Supplement to Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 44, No. 9
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Spring 1998 Gems & Gemology
VOLUME 34 NO. 1 SPRING 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL 1 The Dr. Edward J. Gübelin Most Valuable Article Award FEATURE ARTICLE 4 The Rise to pProminence of the Modern Diamond Cutting Industry in India Menahem Sevdermish, Alan R. Miciak, and Alfred A. Levinson pg. 7 NOTES AND NEW TECHNIQUES 24 Leigha: The Creation of a Three-Dimensional Intarsia Sculpture Arthur Lee Anderson 34 Russian Synthetic Pink Quartz Vladimir S. Balitsky, Irina B. Makhina, Vadim I. Prygov, Anatolii A. Mar’in, Alexandr G. Emel’chenko, Emmanuel Fritsch, Shane F. McClure, Lu Taijing, Dino DeGhionno, John I. Koivula, and James E. Shigley REGULAR FEATURES pg. 30 44 Gem Trade Lab Notes 50 Gem News 64 Gems & Gemology Challenge 66 Book Reviews 68 Gemological Abstracts ABOUT THE COVER: Over the past 30 years, India has emerged as the dominant sup- plier of small cut diamonds for the world market. Today, nearly 70% by weight of the diamonds polished worldwide come from India. The feature article in this issue discuss- es India’s near-monopoly of the cut diamond industry, and reviews India’s impact on the worldwide diamond trade. The availability of an enormous amount of small, low-cost pg. 42 Indian diamonds has recently spawned a growing jewelry manufacturing sector in India. However, the Indian diamond jewelery–making tradition has been around much longer, pg. 46 as shown by the 19th century necklace (39.0 cm long), pendant (4.5 cm high), and bracelet (17.5 cm long) on the cover. The necklace contains 31 table-cut diamond panels, with enamels and freshwater pearls. -
Cross-References ASTEROID IMPACT Definition and Introduction History of Impact Cratering Studies
18 ASTEROID IMPACT Tedesco, E. F., Noah, P. V., Noah, M., and Price, S. D., 2002. The identification and confirmation of impact structures on supplemental IRAS minor planet survey. The Astronomical Earth were developed: (a) crater morphology, (b) geo- 123 – Journal, , 1056 1085. physical anomalies, (c) evidence for shock metamor- Tholen, D. J., and Barucci, M. A., 1989. Asteroid taxonomy. In Binzel, R. P., Gehrels, T., and Matthews, M. S. (eds.), phism, and (d) the presence of meteorites or geochemical Asteroids II. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, pp. 298–315. evidence for traces of the meteoritic projectile – of which Yeomans, D., and Baalke, R., 2009. Near Earth Object Program. only (c) and (d) can provide confirming evidence. Remote Available from World Wide Web: http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ sensing, including morphological observations, as well programs. as geophysical studies, cannot provide confirming evi- dence – which requires the study of actual rock samples. Cross-references Impacts influenced the geological and biological evolu- tion of our own planet; the best known example is the link Albedo between the 200-km-diameter Chicxulub impact structure Asteroid Impact Asteroid Impact Mitigation in Mexico and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Under- Asteroid Impact Prediction standing impact structures, their formation processes, Torino Scale and their consequences should be of interest not only to Earth and planetary scientists, but also to society in general. ASTEROID IMPACT History of impact cratering studies In the geological sciences, it has only recently been recog- Christian Koeberl nized how important the process of impact cratering is on Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria a planetary scale. -
Ernst Zinner, Lithic Astronomer
UCLA UCLA Previously Published Works Title Ernst Zinner, lithic astronomer Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gq43750 Journal Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 42(7/8) ISSN 1086-9379 Author Mckeegan, Kevin D. Publication Date 2007-07-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Meteoritics & Planetary Science 42, Nr 7/8, 1045–1054 (2007) Abstract available online at http://meteoritics.org Ernst Zinner, lithic astronomer Kevin D. MCKEEGAN Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095–1567, USA E-mail: [email protected] It is a rare privilege to be one of the founders of an entirely new field of science, and it is especially remarkable when that new field belongs to the oldest branch of “natural philosophy.” The nature of the stars has perplexed and fascinated humanity for millennia. While the sources of their luminosity and their structures and evolution were revealed over the last century, it is thanks to the pioneering efforts of a rare and remarkable man, Ernst Zinner, as well as his colleagues and students (mostly at the University of Chicago and at Washington University in Saint Louis), that in the last two decades it has become possible to literally hold a piece of a star in one’s hand. Armed with sophisticated microscopes and mass spectrometers of various sorts, these “lithic astronomers” are able to reveal stellar processes in exquisite detail by examining the chemical, mineralogical, and especially the nuclear properties of these microscopic grains of stardust. With this special issue of Meteoritics & Planetary Science, we honor Ernst Zinner (Fig. -
Meteorites and Impacts: Research, Cataloguing and Geoethics
Seminario_10_2013_d 10/6/13 17:12 Página 75 Meteorites and impacts: research, cataloguing and geoethics / Jesús Martínez-Frías Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, asociado al NASA Astrobiology Institute, Ctra de Ajalvir, km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain Abstract Meteorites are basically fragments from asteroids, moons and planets which travel trough space and crash on earth surface or other planetary body. Meteorites and their impact events are two topics of research which are scientifically linked. Spain does not have a strong scientific tradition of the study of meteorites, unlike many other European countries. This contribution provides a synthetic overview about three crucial aspects related to this subject: research, cataloging and geoethics. At present, there are more than 20,000 meteorite falls, many of them collected after 1969. The Meteoritical Bulletin comprises 39 meteoritic records for Spain. The necessity of con- sidering appropriate protocols, scientific integrity issues and a code of good practice regarding the study of the abiotic world, also including meteorites, is emphasized. Resumen Los meteoritos son, básicamente, fragmentos procedentes de los asteroides, la Luna y Marte que chocan contra la superficie de la Tierra o de otro cuerpo planetario. Su estudio está ligado científicamente a la investigación de sus eventos de impacto. España no cuenta con una fuerte tradición científica sobre estos temas, al menos con el mismo nivel de desarrollo que otros paí- ses europeos. En esta contribución se realiza una revisión sintética de tres aspectos cruciales relacionados con los meteoritos: su investigación, catalogación y geoética. Hasta el momento se han reconocido más de 20.000 caídas meteoríticas, muchas de ellos desde 1969. -
Origins of Life: Transition from Geochemistry to Biogeochemistry
December 2016 Volume 12, Number 6 ISSN 1811-5209 Origins of Life: Transition from Geochemistry to Biogeochemistry NITA SAHAI and HUSSEIN KADDOUR, Guest Editors Transition from Geochemistry to Biogeochemistry Staging Life: Warm Seltzer Ocean Incubating Life: Prebiotic Sources Foundation Stones to Life Prebiotic Metal-Organic Catalysts Protometabolism and Early Protocells pub_elements_oct16_1300&icpms_Mise en page 1 13-Sep-16 3:39 PM Page 1 Reproducibility High Resolution igh spatial H Resolution High mass The New Generation Ion Microprobe for Path-breaking Advances in Geoscience U-Pb dating in 91500 zircon, RF-plasma O- source Addressing the growing demand for small scale, high resolution, in situ isotopic measurements at high precision and productivity, CAMECA introduces the IMS 1300-HR³, successor of the internationally acclaimed IMS 1280-HR, and KLEORA which is derived from the IMS 1300-HR³ and is fully optimized for advanced U-Th-Pb mineral dating. • New high brightness RF-plasma ion source greatly improving spatial resolution, reproducibility and throughput • New automated sample loading system with motorized sample height adjustment, significantly increasing analysis precision, ease-of-use and productivity • New UV-light microscope for enhanced optical image resolution (developed by University of Wisconsin, USA) ... and more! Visit www.cameca.com or email [email protected] to request IMS 1300-HR³ and KLEORA product brochures. Laser-Ablation ICP-MS ~ now with CAMECA ~ The Attom ES provides speed and sensitivity optimized for the most demanding LA-ICP-MS applications. Corr. Pb 207-206 - U (238) Recent advances in laser ablation technology have improved signal 2SE error per sample - Pb (206) Combined samples 0.076121 +/- 0.002345 - Pb (207) to background ratios and washout times. -
Hydrologic Soil Groups
AppendixExhibitAppendix A: Hydrologic AB Soil Synthetic Groups Hydrologic for theRainfall United SoilStates Distributions Groups and Rainfall Data Sources Soils are classified into hydrologic soil groups (HSG’s) Disturbed soil profiles to indicate the minimum rate of infiltration obtained for bareThe highest soil after peak prolonged discharges wetting. from Thesmall HSG watersheds’s, which arein the UnitedAs a result States of areurbanization, usually caused the soil by profileintense, may brief be rain- con- A,falls B, that C, and may D, occur are one as distinctelement eventsused in or determining as part of a longersiderably storm. These altered intense and the rainstorms listed group do not classification usually ex- may runofftended curve over anumbers large area (see and chapter intensities 2). For vary the greatly. conve- One commonno longer practice apply. inIn rainfall-runoffthese circumstances, analysis use is tothe develop follow- niencea synthetic of TR-55 rainfall users, distribution exhibit A-1 to uselists in the lieu HSG of actualclassifi- storming events. to determine This distribution HSG according includes to themaximum texture rainfall of the cationintensities of United for the States selected soils. design frequency arranged in a sequencenew surface that soil, is critical provided for thatproducing significant peak compaction runoff. has not occurred (Brakensiek and Rawls 1983). TheSynthetic infiltration raterainfall is the rate distributions at which water enters the soil at the soil surface. It is controlled by surface condi- HSG Soil textures tions.The length HSG ofalso the indicates most intense the transmission rainfall period rate contributing—the rate to the peak runoff rate is related to the time of concen- A Sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam attration which (T thec) for water the watershed.moves within In thea hydrograph soil. -
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matrix in Primitive Chondrites Thesis
Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Physical and Chemical Properties of Matrix in Primitive Chondrites Thesis How to cite: Vaccaro, Epifanio (2017). Physical and Chemical Properties of Matrix in Primitive Chondrites. PhD thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2016 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000cc17 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Physical and chemical properties of matrix in primitive chondrites SEM element map of QUE 99177 matrix Epifanio Vaccaro (MSc Hons. Geological Sciences, Palermo University) The Open University & Natural History Museum, London Supervisors: Natalie Starkey, Ian Franchi, Sara Russell November 2017 This thesis was submitted to The Open University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy i Abstract The origin and formation of our Solar System is an open research question, which the scientific community is trying to address. In this work was specifically investigated the fine grained matrix which is a mixture of fine-grained materials composed largely of amorphous silicate and sub-micrometre crystals forsterite and enstatite. This is thought to be the remnants of the dust and gas of the protoplanetary disk that allows us to better understand chemical and physical properties of this precursor material. -
Naretha Meteorite (Synonyms Kingoonya, Kingooya)
Rec. West. Aust. Mus., 1976, 4 (1) NARETHA METEORITE (Sync;>nyms: Kingoonya, Kingooya) W.H. CLEVERLY* [Received 27 May 1975. Accepted 1 October 1975. Published 31 August 1976.1 ABSTRACT Much of the missing portion of the Naretha (Western Australia) meteorite has been located in museums as an un-named specimen and as two smaller specimens masquerading under the name 'Kingoonya' (or 'Kingooya'). The use of the junior synonyms with their implications of a South Australian site of find should be discontinued. INTRODUCfION Naretha meteorite, an L4 chondrite, was found in 1915 about 3 km north of the 205-mile station during construction of the Trans-Australian Railway. It was broken into at least three major pieces which were acquired by Mr John Darbyshire, Supervising Engineer for the construction of the western end of the railway (construction was proceeding simultaneously from both Kalgoorlie and Port Augusta ends - Fig. 1). Mr Darbyshire donated the meteorite to the W.A. School of Mines in Kalgoorlie where one' piece was retained and exhibited with a photograph of the reassembled meteorite (Fig. 2). A second fragment which was passed on to the Geological Survey of Western Australia was noted briefly by Simpson (1922) who first used the name 'Naretha', the name which had been given to the 205-mile station. There is strong presumptive evidence that the third fragment was passed on to Mr S.F.C. Cook of Kalgoorlie, a private collector from whose inaccurate verbal statements and undocumented collection, the subsequent confusion arose. In late 1926 Mr Cook gave a small piece of 'meteorite to Mr G.W. -
SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE November 2003 NEWSLETTER
Volume 8, Issue 11 SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE November 2003 NEWSLETTER The sole Newsletter dedicated to Solar Eclipses INDEX 2 SECalendar November Dear SENL reader, 6 Artis planetarium 6 CNN tonight 6 Antiquity of 'Dragon's Head and Tail' When we are finishing this newsletter, some of the die 7 New Sony videocamera with 3 Megapixel CCD hards are on its way to observe the total solar eclipse 8 Total irradiance graph 9 Eclipse retrocalculations of 23 November 2003. Indeed, some of the eclipse 10 Saros 139/144 and 129/134 chasers left with the icebreaker from South Africa to- 11 Question about eclipse seasons 11 Virus wards the Antarctic. Hopefully they will have a safe 11 Nasa Eclipse Site CD journey and we hope of course a safe return. 11 Picture Logo NASA WebPages 12 Fast question...... Many others will leave for Australia and will observe the 13 "Our Mr. Sun" 13 An eclipse/transit calculator for your mobile phone! eclipse from the air. We wish them of course all suc- 14 3d pix of eclipse cess with the observations of the eclipse. Hopefully we 15 25 october Mercury occultation by new moon 16 Giant sunspot approaching the Sun's centre will see some nice images of the eclipses, and their ac- 16 Live solar images , and northern lights counts in a few weeks time. 17 Satellites eclipsed 18 New Moon Oct 2003 The total lunar eclipse is another challenge for this 19 NASA Scientist Dives Into Perfect Space Storm 20 On the shortest time lap between tw o totalities in the same month. -
Discoveries of Mass Independent Isotope Effects in the Solar System: Past, Present and Future Mark H
Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry Vol. 86 pp. 35–95, 2021 2 Copyright © Mineralogical Society of America Discoveries of Mass Independent Isotope Effects in the Solar System: Past, Present and Future Mark H. Thiemens Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla, California 92093 USA [email protected] Mang Lin State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China [email protected] THE BEGINNING OF ISOTOPES Discovery and chemical physics The history of the discovery of stable isotopes and later, their influence of chemical and physical phenomena originates in the 19th century with discovery of radioactivity by Becquerel in 1896 (Becquerel 1896a–g). The discovery catalyzed a range of studies in physics to develop an understanding of the nucleus and the properties influencing its stability and instability that give rise to various decay modes and associated energies. Rutherford and Soddy (1903) later suggested that radioactive change from different types of decay are linked to chemical change. Soddy later found that this is a general phenomenon and radioactive decay of different energies and types are linked to the same element. Soddy (1913) in his paper on intra-atomic charge pinpointed the observations as requiring the observations of the simultaneous character of chemical change from the same position in the periodic chart with radiative emissions required it to be of the same element (same proton number) but differing atomic weight. This is only energetically accommodated by a change in neutrons and it was this paper that the name “isotope” emerges. -
Flooding Induced by Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide 10,11 204,206 87 86 B 207,208Pb Sr/ Sr
Fiscal Year 2020 Annual Report VOL. 30, NO. 10 | OCTOBER 2020 Flooding Induced by Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide 10,11 204,206 87 86 B 207,208Pb Sr/ Sr 234U/ 230 Th Sr-Nd-Hf • Geochronology – U/Th age dating • Geochemical Fingerprinting – Sr-Nd-Hf and Pb isotopes • Environmental Source Tracking – B and Sr isotopes High-Quality Data & Timely Results isobarscience.com Subsidiary of OCTOBER 2020 | VOLUME 30, NUMBER 10 SCIENCE 4 Flooding Induced by Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) prints news Gregory Retallack et al. and information for more than 22,000 GSA member readers and subscribing libraries, with 11 monthly issues (March- Cover: Mississippi River flooding at West Alton, Missouri, April is a combined issue). GSA TODAY is published by The Geological Society of America® Inc. (GSA) with offices at USA, 1 June 2019 (Scott Olsen, Getty Images, user license 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado, USA, and a mail- 2064617248). For the related article, see pages 4–8. ing address of P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of race, citizenship, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. © 2020 The Geological Society of America Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright not claimed on content prepared Special Section: FY2020 Annual Report wholly by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted 11 Table of Contents permission, without fees or request to GSA, to use a single figure, table, and/or brief paragraph of text in subsequent work and to make/print unlimited copies of items in GSA TODAY for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. -
The Curtis L. Ivey Science Center DEDICATED SEPTEMBER 17, 2004
NON-PROFIT Office of Advancement ORGANIZATION ALUMNI MAGAZINE COLBY-SAWYER Colby-Sawyer College U.S. POSTAGE 541 Main Street PAID New London, NH 03257 LEWISTON, ME PERMIT 82 C LBY-SAWYER CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED ALUMNI MAGAZINE I NSIDE: FALL/WINTER 2004 The Curtis L. Ivey Science Center DEDICATED SEPTEMBER 17, 2004 F ALL/WINTER 2004 Annual Report Issue EDITOR BOARD OF TRUSTEES David R. Morcom Anne Winton Black ’73, ’75 CLASS NOTES EDITORS Chair Tracey Austin Ye ar of Gaye LaCasce Philip H. Jordan Jr. Vice-Chair CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Tracey Austin Robin L. Mead ’72 the Arts Jeremiah Chila ’04 Executive Secretary Cathy DeShano Ye ar of Nicole Eaton ’06 William S. Berger Donald A. Hasseltine Pamela Stanley Bright ’61 Adam S. Kamras Alice W. Brown Gaye LaCasce Lo-Yi Chan his month marks the launch of the Year of the Arts, a David R. Morcom Timothy C. Coughlin P’00 Tmultifaceted initiative that will bring arts faculty members to meet Kimberly Swick Slover Peter D. Danforth P’83, ’84, GP’02 the Arts Leslie Wright Dow ’57 with groups of alumni and friends around the country. We will host VICE PRESIDENT FOR ADVANCEMENT Stephen W. Ensign gatherings in art museums and galleries in a variety of cities, and Donald A. Hasseltine Eleanor Morrison Goldthwait ’51 are looking forward to engaging hundreds of alumni and friends in Suzanne Simons Hammond ’66 conversations about art, which will be led by our faculty experts. DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT Patricia Driggs Kelsey We also look forward to sharing information about Colby-Sawyer’s Beth Cahill Joyce Juskalian Kolligian ’55 robust arts curriculum.