Matthew Within Judaism
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MATTHEW WITHIN JUDAISM Press SBL EARLY CHRISTIANITY AND ITS LITERATURE Shelly Matthews, General Editor Editorial Board: Jennifer A. Glancy Joseph A. Marchal Anders Runesson Janet Spittler Matthew Thiessen Number 27 Press SBL MATTHEW WITHIN JUDAISM Israel and the Nations in the First Gospel Edited by Anders Runesson and Daniel M. Gurtner Press SBL Atlanta Copyright © 2020 by Society of Biblical Literature All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Hous- ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Runesson, Anders, editor. | Gurtner, Daniel M., editor. Title: Matthew within Judaism : Israel and the Nations in the First Gospel / edited by Anders Runesson and Daniel M. Gurtner. Description: Atlanta : SBL Press, 2020. | Series: Early Christianity and its literature ; 27 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers:LCCN 2019059610 (print) | LCCN 2019059611 (ebook) | ISBN 9781628372779 (paperback) | ISBN 9780884144434 (hardback) | ISBN 9780884144441 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Bible. Matthew—Criticism, interpretation, etc. | Judaism—History— Post-exilic period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D. | Christianity and other religions—Judaism. | Judaism—Relations—Christianity. Classification: LCC BS2575.52 .M425 2020 (print) | LCC BS2575.52 (ebook) | DDC 226.2/06—dc23 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019059611 Press SBL Contents Preface ................................................................................................................ix Abbreviations ....................................................................................................xi Introduction: The Location of the Matthew-within-Judaism Perspective in Past and Present Research Anders Runesson and Daniel M. Gurtner ..............................................1 Part 1: Institutions and Law Matthew and the Torah: Jesus as Legal Interpreter James G. Crossley .....................................................................................29 The Sermon on the Mount as Synagogue Teaching Jordan Ryan ...............................................................................................53 Matthew and the Temple Akiva Cohen .............................................................................................75 Part 2: Ethnicity Aspects of Matthean Universalism: Ethnic Identity as a Theological Tool in the First Gospel Anders Runesson ....................................................................................Press 103 His Glorious Throne: Israel and the Gentiles in Mission and Judgment in the Gospel of Matthew David L. Turner ......................................................................................135 “Nations,” “Non-Jewish Nations,” or “Non-Jewish Individuals”: Matthew 28:19 Revisited Terence L.SBL Donaldson ............................................................................ 169 vi Contents Ethnic Identities in the Dead Sea Legal Papyri and Matthew: Reinterpreting Matthew 25:31–46 Philip F. Esler ..........................................................................................195 Part 3: Jesus among Friends and Enemies The Role of the Crowds in the Gospel of Matthew Matthias Konradt ...................................................................................213 Whose King Is He Anyway? What Herod Tells Us about Matthew Wayne Baxter ..........................................................................................233 The Function of Teaching Authority in the Dead Sea Documents and Matthew’s Gospel Loren T. Stuckenbruck ...........................................................................257 Part 4: Purity and Eschatology Moral Impurity in the Gospel of Matthew Cecilia Wassén ........................................................................................285 Danielic Influence at the Intersection of Matthew and the Dead Sea Scrolls Daniel M. Gurtner .................................................................................309 Life after Death? The Question of Immediate Life after Death in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in the Gospel of Matthew David C. Sim ...........................................................................................329 The Resurrection of the Saints as a Prolepsis of the Resurrection of Jesus: A Reassessment of Matthew’s Portrayal of the Risen Jesus Lidija Novakovic .....................................................................................Press 347 Part 5: Jewish and Gentile Reception The Problem of Christian Anti-Semitism and a Sectarian Reading of the Gospel of Matthew: The Trial of Jesus John Kampen ..........................................................................................371 SBL Contents vii Israel and the Nations in the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies and Recognitions 1.27–71: Receptions of the Gospel of Matthew Karin Hedner Zetterholm .....................................................................399 Merit and Anti-Judaism in Matthew’s Parables since Jülicher Nathan Eubank .......................................................................................427 Concluding Reflections: What’s Next in the Study of Matthew? Amy-Jill Levine .......................................................................................449 Bibliography ...................................................................................................467 Contributors ...................................................................................................519 Ancient Sources Index ..................................................................................525 Modern Authors Index .................................................................................567 Press SBL Press SBL Preface To the readers of this volume it will soon become evident that it originated in a session held by the Society of Biblical Literature’s Matthew Section (San Antonio, 2016) and continued the year after (Boston, 2017). The development of the book was greatly enhanced by the stimulating dia- logue generated in those settings. We are very grateful to the participants in those sessions and to the other scholars represented in this volume for enthusiastically endorsing the project and contributing excellent and thought-provoking papers. What may be less obvious is the influence of important scholars behind the scenes whose input made the volume much better than it otherwise would have been. Amy-Jill Levine not only furnished a stimulating conclusion to the book but also provided impor- tant guidance at some pivotal points. David Horrell, then general editor of the Early Christianity and Its Literature (ECL) series, accepted the volume for the series and provided helpful guidance in the initial stages of the process. Shelly Matthews, now the general editor of the series, read the entire manuscript in detail, correcting a number of errors and lending her expertise to improving the volume in a number of respects. The editors are grateful to these scholars as well as the steering committee and partici- pants in the Society of Biblical Literature’s Matthew section, with whom we have worked over several years. Finally, we are grateful to Nicole Til- ford for her leadership as the manuscript was turned into a book. PressAnders Runesson Daniel M. Gurtner August 2019 SBL-ix - Press SBL Abbreviations Primary Sources 1 Clem. 1 Clement 1 En. 1 Enoch 1Q14 Pesher Micah 1Q15 Pesher Zephaniah 1Q16 Pesher Psalms 1Q20 Genesis Apocryphon 1Q71 Daniela 1Q72 Danielb 1QHa Hodayota or Thanksgiving Hymnsa 1QM Milḥamah or War Scroll 1QpHab Pesher Habakkuk 1QS Serek Hayaḥad or Rule of the Community 2 Bar. 2 Baruch 2 Clem. 2 Clement 2 En. 2 Enoch 4Q14 Exodusc 4Q112 Daniela 4Q113 Danielb 4Q114 Danielc 4Q115 Danield 4Q116 Daniele Press 4Q156 Targum Leviticus 4Q161 Pesher Isaiaha 4Q162 Pesher Isaiahb 4Q163 Papyrus Pesher Isaiahc 4Q164 Pesher Isaiahd 4Q165 Pesher Isaiahe 4Q166 Pesher Hoseaa SBL-xi - xii Abbreviations 4Q167 Pesher Hoseab 4Q169 Pesher Nahum 4Q170 Pesher Zephaniah 4Q171 Pesher Psalmsa 4Q172 Pesher unidentified 4Q173 Pesher Psalmsb 4Q174 Florilegium 4Q175 Testimonia 4Q177 Catena A 4Q180 Ages of Creation A 4Q181 Ages of Creation B 4Q184 Wiles of the Wicked Woman 4Q202 Aramaic Enochb 4Q203 Aramaic Enoch, Giantsa 4Q213 Aramaic Levi Documenta 4Q242 Aramaic Prayer of Nabodinus 4Q243 Aramaic Pseudo-Daniela 4Q244 Aramaic Pseudo-Danielb 4Q245 Aramaic Pseudo-Danielc 4Q246 Aramaic Daniel Apocryphon 4Q248 Historical Text A 4Q252 Commentary on Genesis A 4Q253 Commentary on Genesis B 4Q254 Commentary on Genesis C 4Q254a Commentary on Genesis D 4Q258 Serek Hayaḥadd (Manual of Discipline) 4Q259 Serek Hayaḥade (Manual of Discipline) 4Q265 Miscellaneous Rules 4Q266 Damascus Documenta 4Q267 Damascus Documentb 4Q269 Damascus Documentd 4Q272 Damascus DocumentPressg 4Q273 Papyrus Damascus Documenth 4Q289 Berakhotd 4Q300 Mysteriesb 4Q382 Papyrus Paraphase of Kings et al. 4Q385a Jeremiah Apocryphon Ca 4Q386 Pseudo-Ezekielb 4Q387 SBLJeremiah Cb Abbreviations xiii 4Q388a Jeremiah Cc 4Q389 Jeremiah Cd 4Q390 Jeremiah Apocryphon E 4Q391 Papyrus Pseudo-Ezekiele 4Q415 Instructiona 4Q416 Instructionb 4Q417 Instructionc 4Q418