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MATTHEW WITHIN

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SBL EARLY CHRISTIANITY AND ITS LITERATURE

Shelly Matthews, General Editor

Editorial Board: Jennifer A. Glancy Joseph A. Marchal Anders Runesson Janet Spittler Matthew Thiessen

Number 27

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SBL MATTHEW WITHIN JUDAISM

Israel and the Nations in the First Gospel

Edited by Anders Runesson and Daniel M. Gurtner

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SBL Atlanta

Copyright © 2020 by Society of Biblical Literature

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Hous- ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Runesson, Anders, editor. | Gurtner, Daniel M., editor. Title: Matthew within Judaism : and the Nations in the First Gospel / edited by Anders Runesson and Daniel M. Gurtner. Description: Atlanta : SBL Press, 2020. | Series: Early Christianity and its literature ; 27 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers:LCCN 2019059610 (print) | LCCN 2019059611 (ebook) | ISBN 9781628372779 (paperback) | ISBN 9780884144434 (hardback) | ISBN 9780884144441 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: . Matthew—Criticism, interpretation, etc. | Judaism—History— Post-exilic period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D. | Christianity and other religions—Judaism. | Judaism—Relations—Christianity. Classification: LCC BS2575.52 .M425 2020 (print) | LCC BS2575.52 (ebook) | DDC 226.2/06—dc23 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019059611 Press

SBL Contents

Preface...... ix Abbreviations...... xi

Introduction: The Location of the Matthew-within-Judaism Perspective in Past and Present Research Anders Runesson and Daniel M. Gurtner...... 1

Part 1: Institutions and Law

Matthew and the : Jesus as Legal Interpreter James G. Crossley...... 29

The Sermon on the Mount as Synagogue Teaching Jordan Ryan...... 53

Matthew and the Temple Akiva Cohen...... 75

Part 2: Ethnicity

Aspects of Matthean Universalism: Ethnic Identity as a Theological Tool in the First Gospel Anders Runesson...... Press 103 His Glorious Throne: Israel and the in Mission and Judgment in the Gospel of Matthew L. Turner...... 135

“Nations,” “Non-Jewish Nations,” or “Non-Jewish Individuals”: Matthew 28:19 Revisited Terence L.SBL Donaldson...... 169 vi Contents

Ethnic Identities in the Dead Sea Legal Papyri and Matthew: Reinterpreting Matthew 25:31–46 Philip F. Esler...... 195

Part 3: Jesus among Friends and Enemies

The Role of the Crowds in the Gospel of Matthew Matthias Konradt...... 213

Whose King Is He Anyway? What Herod Tells Us about Matthew Wayne Baxter...... 233

The Function of Teaching Authority in the Dead Sea Documents and Matthew’s Gospel Loren T. Stuckenbruck...... 257

Part 4: Purity and Eschatology

Moral Impurity in the Gospel of Matthew Cecilia Wassén...... 285

Danielic Influence at the Intersection of Matthew and the Daniel M. Gurtner...... 309

Life after Death? The Question of Immediate Life after Death in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in the Gospel of Matthew David C. Sim...... 329

The of the Saints as a Prolepsis of the Resurrection of Jesus: A Reassessment of Matthew’s Portrayal of the Risen Jesus Lidija Novakovic...... Press 347 Part 5: Jewish and Reception

The Problem of Christian Anti-Semitism and a Sectarian Reading of the Gospel of Matthew: The Trial of Jesus John Kampen...... 371 SBL Contents vii

Israel and the Nations in the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies and Recognitions 1.27–71: Receptions of the Gospel of Matthew Karin Hedner Zetterholm...... 399

Merit and Anti-Judaism in Matthew’s Parables since Jülicher Nathan Eubank...... 427

Concluding Reflections: What’s Next in the Study of Matthew? Amy-Jill Levine...... 449

Bibliography...... 467 Contributors...... 519 Ancient Sources Index...... 525 Modern Authors Index...... 567

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SBL Press

SBL Preface

To the readers of this volume it will soon become evident that it originated in a session held by the Society of Biblical Literature’s Matthew Section (San Antonio, 2016) and continued the year after (Boston, 2017). The development of the book was greatly enhanced by the stimulating dia- logue generated in those settings. We are very grateful to the participants in those sessions and to the other scholars represented in this volume for enthusiastically endorsing the project and contributing excellent and thought-provoking papers. What may be less obvious is the influence of important scholars behind the scenes whose input made the volume much better than it otherwise would have been. Amy-Jill Levine not only furnished a stimulating conclusion to the book but also provided impor- tant guidance at some pivotal points. David Horrell, then general editor of the Early Christianity and Its Literature (ECL) series, accepted the volume for the series and provided helpful guidance in the initial stages of the process. Shelly Matthews, now the general editor of the series, read the entire manuscript in detail, correcting a number of errors and lending her expertise to improving the volume in a number of respects. The editors are grateful to these scholars as well as the steering committee and partici- pants in the Society of Biblical Literature’s Matthew section, with whom we have worked over several years. Finally, we are grateful to Nicole Til- ford for her leadership as the manuscript was turned into a book. PressAnders Runesson Daniel M. Gurtner August 2019

SBL-ix - Press

SBL Abbreviations

Primary Sources

1 Clem. 1 Clement 1 En. 1 Enoch 1Q14 Micah 1Q15 Pesher Zephaniah 1Q16 Pesher 1Q20 1Q71 Daniela 1Q72 Danielb 1QHa Hodayota or Thanksgiving Hymnsa 1QM Milḥamah or War Scroll 1QpHab Pesher 1QS Serek Hayaḥad or Rule of the Community 2 Bar. 2 Baruch 2 Clem. 2 Clement 2 En. 2 Enoch 4Q14 Exodusc 4Q112 Daniela 4Q113 Danielb 4Q114 Danielc 4Q115 Danield 4Q116 Daniele Press 4Q156 Leviticus 4Q161 Pesher Isaiaha 4Q162 Pesher Isaiahb 4Q163 Papyrus Pesher Isaiahc 4Q164 Pesher Isaiahd 4Q165 Pesher Isaiahe Pesher Hoseaa

SBL-xi - xii Abbreviations

4Q167 Pesher Hoseab 4Q169 Pesher Nahum 4Q170 Pesher Zephaniah 4Q171 Pesher Psalmsa 4Q172 Pesher unidentified 4Q173 Pesher Psalmsb 4Q174 Florilegium Testimonia 4Q177 Catena A 4Q180 Ages of Creation A 4Q181 Ages of Creation B 4Q184 Wiles of the Wicked Woman 4Q202 Aramaic Enochb 4Q203 Aramaic Enoch, Giantsa 4Q213 Aramaic Levi Documenta 4Q242 Aramaic Prayer of Nabodinus 4Q243 Aramaic Pseudo-Daniela 4Q244 Aramaic Pseudo-Danielb 4Q245 Aramaic Pseudo-Danielc Aramaic Daniel Apocryphon 4Q248 Historical Text A 4Q252 Commentary on Genesis A 4Q253 Commentary on Genesis B 4Q254 Commentary on Genesis C 4Q254a Commentary on Genesis D 4Q258 Serek Hayaḥadd (Manual of Discipline) 4Q259 Serek Hayaḥade (Manual of Discipline) 4Q265 Miscellaneous Rules 4Q266 Damascus Documenta 4Q267 Damascus Documentb 4Q269 Damascus Documentd 4Q272 Damascus DocumentPressg 4Q273 Papyrus Damascus Documenth 4Q289 Berakhotd 4Q300 Mysteriesb 4Q382 Papyrus Paraphase of Kings et al. 4Q385a Jeremiah Apocryphon Ca 4Q386 Pseudo-Ezekielb 4Q387 SBLJeremiah Cb Abbreviations xiii

4Q388a Jeremiah Cc 4Q389 Jeremiah Cd 4Q390 Jeremiah Apocryphon E 4Q391 Papyrus Pseudo-Ezekiele 4Q415 Instructiona 4Q416 Instructionb 4Q417 Instructionc 4Q418 Instructiond 4Q419 Sapiential Work B 4Q434 Barkhi Nafshia 4Q464 Exposition on the Patriarchs 4Q491c Milḥamah or War Scrolla 4Q496 Papyrus Milḥamahf (War Scroll) 4Q504 Dibre Hame’orota Messianic Apocalypse 4Q524 Temple Scrollb 4Q530 Aramaic Enoch, Giantsb 4Q542 Aramaic 4Q543 Aramaic Visions of Amrama 4Q544 Aramaic Visions of Amramb 4Q545 Aramaic Visions of Amramc 4Q546 Aramaic Visions of Amramd 4Q547 Aramaic Visions of Amrame 4Q548 Aramaic Visions of Amramf 4Q551 Aramaic Daniel and Susanna? 4Q552 Aramaic Four Kingdomsa 4Q553 Aramaic Four Kingdomsb 4QMMT MMT (Halakic Letter) 6Q7 Papyrus Daniel Melchizedek 11Q14 Melchizedek 11Q19 Press Abr. Philo, De Abrahamo A.J. Josephus, Antiquitates judaicae Apoc. Mos. Apocalypse of Apos. Con. Apostolic Constitutions and Canons Ascen. Isa. Martyrdom and Ascension of Isaiah 6–11 Avot R. Nat. Avot de Rabbi Nathan Avod. Zar. SBLAvodah Zarah xiv Abbreviations b. Babylonian B. Qam. Bava Qamma Barn. Barnabas Ber. Bib. hist. Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica B.J. Josephus, Bellum judaicum C. Ap. Josephus, Contra Apionem Cels. Origen, Contra Celsum Comm. Isa. Jerome, Commentariorum in Isaiam libri XVIII Decal. Philo, De decalogo Dial. Justin, Dialogus cum Tryphone Did. Didache Ep Jer Epistle of Jeremiah Ep. Pet. Epistle of Peter Eruv. Eruvim Gen. Rab. Genesis Rabbah Haer. Adversus haereses Hag. Herm. Sim. Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude(s) Hist. Tacitus, Historiae Hist. eccl. Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica Hist. Rom. Cassius Dio, Historia Romana Hom. Pseudo-Clementine Homilies Hom. Matt. John Chrysostom, Homiliae in Matthaeum Hul. Hypoth. Philo, Hypothetica Jos. Asen. Joseph and Aseneth Jub. Jubilees Ketub. Ketubbot LAB Pseudo-Philo, Liber antiquitarum biblicarum Legat. Philo, Legatio ad Gaium Let. Aris. Letter to Aristeas Press Lev. Rab. Leviticus Rabbah Liv. Prop. Lives of the Prophets LXX m. Ma’as. Ma’aserot Ma’as. Sh. Ma’aser Sheni Mak. SBLMakkot Abbreviations xv

Meg. Mek. Mekilta Menah. Menahot Midr. Migr. Philo, De migration Abrahami Mos. Philo, De vita Mosis MT Naz. Ned. Neg. Nega’im OG Old Greek Pan. Epiphanius, Panarion (Adversus haereses) Pesah. Pesahim Pesiq. Rab. Pesiqta Rabbati Pirqe R. El. Pirque Rabbi Eliezer Pis. Cicero, In Pisonem Post. Philo, De posteritate Caini Pr Azar Prayer of Azariah Prob. Philo, Quod omnis probus liber sit Pss. Sol. Psalms of Solomon QE Philo, Questions and Answers on Exodus QG Philo, Questions and Answers on Genesis Qidd. Qiddushin Rab. Rabbah Rec. Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions Sanh. Sat. Juvenal, Satirae Shabb. Shev. Shevi’it Sheqal. Sheqalim Sib. Or. Sibylline Oracles Spec. Philo, De specialibus legibusPress t. T. Benj. Testament of Benjamin T. Dan Testament of Dan T. Gad Testament of Gad T. Isaac Testament of Isaac T. Iss. Testament of Issachar T. Jud. SBLTestament of Judah xvi Abbreviations

T. Levi Testament of Levi T. Mos. Testament of Moses T. Naph. Testament of Naphtali T. Sim. Testament of Simeon T. Zeb. Testament of Zebulun Ta’an. Ta’anit Tanh. Tanhuma Tehar. Teharot Tg. Targum Tg. Neof. Targum Neofiti Tg. Ps.-J. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Uq. Uqtzin y. Talmud Yad. Yevam.

Secondary Resources

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BAGD Bauer, Walter, William F. Arndt, F. Wilbur Gingrich, and Frederick W. Danker. Greek-English Lexicon of the and Other Early Christian Literature. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979. BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BBB Bulletin de bibliographie biblique BBR Bulletin for Biblical Research BCBC Believers Church Bible Commentary BDAG Danker, Frederick W., Walter Bauer, William F. Arndt, and F. Wilbur Gingrich. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. BDF Blass, Friedrich, Albert Debrunner, and Robert W. Funk. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. BECNT Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament BETL Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovanien- sium BGL Bibliothek der Griechischen Literature Bib Biblica BibInt Biblical Interpretation Series BJS Brown Judaic Studies BMSEC Baylor-Mohr Siebeck Studies in Early Christianity BN Biblische Notizen BRLJ Brill Reference Library of Judaism BT Bibliothèque théologique BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin BTS Biblical Tools and Studies BZ Biblische Zeitschrift BZNW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wis- senschaft Press CahRB Cahiers de la Revue Biblique CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series CC Calvin’s Commentaries CD Cairo Genizah copy of the CEB SBLCommon English Bible xviii Abbreviations

CIJ Frey, Jean-Baptiste, ed. Corpus Inscriptionum Judaica­ rum. 2 vols. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1936–1952. CM Christianity in the Making ConBNT Coniectanea Biblica: New Testament Series CRINT Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamen- tum CSHJ Chicago Studies in the History of Judaism CurBR Currents in Biblical Research CurTM Currents in Theology and Mission DCLS Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Studies DI Diné Israel DJD Discoveries in the Judaean Desert DJG Green, Joel B., and Scot McKnight, eds. Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1992. DJG2 Green, Joel B., Jeannine K. Brown, and Nicholas Perrin, eds. Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. 2nd ed. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2013. DSD Dead Sea Discoveries EBib Etudes bibliques EC Early Christianity ECL Early Christianity and Its Literature EDSS Schiffman, Lawrence H., and James C. VanderKam, eds. Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls. 2 vols. New York: , 2000. EKKNT Evangelisch-katholischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testa- ment ESTJ Gurtner, Daniel M., and Loren T. Stuckenbruck, eds. The T&T Clark Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism. 2 vols. London: T&T Clark, 2020. ESV ET English text Press EvT Evangelische Theologie EWNT Balz, Horst, and Gerhard Schneider. Exegetische Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament. 3 vols. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1980–1983. Exp The Expositor ExpTim Expository Times FBBS SBLFacet Books, Biblical Series Abbreviations xix

FC Fathers of the Church FCNTECW Feminist Companion to the New Testament and Early Christian Writings FIOTL Formation and Interpretation of Litera- ture FN Filología Neotestamentaria FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments FSCS Faith and Scholarship Colloquies Series HBS History of HBT Horizons in Biblical Theology HOS Handbook of Oriental Studies HThKNT Herders Theologischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testa- ment HTR Harvard Theological Review HTS Harvard Theological Studies HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual ICC International Critical Commentary IBHS Waltke, Bruce, and Michael O’Connor. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Winona Lake, IN: Eisen- brauns, 1990. IEJ Israel Exploration Journal Imm Immanuel Int Interpretation JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JBTC A Journal of Biblical JCPS Jewish and Christian Perspectives Series JCT Jewish and Christian Texts in Context JDS Judean Desert Studies JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society JJMJS Journal of the Jesus Movement in Its Jewish Setting from the First to the SeventhPress Century JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JLRS Journal of Law, Religion and State JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JRS Journal of Roman Studies JSHJ Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenis- SBLtic, and Roman Periods xx Abbreviations

JSJSup Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenis- tic, and Roman Periods Supplement Series JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament JSNTSup Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series JSP Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha JSPSup Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Supplement Series JSRC Jerusalem Studies in Religion and Culture JTS Journal of Theological Studies KJV KWJS Key Words in Jewish Studies L&N Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida, eds. Greek- English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains. 2nd ed. New York: United Bible Societies, 1989. LBS Library of Biblical Studies LD Lectio Divina LHBOTS The Library of /Old Testament Studies LNTS The Library of New Testament Studies LPTR Linzer philosophisch-theologische Reihe LSJ Liddell, Henry George, Robert Scott, Henry Stuart Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed. with revised supple- ment. Oxford: Clarendon, 1996. LSTS The Library of Second Temple Studies LTPM Louvain Theological and Pastoral Monographs LW Luther’s Works MQR Mennonite Quarterly Review NA28 Novum Testamentum PressGraece, Nestle-Aland, 28th ed. NAB NASB New American Standard Bible NCBC New Cambridge Bible Commentary NEB NETS Pietersma, Albert, and Benjamin G. Wright, eds. A of the Septuagint. New York: Oxford SBLUniversity Press, 2007. Abbreviations xxi

NICNT New International Commentary on the New Testament NIGTC New International Greek Testament Commentary NIV New International Version NJB New NJPS Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures: The New JPS Translation according to the Traditional Hebrew Text NLT NovT Novum Testamentum NovTSup Supplements to Novum Testamentum NRSV New NTAbh Neutestamentliche Abhandlungen NTApoc Schneemelcher, Wilhelm, ed. New Testament Apocry- pha. 2 vols. Revised ed. English trans. ed. Robert McL. Wilson. Rev. ed. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2003. NTC New Testament in Context NTD Das Neue Testament Deutsch NTOA Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus NTR New Testament Readings NTS New Testament Studies NTTSD New Testament Tools, Studies, and Documents ODJR Grossman, Maxine, ed. Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. OTP Charlesworth, James H., ed. Old Testament Pseudepigra- pha. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1983, 1985. OTS Old Testament Studies P.Yadin Lewis, Naphtali. The Documents from the Bar Kohkba Period in the Cave of Letters: Greek Papyri and Aramaic and Nabatean Signatures and Subscriptions. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, Hebrew University of Jeru- salem and the , 1989; Yadin, Yigael, Jonas C. Greenfield, PressAda Yardeni, and Baruch A. Levine., eds. The Documents from the Bar Kokhba Period in the Cave of Letters: Hebrew, Aramaic and Nabatean-Aramaic Papyri. JDS. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, Insti- tute of Archaeology, Hebrew University and Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, 2002. PGNT Phoenix Guides to the New Testament PMB SBLPublications of the Museum of the Bible xxii Abbreviations

PTMS Princeton Theological Monograph Series PTSDSSP Princeton Theological Seminary Dead Sea Scrolls Proj- ect RB Revue biblique REB REDS Reformed Exegetical Doctrinal Studies RevExp Review and Expositor RevQ Revue de RGRW Religions in the Graeco-Roman World RHPR Revue d’ histoire et de philosophie religieuses RSV Revised Standard Version SAC Studies in Antiquity and Christianity SANT Studien zum Alten und Neuen Testaments SBB Stuttgarter biblische Beiträge SBEC Studies in the Bible and Early Christianity SBTJT The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series SBLSP Society of Biblical Literature Seminar Papers SBLStBL Society of Biblical Literature Studies in Biblical Litera- ture SBM Stuttgarter biblische Monographien SBT Studia Biblica et Theologica ScrHier Scripta Hierosolymitana SE Sciences Ecclésiastiques SFSHJ South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism SJT Scottish Journal of Theology SNTI Studies in New Testament Interpretation SNTSMS Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series SNTW Studies of the New Testament and Its World SP Sacra Pagina SR Studies in Religion ST Studia Theologica Press STDJ Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah SUNT Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments SVTP Studia in Veteris Testamenti Pseudepigrapha SymS Symposium Series TDNT Kittel, Gerhard, and Gerhard Friedrich, eds. Theological SBLDictionary of the New Testament. Translated by Geoffrey Abbreviations xxiii

W. Bromiley. 10 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964– 1976. TENTS Texts and Editions for New Testament Study TEV Today’s English Version ThTo Theology Today TKNT Theologischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament TS Theological Studies TSR Toronto Studies in Religion TSAJ Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum TynBul Tyndale Bulletin UBS5 The Greek New Testament, United Bible Societies, 5th ed. VT Vetus Testamentum VTSup Supplements to Vetus Testamentum WA Luther, Martin. D. Martin Luthers Werke. Kritische Gesamtausgabe. 73 vols. Weimar: Herman Böhlaus Nachfolger, 1883–2009 WBC Word Biblical Commentary WFT Works of the Fathers in Translation WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testa- ment YJS Yale Judaica Series Z AW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ZECNT Zondervan Exegetical Commentary on the New Testa- ment ZNW Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche Press

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