X Illustrations 16

Illustrations

1. House of the Early Classic Revival, Wickford, Rhode Island. Photo- graph Talbot Hamlin 10 2. A Victorian House Design. From G. B. Croff, Progressive American Architecture . . . (New York: Orange Judd Co., 1875) 11 3. An Open Victorian Plan. From A. W. Brunner (editor), Cottages or Hints on Economical Building . . . (New York: Comstock, 1884) 12 4. Part of Queens, New York. Courtesy Daily News 13 5. A Typical Cape Cod Cottage. From Architectural Forum 14 6. Summer Cottage, Beverly Farms, Massachusetts. H. H. Richardson, architect. Courtesy Ware Library 14 7. Bingham House, Santa Barbara, California. Bernard R. Maybeck, architect. Courtesy Jean Murray Bangs 14 8. Bradley House, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Exterior and Living Room. Purcell & Elmslie, architects. Courtesy Progressive Architecture 15 9. Lloyd Lewis House, Libertyville, Illinois. Exterior and Interior of Living-Dining Room. Frank Lloyd Wright, architect. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing, courtesy Architectural Forum 16 10. Dymaxion House. Under Construction. Buckminster Fuller, designer. Life Photo by Coffey, courtesy Life 17 11. Primitive Round Houses: Eskimo Igloo, courtesy Smithsonian Institu- tion. Mongolian Yurt, courtesy American Museum of Natural History, New York 18 12. Savoye House, Poissy-sur-Seine, France. Three Plans. Le Corbusier, architect. From Le Corbusier et Pierre Jeanneret, oeuvre complète, 1925-1935 (Zurich: Girsberger, 1936) 20 13. Savoye House, Poissy-sur-Seine, France. Exterior and Living Room. Le Corbusier, architect. Courtesy Museum of Modern Art, New York 21 14. Howard Sloan House, near Chicago, Illinois. Plan. George Fred Keck, architect. From Pencil Points 21 15. Howard Sloan House, near Chicago, Illinois. Living Room with Con- ventional Windows and, as Built, with Glass Wall. George Fred Keck, architect. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing 22 X ILLUSTRATIONS 16. Tugendhat House, Brno, Czechoslovakia. Plans. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, architect. From H. R. Hitchcock, Jr., and Philip Johnson, The International Style (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1931) 23 17. Koch House, Belmont, Massachusetts. Office. Carl Koch, architect. Photograph Ezra Stoller—Pictorial Services 24 18. Row House Designed for the Ladies' Home Journal. Plans. Vernon De- Mars, architect. Courtesy Ladies' Home Journal 25 19. Row House Designed for the Ladies' Home Journal. Street and Garden Views. Vernon DeMars, architect. Courtesy Ladies' Home Journal 26 20. Experimental Bed. Plan, Section, and Elevations. Robert L. Davison and the Pierce Foundation, designers 30 21. Experimental Bed. Two Views. Robert L. Davison and the Pierce Foundation, designers. Courtesy the Pierce Foundation 31 22. Storagewall, Showing What It Can Hold. George Nelson and Henry Niccolls Wright, designers. Life Photo, courtesy George Nelson 35 23. Fairchild House, New York. Plaas. William Hambv and George Nel- son, architects 39 24. Fairchild House, New York. Exterior and Courtyard. William Hamby and George Nelson, architects. Photographs Robert Damora 40 25. Houses Harmoniously Related, Nantucket, Massachusetts. Photograph Talbot Hamlin 41 26. A Country House of the Very Wealthy: Biltmore, Asheville, North Carolina. Richard M. Hunt, architect. Courtesy Biltmore, Asheville, North Carolina 42 27. An In-Line House: Case Study House, Los Angeles, California. Plan. Julius R. Davidson, architect 43 28. An In-Line House: Case Study House, Los Angeles, California. Exte- rior. Julius R. Davidson, architect. Photograph Julius Shulman 44 29. International Similarities in the Modern House: From the David Lloyd George Estate, Churt, Surrey, England; Tecton & Chitty, architects; courtesy Architect and Building News. Lowe House, California; Wur- ster, Bernardi 8c Emmons, architects; photograph Roger Sturtevant 46 30. Similarities in the Modern House in Different Climates: House in To- ronto, Canada; Gordon Adamson, architect; photograph Rapid Grip and Batten. House in Southern California; Whitney R. Smith, architect; photograph Maynard L. Parker 47 31. Iroquois Longhouse. From a drawing bv Jesse Cornplanter. Courtesy American Museum of Natural History, New York $2 32. Pueblo at Walpi, Arizona. Photograph Ewing Gallowav 52 33. Casa dei Dipinti, an Upper-Class Ancient Roman Apartment House, Ostia, Italy. Plans and Restoration. Plans from Talbot Hamlin, Archi- tecture through the Ages (New York: Putnam's, 1940, 1944); restoration redrawn from Monumenti Antichi 53 ILLUSTRATIONS xi 34. Typical New York Tenement Plans. From James Ford, Slums and Housing in New York (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1936) 54 35. Characteristic Parisian Apartment from the Avenue du Bois de Bou- logne. Typical-Floor Plan. A. Arfvidson, architect 56 36. A Typical Paris Apartment House. Courtesy Ware Library 57 37. Two Specialized Apartment Houses: Studio Apartment House, Paris, View in a Typical Apartment and Exterior; Ginsberg & Heep, architects; from Arcbitecte. Kollektivhus, Stockholm, Sweden, Exterior; Sven Markelius, architect; courtesy American Swedish News Exchange 58 38. Two Specialized Apartment Houses: Studio Apartment House, Paris, Typical-Floor Plan; Ginsberg & Heep, architects; redrawn from Arcbi- tecte. Kollektivhus, Stockholm, Sweden, Typical Plan; Sven Markelius, architect 59 39. Typical European Apartment Houses: Ribershus Apartments, Malmö, Sweden, Exterior and Typical Interior; E. S. Persson, architect; courtesy American Swedish News Exchange. Highpoint Apartments, High- gate, London; Lubetkin & Tecton, architects; courtesy Museum of Modern Art, New York 60 40. The Relationship between Density and Height. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses, in "Progressive Architecture Library" (New York: Reinhold [0947]) 6i 41. Typical Garden Apartment Plans: Parklane Apartments, Houston, Texas; Talbott Wilson and Irwin Morris, architects; Meyer & John- son, landscape designers; from Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses. Wyvernwood, Los Angeles, California; Wilmer & Watson, architects; Hammond Sandler, landscape architect; from Architectural Record 62 42. Typical Garden Apartment Exteriors: Prospect Point Gardens, Lake Lefferts, Matawan, New Jersey; F.mil G. Schmidlin, architect. Green Acres, Verona, New Jersey; Emil G. Schmidlin, architect. Photographs Gottscho-Schleisner, courtesy Milton L. Ehrlich. Apartments in Mont- gomery, Alabama, with Balcony Approach; Pearson & Tittle and Nar- rows & Hancock, associated architects; photographs Rodney McCav Morgan—Photolog 65 43. Duplex Apartments for the Los Angeles Region. Perspective and Plan. Gregory Ain, architect. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses 66 44. The Relation between Plan Form and Privacy. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses 68 45. Unit-Plan Analysis. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apart- ment Houses v 68 xii ILLUSTRATIONS 46. Four Unit Plans: Two from Highpoint Apartments, Highgatc, Lon- don; Lubetkin 8c Tecton, architects. One from Clinton Hill Apartments, Brooklyn, New York; Harrison, Fouilhoux & Abramovitz, architects. One from Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses 71 47. Three-, Four-, and Five-Room Apartments from Manhattan House, for the New York Life Insurance Company, New York. Mayer 8c Whit- tlesey and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, associated architects. Courtesy Mayer & Whittlesey and the New York Life Insurance Co. 73 48. Two New York Apartment House Plans: 240 Central Park South; Mayer 8c Whittlesey, architects. Castle Village Apartments; George Fred Pelham, Jr., architect. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses 74 49. Washington House, Washington. Typical-Floor Plan. Joseph H. Abel, architect. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses 75 50. Embassy Court Apartments, Brighton, England. Ground-Floor and Typical-Floor Plans. Wells Coates, architect 77 51. Embassy Court Apartments, Brighton, England. Exterior. Wells Coates, architect. Courtesy Museum of Modern Art, New York 78 52. 240 Central Park South, New York. Exterior. Mayer & Whittlesey, architects. Photograph Richard Garrison 79 53. Manhattan House, for the New York Life Insurance Company, New York. Exterior and Detail. Mayer 8c Whittlesey and Skidmore, Owings 8c Merrill, associated architects. Courtesy Mayer 8c Whittlesey and the New York Life Insurance Co. 80 54. Eastgate, Faculty Apartment House for Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Photograph of the Model. W. H. Brown, R. W. Kennedy, Carl Koch, and William Davies, architects; Vernon DeMars, consultant; G. N. Perry, structural engineer; C. A. Turner, mechanical engineer; G. I. Savage, electrical engineer. Courtesy Robert Woods Kennedy 80 55. Typical Apartment House Exteriors: 2100 Connecticut Avenue, Wash- ington; Berla 8c Abel, architects; photograph Rodney McCay Morgan— Photolog. On 16th Street, Washington; Joseph H. Abel, architect; photograph Leet Brothers 81 56. Typical Apartment House Lobbies: 40 Central Park South, New York; Mayer 8c Whittlesey, architects; photograph Richard Garrison. Washington House, Washington; Berla 8c Abel, architects; photograph Rodney McCay Morgan—Photolog. 2720 Wisconsin Avenue, Wash- ington; Berla 8c Abel, architects; photograph Rodney McCay Morgan —Photolog. 21st and I Streets, Washington; Berla 8c Abel, architects; photograph Rodney McCay Morgan—Photolog. 2121 Virginia Ave- nue, Washington; Joseph H. Abel, architect; photograph Horydczak 82, 83 ILLUSTRATIONS xui 57. Typical Roof Gardens: Two by Le Corbusier, from Andre Lur^at, Terrasses et jar dins, Vol. IV of "L'Art international d'aujourd'hui" (Paris: Moreau [ 1929? J). One from Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Seve- rud, Apartment Houses 84 58. Apartment House Balconies: One from Ribershus, Malmó, Sweden; E. S. Persson, architect; courtesy School of Architecture, Columbia University. Two from Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apart- ment Houses 86 59. Typical English Inn, Chester, England. Courtesy Ware Library 98 60. Old Tremont House, Boston, Massachusetts. Main-Floor Plan and Ex- terior View. Isaiah Rogers, architect. Plan from [W. H. Eliot] Descrip- tion of Tremont House . . . (Boston: Gray & Bowen, 1830); engraving from J. H. Hinton, History and Topography of the United States (Boston: S. Walker, 1844) 100 61. The Old Astor House, Broadway, New York. Isaiah Rogers, architect. Courtesy New-York Historical Society 101 62. Three Early Resort Hotels: Pavilion Hotel, Sharon Springs, New York; photograph Turpin Bannister. Rockaway Marine Pavilion, Rockaway, New York; Town, Davis & Dakin, architects; courtesy New-York Historical Society. Senter House, Center Harbor, New Hampshire; from American Architect 102 63. The Earlier Waldorf-Astoria, New York. Henry J. Hardenbergh, architect. Courtesy Waldorf-Astoria 104 64. Grand Pacific Hotel, Chicago, Illinois. Photograph Barnum & Barnum and Commercial Photographic Co. 105 65. Auditoriujn Hotel, Chicago, Illinois. Exterior, Barroom, and Office. Adler & Sullivan, Architects. Photographs Chicago Architectural Photographic Co. 106 66. Roosevelt Hotel, New York. Main-Floor, Ballroom-Floor, and Typical- Floor Plans. George B. Post & Sons, architects 107 67. Roosevelt Hotel, New York. Exterior and View of Lobby from Tea- room. George B. Post & Sons, architects. Courtesy Roosevelt Hotel 108 68. Statler Hotel, Washington. Main-Floor Plan and Partial Plan of Bed- room Floor. Holabird & Root, architects 111 69. Statler Hotel, Washington. Veranda Café and Typical Bedroom. Hola- bird & Root, architects. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing 113 70. Fredericka Hotel, Little Rock, Arkansas. Exterior. H. Ray Burks, architect; Edward D. Stone, associate. Photograph Hedrich-Blessing 114 71. Terrace Plaza Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio. Exterior. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, architects. Photograph Ezra Stoiier—Pictorial Services 114 72. Terrace Plaza Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio. Lobby and Typical Bedroom. Skidmore, Owings 8c Merrill, architects. Photographs Ezra Stoller— Pictorial Services 115 XIV ILLUSTRATIONS

73. Terrace Plaza Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio. Isometric and Part Plan of En- trance Floor. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, architects. From Architec- tural Forum 116 74. Caribe-Hilton Hotel, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Main-Floor and Typical- Floor Plans. Toro, Ferrer & Torregrosa, architects; Warner-Leeds, interior architects 122 75. Caribe-Hilton Hotel, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Exterior of Model and Staircase in Lobby. Toro, Ferrer & Torregrosa, architects; Warner- Leeds, interior architects. Photograph Hamilton Wright, drawing courtesy Warner-Leeds 12 3 76. Royal Hawaiian Hotel, Waikiki, Honolulu. Dining Porch. Gardner A. Dailey, architect. Photograph Maynard L. Parker 124 77. Hotel Bel Air, Beverly Hills, California. Block Plan and Part Plan of the Public Area. Burton A. Schutt, architect 125 78. Hotel Bel Air, Beverly Hills, California. Two Details. Burton A. Schutt, architect. Photographs Julius Shulman 126 79. Scheme for a Summer Hotel, Peakes Island, Maine. George Littlefield, architect 127 80. Shantytown on the Banks of the Hudson, New York, 1930. Photograph Ewing Galloway 13 3 81. Beach at Atlantic City, New Jersey. Photograph Ewing Galloway 133 82. Children's Recreation Hostel, the Colonia Sandra Mussolini, Cesenatico, Italy. G. Vaccaro, architect. From Architettura 134 83. Youth Hostel, Fällenden, Switzerland. Plans. Emil Roth, architect 136 84. Toll House, Stowe, Vermont. Plans. Edgar A. Hunter, architect 137 85. Toll House, Stowe, Vermont. Exterior and Dining-Living Room. Ed- gar A. Hunter, architect. Courtesy Edgar A. Hunter 138 86. Youth Hostel, Fällenden, Switzerland. Continuous Bunk. Emil Roth, architect. From Das Werk 139 87. Competition for a Children's Camp for the Jewish Vacation Associa- tion. Site Plan and Plan of Dining Hall, Elsa Gidoni, architect 140, 141 88. Competition for a Children's Camp for the Jewish Vacation Associa- tion. Plan for Sleeping Cabin and Two Views of the Model. Elsa Gi- doni, architect 142 89. Central Building of a Children's Camp, Lopez Island, Oregon. Chiarelli & Kirk, architects. Photograph Dearborn-Massar 144 90. Vacation-Camp Site Plans Prepared by the United States National Park Service. From Albert H. Good, architectural consultant for the Na- tional Park Service, Park and Recreation Structures (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1938) 148 91. Butlin Holiday Camp, Corton, England. View of Shopping Center and a Dormitory Plan. Photograph courtesy British Information Services 149 ILLUSTRATIONS XV 92. Unity House, Forest Park, Pennsylvania. Exterior and Interior of the Dining Hall. William Lescaze, architect. Courtesy William Lescaze 150 93. Camp Tamiment, Pennsylvania. Site Plan and Dormitory Plan. Robin & Vogel, architects 151 94. Camp Tamiment, Pennsylvania. Exterior and Interior of the Theater and Interior of the Dining Hall. Robin & Vogel, architects. Photographs Ezra Stoller—Pictorial Services 152 95. Proposed Motor Camp. Site Plan, Cabin Plan, and Cabin Elevation. Ernest Payer, architect 154 96. Dormitory for Railroad Workers, Enola, Pennsylvania. Plans. Lester Tichy, architect. From Pencil Points 155 97. Dormitory for Railroad Workers, Enola, Pennsylvania. Exterior and View of Cubicles. Lester Tichy, architect. Photographs Robert Damora 156 98. Women's City, the Dormitory Group for Women Warworkers, Ar- lington Farms, Virginia. Site Plan and Plan of One Dormitory. George Howe, Gilbert Stanley Underwood, G. S. Persina, S. E. Sanders, architects for the Public Buildings Administration 157 99. Duration Dormitories for Warworkers, Willow Run, Michigan. Site Model. Saarinen & Swanson, architects. Photograph Cranbrook Acad- emy of Art 159 100. Duration Dormitories for Warworkers, Willow Run, Michigan. Com- munity Building and Typical Dormitory. Saarinen 8c Swanson, architects. Photographs John S. Coburn, courtesy Eero Saarinen 160 101. Women's Wartime Industrial Hostels in Great Britain. Social-Center Plan and Typical Dormitory Plan. W. G. Holford, chief architect 161 102. Farm Security Administration Migratory Labor Camp, Tulare, Califor- nia. Air View. Vernon DeMars, chief architect for FSA. Courtesy Li- brary of Congress 162 103. Mineral King Co-operative Farm for the Farm Security Administra- tion. Site Plan. From Pencil Points 163 104. Five Points, New York City, 1869. From Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, courtesy New-York Historical Society 166 105. Typical Slum Flat Plans. From James Ford, Slums and Housing in New York 167 106. Typical Four-Decker Tenements, Windsor, Vermont. Photographs courtesy Arthur Dewing 170 107. Planned and Unplanned Garbage-Collection Facilities and Open Spaces: Highland Dwellings (National Capitol Housing Authority). A Speculative Project. Both in Washington. Photographs Gottscho- Schleisner 172 108. Two Types of Row-House Plan: One by the United States Housing Authority. One with Combined Front and Service Entrance by Henry S. Churchill 173 XVI ILLUSTRATIONS 109. Humanity in Scale in European Housing: Kiefhoek in Rotterdam, the Netherlands; J. J. P. Oud, architect; courtesy Netherlands Information Bureau. Apartment House, Warsaw, Poland; Helena and Szymon Syr- kus, architects; courtesy Museum of .Modern Art, New York 174 110. Humanity in Scale in the United States: Holly Courts Housing Project, San Francisco, California. Arthur Brown, chief architect. Photograph Philip Fein, courtesy San Francisco Housing Authority 175 HI. Humanizing the Playground: Sculpture in Jane Addams Housing Proj- ect, Chicago, Illinois; John A. Holabird, chief architect; Edgar Miller and the WPA Arts Project, sculptors; photograph Vöries Fisher, courtesy Chicago Housing Authority. "Basketball Players" in James Weldon Johnson Houses, New York; Julian Whittlesey, Harry M. Prince, Rob- ert J. Reiley, architects; Oronzio Maldarelli, sculptor; coiirtesy New York Housing Authority 176 112. Nursery School, James Weldon Johnson Houses, New York. Plan. Ju- lian Whittlesey, Harry M. Prince, Robert J. Reiley, architects 177 113. Queensbridge Houses, New York. Community Building. William F. R. Ballard, chief architect; Henry S. Churchill, Frederick G. Frost, Burnett C. Turner, associated architects; Cesare Stea, sculptor. Courtesy New York Housing Authority 178 114. Humanity and Inhumanity in Site Planning: Fort Dupont Housing, Washington (National Capitol Housing Authority); photograph Gott- scho-Schleisner. Stuyvesant Town and Peter Cooper Village, for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company: Air View; photograph Thomas Airviews 179 115. Contrasted Site Plans: Queensbridge Houses, New York; William F. R. Ballard, chief architect; Henry S. Churchill, Frederick G. Frost, Burnett C. Turner, associated architects. Stuyvesant Town, New York, for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company; the Company's Board of De- sign, architects 180 116. Center Line, Michigan. Site Plan. Saarinen, Swanson & Saarinen, architects. From Architectural Forum 181 117. Center Line, Michigan. Two General Views. Saarinen, Swanson & Saarinen, architects. Courtesy Eero Saarinen 181 118. James Weldon Johnson Houses, New York. Site Plan. Julian Whittle- sey, Harry M. Prince, Robert J. Reiley, architects 182 119. James Weldon Johnson Houses, New York. Typical Unit Plans. Julian Whittlesey, Harry M. Prince, Robert J. Reiley, architects 183 120. James Weldon Johnson Houses. Three Views. Julian Whittlesey, Harry M. Prince, Robert J. Reiley, architects. Courtesy New York Housing Authority 184 121. Farm Security Administration Migratory Labor Camp, Yuba City, Cali- ILLUSTRATIONS xvii fornia. Air View. Vernon DeMars, chief architect for FSA. Courtesy Library of Congress 187 122. Fresh Meadows Housing Development, Queens, New York. Plan. Voorhees, Walker, Foley & Smith, architects 188 123. Fresh Meadows Housing Development, Queens, New York. Two Views. Voorhees, Walker, Foley & Smith, architects. Photographs Si- gurd Fischer, courtesy Voorhees, Walker, Foley & Smith 190 124. Chaos in Development, Queens, New York. Courtesy Daily News 194 125. Planning versus Chaos: Fresh Meadows Housing Development and its Surroundings, Queens, New York. Voorhees, Walker, Foley & Smith, architects. Photograph Fairchild Aerial Surveys 195 126. Planning in the Country: Greenbelt, Maryland. Ellington & Wads- worth, architects; Hale Walker, town planner. Courtesy School of Architecture, Columbia University 197 127. Planning in Europe; Two Views of the Housing in Frankfurt am Main: "Zigzag Houses" and Bornheimer Hang. Ernst May, chief architect. Courtesy Avery Library 198 128. Conventional and Well-planned Arrangements of the Same Site. From Federal Housing Administration, Planning Profitable Neighborhoods, Technical Bulletin No. 7 (Washington: Government Printing Office [1938]) 199 129. Plan of Radburn, New Jersey. Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, architects. From Town Planning Review 200 130. A So-called Garden Apartment Development. Baldwin Hills Village, Los Angeles, California: Plan. Reginald D. Johnson and Wilson, Mer- rill & Alexander, associated architects; Clarence Stein, consultant 204 131. A View in Baldwin Hills Village. Reginald D. Johnson and Wilson, Merrill & Alexander, associated architects; Clarence Stein, consultant. Photograph Kramer, courtesy School of Architecture, Columbia Uni- versity 205 132. Livability in Outdoor Areas: Playground, Belmawr Housing, near Cam- den, New Jersey; Mayer & Whittlesey, architects; photograph A. Che- louche. Adult Sitting Area in Radburn, New Jersey; photograph Gret- chen Van Tassel 206 133. Shopping Center, Linda Vista, California. Earl F. Giberson and Whit- ney R. Smith, architects. Photograph Maynard Parker, courtesy Mu- seum of Modern Art, New York 209 134. Recreation Center, Baldwin Hills Village, Los Angeles, California. Reginald D. Johnson and Wilson, Merrill & Alexander, associated architects; Clarence Stein, consultant. Photograph Dick Whittington, courtesy School of Architecture, Columbia University 210 XV111 ILLUSTRATIONS 135. Attractive Pedestrian Circulations: Greenbelt, Maryland; Ellington & Wadsworth, architects; Hale Walker, town planner. Radburn, New Jersey; Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, architects; photograph Gretchen Van Tassel. Courtesy School of Architecture, Columbia Uni- versity 212 136. A Pleasant Place to Live: Baldwin Hills Village, Los Angeles, California. Reginald D. Johnson and Wilson, Merrill & Alexander, associated architects; Clarence Stein, consultant. Photograph Margaret Lowe 213 137. Community and Shopping Center, Greendale, Wisconsin. Walter G. Thomas and Harry J. Bentley, architects; Jacob Crane and Elbert Peets, town planners. Courtesy School of Architecture, Columbia University 214 138. Park Forest, Illinois. General Plan. Loebl, Schlossman & Bennett, architects; Elbert Peets, • town planner. Courtesy American Community Builders, Inc. 216 139. Park Forest, Illinois. Air View and Residential Courts. Loebl, Schloss- man & Bennett, architects; Elbert Peets, town planner. Air view photograph, Harry Williams, aerial photographer; court photograph, Hedrich-BIessing. Courtesy American Community Builders, Inc. 217 140. Early New England Farmhouse Connected to Other Farm Buildings, Knox County, Maine. Exterior. Photograph Rothstein, courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 221 141. Two Early Midwest Farmhouses: Caleb Chapel House, Parma, Michi- gan. One near Marshall, Michigan. Photographs Talbot Hamlin 222 142. Typical Nineteenth-Century Midwest Farmhouse on the Plains. Plan 223 143. Typical Nineteenth-Century Midwest Farmhouse on the Plains. Exte- rior. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 223 144. Chauncey House, Whitehall, Georgia. Exterior» Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 123 145. New Farmhouse Showing Urban Influences, Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin. Exterior. Courtesy United States Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering 226 146. Experimental Farm Kitchen Developed by the Bureau of Human Nu- trition and Home Economics. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 228 147. Expandable Farm Dwelling. Plan. Robert G. Cerny, architect, for Mid- west Farm Papers, Inc. 229 148. Modern Utility Room in a Wisconsin Farmhouse. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 229 149. Wisconsin Farmhouse Remodeled by the Family with the Assistance of the Bureau of Agricultural Engineering, United States Department of Agriculture, and the University of Wisconsin as Part of a Research Project. Plans before and after Remodeling 2 30 ILLUSTRATIONS xix 150. Wisconsin Farmhouse Remodeled by the Family with the Assistance of the Bureau of Agricultural Engineering, United States Department of Agriculture, and the University of Wisconsin as part of a Research Project. Exterior before and after Remodeling. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 231 151. New Farmhouse Built from Plans Furnished by the United States De- partment of Agriculture and the University of Georgia. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 232 152. House Suitable for Farm-Labor Family. Plan and Exterior. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 234 153. Yamhill Project House Built under the Bankhead-Jones Tenant Pur- chase Program. Exterior. Courtesy United States Department of Agri- culture 236 154. Federal Public Housing Authority House, Tupelo, Mississippi. Plan and an Exterior. Photograph courtesy Federal Public Housing Authority Library 237 155. Cul-de-Sac Grouping, Thornton Homes, Thornton, California. Exte- rior. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 2 39 156. Woodville Farm Workers' Community, Woodville, California. Site Plan. Vernon DeMars, chief architect for Farm Security Administra- tion. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 240 157. Community Center and School Building, Woodville Farm Workers' Community, Woodville, California. Exterior. Vernon DeMars, chief architect for Farm Security Administration. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 241 158. Steel Cabins for Migrant Workers, Tulare Migrant Camp, Visalia, Cali- fornia. Exterior. Vernon DeMars, chief architect for Farm Security Administration. Photograph Rothstein, courtesy FSA 241 159. Farm Workers' Camp, Yuba City, California. Air View and Exterior of Multi-Family House. Vernon DeMars, chief architect for Farm Se- curity Administration. Courtesy United States Department of Agricul- ture 242 160. Estimated Percentage of the Total Man-Hours for Selected Enterprises Which Are Spent in and around Farm Buildings, United States, 1943. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 244 161. Plan of Farmstead for North Central States 245 162. Animal Psychroenergetic Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri. Cutaway Isometric View. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 246 163. Modern Two-Story Dairy Barn. Plan and Exterior. Photograph courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 248 164. Large Multi-Story Laying House of the Connecticut Type. Photograph G. W. Ackerman, courtesy Extension Service, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture 251 XX ILLUSTRATIONS 165. Experimental Prefabricated Metal Bins, Hutchinson, Kansas. Exterior. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 252 166. Nebraska-Type Trackside Farm Storage. Exterior and Plan. Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture 2 54 167. Production of Sound Waves by a Vibrating Piston. From Harry F. Olson, Elements of Acoustical Engineering, 2nd ed. (New York: Van Nostrand, 1947) 270 168. The Piano Keyboard and the Frequencies of the Equally Tempered Scale as Used in Music according to the American Standard Pitch. From Harry F. Olson, Elements of Acoustical Engineering 273 169. Relation between the Decibel Scale of Noise Levels and Noise Intensi- ties. From Noise Abatement Commission, Department of Health, City of New York, City Noise (New York: Academy Press, 1930) 274 170. Noise Levels Out-of-Doors Due to Various Noise Sources. From Noise Abatement Commission, Department of Health, City of New York, City Noise 275 171. Ranges of Noise Levels Found in New York City. From Noise Abate- ment Commission, Department of Health, City of New York, City Noise 276 172. Value of m Factor, after Knudsen 281 173. Reduction of Noise Level with Increase in Absorption 282 174. Transmission Loss through Rigid Walls 285 175. Plan and Sectional Sketches of Wall, Floor, and Ceiling Partitions Hav- ing a High Degree of Sound Insulation. From Vern O. Knudsen, Archi- tectural Acoustics (New York: Wiley; London: Chapman & Hall, 1932) 286 176. Noise Level by Octave Bands 287 177. Impact Noise Levels for Various Types of Floor 288 178. Reverberation Periods for Various Volumes 292 179* • Reverberation Periods for Recording or Broadcast Studios 293 180. Proposed Little Theater for Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. Plan. Shreve, Lamb 8c Harmon, architects 294 181. Proposed Little Theater for Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. Sections. Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, architects 295 182. Church of St. Francis of Assisi, Portland, Oregon. Plan after Altera- tion. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 299 183. Plan Proposed to Emphasize the Celebration of the Eucharist. Cour- tesy Liturgical Arts Society 299 184. Proposed Cathedral Plan Providing for Large Outdoor Congregations. Barry Byrne, architect. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 300 185. Plan and Section for a "Celebration Church" to Accommodate a Large Congregation. Papal Legate's Altar in the Center; Other Altars for ILLUSTRATIONS xxi Archbishops, Bishops, and Priests. Barry Byrne, architect. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 301 186. Blessed Sacrament Church, Stowe, Vermont. Plan. Whittier & Good- rich, architects. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 302 • 87. Blessed Sacrament Church, Stowe, Vermont. Exterior and Interior. Whittier & Goodrich, architects. Photographs Richard Garrison, courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 303 188. Church of Our Lady of Peace, Lordship, Connecticut. Plan. J. Gerald Phelan, architect. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 304 189. Church of Our Lady of Peace, Lordship, Connecticut. Exterior and In- terior. J. Gerald Phelan, architect. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 305 190. St. Mark's Church, Burlington, Vermont. Plan. Freeman, French & Freeman, architects. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 306 191. St. Mark's Church, Burlington, Vermont. Exterior. Freeman, French & Freeman, architects. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 306 192. Church in the Philippine Islands. Plan and Perspective of Interior. An- tonin Raymond & L. L. Rado, architects. Courtesy Antonin Raymond and L. L. Rado 307 193. Church in the Philippine Islands. Exterior of Model. Antonin Raymond & L. L. Rado, architects. Photograph Ezra Stoller. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 308 194. Church in England. Plan. Eric Gill, designer. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 309 195. Church in England. Interior. Eric Gill, designer. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 309 196. Church of St. Francis Xavier, Kansas City, Missouri. Plan. Barry Byrne, architect 310 197. Church of St. Francis Xavier, Kansas City, Missouri. Photographs of Model. Barry Byrne, architect. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 312 198. Contemporary Religious Painting: "St. John the Baptist," by Lauren Ford. "Our Lady of Fatima," by Sister Mary of the Compassion, O.P. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 313 199. Contemporary Religious Painting: "The Holy Family," by Jean Char- lot. "The Nativity," by Alfred D. Crimi. Courtesy Liturgical Arts So- ciety 314 200. Two Stations of the Cross: An engraving by André Racz; photograph Oliver Baker. A painting on plaster by Joep Nicolas, in Fordham Uni- versity Chapel (Downtown Division); photograph F. S. Lincoln. Cour- tesy Liturgical Arts Society 315 201. Contemporary Religious Sculpture: "The Prophet," José de Creeft, sculptor; photograph John D. Schiff, courtesy the Passedoit Gallery, New York. "St. Rose of Lima," Suzanne Nicolas, sculptor; courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 316 xxii ILLUSTRATIONS

202. Contemporary Religious Sculpture: "St. Joan of Arc," Henry Rox, sculptor; copyright Henry Rox. "St. Benedict," Janet Decoux, sculptor. Courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 317 203. "Head of St. Francis." Jean de Marco, sculptor. Photograph Bogart Studio, courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 318 204. A Crucifix. Ivan Mestrovic, sculptor. Photograph Peter A. Julev & Son, courtesy Liturgical Arts Society 319 205. Four Early European Protestant Church Plans: From Stockholm; Jean de la Vallee, architect. From Zellerfeld, Germany. From Forchheim, Germany; Georg Bahr, architect. The Frauenkirche, Dresden, Ger- many; Georg Bahr, architect 323 206. Meetinghouse, Rockingham, Vermont. Plan. From White Pine Series Vol. VIII, No. 6 (New York: Whitehead and the Pencil Points Press, 1915-), courtesy Russell F. Whitehead 324 207. Meetirtghouse, Rockingham, Vermont. Exterior and Interior. Photo- graphs Kenneth Clark, from White Pine Series, Vol. VIII, No. 6, courtesy Russell F* Whitehead 324 208. Early Episcopal Churches in the United States: St. Luke's Church, Isle of Wight County, Virginia: photograph Frances Benjamin Johnston. Bruton Parish Church, Virginia, Plan and Interior; courtesy School of Architecture, Columbia University 326 209. St. Paul's Chapel, New York. Interior. James McBean, architect. Photo- graph Brown Brothers 329 210. Sansom Street Church, Philadelphia. Interior and Exterior. Robert Mills, architect. From the Robert Mills material, Avery Library 330 211. St. Luke's Church, Granville, Ohio. Exterior and Interior. Minard La- fever, architect. Photographs Rolan Thompson, courtesy Horace E. King 331 212. Trinity Church, New York. Exterior and Interior. Richard Upjohn, architect. Exterior courtesy Ewing Galloway; interior courtesy Trinity Church 332 213. Three Typical Nineteenth-Century Church Designs. From a church plan book, courtesy Walter A. Taylor 334 214. First Methodist Church, Cobleskill, New York. Two Views of the Inte- rior. Photographs Walter A. Taylor 335 215. Delaware Baptist Church, Syracuse, New York. Typical Akron-Plan Sunday School. Photograph Walter A. Taylor 336 216. Methodist Church, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Louis H. Sullivan, architect. Photograph Baldridge Studio, courtesy Museum of Modern Art, New York 336 217. St. Thomas's Church, New York. Exterior and Interior. Cram, Good- hue & Ferguson, architects. Exterior courtesy St. Thomas's Church; interior photograph Gottscho-Schleisner 337 ILLUSTRATIONS XXUl 218. Trinity Lutheran Church, Fort Wayne, Indiana. Interior. Bertram Goodhue Associates, architects. Courtesy Walter A. Taylor 338 219. Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York. Exterior. McKim, Mead & White, architects. From A Monograph of the Work of McKim, Mead & White, 1879-191; (New York: Architectural Book Pub. Co. [C1915-1919]) 339 220. Trinity Church, Boston. Exterior and Interior. H. H. Richardson, architect. From Monographs of American Architecture, No. 3, 1886 (Bos- ton: Ticknor, 1886-98) 340 221. Mexican Baptist Church, Tucson, Arizona. MerrilL, Humble & Taylor, architects. Courtesy Walter A. Taylor 341 222. First Presbyterian Church, New Rochelle, New York. Interior and Ex- terior. John Russell Pope, architect. Courtesy Walter A. Taylor 342 223. Church of Christ at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Ex- terior and Interior. Office of Hobart Upjohn, architects. Exterior courtesy Walter A. Taylor; interior courtesy Church of Christ at Dart- mouth College 343 224. First Church of Christ, Longmeadow, Massachusetts. Plans for Addi- tions to a Colonial Church. Wallace E. Dibble, architect; Walter A. Taylor, consultant 344 225. Provisions for Parish Activity: Calvary Methodist Church, Frederick, Maryland; Sundt, Wenner and Fink & Thomas, architects. First Pres- byterian Church, Erie, Pennsylvania; Walter A. Taylor, architect 345 226. Plans for Integrated Activities in a Small Rural Church. Walter A. Tay- lor, architect 346 227. Comparative Plans and Sections. Courtesy Walter A. Taylor 351 228. Characteristic Protestant Chancels: First Baptist Church, New Bruns- wick, New Jersey; Office of Hobart Upjohn, architects. Methodist Church, Greensboro, North Carolina; Office of Hobart Upjohn, architects. First Baptist Church, Evanston, Illinois, before and after Remod- eling; Talmadge & Watson, architects. Crombie Street Congregational Church, Salem, Massachusetts; Merrill, Humble & Taylor, architects. Courtesy Walter A. Taylor 352 229. Unity Temple, Oak Park, Illinois. Exterior and Plan. Frank Lloyd Wright, architect. Photograph courtesy Museum of Modern Art, New York 353 230. St. Clement's Church, Alexandria, Virginia. Plan. Carl Zimmerman, architect. Courtesy Walter A. Taylor 354 231. St. Matthew's Episcopal Chapel, Gold Beach, Oregon. Perspective and Plan. Roi L. Morin, architect. Courtesy Walter A. Taylor 355 232. Federated Church, Orland, California. Interior. George P. Simonds, architect. Courtesy Walter A. Taylor 356 xxiv ILLUSTRATIONS 233. Tabernacle Church of Christ, Columbus, Indiana. Two Plans. Eliel and Eero Saarinen, architects; E. D. Pierre and George Wright, associated architects. From Architectural Forum 357 2 34. Tabernacle Church of Christ, Columbus, Indiana. Exterior and Interior of Church and Exterior of Parish House. Eliel and Eero Saarinen, architects; E. D. Pierre and George Wright, associated architects. Photo- graphs Hedrich-Blessing 359 235. Reorganized Church of Latter Day Saints, Midland, Michigan. Exte- rior, Interior, and Chancel Detail. Alden B. Dow, architect. Photographs Elmer L. Astleford 360 236. Christian Reformed Church, Los Angeles, California. Elevation and Plan. Whitney R. Smith, architect. Courtesy Whitney R. Smith 361 237. Sea Bee Chapel, Camp Parks, California. Interior. Bruce Goff, designer. Official United States Navy photograph, G. E. Kidder Smith, courtesy G. E. Kidder Smith 362 238. Two Early Spanish Synagogues: The present Santa Maria la Blanca, Toledo. The present Iglesia del Transito, Toledo. Courtesy Ware Li- brary 366 239. Mosaic Tabernacle. Exterior as restored by Fergusson; from James Fer- gusson, The Temples of the Jews . . . (London: Murray, 1878) 367 240. Temple of Solomon, according to the Talmud. Plans. Restoration by J. D. Einstein, from the Jewish Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1901-6) 368 241. Temple at Jerusalem. Bird's-eye View of Restoration by Charles Chi- piez. From Georges Perrot and Charles Chipiez, Histoire de fart dans l'antiquité (Paris: Hachette, 1882-1914) 369 242. Plans of Two Ancient Synagogues: Capernaum, Palestine. Miletus, Greece. From E. L. Sukenik, Ancient Synagogues in Palestine and Greece, Schweich Lectures, the British Academy (London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, for the British Academy, 1934) 370 243. Ancient Synagogue Symbolism: Mosaic Floors from the Synagogues at Beth Alpha and at Jeresh in Palestine. From E. L. Sukenik, Ancient Synagogues in Palestine and Greece 371 244. Old Synagogue, Now in Ruins, in K'ai Fung Foo, China. Exterior and Interior. From the Jewish Quarterly Review 375 245. Medieval Synagogue, Regensburg, Germany. Plan. From Richard Krautheimer, Mittelalterliche Synagogen (Berlin: Frankfurter Verlags- anstalt [C1927]) 376 246. Medieval Synagogue, Regensburg, Germany. Interior. From Richard Krautheimer, Mittelalterliche Synagogen 376 247. Comparative Plans of Medieval and More Recent Synagogues 378, 379 248. Interiors of Old Synagogues in Berlin and Rotterdam. From the Jewish Encyclopedia 380 ILLUSTRATIONS XXV 249. Old Synagogue, Amsterdam. Interior of Synagogue and Detail of the Ark. From Bernard Picart, Ceremonies et couttrmes religieuses de torn les peuples du monde (Amsterdam: Bernard, 1739) 381 250. Touro Synagogue, Newport, Rhode Island. Exterior and Interior. Peter Harrison, architect. Photographs Kerschner, courtesy Newport His- torical Society 382 251. Beth Elohim Synagogue, Charleston, South Carolina. Interior. Cyrus L. Warner, architect. Photograph Carl Julien 383 252. Eclecticism in Synagogue Design: Synagogue, Florence, Italy, Exterior. Synagogue, Strasbourg, France, Exterior and Interior. From the Jewish Encyclopedia 384 253. Basilican Synagogue Interiors: Mikve Israel Synagogue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Synagogue of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, Mon- treal, Canada. From the Jewish Encyclopedia 385 254. Temple Emanu-El, San Francisco, California. Plan. Bakewell & Brown and Sylvan Schnaittacher, architects. From Architectural Record 386 255. Temple Emanu-EI, San Francisco, California. Exterior and Interior. Bakewell & Brown and Sylvan Schnaittacher, architects. Photographs Gabriel Moulin 386 256. Synagogue, Amsterdam. Exterior and Interior. Harry van Elte, architect. From Kerken, No. 15 of "Moderne Bouwkunst in Nederland" (Rotterdam: Brusse, 1932) 387 257. Two Modern Synagogue Plans: Tiferith Israel Synagogue, Dallas, Texas; Howard R. Meyer, architect. Temple Beth-El, Tyler, Texas; Howard R. Meyer, architect; Charles J. Pate, associate 388 258. Temple Beth-El, Tyler, Texas. Exterior and Interior. Howard R. Meyer, architect; Charles J. Pate, associate. Photographs Walter Stein- hard, courtesy Howard R. Meyer 389 259. Tiferith Israel Synagogue, Dallas, Texas. Exterior and Interior. Howard R. Meyer, architect. Photographs Jean St. Thomas, courtesy Howard R. Meyer 390 260. Congregation B'nai Amoona, St. Louis, Missouri. Plan, Interior Perspec- tives, and Photograph of Model. Eric Mendelsohn, architect. Photo- graph of model, John H. Lohman. Courtesy Eric Mendelsohn 392, 393 261. Cleveland Jewish Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Plan, Interior Perspective, and Photograph of Model. Eric Mendelsohn, architect. Photograph of model, Dean Stone and Hugo Steccati. Courtesy Eric Mendelsohn 394 262. Theater, Priene, Asia Minor, in the Hellenistic Period. From Armin von Gerkan, Das Theater von Priene . . . (Munich: Schmidt, 1921) 397 263. Roman Theater, Orange, France. Exterior of Stagehouse and Interior. Courtesy Ware Library 398 264. Model of the Setting for a Medieval Miracle Play. Courtesy Brander Matthews Dramatic Museum, Columbia University 398 xxvi ILLUSTRATIONS 265. Models of an English Inn Yard of 1550 and of the Fortune Theater, London. Courtesy Brander Matthews Dramatic Museum, Columbia University 399 266. A Modern Chinese Theater: Pa-chi Kuan Theater, Mukden, Manchuria. Exterior and Interior. From Chuta Ito, Architectural Decoration in China, translated by Jiro Harada (Tokyo: Toko Bunka Gakuin [ Acad- emy of Oriental Culture], 1941) 399 267. Teatro Olympico, Vicenza, Italy. Andrea Palladio, architect Courtesy Ware Library 400 268. La Scala Opera House, Milan, Italy, and an Unidentified Italian Rococo Theater. Courtesy Ware Library 402 269. Grand Théâtre, Bordeaux, France. Plan. Victor Louis, architect. From Charles Marionneau, Victor Louis . . . (Bordeaux: Gounouilhou, 1881) 403 270. Comparative Plans of Theater Auditoriums: Versailles; Covent Garden, London; Opéra, Paris; and La Scala, Milan. From J. Guadet, Éléments et théorie de F architecture (Paris: Aulanier, n.d.) 404 271. Opéra, Paris. Plan. Charles Gamier, architect. From Manfred Semper, "Theater," Handbuch der Architektur, Part IV, Sec. VI (Stuttgart: Kröner, 1904) 406 272. Opéra, Paris. Longitudinal Section. Charles Gamier, architect. From J. Guadet, Éléments et théorie . . . 407 273. Theater, Versailles. Interior. A. J. Gabriel, architect. From Le Théâtre et le foyer du Palais de Versailles (Paris: Guérinet, 1908) 408 274. Richard Wagner's Festspielhaus, Bayreuth, Germany. Plan and Section. Otto Brückwald, architect. Redrawn from Deutsche Bauzeitung 409 275. Künstlertheater, Munich, Germany. Plan and Section. Max Littmann, architect. Section from Architectural Record 410 276. Grosses Schauspielhaus, Berlin. Interior. Hans Poelzig, architect. From G. A. Platz, Die Baukunst der neuesten Zeit (Berlin: Propyläenverlag, 1927) 411 277. Theaters and Drama School, Stuttgart, Germany. Plan. Max Littmann, architect. From Paul Zucker, Theater und Lichtspielhäuser (Berlin: Wasmuth, 1926) 412 278. Century (New) Theater, New York. Plans and Section. Carrère 8c Hastings, architects 413 279. Theatre Guild Theatre, New York. Plans and Section. C. Howard Crane, Kenneth Franzheim, and Charles H. Bettis, architects; Lee Si- monson, theatrical consultant. From Architectural Record 414 280. Earl Carroll Theater, New York. Plans and Section. George Keister, architect; Joseph Babolnay, designer. From Architectural Forum 415 281. Earl Carroll Theater, New York. Interior. George Keister, architect; Joseph Babolnay, designer. From Architectural Forum 416 ILLUSTRATIONS xxvii 282. Theater of the Students' Union, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Plans and Section. Michael Hare and Harvey Corbett, architects; Lee Simonson, theatrical consultant. From Architectural Forum 420 283. Theater of the Students' Union, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Exterior and Interior. Michael Hare and Harvey Corbett, architects; Lee Simonson, theatrical consultant. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing 423 284. Project for a Theater for Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hamp- shire. Plans and Section. J. F. Larson, architect 426, 427 285. Project for a Community Theater for Chiswick, London. Plan, Sec- tion, and Detail. H. Herrey, architect. From Architectural Forum 429 286. Cleveland Playhouse, Cleveland, Ohio. Plan. Philip L Small and Charles B. Rowley, architects 430 287. The "Flexible Theater." Norman Bel Geddes, designer 436 288. The "Flexible Theater." Norman Bel Geddes, designer 437 289. Theater for the University of Washington, Seattle. Plans. Chiarelli & Kirk, architects; John Paul Jones, supervising architect 438 290. Theater for the University of Washington, Seattle. Exterior. Chiarelli & Kirk, architects; John Paul Jones, supervising architect. Courtesy Chia- relli & Kirk 439 291. Community Theater, Malmo, Sweden. Plans and Section. Lallerstedt, Lewerentz & Hellden, architects. From Architecture (Taujourdhui 440 292. Community Theater, Malmo, Sweden. Exterior and Interior. Laller- stedt, Lewerentz & Hellden, architects. Photographs Jaerke, courtesy American Swedish News Exchange 441 293. Community Theater, Malmo, Sweden. Lobby and Foyer. Lallerstedt, Lewerentz & Hellden, architects. Photographs Jaerke, courtesy Afri- can Swedish News Exchange 442 294. Two Early Motion-Picture Theaters: Cascade Theatre, Newcastle, Pennsylvania, a typical nickelodeon. Lee Theatre, Clinton, Missouri, an altered business building. Courtesy Better Theatres 446 295. Early Large Motion-Picture Theaters: Academy Theater, Lynchburg, Virginia, Exterior. Liberty Theater, Lincoln, Nebraska, an altered legitimate theater, Interior. Courtesy Better Theatres 447 296. The Motion-Picture Palace: the Paramount Theatre, New York. Audi- torium and Foyer Interiors. Rapp & Rapp, architects. Courtesy Para- mount Theatre 448 297. Loew's 72nd Street Theater, New York: an "Atmospheric Theater." Thomas W. Lamb, Inc., architects. Courtesy Edward Dowden, Loew's Theaters 449 298. Grauman's Metropolitan Theater, Los Angeles, California. Auditorium Interior. William Lee Woollett, architect Photographs Merge Studios, courtesy William Lee Woollett 449 XXV iii ILLUSTRATIONS 299. Grauman's Metropolitan Theater, Los Angeles, California. Interior of Foyer, Main Lobby, and Balcony Entrance from Foyer. William Lee Woollett, architect. Photographs Merge Studios, courtesy William Lee Woollett 450 300. Music Hall, Rockefeller Center, New York. Main-Floor Plan and Sec- tion. Reinhard & Hofmeister; Corbett, Harrison & MacMurray; and Hood & Fouilhoux, associated architects. From Architectural Forum 452 jo 1. Music Hall, Rockefeller Center, New York. Auditorium and Foyer In- teriors. Reinhard & Hofmeister; Corbett, Harrison & MacMurray; and Hood & Fouilhoux, associated architects. Photograph of foyer, Cosmo- Sileo. Courtesy Radio City Music Hall 454 302. Three Diagram Sections of Motion-Picture-Theater Floor Slopes, Showing the Advantage of Reverse or Bowled Slopes 455 303. Tacna Theater, Lima, Peru. Construction Photograph of Rear of Bal- cony. Schlanger & Hoffberg and Reisner & Urbahn, associated architects. Courtesy Ben Schlanger 456 304. Acoustic Modification of Form: Theater, Museum of Modern Art, New York; Philip Goodwin and Edward D. Stone, architects; photograph Robert Damora, courtesy Museum of Modern Art, New York. Westville Theater, New Haven, Connecticut; Jacob Weinstein and Ben Schlanger, associated architects; C. C. Potwin, acoustic consultant; courtesy Ben Schlanger 457 305. Private Preview Theater, New York. Ben Schlanger, architect. Photo- graph Monroe Carrington, courtesy Ben Schlanger 458 306. Contrasted Theater Interiors: Pix Theater, White Plains, New York; Bianculli 8c Ghiani, architects; Ben Schlanger, consulting architect; ghotograph F. S. Lincoln. Sutton Theater, New York; Ben Schlanger, architect; photograph Monroe Carrington, courtesy Ben Schlanger 458 307. Esquire Theater, Chicago, Illinois. Plans. Pereira & Pereira, architects. From Architectural Forum 460 308. Esquire Theater, Chicago, Illinois. Exterior and Interior. Pereira & Pe- reira, architects. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing 461 309. Tacna Theater, Lima, Peru. Plan and Section. Schlanger & Hoffberg and Reisner 8c Urbahn, associated architects. From Architectural Record 462 310. Tacna Theater, Lima, Peru. Front and Rear of Auditorium. Schlanger 8c Hoffberg and Reisner 8c Urbahn, associated architects. Courtesy Ben Schlanger 463 311. Normandie Theater, New York. Plan and Section. Rosario Candela and Ben Schlanger, architects. Courtesy Rosario Candela 464 312. Normandie Theater, New York. Exterior. Rosario Candela and Ben Schlanger, architects. Courtesy Ben Schlanger 465 313. Normandie Theater, New York. Front and Rear of Auditorium. Rosa- ILLUSTRATIONS xxix rio Candela and Ben Schlanger, architects. Photographs Alfred Cook, courtesy Ben Schlanger 466 314. Pan-Pacific Theater, Los Angeles, California. Plan and Section. W. L. Pereira and Wurdeman & Becket, associated architects. From Archi- tectural Forum 469 315. Pan-Pacific Theater, Los Angeles, California. Exterior and Interior. W. L. Pereira and Wurdeman & Becket, associated architects. Photo- graphs Julius Shulman 470 316. Pix Theater, Rock Hill, South Carolina. Plan and Section. Ben Schlan- ger, architect 471 317. Pix Theater, Rock Hill, South Carolina. Exterior and Interior. Ben Schlanger, architect. Exterior photograph Thackston Studios, courtesy Ben Schlanger; interior photograph Ben Schlanger 472 318. Baldwin Theatre, Los Angeles, California, Built with Laminated Wood Arches. Exterior and Interior. Lewis E. Wilson, architect; Frank Ropp, engineer. Photographs Julius Shulman 474 319. Island Theatre, Bermuda. Exterior and Interior. Schlanger & Hoffberg, architects and engineers; Reisner & Urbahn, architects. Photographs Clarke Brothers 475 320. Greek Theater, Epidaurus, Greece. Courtesy Ware Library 479 321. Town Hall, New York. Plans and Section. McKim, Mead 8c White, architects 480 322. Town Hall, New York. Interior. McKim, Mead & White, architects. Courtesy Town Hall 481 323. Auditorium, Indiana University, Bloomington. Plan. Eggers & Hig- gins, architects 481 324. Hill Auditorium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Plans and Sec- tion. Albert Kahn, architect; Ernest Welby, associate 482 325. Hill Auditorium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Interior. Albert Kahn, architect; Ernest Welby, associate. Courtesy University of Mich- igan 482 326. Comparative Auditorium Shapes 484, 485 327. Auditorium, Connecticut College for Women, New London. Plans and Section. Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, architects. From Architectural Forum 486 328. Auditorium, Connecticut College for Women, New London. Interior. Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, architects. Photograph Gottscho-Schleisner 487 329. Civic Opera House, Chicago, Illinois. Plans. Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, architects 489 330. Civic Opera House, Chicago, Illinois. General Section and Acoustic Diagram. Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, architects 490 331. Concert Hall, Göteborg, Sweden. Plans and Section. Nils Einar Eriks- son, architect 493 XXX ILLUSTRATIONS 332. Conceit Hall, Göteborg, Sweden. Exterior and Interior. Nils Einar Eriksson, architect. Exterior from Moderne Bmformen; interior courtesy American Swedish News Exchange 494 333. Salle Pleyel, Paris. Plans and Section. Auburtin, Granet & J. B. Mathon, architects 495 3 34. Kleinhans Music Hall, Buffalo, New York. Plan. F. J. & W. A. Kidd and Eliel Saarinen, associated architects. From Architectural Forum 496 335. Kleinhans Music Hall, Buffalo, New York. Exterior and Large Concert Hall. F. J. & W. A. Kidd and Eliel Saarinen, associated architects. Photo- graphs Robert Damora 497 336. Auditorium, Cleveland, Ohio. Plans and Section. J. H. MacDonald, architect; F. R. Walker, consulting architect 500 337. Municipal Auditorium, Kansas City, Missouri. Three Plans. Alonzo H. Gentry; Voskamp & Neville; Hoit, Price & Barnes, associated architects; Erwin Pfuhl, structural engineer; W. L. Cassell, mechanical engineer 502 338. Municipal Auditorium, Kansas City, Missouri. Section. Alonzo H. Gentry; Voskamp & Neville; Hoit, Price & Barnes, associated architects; Erwin Pfuhl, structural engineer; W. L. Cassell, mechanical engineer $03 339. Municipal Auditorium, Kansas City, Missouri. Exterior and Audito- rium Interior. Alonzo H. Gentry; Voskamp & Neville; Hoit, Price 8c Barnes, associated architects; Erwin Pfuhl, structural engineer; W. L. Cassell, mechanical engineer. Courtesy Alonzo Gentry 504 340. Municipal Auditorium, Kansas City, Missouri. Exhibition Hall, Lobby, and Theater. Alonzo H. Gentry; Voskamp & Neville; Hoit, Price & Barnes, associated architects; Erwin Pfuhl, structural engineer; W. L. Cassell, mechanical engineer. Courtesy Alonzo Gentry 505 341. Madison Square Garden, New York. Plans. Thomas W. Lamb, architect 515 342. Messehalle, Helsinki. Plan and Section. Hytönen & Luukkonen, architects 516 343. Municipal Auditorium, Topeka, Kansas. Exterior. Griest 8c Coolidge, architects. Photograph Wolfe's, courtesy Municipal Auditorium, To- peka 517 344. A Carved Frieze, Angkor Wat. From Tel, Angkor Wat (Paris: Tel, 1931) 518 345. Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem. Photograph Deane Dickason from Ewing Galloway 519 346. Illustrations Characteristic of Henry Barnard's Work, Showing Plans, Examples, and Early School Desks and Seats. From Henry Barnard, School Architecture . . . (New York: Barnes, 1848; rev. with additions, 1853) 542 ILLUSTRATIONS XXXI 347. Early American Schoolhouses. From James Johonnot, School-Houses; Architectural Designs by S. E. Hewes (New York: Schermerhorn, 1872) 544 348. A Typical "Academy": Lancaster School, Albany, New York. Ele- vation and Plans. Philip Hooker, architect. Plans redrawn from and elevation from Edward W. Root, Philip Hooker . . . (New York: Scribner's, 1929) 546 349. Cudworth School, East Boston, Massachusetts. Perspective and Plans. Edmund M. Wheelwright, architect. From Francis W. Chandler, Mu- nicipal Architecture in Boston, from Designs by Edmund M. Wheel- wright, City Architect, 1891-189f (Boston: Bates & Guild, 1898) 547 350. Typical Early-Twentieth-Century Elementary Classroom, according to Donovan. From John J. Donovan, School Architecture; Principles and Practices (New York: Macmillan, 1921) 548 351. High School, Parkersburg, West Virginia. Plan. F. Packard and R. Sny- der, architects 550 352. Two High Schools of the First Quarter of the Twentieth Century: Lin- coln High School, Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Evanston Township High School, Evanston, Illinois. Perkins, Fellows & Hamilton, architects. Photographs Chicago Architectural Photographing Co. 551 353. Aasonia High School, Ansonia, Connecticut. Isometric. William Les- caze, architect. Courtesy William Lescaze 552 354. Ansonia High School, Ansonia, Connecticut. Two Exteriors. William Lescaze, architect. Courtesy William Lescaze 553 355. School at Hilversum, the Netherlands. Plan. W. M. Dudok, architect 554 356. School at Hilversum, the Netherlands. Court Terrace and First-Grade Interior. W. M. Dudok, architect. Courtesy School of Architecture, Columbia University 555 357. School at Romerstadt, near Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Exterior and Plans. Martin Elsaesser and W. Schutte, architects. From Roger Poulain, Écoles . . . (Paris: Fréal, 1930-31?) 556 358. Public Elementary School, Stockholm. E. G. Asplund, architect. Cour- tesy American Swedish News Exchange 557 359. Experimental Elementary School, Bell, California. Exterior Views and Plan. Richard J. Neutra, architect. General photographs Luckhaus Stu- dios; detail photograph Julius Schulman, courtesy Richard J. Neutra 558 360. Two One-Story School Plans: Upland, California; Marsh, Smith & Powell, architects. Crow Island School, Winnetka, Illinois; Saarinen & Swanson and Perkins & Will, associated architects. From Architectural Forum 559 361. Open-Plan One-Story School: Acalanes Union High School, Califor- nia. Franklin & Kump, architects 560 XXX ii ILLUSTRATIONS 362. Typical Activity Classrooms; Isometric Views: Classroom, Ross School, San Rafael, California; Carl Gramme, architect. First-Grade Room, Blythe Park Elementary School, Riverside, Illinois; Perkins & Will, architects 562 363. Typical Modern Kindergarten and a School Library, Elementary School, Northville, Michigan; Lyndon 8c Smith, architects; photographs F. S. Lincoln. Library, Blythe Park Elementary School, Riverside, Illi- nois; Perkins & Will, architects; Milton Horn, sculptor; photograph Estelle Horn 564 364. Nursery School, Charlestown Township, Pennsylvania. Isometric. Os- car Stonorov, architect. From Architectural Forum 566 365. Machine and Metal Trades High School, New York. Plans. Eric Keb- bon, architect 568, 569 366. Machine and Metal Trades High School, New York. Exterior. Eric Kebbon, architect. Photograph Rodney McCay Morgan—Photolog, courtesy New York City Board of Education 570 367. Characteristic Gymnasium Plans: Norris School, Norris, Tennessee; Tennessee Valley Authority, architects; from Architectural Record. High School, Farmington, Michigan; Lyndon 8c Smith, architects; from Architectural Forum 572 368. Building for Athletics, High School, Farmington, Michigan. Exterior and Interior. Lyndon & Smith, architects. Photographs Hedrich- Blessing 573 369. Upland Elementary School, Upland, California; Exterior of Audito- rium. John C. Fremont School, Anaheim, California; Interior of Audi- torium. Marsh, Smith 8c Powell, architects. Photographs Eaton, courtesy Marsh, Smith & Powell 575 370. Plans Showing Provision for Community Use: Center Line Community House and School, Center Line, Michigan; Saarinen 8c Swanson, architects. Blythe Park Elementary School, Riverside, Illinois; Perkins 8c Will, architects 580 371. Daylighting Classrooms: Comparative Sections. From Architectural Record 582 372. Daylighting Classrooms: Liberty School, Agoura, California; Ralph C. Flewelling 8c Associates, architects. High School, Martinez, California; Bamberger 8c Reid, architects. High School, Clarksville, New York; Henry A. Blatner, architect. Laurel School, San Mateo, California; Franklin, Kump 8c Falk, architects. High School, Barstow, California; Franklin, Kump 8c Falk, architects. Blythe Park Elementary School, Riverside, Illinois; Perkins 8c Will, architects 584 373. Fred R. Moore Public School 133, New York. Plans. Archibald F. Gil- bert, architect 588, 589 ILLUSTRATIONS XXX11J 374. Comparative School Plan Types: Lincoln School, Independence, Kan- sas; T. W. Williamson Company, architects; from Pencil Points. Cen- tral Elementary School, Richfield, Minnesota; Long & Thorshov, architects; Ralph E. Thomas and associates, engineers; from Progressive Architecture. Ross School, San Rafael, California; Carl Gromme, architect. Lowell School, Salina, Kansas; Charles W. & John A. Shaver, architects; from Progressive Architecture 590, 591 375. Expression in Schools: Public School 33, New York; Eric Kebbon, architect; courtesy New York City Board of Education. John C. Fre- mont School, Anaheim, California, Covered Way and Auditorium; Marsh, Smith & Powell, architects; photograph Eaton, courtesy Marsh, Smith & Powell. Fred R. Moore Public School 133, New York; Archi- bald F. Gilbert, architect; courtesy New York City Board of Education 592 376. Expression in Schools: Elementary School, Richfield, Minnesota. Long & Thorshov, architects. Photograph Photography, Inc. 593 377. Expression in Schools: Crow Island School, Winnetka, Illinois; Saari- nen & Swanson and Perkins & Will, associate architects; photograph Hedrich-Blessing. Northville School, Northville, Michigan; Lyndon & Smith, architects; photograph F. S. Lincoln. Nursery School, Charles- town Township, Pennsylvania; Oscar Stonorov, architect; photographs Robert Damora 595 378. Expression in Schools: Blythe Park Elementary School, Riverside, Illi- nois. Perkins & Will, architects. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing, courtesy Perkins 8c Will 596 379. Eton School, England. View in Courtyard. Chiefly Sixteenth Century. Courtesy British Information Services 600 380. Virginia Military Institute, Lexington. Exterior of Main Building, 1857. A. J. Davis, architect. Photograph Wayne Andrews 600 381. St. George's School, Middletown, Rhode Island. Air View, Block Plan, and Two Exteriors. Courtesy St. George's School 601 382. Groton School, Groton, Massachusetts. Plan of Schoolhouse and Block Plan. Courtesy Groton School 603 383. Groton School, Groton, Massachusetts. Schoolhouse and Hundred Hall Refectory. Courtesy Groton School 604 384. Choate School, Wallingford, Connecticut. Two Typical Views. Cour- tesy Choate School 605 385. Middlesex School, Concord, Massachusetts. Two Air Views and Key. Photograph Fairchild Aerial Survey 606 386. Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, New Jersey. Air View of Quad- rangle and Playing Fields. Courtesy Lawrenceville School 607 387. Deerfield Academy, Deerfield, Massachusetts. Administration Building and Science Building. Geoffrey Piatt, architect. Photographs Gottscho- Schleisner 608 xxxiv ILLUSTRATIONS 388. Loomis Institute, Windsor, Connecticut. General Plan. Murphy & Dana, architects. From Architecture 609 389. Loomis Institute, Windsor, Connecticut. Founders Hall (the School Building) and Interiors of Dining Hall and Chapel. Murphv & Dana, architects. Photographs Kenneth Clark, from Architecuire 610 390. Phillips Andover Academy, Andover, Massachusetts. Part General Plan 611 391. Avon Old Farms School, Avon, Connecticut. General Plan. Theodate Pope, architect. Courtesy Avon Old Farms School 612 392. Avon Old Farms School, Avon, Connecticut. General View, Refectory and Bank, and Dormitory Court. Theodate Pope, architect. Cour- tesy Avon Old Farms School 613 393. California Military Academy, Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles. Plan. Rich- ard J. Neutra, architect 614 394. California Military Academy, Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles, California. Classroom Wing, East Entrance, and Dormitory Corridor. Richard J. Neutra, architect. Photographs Luckhaus Studios 615 395. Design for Riverdale Country Day School, Riverdale, New York. Plan of Academic Group and Photograph of Model. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, architects. Courtesy Skidmore, Owings & Merrill 616 396. Design for Riverdale Country Day School, Riverdale, New York. Court of Academic Group and Typical Student Residence. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, architects. Courtesy Skidmore, Owings & Merrill 617 397. North Country School, Lake Placid, New York. Plans. Douglas Has- kell, Henry S. Churchill, and Roderick Seidenberg, architects 618 398. North Country School, Lake Placid, New York. Exterior of Main Building. Douglas Haskell, Henry S. Churchill, and Roderick Seiden- berg, architects. Photograph Ezra Stoller—Pictorial Services 619 399. North Country School, Lake Placid, New York. Interior. Douglas Haskell, Henry S. Churchill, and Roderick Seidenberg, architects. Photograph Ezra Stoller—Pictorial Services and Douglas Haskell 620 400. Collegio di Sapienza, Rome. Plan. Giacomo della Porta, architect. From J. Guadet, Éléments et théorie . . . 624 401. Balliol College, Oxford. Bird's-eye View. From David Loggan, Oxonia Illustrata . . . (Oxford: Sheldonian Theater, 1675) 624 402. Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts. View in 1795. From a painting by J. Houdin, courtesy Miss Reeves and John C. B. Moore 625 403. Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts. From a drawing by A. J. Davis, from John Howard Hinton, The History and Topography of the United States . . . (Boston: Walker, 1844) 625 404. Union College, Schenectady, New York. Original Design. J. J. Ramée, architect. From the original drawing at Union College, courtesy Union College 626 ILLUSTRATIONS XXXV 405. University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Original General Plan and View. Thomas Jefferson, architect. Photograph courtesy Professor Ed- mund Campbell 627 406. Order and Disorder in Campus Plans: Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, Air View; photograph Barnes Aerial Surveys, courtesy Washington University, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, Plan 630 407. Formal Classicism in Campus Plans: Columbia University, New York, General Plan circa 1910; McKim, Mead & White, architects. Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, Virginia; Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson, architects 631 408. Formality in Campus Plans: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Parker, Thomas & Rice, architects; redrawn from C. Z. Klauder and H. C. Wise, College Architecture in America . . . (New York: Scribner's, 1929). Colby College, Waterville, Maine 633 409. Ordered Campus Plans on Varied Topography: Bennington College, Bennington, Vermont. Denison University, Granville, Ohio; A. W. Brunner, architect; Frederick Law Olmsted, landscape architect 634 410. Urban Campus Plan, Scripps College, Claremont, California. Gordon B. Kaufmann, architect; Edward R. Trout, landscape architect 635 411. Goucher College, Baltimore, Maryland. Detail of the Academic Group and General Plot Plan. Moore & Hutchins, architects. From the winning competition drawings 636 412. Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa. General Plan. Saarinen, Saarinen & Associates, architects. Courtesy Eero Saarinen 637 413. University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida. General Plan. Robert Law Weed, Marion I. Manley, Robert M. Little, architects. Courtesy Robert Law Weed 637 414. A Metropolitan College: Hunter College, New York. Exterior View and Interior of the Little Theater. Shreve, Lamb, & Harmon, architects; Harrison & Fouilhoux, associated architects. Photographs Rob- ert Damora 638 415. Library, University of Iowa, Iowa City. Plans. Keffer & Jones, architects. Courtesy University of Iowa 640 416. Holland Library, State College of Washington, Pullman. Interior Sketches. John W. Maloney, architect. From Architectural Record 641 417. Charles Hayden Memorial Library, Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Plans and Part Section. Voorhees, Walker, Folev & Smith, architects 643 418. Charles Hayden Memorial Library, Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Exterior. Voorhees, Walker, Foley & Smith, architects. Photograph Drix Duryea, courtesy Voorhees, Walker. Folev & Smith 644 XXXVI ILLUSTRATIONS 419. Library, Goucher College, Baltimore, Maryland. Plans. Moore & Hutchins, architects. Courtesy Moore & Hutchins 645 420. Library, Goucher College, Baltimore, Maryland. Exterior Perspective. Moore & Hutchins, architects. Courtesy Moore & Hutchins 646 421. Building for Science and Pharmacy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa. Wall Section and Typical Classrooms. Saarinen, Swanson & Saari- nen, architects; Brooks-Borg, associated architects. From Architectural Record 647 422. Classroom Building, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida. Two Exterior Views. Robert Law Weed, Marion I. Manlev, Robert M. Lit- tle, architects. Photographs Ezra Stoller—Pictorial Services 648 423. National School of Engineering, Lima, Peru. Proposed General Plan. Moore & Hutchins, architects. From Architectural Record 650 424. Engineering School, University of Maryland, College Park. General Plan. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, architects. From Architectural Record 651 425. Typical Dormitory Arrangements. From Harold R. Sleeper, "Univer- sity Housing Problems" in Architectural Forum, Vol. $4 (1931), June, pp. 761-70 653 426. Typical Dormitory Plans: Worth Hall, Swarthmore College, Swarth- more, Pennsylvania; Karcher & Smith, architects. Eleanor Toll Hall, Scripps College, Claremont, California; Gordon B. Kaufman, architect. From Architectural Forum 654 427. Mary Fisher Hall, Goucher College, Baltimore, Maryland. Plan. Moore & Hutchins, architects. Courtesy Moore & Hutchins 655 428. Mary Fisher Hall, Goucher College, Baltimore, Maryland. Exterior De- tail and View in Dining Hall. Moore 8c Hutchins, architects. Photo- graphs Gottscho-Schleisner 656 429. Women's Dormitories, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa. Plan and Perspective. Saarinen, Saarinen & Associates, architects. Courtesy Eero Saarinen 657 430. Modern Dormitories for Southern and for Northern Climates: Dormi- tory, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; Robert Law Weed, Marion I. Manley, Robert M. Little, architects; photograph Ezra Stol- ler—Pictorial Services. Women's Dormitory, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio; Saarinen, Swanson & Associates and Max G. Mercer, associated architects; photograph Dearborn-Massar 658 431. Kitchen and Dining Halls, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jer- sey. General Plan and Kitchen Plan. Day Brothers & Klauder, architects 660 432. Details of Kitchen Arrangement, Goucher College, Baltimore, Mary- land. Moore & Hutchins, architects. Courtesy Moore & Hutchins 661 ILLUSTRATIONS XXXVII 433. Memorial Church, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Plan. Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch & Abbott, architects. Courtesy Moore & Hutchins 663 434. Memorial Union Building, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana. Plans. Pond & Pond, and Pond, Martin & Lloyd, architects. Courtesy Purdue University 664 435. Students' Union Building, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida. Plans. Robert Law Weed, Marion 1. Manley, Richard M. Little, architects 66 ï 436. Students' Union Building, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida. Three Views. Robert Law Weed, AÎarion I. Manley, Robert M. Little, architects. Photographs Ezra Stoller—Pictorial Services 666 437. Two Roman Libraries: Ephesus, Plan and Perspective; from drawings by W. Wilberg, in Jahreshefte des österreichischen Institutes, Vol. XI. Timgad, Plan; from E. Boeswillwald, R. Cagnat, and A. Ballu, Timgad, une cité africaine (Paris: Leroux, 1905) 676 438. Plans of Two Early English College Libraries: Queen's College, Cam- bridge. Merton College, Oxford. From John Willis Clark, The Care of Books . . . (Cambridge, Eng.: University Press, 1901) 677 439. Interiors of Two Early English College Libraries: Bodleian Library, Oxford. Merton College Library, Oxford. From John Willis Clark, The Care of Books ... 678 440. Interior of the University Library, Leyden, the Netherlands. From John Willis Clark, The Care of Books . . . 679 441. Prunksaal of the Hofbibliothek, Vienna. Johann Fischer von Erlach, architect. Courtesy School of Architecture, Columbia University 680 442. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Part Plan. Henri Labrouste, architect. From J. Guadet, Éléments et théorie ... 681 443. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Reading Room and Stack. Henri La- brouste, architect. Reading room courtesy Ware Library; stack from J. Guadet, Éléments et théorie ... 682 444. Public Library, Cincinnati, Ohio. Plan. James W. McLaughlin, architect. Courtesy Cincinnati Public Library 683 445. Public Library, Cincinnati, Ohio. Interior. James W. McLaughlin, architect. Courtesy Cincinnati Public Library 684 446. Redwood Library, Newport, Rhode Island. Exterior and Detail. Peter Harrison, architect. Photographs Talbot Hamlin 685 447. Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts. Exterior and Stair Hall. McKim, Mead & White, architects. Exterior courtesy Avery Library; stair hall from A Monograph of the Work of McKim, Mead & White, 1879- 1915 686 448. Public Library, New York. First- and Third-Floor Plans. Carrère & Hastings, architects. Courtesy New York Public Library 688 XXXVU1 ILLUSTRATIONS 449. Public Library, New York. Rear, Showing Stacks and Reading Room. Carrère & Hasrings, architects. Photograph Ewing Gallowav 689 450. Public Library, Springfield, Massachusetts. Plan. Edward L. Tilton, architect 690 451. Public Library, Springfield, Massachusetts. Exterior. Edward L. Tilton, architect. Courtesy Springfield Public Library 690 452. Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore, Maryland. Main-Floor Plan and Section. Clyde and Nelson Friz, architects; Edward L. Tilton and Al- fred M. Githens, associate and consulting architects. From Library Journal 691 453. Institute Free Library, Wilmington, Delaware. Façade. Edward L. Til- ton and Alfred M. Githens, associated architects. Courtesy Alfred M. Githens 692 454. Haish Memorial Library, DeKalb, Illinois. Plans. White & Weber, architects. From Architectural Forum 698 455. Haish Memorial Library, DeKalb, Illinois. Exterior. White & Weber, architects. Photograph Hedrich-Blessing 698 456. Public Library, Brooklyn, New York. Entrance. Alfred M. Githens and Francis Keally, architects. Photograph Gottscho-Schleisner 700 457. Public Library, Brooklyn, New York. Delivery Hall (with Catalogue), Reading Room, and Browsing Room. Alfred M. Githens and Francis Keally, architects. Photographs Gottscho-Schleisner 701 458. Additions to Harlem Branch Library, New York. Plans. Louis Allen Abramson, architect * 702 459. Additions to Harlem Branch Library, New York. Exterior and View in Reading Room. Louis Allen Abramson, architect. Photographs Dearborn-Massar 703 460. Lakeview Branch, Chicago Public Library, Illinois. Plans. Paul Ger- hardt, Jr., architect. From Architectural Forum 704 461. Lakeview Branch, Chicago Public Library, Illinois. Exterior. Paul Ger- hardt, Jr., architect. Photograph Hedrich-Blessing 705 462. Holland Library, State College of Washington, Pullman. Plans. John W. Maloney, architect 706 463. Holland Library, State College of Washington, Pullman. Exterior. John W. Maloney, architect. From Architectural Record 707 464. Carroll College Library, Waukesha, Wisconsin. Plan. Van der Gracht & Kilham, architects 708 465. Carroll College Library, Waukesha, Wisconsin. Exterior. Van der Gracht & Kilham, architects. Photograph Hedrich-Blessing 709 466. Carroll College Library, Waukesha, Wisconsin. Delivery Desk and Reading Room. Van der Gracht & Kilham, architects. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing 709 ILLUSTRATIONS xxxix 467. Lamont Undergraduate Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Three Plans and Section. Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch & Abbott, architects. From Architectural Record 712 468. Lamont Undergraduate Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Exterior Perspective. Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch & Abbott, architects. From American School and University 71 j 469. Louvre, Paris. Grande Galerie. "The Marriage Procession of Napoleon and Marie-Louise," drawing by Zix. From Louis Hautecoeur, Histoire du Louvre . . . (Paris: L'Illustration [1928?]) 717 470. Louvre, Paris. Grande Galerie and Sculpture Museum prior to 1920. Courtesy Ware Library 717 471. Altes Museum, Berlin. Plans. Karl Friedrich Schinkel, architect. From Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Sammlung architektonischer Entwürfe . . . (Berlin: Ernst & Korn, 1858) 719 472. Altes Museum, Berlin. Exterior. Karl Friedrich Schinkel, architect. Courtesy Ware Library 720 473. Neues Museum and Pergamon Museum, Berlin. August Stüler, architect. Courtesy Ware Library 721 474. An Art Nouveau or Jugendstil Museum, the Secessionsgebäude, Vienna. Josef M. Olbrich, architect. Courtesy Ware Library 722 475. Museum of Modern Art, New York. Three Plans. Philip Goodwin and Edward D. Stone, architects. From Architectural Forum 725 476. Museum of Modern Art, New York. Exteriors. Philip Goodwin and Edward D. Stone, architects. Photographs Robert Uamora 726 477. Museum of Modern Art, New York. A Typical Gallery View. Philip Goodwin and Edward D. Stone, architects. Photograph Robert Damora 727 478. Various Methods of Subdividing Museum Galleries. From Clarence Stein, "Making Museums Function," in Architectural Forum, Vol. 56 (1932), June, pp. 609-16 728 479. Art Museum, Hamburg, Germany. Gallery Interiors Show ing Picture Screens. Karl Schneider, architect. From Encyclopédie d'architecture . . . constructions modernes (Paris: Morancé, n.d.) 729 480. Avery Memorial Museum, Hartford, Connecticut. Interior of Nutting Gallery. Morris & O'Connor, architects. Courtesy Robert O'Connor 730 481. Typical Methods of Lighting Museum Galleries: From Isadore Rosen- field, "Light in Museum Planning," in Architectural Forum, Vol. 56 (1932), June, pp. 519-609. Gemeente Museum, The Hague, the Neth- erlands, Section through a Gallery; H. P. Berlage, architect; from Gemeente-Museum 'j Gravenhage ([The Hague: Gemeente Museum] '935) 73' 482. New-York Historical Society, New York. Top-Floor Gallery and Print Room. Walker & Gillette, architects. Courtesy New-York Historical Society 732 xl ILLUSTRATIONS 483. Cranbrook Academy of Art, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. Museum Inte- rior. Eliel and Eero Saarinen, architects. Photograph Hedrich-Blessing, courtesy Cranbrook Academy of Art 733 484. Experimentally Lighted Galleries at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Metropolitan Museum Gallery Lighting Study, Laurence S. Harrison, Consulting Engineer. Courtesy Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 734 485. A Typical Method of Lighting Habitat Groups in Natural History Museums 735 486. Fogg Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Plans. Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch & Abbott, architects. Courtesy Fogg Mu- seum 736 487. Fogg Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Study- Storage Room with Sliding Picture Racks. Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch & Abbott, architects. Courtesy Fogg Museum 737 488. Diagram of Museum Functions 738 489. Suggested Plans for a Large Museum. Clarence Stein, architect. From Clarence Stein, "The Art Museum of Tomorrow," in Architectural Record, Vol. 67, No. 1 (January, 1930), pp. 5-12 742 490. Boymans Museum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Plans. A. Van der Steur, architect. From Wasmuths Monatshefte für Baukunst und Städtebau 743 491. Art Museum, Seattle, Washington. Plans and Elevation. Bebb 8c Gould, architects. From American Architect 744 492. Scheme for an Expandable Museum. Le Corbusier, architect. From Le Corbusier, oeuvre complète 1938-46, edited by Willy Boesiger (Erlen- bach-Zurich: Les Éditions d'Architecture [C1946]) 745 493. Parliament Building, Vienna, Exterior. Theophilus Hansen, architect. Courtesy Ware Library 758 494. United States Capitol, Washington. View from the East. Thornton, La- trobe, Bulfinch, and Walter, architects. Courtesy Avery Libran 759 495. Plans of Three Early American State Capitols: Jackson, Mississippi; Morrison, Lawrence, and Nichols, architects; from American Archi- tect. Columbus, Ohio; Henry Walters and others, architects. Nashville, Tennessee; William Strickland, architect; from Talbot Hamlin, Greek Revival Architecture in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1944) 760 496. North Carolina State Capitol, Raleigh. Exterior and Interior. Town & Davis and David Paton, architects. Photographs Frances Benjamin John- ston 761 497. Ohio State Capitol, Columbus. Exterior. Henry Walters and others, architects. Courtesy John Mead Howells and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 762 ILLUSTRATIONS xli 498. Nebraska State Capitol, Lincoln. Plan and Section. B. G. Goodhue, architect. From American Architect 763 499. Nebraska State Capitol, Lincoln. Exterior and Entrance Hall. B. G. Goodhue, architect. Photographs Gottscho-Schleisner 764 500. Louisiana State Capitol, Baton Rouge. Three Plans. Weiss, Dreyfous & Seiferth, architects 765 501. Louisiana State Capitol, Baton Rouge. Exterior View and Detail of En- trance. Weiss, Dreyfous & Seiferth, architects. Photographs Gottscho- Schleisner 766 502. North Dakota State Capitol, Bismarck. Two Plans. Joseph Bell De Remer, William F. Kurke, Holabird & Root, associated architects 767 503. North Dakota State Capitol, Bismarck. Exterior and an Interior. Joseph Bell De Remer, William F. Kurke, Holabird & Root, associated architects. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing 768 504. Oregon State Capitol, Salem. Three Plans. Trowbridge & Livingston and Francis Keally, architects 769 505. Oregon State Capitol, Salem. Two Exteriors and an Interior. Trow- bridge & Livingston and Francis Keally, architects. Photographs Esther Born, courtesy Francis Keally 770 506. West Virginia State Capitol, Charleston. Exterior. Cass Gilbert, architect. Photograph Ewing Galloway 771 507. Chambre des Députés and Adjuncts, Paris. Plan of the Alterations of 1831. M. de Joli, architect. From Gourlier, Biét, Grillon, and Feu Tar- dieu, Choix d'édifices publics (Paris: Colas, 1825-36) 771 508. Legislature Chambers; Comparative Interiors: Senate Chamber, Luxem- bourg Palace, Paris; courtesy Ware Library. Senate Chamber, National Capitol, Washington; photograph Ewing Galloway. Hall of Represent- atives, Connecticut State Capitol, Hartford; Richard M. Upjohn, architect; courtesy Ware Library. House of Commons, London; photograph Ewing Galloway. Senate Chamber, North Dakota State Capitol, Bis- marck; Joseph Bell De Remer, William F. Kurke, Holabird & Root, associated architects; photograph Hedrich-Blessing 772 509. Scheme for Palace of the League of Nations. General Plan; courtesy Museum of Modern Art, New York. Elevation; from Architecture vi- vante. Le Corbusier & Jeanneret, architects , 773 510. Scheme for Palace of the League of Nations. Façade of Secretariat, Pro- visions for Parking, and Covered Entrance Way to Great Hall. Le Corbusier & Jeanneret, architects. Façade of Secretariat courtesy Mu- seum of Modern Art, New York; others from Le Corbusier Une Maison —un palais (Paris: Crès 1929) 774 511. United Nations Headquarters, New York. Views of Model and Sketch of Delegates' Entrance to Assembly Building. G. A. Soilleux, G. Brun- faut, O. Niemeyer, E. Cormier, Liang Ssu Ch'eng, Le Corbusier, xlii ILLUSTRATIONS N. D. Bassov, H. Robertson, J. Vilamajo, Board of Design; United Na- tions Headquarters Planning Office (Wallace K. Harrison, Director; Max Abramovitz, Deputy), architects; Louis Skidmore, Gilmore Clarke, Ralph Walker, consultants. Courtesy United Nations Headquarters Planning Office 775 512. United Nations Headquarters, New York. Section and Plan of Assem- bly Building and View of Revised Model. G. A. Soilleux, G. Brunfaut, O. Niemeyer, E. Cormier, Liang Ssu Ch'eng, Le Corbusier, N. D. Bas- sov, H. Robertson, J. Vilamajo, Board of Design; United Nations Headquarters Planning Office (Wallace K. Harrison, Director; Max Abramovitz, Deputy), architects; Louis Skidmore, Gilmore Clarke, Ralph Walker, consultants. Plan and Section from Architectural Forum; photograph Ben Schnall 776 513. United Nations Headquarters, New York. View of the Secretariat and Three Plans of the Commissions Building. G. A. Soilleux, G. Brunfaut, O. Niemeyer, E. Cormier, Liang Ssu Ch'eng, Le Corbusier, N. D. Bas- sov, H. Robertson, J. Vilamajo, Board of Design; United Nations Headquarters Planning Office (Wallace K. Harrison, Director; Max Abramovitz, Deputy), architects; Louis Skidmore, Gilmore Clarke, Ralph Walker, consultants. Photograph courtesy United Nations Head- quarters Planning Office 778, 779 514. Forum, Pompeii, Italy. Plan 783 515. Three Medieval City Halls; Plans: St. Antonin, France; from E. E. Viollet-Ie-Duc, Dictionnaire raisonné de F architecture française du XIe au XVIe siècle . . . (Paris: Bance and Morel, 1854-68). Breslau, East Prussia, 1350-1500; from Karl Gruber, Das deutsche Rathaus (Mu- nich: Bruckmann [C1943]). Tangermünde, East Prussia; from F. Blunt- schli, "Stadt und Rathäuser," Handbuch der Architektur, Part IV, See. IX, Vol. II, 2nd ed. (Stuttgart: Kröner, 1907) 784 516. Medieval City Halls: Lindau im Breisgau, Germany. Market Hall, Shrewsbury, England. Entrance Detail; Arras, France. Louvain, Bel- gium. Courtesy Ware Library 786 517. European City Halls: Exteriors from Brussels, Bruges, and Antwerp, in Belgium, and from Beauv^is, France. Salle des Fêtes, Hôtel de Ville, Paris. Courtesy Ware Library 788, 789 518. Old City Hall (now the New Bedford Public Library), New Bedford, Massachusetts. Exterior. Russell Warren, architect. Courtesy New Bed- ford Public Library 790 519. City Hall, New Orleans. Exterior. James Gallier, Sr., architect. Photo- graph Richard Koch 790 520. City Hall, New York. Competition Elevation and Plan. Mangin & Mc- Comb, architects; signed John McComb, Jr. Courtesy New-York His- torical Society, New York City 791 ILLUSTRATIONS xliii 21. City Hall, New York. Exterior. John McComb, Jr., architect. Pendle- ton drawing, courtesy Museum of the City of New York 792 22. City Hall, New York. Council Chamber. John McComb, Jr., architect. Courtesy Avery Library 792 23. Bryan Memorial Town Hall, Washington, Connecticut. Plans. Cam- eron Clark, architect 795 24. Bryan Memorial Town Hall, Washington, Connecticut. Two Exte- riors. Cameron Clark, architect. Courtesy Cameron Clark 796 25. Hôtel de Ville, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. Entrance- and Main- Floor Plans. Tony Gamier and J. Debat-Ponsan, architects. Redrawn from Architecte 798 26. Hôtel de Ville, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. Exterior and Interior Views. Tony Garnier and J. Debat-Ponsan, architects. From Architecte 799 27. Hornsey Town Hall, England. Two Plans. R. H. Uren, architect. From Architectes Journal 800 28. Hornsey Town Hall, England. Exterior. R. H. Uren, architect. From Architect's Journal 801 29. Hilversum Town Hall, the Netherlands. Two Plans. W. M. Dudok, architect 802 30. Hilversum Town Hall, the Netherlands. Exterior and Reception Hall. W. M. Dudok, architect. Exterior courtesy Netherlands Information Bureau; reception hall from Wendingen 803 31. City Hall, Los Angeles, California. Three Plans. John C. Austin, John Parkinson, and Albert C. Martin, associated architects 804 32. City Hall, Los Angeles, California. General View. John C. Austin, John Parkinson, and Albert C. Martin, associated architects. Photograph Ewing Galloway 805 33. City Hall, Fresno, California. Two Plans. Franklin & Kump and Asso- ciates, architects 806 34. City Hall, Fresno, California. Three Exteriors. Franklin & Kump and Associates, architects. Photographs Roger Sturtevant 807 35. City Hall, Fresno, California. Upper Landing and Council Chamber. Franklin & Kump and Associates, architects. Photographs Roger Sturte- vant 808 36. City Hall, Fresno, California. Council Chamber and Corridor. Franklin & Kump and Associates, architects. Photographs Roger Sturtevant 809 37. City Hall, Fresno, California. Details of Entrance and of Hallway. Franklin & Kump and Associates, architects. Photographs Roger Sturte- vant 810 538. Two French Courthouses: Palais de Justice, Rouen, Plan. Palais de Jus- tice, Paris, Part Plan; Louis Joseph Due and Ernst Georges Coquart, architects. Redrawn from Guadet, Éléments et théorie ... 815 xliv ILLUSTRATIONS 539. Courthouse, Chester, Pennsylvania. Two Plans. From White Pine Series . . . Vol. XVI, No. 6, courtesy Russell F. Whitehead 816 540. Courthouse, Chester, Pennsylvania. Exterior View and Interior of a Courtroom. From White Pine Series . . . Vol. XVI, No. 6, courtesy Russell F. Whitehead 817 541. Courthouse, Lenox, Massachusetts. Exterior. Isaac Damon, architect. From White Pine Series . . . Vol. XVI, No. 6, courtesy Russell F. Whitehead 818 542. New York County Courthouse (Supreme Court), New York. Win- ning Competition Plan. Guy Lowell, architect. From Competition for the New York Courthouse MCMXIll, edited bv authority of the Court House Board (New York: Architectural Book Pub. Co., 1913) 819 543. New York County Courthouse (Supreme Court), New York. Exterior. Guy Lowell, architect. Photograph Ewing Galloway 819 544. Brooklyn Courthouse, New York. First-Floor Plan. Slee & Bryson, architects. From C. W. Short and R. Stanley-Brown, Public Buildings, a Survey of Architecture of Projects Constructed by Federal and Other Governmental Bodies . . . (Washington: Government Printing Of- fice, 1939) 820 545. Tennessee Supreme Court, Nashville. First-Floor Plan. Emmons H. Woolwin, architect; Frederick C. Hirons, associate. From C. W. Short and R. Stanley-Brown, Public Buildings ... 821 546. Racine County Courthouse, Racine, Wisconsin. Five Plans. Holabird & Root, architects 822 547. Racine County Courthouse, Racine, Wisconsin. Exterior View and Interior of a Courtroom. Holabird & Root, architects. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing 823 548. Hartford County Courthouse, Hartford, Connecticut. Three Plans. Paul P. Cret, architect; Smith & Bassette, associate architects 824 549. Hartford County Courthouse, Hartford, Connecticut. Exterior. Paul P. Cret, architect; Smith & Bassette, associate architects. Photograph Si- gurd Fischer 825 550. Ramsey County Courthouse and St. Paul City Hall, St. Paul, Minnesota. Two Plans. Holabird & Root, architects 826 551. Ramsey County Courthouse and St. Paul City Hall, St. Paul, Minnesota. Exterior View and Interior of a Courtroom. Holabird & Root, architects. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing 827 552. United States Court and Post Office Building, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania. Plan and Section. The Ballinger Company and Harry Sternfeld, architects. From Progressive Architecture 828 553. United States Court and Post Office Building, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania. Elevation and Plan of a Judge's Bench. The Ballinger Company and Harry Sternfeld, architects. From Progressive Architecture 829 ILLUSTRATIONS xlv

554. Dauphin County Courthouse, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Four Plans. Lawrie & Green, architects 830 555. Dauphin County Courthouse, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. View of Ex- terior and of Pool. Lawrie & Green, architects. Photographs Sigurd Fischer 831 556. Dauphin County Courthouse, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Lobby, Law Library, and Judge's Office. Lawrie & Green, architects. Photographs Sigurd Fischer 832 557. Dauphin County Courthouse, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Two Court- room Interiors. Lawrie & Green, architects. Photographs Sigurd Fischer 834 558. Delaware County Courthouse, Media, Pennsylvania. Three Plans. Clar- ence W. Brazer, architect 835 559. Delaware County Courthouse, Media, Pennsylvania. Interior of Court- room. Clarence W. Brazer, architect. Courtesy Clarence W. Brazer 835 560. Criminal Courts Building, New York. Three Plans and Section. Harvey W. Corbett and Charles B. Meyers, architects 839 561. Criminal Courts Building, New York City. Exterior View and Interior of a Courtroom. Harvey W. Corbett and Charles B. Meyers, architects. Exterior photograph Ewing Galloway; interior photograph Sigurd Fischer 840 562. Monterey Courthouse, Salinas, California. Four Plans. Robert Stanton, architect 842, 843 563. Monterey Courthouse, Salinas, California. Two Exteriors. Robert Stan- ton, architect. Photographs Maynard L. Parker 844 564. Suffolk County Courthouse Addition, Boston, Massachusetts. Two Plans. Desmond & Lord, architects 847 565. Suffolk County Courthouse Addition, Boston, Massachusetts. Exterior. Desmond & Lord, architects. Photograph Clarke & Marks 847 566. Prison at Ghent, Belgium. Plan. M. Verlain, architect. From Alfred Hopkins, Prisons and Prison Building (New York: Architectural Book Pub. Co., 1930) 853 567. Eastern State Penitentiary, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Plan. John Havi- land, architect. From M. Demetz, Rapports . . . sur les penitenciers des États-Unis (Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1837) 855 568. Eastern State Penitentiary, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Exterior. John Haviland, architect. From John Howard Hinton, The History and Topography of the United States . . . (Boston: Walker, 1844) 856 569. Old South Cell Hall, Auburn Prison, Auburn, New York. Interior. Courtesy American Prison Association 857 570. Federal Penitentiary, Terre Haute, Indiana. Interior of Cell Wing. Al- fred Hopkins & Associates, architects. Courtesy Alfred Hopkins & As- sociates 857 571. Prison at Fresnes. Perspective. F.-H. Poussin, architect. From Alfred Hopkins. Prisons and Prison Building 858 xlvi ILLUSTRATIONS

572. Federal Penitentiary, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. Library Interior. Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates, architects. Courtesy Alfred Hopkins & Associates 859 573. United States Disciplinary Barracks, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Prison Hospital Plans. Alfred Hopkins & Associates, architects 861 574. Proposed Maximum-Security Prison. Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates, architects. Courtesy Alfred Hopkins & Associates 866 575. Combined Maximum-Medium-Security Institution, United States Dis- ciplinary Barracks, Lompoc, California. Plan and Perspective. Alfred Hopkins & Associates, architects. Courtesy Alfred Hopkins 8c Asso- ciates ' 868, 869 576. United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, Indiana. Perspective. Alfred Hopkins & Associates, architects. Courtesy Alfred Hopkins 8c Asso- ciates 870 577. Federal Detention Institution, Danbury, Connecticut. Perspective and Self-enclosing Plan. Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates, architects. Cour- tesy United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons 871 578. Medium-Minimum-Security Institution, Southampton Penitentiary Farm, Capron, Virginia. Plan. Carneal 8c Johnston, architects; Alfred Hopkins & Associates, consulting architects. Courtesv Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates 872 579. Southampton Penitentiary Farm, Capron, Virginia. Perspective. Carneal 8c Johnston, architects; Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates, consulting architects. Courtesy Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates 872 580. Proposed Minimum-Security Cottage-Type Institution, Pennsylvania Industrial School. Plan. Prack 8c Prack, architects; Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates, consulting architects. Courtesy Alfred Hopkins 8c Asso- ciates 873 581. Pennsylvania Industrial School. Perspective. Prack 8c Prack, architects; Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates, consulting architects. Courtesy Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates 874 582. Temporary Minimum-Security Camp, Federal Prison Camp, Mill Point, West Virginia. Plot Plan. Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates, architects. Courtesy United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons 87 s 583. Federal Prison Camp, Mill Point, West Virginia. Perspective. Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates, architects. Courtesy United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons 875 584. Federal Penitentiary, Terre Haute, Indiana. Dining-Hall Interior. Al- fred Hopkins 8c Associates, architects. Courtesy Alfred Hopkins 8c As- sociates 876 585. Federal Penitentiary, Terre Haute, Indiana. Plan of Kitchen. Alfred Hopkins 8c Associates, architects. Courtesv Alfred Hopkins 8c Asso- ciates 877 ILLUSTRATIONS xlvii 586. Federal Penitentiary, Terre Haute, Indiana. Kitchen Interior. Alfred Hopkins & Associates, architects. Courtesy Alfred Hopkins & Asso- ciates 878 587. Roman Forum, Restored Governmental Buildings. Courtesy School of Architecture, Columbia University 880 588. Federal Loan Agency Building, Washington. Plan. A. R. Clas, architect; Holabird & Root, associate architects. From Architectural Forum 884 589. Federal Loan Agency Building, Washington. General View. A. R. Clas, architect; Holabird & Root, associate architects. Photograph Harris •& F.wing 884 590. Pentagon Building, Arlington, Virginia. Air View. G. E. Bergstrom and David J. Witmer, chief architects. Photograph Ewing Galloway 885 591. Pentagon Building, Arlington, Virginia. General View. G. E. Berg- strom and David J. Witmer, chief architects. Photograph Ewing Gal- loway 885 592. Ministry of Education and Health, Rio de Janeiro. Three Plans and a Section. Lucio Costa, Oscar Niemeyer, Alfredo Reidy, Carlos Leâo, and Jorge Moreira, architects 886 593. Ministry of Education and Health, Rio de Janeiro. Exterior. Lucio Costa, Oscar Niemeyer, Alfredo Reidy, Carlos Leäo, and Jorge Mo- reira, architects; photograph G. E. Kidder Smith, courtesy G. E. Kid- der Smith and Museum of Modern Art, New York 887 594. Federal Building, Los Angeles, California. Exterior. Gilbert Stanley Underwood, architect; Louis A. Simon, supervising architect. Courtesy Gilbert Stanley Underwood 887 59j. New York State Office Building, New York. Two Plans. W. E. Hau- gaard, architect 888 596. New York State Office Building, New York. Exterior. W. E. Hau- gaard, architect. Photograph Ewing Galloway 888 597. State Capitol Group, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Photograph of Model. William Gehron, architect. Photograph Louis H. Dreyer 889 598. Education Building, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Exterior, Ceiling, and Forum. William Gehron, architect. Courtesy William Gehron 890 599. Finance Building, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. First-Floor Plan. William Gehron, architect. From C. W. Short and R. Stanley-Brown, Public Buildings ... 891 600. Finance Building, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Revenue Collections Room, Treasurer's Office, Hearing Room, and Office of the Secretary of Rev- enue. William Gehron, architect. Photographs Sigurd Fischer 892 601. Capitol Park and Capitol Park Extension, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. General Plan. William Gehron, architect. Photograph Louis H. Dreyer 893 xlviii ILLUSTRATIONS 602. Municipal Building, Houston, Texas. Exterior View and Interior of Lobby. Joseph Finger, Inc., architects. Photographs Elwood M. Payne 894 603. Queens Borough Hall, Kew Gardens, New York. First- and Second- Floor Plans. William Gehron and A. J. Thomas, architects. From Architectural Record 895 604. Queens Borough Hall, Kew Gardens, New York. Front and Rear Ex- teriors. William Gehron and A. J. Thomas, architects. Photographs Si- gurd Fischer 896 605. Queens Borough Hall, Kew Gardens, New York. Lobby and Tax Room. William Gehron and A. J. Thomas, architects. Photographs Si- gurd Fischer 897 606. Suggested Plans for a Tax and License Bureau and for Building Depart- ments. William Gehron, architect 898 607. Suggested Plans for Offices of Department Heads and for a Quasi- Judicial Area. William Gehron, architect 899 608. Suggested Plans for Typical Office Space and File Rooms. William Gehron, architect 899 609. Suggested Plans for the Interior of a Vault and for the Truck Delivery Area. William Gehron, architect 900 610. Capitol Park, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Bird's-eye View. William Gehron, architect. Courtesy William Gehron 902 611. Civic Center, Detroit, Michigan. Photograph of Model. Saarinen, Swanson & Saarinen, architects. Photograph Hedrich-Blessing 904 612. Proposed State Office Building, Montgomery, Alabama. Perspective. Clyde C. Pearson, Farrow L. Tittle, Chris J. Sherlock, and Moreland Griffith Smith, architects; Edward D. Stone, consultant. Photograph Scott, DeMotte & Perry 905 613. Education Building, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Detail of Forum. Wil- liam Gehron, architect. Courtesy William Gehron 906 614. Post Office, Rampart, Alaska. Exterior. Courtesy United States Post Office Department 910 615. Plan of One-Man-Type Post Office. Courtesy United States Post Office Department 911 616. Perspective of One-Man-Type Post Office. Gilbert Stanley Under- wood, supervising architect. Courtesy United States Post Office De- partment 911 617. Multiple-Type Post Office. Plan. Gilbert Stanley Underwood, supervising architect. Courtesy United States Post Office Department 912 618. Sketch of Multiple-Tvpe Post Office. Gilbert Stanley Underwood, supervising architect. Courtesy United States Post Office Department 913 619. Los Angeles Post Office and Courthouse. Main-Floor Plan. Gilbert Stanley Underwood, architect; Louis A. Simon, supervising architect. Courtesy United States Post Office Department 914 ILLUSTRATIONS xlix 620. Los Angeles Federal Building (Post Office and Courthouse). Exterior. Gilbert Stanley Underwood, architect; Louis A. Simon, supervising architect. Courtesy United States Post Office Department 914 621. Old Post Office and Courthouse, Los Angeles, California. Exterior. James Knox Taylor, supervising architect. Courtesy United States Post Office Department 915 622. Postal Station in a Large City. Two Plans 918 623. New York Customs House. Main-Floor Plan. Cass Gilbert, architect; James Knox Taylor, supervising architect. Courtesy United States Treasury Department 924 624. New York Customs House. Exterior. Cass Gilbert, architect; James Knox Taylor, supervising architect. Courtesy United States Treasury Department 925 625. Appraisers Building, San Francisco, California. Main-Floor Plan. Gil- bert Stanley Underwood, architect; Louis A. Simon, supervising architect. Courtesy United States Treasury Department 926 626. Appraisers Building, San Francisco, California. Exterior. Gilbert Stan- ley Underwood, architect; Louis A. Simon, supervising architect. Cour- tesy United States Treasury Department 927 627. Customs House, Boston, Massachusetts. Exterior. Ammi B. Young and Peabody & Stearns, architects; James Knox Taylor, supervising architect. Courtesy United States Treasury Department 927 628. "Paul Bunyan Straightening Out the Round River," by Milton Horn, United States Post Office, Iron River, Michigan. Photograph Estelle Horn 928 629. Wall Paintings in the United States Post Office on East 23rd Street, New York. Lorimer Rich, architect; Kindred McLeary, painter. Photo- graph Robert Damora 929