EAA Meeting 2016 Vilnius
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Division and the City: Spatial Dramas of Divided Cities
ARTICLE MEGARON 2015;10(4):565-579 DOI: 10.5505/MEGARON.2015.29290 Division and the City: Spatial Dramas of Divided Cities Bölünme ve Kent: Bölünmüş Kentlerin Mekânsal Trajedileri Gizem CANER ABSTRACT ÖZ Every contemporary city is divided to a certain extent. The Günümüz şehirlerinin neredeyse tamamı kavramsal bağlam- present study is concerned with urban division defined by da bir düzeye kadar bölünmüştür. Ancak bu yazı, milliyet, extreme tensions related to nationality, ethnicity, religion, etnisite, din ve kültürle ilişkili uç gerilimlerin neden olduğu, and culture, which are channelled into urban arenas. Once daha spesifik bir kentsel bölünme türüyle ilgilenmektedir. Bu these contestations are made spatially visible, the “divided çatışmalar kentsel alanlarda ses bulmaktadır ve mekânsal city” with which this study is concerned appears. Well-known görünürlük kazandıkları zaman, bu yazının da konusu olan examples of such “divided” cities are Belfast, Jerusalem, Nic- ‘bölünmüş kentler’ ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu şehirler arasında osia, Mostar, Beirut, and Berlin. Due to distinctive attributes, en iyi bilinen örnekler Belfast, Kudüs, Lefkoşa, Mostar, Bey- these cities contain an exclusive discourse that differentiates rut ve Berlin’dir. Özgün niteliklerinden dolayı, bu şehirler, them from other urban areas. In this context, the aim of the kendilerini diğer kentsel alanlardan ayıran özel bir söyleme present study was to comparatively analyze urban conse- sahiptirler. Bu çerçevede, bu yazının ana konusu, seçilmiş quences of division in selected case studies: Belfast and Ber- şehir örneklerinde–Belfast ve Berlin–bölünmenin kentsel so- lin. As each city has unique attributes of geography, history, nuçlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmesidir. Her kent, and economic development, the processes and outcomes of kendine has coğrafi, tarihi ve ekonomik gelişme özelliklerine their division differ substantially. -
The Paleoecology and Biogeography of Ordovician Edrioasteroids
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2011 The Paleoecology and Biogeography of Ordovician Edrioasteroids Rene Anne Lewis University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Paleontology Commons Recommended Citation Lewis, Rene Anne, "The Paleoecology and Biogeography of Ordovician Edrioasteroids. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1094 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Rene Anne Lewis entitled "The Paleoecology and Biogeography of Ordovician Edrioasteroids." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Geology. Michael L. McKinney, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Colin D. Sumrall, Linda C. Kah, Arthur C. Echternacht Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) THE PALEOECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF ORDOVICIAN EDRIOASTEROIDS A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville René Anne Lewis August 2011 Copyright © 2011 by René Anne Lewis All rights reserved. -
DISCUSSION PAPER Institute of Agricultural
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Girgzdiene, Vilija Working Paper Restructuring the Lithuanian food industry: problems and perspectives Discussion Paper, No. 9 Provided in Cooperation with: Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Halle (Saale) Suggested Citation: Girgzdiene, Vilija (1998) : Restructuring the Lithuanian food industry: problems and perspectives, Discussion Paper, No. 9, Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Halle (Saale), http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-22689 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/28563 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open -
Cortical Bitufted, Horizontal, and Martinotti Cells Preferentially
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 96, pp. 3217–3222, March 1999 Neurobiology Cortical bitufted, horizontal, and Martinotti cells preferentially express and secrete reelin into perineuronal nets, nonsynaptically modulating gene expression (GABAergic interneuronsyCa21-binding proteinsyneuropeptidesychandelier cellsybasket cells) CHRISTINE PESOLD*†,WEN SHENG LIU*, ALESSANDRO GUIDOTTI*, ERMINIO COSTA*, AND HECTOR J. CARUNCHO*‡ *Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, MyC 912, Chicago IL, 60612; and ‡Department of Fundamental Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain 15706 Contributed by Erminio Costa, December 28, 1998 ABSTRACT Reelin (Reln) is a protein with some struc- mouse, shows a normal Reln expression in Cajal–Retzius cells tural analogies with other extracellular matrix proteins that and secretion in the extracellular matrix in embryonic devel- functions in the regulation of neuronal migration during the opment but neuroanatomical abnormalities reminiscent of development of cortical laminated structures. In the cortex of those in the reeler mouse (4, 5). It is currently believed that the adult animals, Reln is expressed primarily in g-aminobutyric protein encoded by this gene acts downstream of Reln in a acid (GABA)ergic neurons and is secreted into perineuronal signaling pathway that controls laminar corticogenesis and the nets. However, only 50–60% of GABAergic interneurons ex- hippocampal and cerebellar development in mammalian brain press Reln. We have characterized this subpopulation of (6). cortical GABAergic neurons that expresses Reln by using two In adult telencephalon, Reln is preferentially expressed in strategies: (i) a double immunolabeling procedure to deter- GABAergic neurons (7, 8), and Dab1 is expressed predomi- mine the colocalization of Reln with neuropeptides and Ca21- nantly in pyramidal cells, as well as in a small population of binding proteins and (ii) a combination of Golgi staining and non-pyramidal cells (9). -
Archaeological Heritage in Lithuania After the 1990S: Defining, Protecting, Interpreting 161
Archaeological Heritage in Lithuania after the 1990s: Defining, Protecting, Interpreting 161 Archaeological Heritage in Lithuania after the 1990s: Defining, Protecting, Interpreting Justina Poškienė Abstract The paper seeks to present developments in the state system of archaeological heritage protection in Lithu- ania after the 1990s. National legislation was essentially modified twice: in 1994 and in 2004. As- pects of defining (inventarisation, assessment and listing in the national Register of Cultural Properties), protecting (requirements for archaeological heritage protection, regulations on archaeological excavations’ procedures) and the interpreting of archaeological heritage (preservation of archaeological remains in situ) are under consideration. Keywords: archaeological heritage, assessment, archaeological excavations, in situ. Santrauka Straipsnyje pristatomas Lietuvos archeologinis paveldas bei apžvelgiama valstybinė archeologinio paveldo apsaugos sistema po 1990 metų. Teisinis paveldo apsaugos reglamentavimas iš esmės keitėsi 1994 ir 2004 metais. Straipsnyje aptariami šie archeologinio paveldo apsaugos aspektai: apskaita (archeologinio paveldo vertinimas, įrašymas į Kultūros vertybių registrą, archeologinių objektų paveldosauginis statusas), ap- sauga (reikalavimai archeologiniams tyrimams, ardomųjų archeologinių tyrimų apimtys, archeologinių tyrimų kontrolės sistema) ir archeologinio paveldo interpretacija (archeologinio paveldo apsauga in situ). Recent_developments_FINAL.indd 161 9.1.2017 12:41:33 162 Justina Poškienė -
European and National Dimension in Research
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF BELARUS Polotsk State University EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL DIMENSION IN RESEARCH ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНТЕКСТЫ В НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ MATERIALS OF VI JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE (Novopolotsk, April 22 – 23, 2014) In 3 Parts Part 1 HUMANITIES Novopolotsk PSU 2014 UDC 082 Publishing Board: Prof. Dzmitry Lazouski ( chairperson ); Dr. Dzmitry Hlukhau (vice-chairperson ); Mr. Siarhei Piashkun ( vice-chairperson ); Dr. Maryia Putrava; Ms. Liudmila Slavinskaya Редакционная коллегия : д-р техн . наук , проф . Д. Н. Лазовский ( председатель ); канд . техн . наук , доц . Д. О. Глухов ( зам . председателя ); С. В. Пешкун ( зам . председателя ); канд . филол . наук , доц . М. Д. Путрова ; Л. Н. Славинская The first two conferences were issued under the heading “Materials of junior researchers’ conference”, the third – “National and European dimension in research”. Junior researchers’ works in the fields of humanities, social sciences, law, sport and tourism are presented in the second part. It is intended for trainers, researchers and professionals. It can be useful for university graduate and post- graduate students. Первые два издания вышли под заглавием « Материалы конференции молодых ученых », третье – «Национальный и европейский контексты в научных исследованиях ». В первой части представлены работы молодых ученых по гуманитарным , социальным и юридиче- ским наукам , спорту и туризму . Предназначены для работников образования , науки и производства . Будут полезны студентам , маги- странтам и аспирантам университетов . ISBN 978-985-531-444-9 (P. 1) © Polotsk State University, 2014 ISBN 978-985-531-443-2 MATERIALS OF V JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE 2014 Linguistics, Literature, Philology LINGUISTICS, LITERATURE, PHILOLOGY UDC 821.111.09=111 THE DECONSTRUCTION OF GENDER ROLES IN "THE GRAPES OF WRATH" BY JOHN STEINBECK ON THE EXAMPLE OF MA JOAD LIZAVETA BALSHAKOVA, DZYANIS KANDAKOU Polotsk State University, Belarus The Grapes of Wrath, has been read and reread by millions, pondered and set down in a thousand essays and books. -
Ion Beams in Art and Archaeology Beam Facilities
PHYSICS AND SOCIETY 229 COST Gl Participating Laboratories Underlined are the groups which are working with ion- Ion Beams in Art and Archaeology beam facilities. Collaborations also exist with experts based outside Europe (Delaware, USA; Lower Hutt, New G. Demortier from the Laboratoire d'Analyses par Réactions Nucléaire (LARN), Namur, who Zealand; Faure, South Africa; Lucas Heights, Australia). chairs the COST Action G1 (Ion-Beam Analysis Applied to Art and Archaeology) summarises the AUSTRIA advantages of using accelerator-based techniques to study artifacts. Vienna: Akademie der Bildenden Kunste BELGIUM Namur: LARN, Facultés Universitaires ND de la Paix Antwerp: MITAC, Universitaire Instellingen The application of analytical tech cooperative COST action called Ion Beam Liège: Université niques - initially developed in the field of Analysis Applied to Art and Archaeology. A FINLAND Helsinki: Helsingin Teknillinen Oppilaitos materials science - to art or archeological memorandum of understanding for a Helsinki: Finnish National Gallery objects gives the historian and the archae COST Action was signed in June 1994, and FRANCE ologist quantitative information. This the concerted scientific activities started Paris: Laboratoire de Recherche des Musées de France helps them understand the way of life in in January 1995. The goals were as follows: Orléans: Centre Ernest Babelon, CNRS the cultures they are studying, or the tech • The development of non-destructive GERMANY Dresden: Forschungszentrum Rossendörf nical and intellectual know-how of the art nuclear and atomic methods for studying Berlin: Hahn-Meitner-Institut ists or craftsmen of the period under con items of art and archaeology using particle GREECE sideration. In the world of musea, this irradiation. -
History of the Crusades. Episode 280. the Baltic Crusades. the Samogitian Crusade Part XIII
History of the Crusades. Episode 280. The Baltic Crusades. The Samogitian Crusade Part XIII. The Siege of Kaunas 1362. Hello again. Last week, we saw an effort by the Archbishop of Prague to convert the Lithuanian leaders to Christianity fail spectacularly, with the two pagan brothers making outrageous demands in return for their baptism, then laughing at and mocking the delegation when they objected. The upshot of this event was that converting the Lithuanians to Christianity by peaceful means was now permanently off the table as a goal to be pursued, so the only option left on the table was to convert the pagans by force. The Teutonic Order then spent time and effort constructing a bunch of new castles in Samogitia, which would provide a larger, more permanent Latin Christian presence in the region. Then, in the spring of the year 1362, fighting men from across Prussia, along with crusaders from Germany, Italy and England, gathered in Prussia, ready to head to Samogitia. This was to be a major Crusading expedition. William Urban describes it in his book "The Samogitian Crusade" as being a, and I quote, "huge force" end quote. Now you will notice that the Crusaders are departing in spring, not winter. That's because they don't need to ride across frozen rivers and swamps to get to Samogitia. Why don't they need to ride across frozen rivers and swamps to get to Samogitia? Well, because they are sailing there. Yes, in a novel break from tradition, the Grand Master and the Marshall of the Teutonic forces have come up with a plan to get everyone on board ships. -
Lithuania S Fight for Freedom .Pdf
LITHUANIA'S FIGHT FOR FREEDOM by E. J. HARRISON Fonnerly British V ice-Consu l in Kaunas and Vilnius Author 0/ " Li thuania Past and Present", " Lithuania 1928," etc. Or igin ally pub lished by THE FEDERATION OF LITHUANIAN SOCIETIES IN GREAT BRITAIN November 1944 Reprinted with Au thor's Permission by Till'; LITHUANIAN AMERICAN I N FOI~oM A TI ON CENTEH New York, Februa ry 194:> Reprodu ced, by permi s sion of the Columbia Uni versity Press, from Th e Economic Reconstruction oi Lithuania alter 1918, by Anicetas Simutis, New York, 1942. The total area of Lithu ania, including the Klai peda-Memel Distri ct, and the Vilnius region as spec ified in th e P eace Tr eaty with Russia of July 12, 1920, accounts for approx. 34.000 square miles with a popu lation a little over 4,000,000. The Klaipeda district it self comprises 1,100 sq. miles with 154,000 inhabit ant s. Th e Vilnius region embrace"s 12,448 sq. miles with a population of 1.600,000. Due to th e Po lish aggression of 1920, Lithu ania was left with ap prox. 21,500 sq. miles of territory and 2,500,000 in habitants,- an area larger _lW,WAT$ than Belgium, Holland, AlOTT 0 TIMI'OlAI'YCAl'lTM Den mark or Estonia. • DII'WCT YOWMI • emu TOWHS teAU' 1. 1000.000 INTRODUCTORY REM ARK S To THE A M ERI CAN EDITIO N Lithuania is the largest and most populated of the three Baltic States, the other two bein g Latvia an d Estonia. -
National Reports 2005-2010
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 1954 HAGUE CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE EVENT OF ARMED CONFLICT AND ITS TWO (1954 AND 1999) PROTOCOLS 2005 – 2010 2 CONTENTS Page Introduction 3 I. Historical Background 4 II. Secretariat’s Activities with respect to the implementation of the Convention and its two (1954 and 1999) Protocols (2005 – 2010) 5 III. Cooperation with International Institutions 13 III. (i) Cooperation with the United Nations and NATO 13 III. (ii) Cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) 14 IV. Specific Country Activities 19 V. Customary Humanitarian International Law (ICRC Study) 23 VI. List of Issues used for the Preparation of National Reports 24 VII. Summary of National Reports 26 VII. (i) National Reports on the Implementation of the Convention, the 1954 (First) Protocol and Resolution II of the Hague Conference 26 VII. (ii) National Reports on the Implementation of the 1999 Second Protocol 98 Annex I: The Danish National Report on the Implementation of the 1954 Hague Convention 122 Annex II: Reports on the Implementation of the Second Protocol submitted by States not party to the Second Protocol 124 3 INTRODUCTION Article 26, paragraph 2, of the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, adopted at The Hague in 1954 (hereafter “Convention”), stipulates that at least every four years the High Contracting Parties “shall forward to the Director-General a report giving whatever information they think suitable concerning any measures being taken, prepared or contemplated by their respective administrations in fulfilment of the present Convention and of the Regulations for its execution”. -
An Archaeologist and His Road to Voruta
AN ARCHAEOLOGIST AND HIS ROAD TO VORUTA ALBINAS KUNCEVIČIUS An Archaeologist An Archaeologist Voruta and His Road to ALBINAS KUNCEVIČIUS My friend and colleague Gintautas Zabiela is celebrat- cially considering his busy schedule and his inquisitive ing his fiftieth birthday. I first learned about this from mind, and his willingness to see and learn anything. my colleagues at Klaipėda University, Vladas Žulkus, I racked my brains for quite a while, trying to think and Audronė Bliujienė, the editor of this publication, how I could tell readers about my friend. I tried one who decided to mark the anniversary by dedicating this way, but quickly became bored, as what I had written issue of Archaeologia Baltica to him. They asked me seemed more appropriate for a jubilee toast or a formal for an assessment of Gintautas Zabiela’s work, and I report. Then I tried another way, but again something agreed with great pleasure. We have known each other was wrong. And then I had the idea that the best thing for years. I know his work thoroughly, I consult it regu- to do would be to have an informal talk with Gintautas. larly, and quote from it during my lectures and in my An interview might be unusual for a research publi- own work. And I suggest that archaeology students do cation; but in this case it is the perfect opportunity to the same. tell readers about his, in my opinion, highly successful research career as an archaeologist, and to discuss the situation in archaeology in Lithuania at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. -
Urban Planning Approaches in Divided Cities
ITU A|Z • Vol 13 No 1 • March 2016 • 139-156 Urban planning approaches in divided cities Gizem CANER1, Fulin BÖLEN2 1 [email protected] • Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 [email protected] • Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Received: April 2014 • Final Acceptance: December 2015 Abstract This paper provides a comparative analysis of planning approaches in divided cities in order to investigate the role of planning in alleviating or exacerbating urban division in these societies. It analyses four urban areas—Berlin, Beirut, Belfast, Jerusalem—either of which has experienced or still experiences extreme divisions related to nationality, ethnicity, religion, and/or culture. Each case study is investigated in terms of planning approaches before division and after reunifi- cation (if applicable). The relation between division and planning is reciprocal: planning effects, and is effected by urban division. Therefore, it is generally assumed that traditional planning approaches are insufficient and that the recognized engagement meth- ods of planners in the planning process are ineffective to overcome the problems posed by divided cities. Theoretically, a variety of urban scholars have proposed different perspectives on this challenge. In analysing the role of planning in di- vided cities, both the role of planners, and planning interventions are evaluated within the light of related literature. The case studies indicate that even though different planning approaches have different consequences on the ground, there is a universal trend in harmony with the rest of the world in reshaping these cities.