri di bagian permukaan individu yang masih muda (Apel & Spiridooov, atas, seperti terlihat pada Gambar 3a. (Anonim, 1998). merus 6 (b) (a) 48 (c) Gambar3. Bagian tubuh Charybdis {Charybdisjfertatus (koleksi pribadi) (a) Capit (b) Gigi-gigi anterolateral (c) Bagian frontal REPRODUKSI Bagian dahi atau frontal (tidak termasuk lobe atau cuping orbital paling luar) Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata lebih pendek dibandingkan dengan pinggiran umumnya memiliki ukuran karapas yang besar. posterior, dilengkapi dengan enam gigi (Gambar Apabila dilakukan perbandingan berat tubuh 2 dan Gambar 3b). Gigi bagian tengah atau dan lebar karapas antara kepitingjantan dengan median dan submedian sedikit berbeda dan kepiting betina, dengan ukuran karapas yang tumpul, sedangkan gigi lateral berbentuk bampir sama, menunjukkan babwa kepiting segitiga yang dipisahkan dari gigi submedian jantan lebib berat dibandingkan dengan kepiting oleh suatu celah yang daJam, seperti terlihat betina (Dineshbabu, 20 II). Berdasarkan pada Gambar 3c. (htto:/Iwww.nio.org/userfilesl penelitian Ramesh Babu et al. (2006), filelbracbyuran/charybdis feriatus.html). menunjukkan babwa terdapat bubungan Bagian tepi anterolateral dilengkapi langsung antara lebar karapas dengan berat dengan 6 gigi; gigi pertama miring (truncate) massa telur ataupun fekunditas; antara berat dan sangat ber lekuk di bagian ujung kepiting dan berat massa telur, dan antara tengahnya, gigi kedua sampai terakhir lebar fekunditas dengan berat massa telur. Kepiting pada bagian dasar dengan ukuranyang semakin betina dengan ukuran yang lebih besar akan bertambah, gigi keenam menyerupai duri kuat membawa kapasitas teluryang lebib besar. Hasil tetapi sedikit lebib menonjol dibanding gigi penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya korelasi lainnya, seperti terlihat pada Gambar 3b. <ll!!Iti langsung antara lebar karapas dan felrunditas. Iwww.n i0 .org/userfiles/fi le/bracbyuranl Copenhagen, E. Munksgaard: 57-237, figs 1-60. charybdis feriatus.html). 49 feriata mengalami perkembangbiakan secara Juvenil dan kepiting dewasa terus - menerus dengan dua puncak musim Charybdis (Charybdis) feriatus dilaporkan kawin (breeding), yaitu pertama selcitar bulan pemah ditemukan di antara oral arms atau di Oktober-November dan kedua sekitar bulan bawah bagian tubuh seperti lonceng dari Mei-Juni. Ukuran kepiting betina matang atau Scyphozoan medusa besar (Zarenkov, 1968; maturediperkirakan dengan lebar karapas 70 mm, Wee & Ng, 1995). Akan tetapi belurn diketahui, atau kira-kira setelah berumur 7 bulan. apakah hubungan ini untuk berlindung, sebagai mekanisme transportasi atau apakah kepiting memanfaatkan makanan sisa tuan rumah sebagai makanannya. Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata umumnya menempati perairan sublittoral DISI'RIBUSI dengan dasar berpasir atau berlurnpur,juga pada pantai-pantai berbatu termasuk rataan terumbu Charybdis (Charybdis) [eriata karang, kurang lebih pada
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