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Hydrologic Soil Groups

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Hydrologic Soil Groups AppendixExhibitAppendix A: Hydrologic AB Soil Synthetic Groups Hydrologic for theRainfall United SoilStates Distributions Groups and Rainfall Data Sources Soils are classified into hydrologic soil groups (HSG’s) Disturbed soil profiles to indicate the minimum rate of infiltration obtained for bareThe highest soil after peak prolonged discharges wetting. from Thesmall HSG watersheds’s, which arein the UnitedAs a result States of areurbanization, usually caused the soil by profileintense, may brief be rain- con- A,falls B, that C, and may D, occur are one as distinctelement eventsused in or determining as part of a longersiderably storm. These altered intense and the rainstorms listed group do not classification usually ex- may runofftended curve over anumbers large area (see and chapter intensities 2). For vary the greatly. conve- One commonno longer practice apply. inIn rainfall-runoffthese circumstances, analysis use is tothe develop follow- niencea synthetic of TR-55 rainfall users, distribution exhibit A-1 to uselists in the lieu HSG of actualclassifi- storming events. to determine This distribution HSG according includes to themaximum texture rainfall of the cationintensities of United for the States selected soils. design frequency arranged in a sequencenew surface that soil, is critical provided for thatproducing significant peak compaction runoff. has not occurred (Brakensiek and Rawls 1983). TheSynthetic infiltration raterainfall is the rate distributions at which water enters the soil at the soil surface. It is controlled by surface condi- HSG Soil textures tions.The length HSG ofalso the indicates most intense the transmission rainfall period rate contributing—the rate to the peak runoff rate is related to the time of concen- A Sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam attration which (T thec) for water the watershed.moves within In thea hydrograph soil. This rate created is with NRCS procedures, th controlled by the soil profile. Approximate numerical B Silt loam or loam ranges for transmission rates shown in the HSG defini- C Sandy clay loam tions were first published by Musgrave (USDA 1955). D Clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty The four groups are defined by SCS soil scientists as clay, or clay follows: Group A soils have low runoff potential and high infil- Drainage and group D soils tration rates even when thoroughly wetted. They consist chiefly of deep, well to excessively drained sand or Some soils in the list are in group D because of a high gravel and have a high rate of water transmission water table that creates a drainage problem. Once these (greater than 0.30 in/hr). soils are effectively drained, they are placed in a differ- ent group. For example, Ackerman soil is classified as Group B soils have moderate infiltration rates when A/D. This indicates that the drained Ackerman soil is in thoroughly wetted and consist chiefly of moderately group A and the undrained soil is in group D. deep to deep, moderately well to well drained soils with moderately fine to moderately coarse textures. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission (0.15- 0.30 in/hr). Group C soils have low infiltration rates when thor- oughly wetted and consist chiefly of soils with a layer that impedes downward movement of water and soils with moderately fine to fine texture. These soils have a low rate of water transmission (0.05-0.15 in/hr). Group D soils have high runoff potential. They have very low infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted and consist chiefly of clay soils with a high swelling poten- tial, soils with a permanent high water table, soils with a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and shallow soils over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very low rate of water transmission (0-0.05 in/hr). In exhibit A-1, some of the listed soils have an added modifier; for example, “Abrazo, gravelly.” This refers to a gravelly phase of the Abrazo series that is found in SCS soil map legends. A–1 ExhibitExhibit A: Hydrologic A: Hydrologic Soil Groups forSoil the UnitedGroups States for the United States AABAB ............................................ D ACTI................................................ D AGUILITA ....................................... B ALBUS ............................................ B AABERG......................................... D ACTON ........................................... B AGUIRRE ....................................... D ALCALDE ....................................... D AARON ........................................... C ACUFF ............................................ B AGUSTIN ....................................... B ALCAN ............................................ D AARUP ........................................... D ACUNA ........................................... C AHART ........................................... B ALCESTER .................................... B AASTAD ......................................... B ACY ................................................ C AHCHEW........................................ D ALCOA ........................................... B AAZDAHL ....................................... B ADA ................................................ C AHL ................................................. C ALCONA ......................................... B ABAC .............................................. D ADABOI .......................................... C AHLSTROM ................................... D ALCOT ............................................ A ABAJO ............................................ C ADAIR ............................................. C AHMEEK ........................................ C ALCOVA ......................................... B ABALAN ......................................... D ADAMANT ...................................... B AHOLT ............................................ D ALCOVY ......................................... C ABALOBADIAH .............................. B ADAMS ........................................... A AHPAH ........................................... C ALDA, Saline.............................. B/D ABARCA ......................................... B ADAMSLAKE ................................. B AHREN ........................................... B ALDA .............................................. C ABBAYE ......................................... B ADAMSON ..................................... B AHRNKLIN ..................................... C ALDAPE ......................................... D ABBEYLAKE .................................. A ADAMSVILLE................................. C AHRS .............................................. B ALDAX ............................................ D ABBIE ............................................. B ADATON......................................... D AHSAHKA ...................................... C ALDEN ............................................ D ABBOTT ......................................... D ADAVEN ......................................... C AHTANUM .................................. C/D ALDENLAKE .................................. B ABBOTTSPRING ........................... B ADCO ............................................. D AHWAHNEE................................... B ALDER ............................................ C ABBOTTSTOWN ........................... C ADDER ....................................... A/D AIBONITO ...................................... D ALDERDALE .................................. C ABEGG ........................................... B ADDERTON ................................... B AIDO ............................................... D ALDERFLATS ................................ D ABELA ............................................ B ADDICKS ....................................... D AIKEN ............................................. B ALDERMAND ................................. B ABELL ............................................ B ADDIELOU ..................................... B AIKMAN .......................................... D ALDERON ...................................... B ABENAKI ........................................ B ADE ................................................ A AILEY ............................................. B ALDERWOOD ................................ C ABERDEEN ................................... C ADEK .............................................. B AIMELIIK ........................................ B ALDI ................................................ D ABERONE ...................................... B ADEL .............................................. B AINAKEA ........................................ B ALDINE .......................................... D ABERSITO ..................................... C ADEL, Wet ..................................... D AINSLEY ........................................ B ALDING .......................................... D ABERT ............................................ B ADELAIDE...................................... D AINSWORTH ................................. B ALDINO .......................................... C ABES .............................................. D ADELANTO .................................... B AIRMONT ....................................... C ALDO .............................................. A ABGESE ......................................... B ADELINO ........................................ B AIRPORT, Wet............................... C ALDRICH ........................................ C ABILENE .......................................
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