Illustrations 1. House of the Early Classic Revival, Wickford, Rhode Island. Photo- graph Talbot Hamlin 10 2. A Victorian House Design. From G. B. Croff, Progressive American Architecture . (New York: Orange Judd Co., 1875) 11 3. An Open Victorian Plan. From A. W. Brunner (editor), Cottages or Hints on Economical Building . (New York: Comstock, 1884) 12 4. Part of Queens, New York. Courtesy Daily News 13 5. A Typical Cape Cod Cottage. From Architectural Forum 14 6. Summer Cottage, Beverly Farms, Massachusetts. H. H. Richardson, architect. Courtesy Ware Library 14 7. Bingham House, Santa Barbara, California. Bernard R. Maybeck, archi- tect. Courtesy Jean Murray Bangs 14 8. Bradley House, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Exterior and Living Room. Purcell & Elmslie, architects. Courtesy Progressive Architecture 15 9. Lloyd Lewis House, Libertyville, Illinois. Exterior and Interior of Living-Dining Room. Frank Lloyd Wright, architect. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing, courtesy Architectural Forum 16 10. Dymaxion House. Under Construction. Buckminster Fuller, designer. Life Photo by Coffey, courtesy Life 17 11. Primitive Round Houses: Eskimo Igloo, courtesy Smithsonian Institu- tion. Mongolian Yurt, courtesy American Museum of Natural History, New York 18 12. Savoye House, Poissy-sur-Seine, France. Three Plans. Le Corbusier, architect. From Le Corbusier et Pierre Jeanneret, oeuvre complète, 1925-1935 (Zurich: Girsberger, 1936) 20 13. Savoye House, Poissy-sur-Seine, France. Exterior and Living Room. Le Corbusier, architect. Courtesy Museum of Modern Art, New York 21 14. Howard Sloan House, near Chicago, Illinois. Plan. George Fred Keck, architect. From Pencil Points 21 15. Howard Sloan House, near Chicago, Illinois. Living Room with Con- ventional Windows and, as Built, with Glass Wall. George Fred Keck, architect. Photographs Hedrich-Blessing 22 X ILLUSTRATIONS 16. Tugendhat House, Brno, Czechoslovakia. Plans. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, architect. From H. R. Hitchcock, Jr., and Philip Johnson, The International Style (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1931) 23 17. Koch House, Belmont, Massachusetts. Office. Carl Koch, architect. Photograph Ezra Stoller—Pictorial Services 24 18. Row House Designed for the Ladies' Home Journal. Plans. Vernon De- Mars, architect. Courtesy Ladies' Home Journal 25 19. Row House Designed for the Ladies' Home Journal. Street and Garden Views. Vernon DeMars, architect. Courtesy Ladies' Home Journal 26 20. Experimental Bed. Plan, Section, and Elevations. Robert L. Davison and the Pierce Foundation, designers 30 21. Experimental Bed. Two Views. Robert L. Davison and the Pierce Foundation, designers. Courtesy the Pierce Foundation 31 22. Storagewall, Showing What It Can Hold. George Nelson and Henry Niccolls Wright, designers. Life Photo, courtesy George Nelson 35 23. Fairchild House, New York. Plaas. William Hambv and George Nel- son, architects 39 24. Fairchild House, New York. Exterior and Courtyard. William Hamby and George Nelson, architects. Photographs Robert Damora 40 25. Houses Harmoniously Related, Nantucket, Massachusetts. Photograph Talbot Hamlin 41 26. A Country House of the Very Wealthy: Biltmore, Asheville, North Carolina. Richard M. Hunt, architect. Courtesy Biltmore, Asheville, North Carolina 42 27. An In-Line House: Case Study House, Los Angeles, California. Plan. Julius R. Davidson, architect 43 28. An In-Line House: Case Study House, Los Angeles, California. Exte- rior. Julius R. Davidson, architect. Photograph Julius Shulman 44 29. International Similarities in the Modern House: From the David Lloyd George Estate, Churt, Surrey, England; Tecton & Chitty, architects; courtesy Architect and Building News. Lowe House, California; Wur- ster, Bernardi 8c Emmons, architects; photograph Roger Sturtevant 46 30. Similarities in the Modern House in Different Climates: House in To- ronto, Canada; Gordon Adamson, architect; photograph Rapid Grip and Batten. House in Southern California; Whitney R. Smith, architect; photograph Maynard L. Parker 47 31. Iroquois Longhouse. From a drawing bv Jesse Cornplanter. Courtesy American Museum of Natural History, New York $2 32. Pueblo at Walpi, Arizona. Photograph Ewing Gallowav 52 33. Casa dei Dipinti, an Upper-Class Ancient Roman Apartment House, Ostia, Italy. Plans and Restoration. Plans from Talbot Hamlin, Archi- tecture through the Ages (New York: Putnam's, 1940, 1944); restora- tion redrawn from Monumenti Antichi 53 ILLUSTRATIONS xi 34. Typical New York Tenement Plans. From James Ford, Slums and Housing in New York (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1936) 54 35. Characteristic Parisian Apartment from the Avenue du Bois de Bou- logne. Typical-Floor Plan. A. Arfvidson, architect 56 36. A Typical Paris Apartment House. Courtesy Ware Library 57 37. Two Specialized Apartment Houses: Studio Apartment House, Paris, View in a Typical Apartment and Exterior; Ginsberg & Heep, archi- tects; from Arcbitecte. Kollektivhus, Stockholm, Sweden, Exterior; Sven Markelius, architect; courtesy American Swedish News Exchange 58 38. Two Specialized Apartment Houses: Studio Apartment House, Paris, Typical-Floor Plan; Ginsberg & Heep, architects; redrawn from Arcbi- tecte. Kollektivhus, Stockholm, Sweden, Typical Plan; Sven Markelius, architect 59 39. Typical European Apartment Houses: Ribershus Apartments, Malmö, Sweden, Exterior and Typical Interior; E. S. Persson, architect; cour- tesy American Swedish News Exchange. Highpoint Apartments, High- gate, London; Lubetkin & Tecton, architects; courtesy Museum of Modern Art, New York 60 40. The Relationship between Density and Height. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses, in "Progressive Architecture Library" (New York: Reinhold [0947]) 6i 41. Typical Garden Apartment Plans: Parklane Apartments, Houston, Texas; Talbott Wilson and Irwin Morris, architects; Meyer & John- son, landscape designers; from Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses. Wyvernwood, Los Angeles, California; Wilmer & Watson, architects; Hammond Sandler, landscape architect; from Architectural Record 62 42. Typical Garden Apartment Exteriors: Prospect Point Gardens, Lake Lefferts, Matawan, New Jersey; F.mil G. Schmidlin, architect. Green Acres, Verona, New Jersey; Emil G. Schmidlin, architect. Photographs Gottscho-Schleisner, courtesy Milton L. Ehrlich. Apartments in Mont- gomery, Alabama, with Balcony Approach; Pearson & Tittle and Nar- rows & Hancock, associated architects; photographs Rodney McCav Morgan—Photolog 65 43. Duplex Apartments for the Los Angeles Region. Perspective and Plan. Gregory Ain, architect. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses 66 44. The Relation between Plan Form and Privacy. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses 68 45. Unit-Plan Analysis. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apart- ment Houses v 68 xii ILLUSTRATIONS 46. Four Unit Plans: Two from Highpoint Apartments, Highgatc, Lon- don; Lubetkin 8c Tecton, architects. One from Clinton Hill Apartments, Brooklyn, New York; Harrison, Fouilhoux & Abramovitz, architects. One from Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses 71 47. Three-, Four-, and Five-Room Apartments from Manhattan House, for the New York Life Insurance Company, New York. Mayer 8c Whit- tlesey and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, associated architects. Courtesy Mayer & Whittlesey and the New York Life Insurance Co. 73 48. Two New York Apartment House Plans: 240 Central Park South; Mayer 8c Whittlesey, architects. Castle Village Apartments; George Fred Pelham, Jr., architect. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses 74 49. Washington House, Washington. Typical-Floor Plan. Joseph H. Abel, architect. From Joseph H. Abel and Fred N. Severud, Apartment Houses 75 50. Embassy Court Apartments, Brighton, England. Ground-Floor and Typical-Floor Plans. Wells Coates, architect 77 51. Embassy Court Apartments, Brighton, England. Exterior. Wells Coates, architect. Courtesy Museum of Modern Art, New York 78 52. 240 Central Park South, New York. Exterior. Mayer & Whittlesey, architects. Photograph Richard Garrison 79 53. Manhattan House, for the New York Life Insurance Company, New York. Exterior and Detail. Mayer 8c Whittlesey and Skidmore, Owings 8c Merrill, associated architects. Courtesy Mayer 8c Whittlesey and the New York Life Insurance Co. 80 54. Eastgate, Faculty Apartment House for Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Photograph of the Model. W. H. Brown, R. W. Kennedy, Carl Koch, and William Davies, archi- tects; Vernon DeMars, consultant; G. N. Perry, structural engineer; C. A. Turner, mechanical engineer; G. I. Savage, electrical engineer. Courtesy Robert Woods Kennedy 80 55. Typical Apartment House Exteriors: 2100 Connecticut Avenue, Wash- ington; Berla 8c Abel, architects; photograph Rodney McCay Morgan— Photolog. On 16th Street, Washington; Joseph H. Abel, architect; photograph Leet Brothers 81 56. Typical Apartment House Lobbies: 40 Central Park South, New York; Mayer 8c Whittlesey, architects; photograph Richard Garrison. Washington House, Washington; Berla 8c Abel, architects; photograph Rodney McCay Morgan—Photolog. 2720 Wisconsin Avenue, Wash- ington; Berla 8c Abel, architects; photograph Rodney McCay Morgan —Photolog. 21st and I Streets, Washington; Berla 8c Abel, architects; photograph Rodney McCay Morgan—Photolog. 2121 Virginia Ave- nue, Washington; Joseph H. Abel, architect; photograph Horydczak 82, 83 ILLUSTRATIONS xui 57. Typical Roof Gardens: Two by Le Corbusier, from Andre Lur^at, Terrasses