DOCSLIB.ORG

I the POLITICS of WOMEN‟S RIGHTS REFORMS DURING THE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
I the POLITICS of WOMEN‟S RIGHTS REFORMS DURING THE THE POLITICS OF WOMEN‟S RIGHTS REFORMS DURING THE EARLY REPUBLICAN ERA: STATE FEMINISM VERSUS PIONEER WOMEN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY HANDE ĠREM SADĠ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MAY 2019 i ii Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Tülin GENÇÖZ Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. AyĢe AYATA Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erden Attila AYTEKĠN Supervisor Examining Committee Members Assoc. Prof. Dr. Canan ASLAN AKMAN (METU, ADM) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erden Attila AYTEKĠN (METU, ADM) Prof. Dr. Berrin KOYUNCU LORASDAĞI (Hacettepe Uni., SBKY) 3 PLAGIARISM I hereby declare thatall information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Hande Ġrem SADĠ Signature: iii ABSTRACT THE POLITICS OF WOMEN‟S RIGHTS REFORMS DURING THE EARLY REPUBLICAN ERA: STATE FEMINISM VERSUS PIONEER WOMEN SADĠ, Hande Ġrem M. Sc., Department of Political Science and Public Administration Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erden Attila AYTEKĠN May 2019, 148 pages The objective of this thesis study is to analyze the nature, objectives and the repercussions of “state feminism” which pioneered the secularization and modernization reforms during the early Republican period in Turkey (from 1923s to the 1940s) and implemented in the context of an authoritarian regime until the late 1940s. It emphasizes the continuity between Ottoman-Turkish modernization and the Republican transformation of women‟s rights by inquiring into the stands of nationalist and feminist modernizing women pioneers vis-à-vis egalitarian reform policies of the male-dominated state in the context of state and nation- building processes. This study especially focuses on the impact of a dilemma created for the women activists of the era, who were committed to the nationalist- collectivist ideals of the Republic as well as to the women‟s rights. To this end, it aims to contribute to the critical examination of the egalitarian reforms of the early Republican era by analyzing the emancipatory ideals and discourses of the prominent women activists, Nezihe Muhiddin and Halide Edip. While both women were committed to the Kemalist revolution and held feminist ideals, both were silenced by the authoritarian regime and experienced this dilemma. iv Keywords: State Feminism, Women‟s Rights, Nationalism, Dilemma, Pioneer Women. v ÖZ ERKEN CUMHURĠYETĠ DÖNEMĠNDE KADIN HAKLARI REFORM POLĠTĠKASI: DEVLET FEMĠNĠZMĠ KARġISINDA ÖNCÜ KADINLAR SADĠ, Hande Ġrem Yüksek Lisans, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Erden Attila AYTEKĠN Mayıs 2019, 148 sayfa Bu tezin amacı, Türkiye‟de Cumhuriyet‟in erken döneminde (1923‟lerden 1940‟lara kadar) laikleĢme ve modernleĢme reformlarına öncülük eden ve 1940‟ların sonlarına kadar otoriter bir rejim bağlamında hayata geçirilen Kemalist “devlet feminizmi”nin niteliğini, amaçlarını ve yankılarını analiz etmektir. Feminist ya da feminizm yanlısı öncü milliyetçi-modernleĢmeci kadınların devlet ve ulus oluĢturma süreçleri bağlamındaki erkek egemen devletin eĢitlikçi reform politikaları karĢısındaki duruĢunu inceleyerek, Osmanlı-Türk modernleĢmesi arasındaki sürekliliği vurgular. Bu çalıĢma özellikle, Cumhuriyet‟in milliyetçi- toplumsal ideallerine ve aynı zamanda kadınların haklarına bağlı olan çağın kadın aktivistleri için yaratılan bir ikilemin etkisine odaklanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, dönemin önde gelen kadın aktivistlerden Nezihe Muhiddin ve Halide Edip‟in kadınlar için özgürleĢtirici ideallerini ve söylemlerini de analiz ederek erken Cumhuriyet dönemindeki eĢitlik reformlarının eleĢtirel incelemesine katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Her iki kadın da Kemalist devrime bağlıyken ve feminist idealleri sürdürürken, otoriter rejim tarafından susturulmuĢ ve bu ikilemi yaĢamıĢlardır. vi Anahtar Kelimeler: Devlet Feminizmi, Kadın Hakları, Kemalizm, Milliyetçilik, Ġkilem, Öncü Kadınlar. vii To My Mom viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my profound gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erden Attila AYTEKĠN, for his guidance, patience and endless encouragement he has given me during the preparation of this thesis. I also take immense pleasure in thanking the members of my thesis committee, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Canan ASLAN AKMAN and Prof. Dr. Berrin KOYUNCU LORASDAĞI for their invaluable advice and support. I especially cannot find words to express my gratitude to Canan ASLAN AKMAN for her stimulating questions and insightful comments which have been an inspiration to me throughout my research. I am indebted to my friend Semih Bugari who has always used his best endeavors whenever I felt despairing during the preparation of the thesis and Kubilay Atik who is also a very kind friend who has helped me in my researches. I wish to extend sincere appreciation to my best friend Ramize Karakan who never omits her support not only during this difficult time but also throughout my life. I wish to make a particular expression of gratitude to my aunts, Elif Sadi and Ece Koçak for their continuous moral support. Last but not least, words are inadequate to express my gratitude to my mom Mualla Koçak, and my aunt Müzeher Koçak, who have had such great faith in me. They have always accompanied me on my journey of life with their heartfelt support, even if this process is arduous at times. Without them, I would never have dared to start this thesis. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS PLAGIARISM ................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... iv ÖZ…………… .................................................................................................. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................... xii CHAPTER INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 1.1. The Subject Matter, Scope and the Research Question of the Study....... 1 1.2. Research Procedure ................................................................................ 12 1.3. The Organization of Thesis .................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 2 ..................................................................................................... 17 WOMEN‟S RIGHTS DURING STATE- BUILDING PROCESSES AND NATIONALIST PROJECTS ........................................................................... 17 2.1. Contextualizing Equality Reforms and Feminist Struggles for Women in Nationalist and State Building Periods ............................................. 17 2.2. The Antecedents of the Kemalist Reforms: Women and Modernization during the Tanzimat and the Constitutionalist Period in the Ottoman Era ................................................................................ 28 2.2.1. Reforms of the Tanzimat Period on Women‟s Rights .................... 29 2.2.2. Reforms of the Constitutional Period on Women‟s Rights ............. 36 x THE PARADIGM OF KEMALIST “STATE FEMINISM”: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE “NEW WOMEN” IN THE NEW TURKISH SOCIETY .......................................................................................................... 50 3.1. The Context of Women‟s Integration into the Nationalist Project and the Polity Prior to and After the Turkish Republic ............................... 51 3.2. Secularization Reforms and Women‟s Rights ........................................ 57 3.2.1. Secularization Reforms of the Republic .......................................... 57 3.2.2. Women‟s Rights Reforms within the Republican Transformation . 62 3.2.2.1. The Turkish Civil Code and Women‟s Equal Citizenship ........ 64 3.2.2.2. Women‟s Voting Rights (Universal Suffrage) .......................... 67 3.2.2.3. Reforms on Women‟s Access to Education .............................. 70 CHAPTER 4 ..................................................................................................... 76 PIONEER WOMEN VERSUS STATE FEMINISM ....................................... 76 4.1. Women, the Republican Transformation and the State Feminism of the Early Republican Period .................................................................. 76 4.2. The Construction of the “New Women” in the “New Society” ............. 80 4.3. Pioneer Women and Their Dilemmas between Nationalist Imperatives and Women‟s Interests ...................................................... 94 CHAPTER 5 ................................................................................................... 113 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................... 113 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Topkapi Palace As a Moral and Political Institutional Structure in the Ottoman Palace Organization
    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 7, No. 3; March 2017 Topkapi Palace as a Moral and Political Institutional Structure in the Ottoman Palace Organization Samed Kurban Research Assistant Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Department of Public Administration Dumlupınar University Kutahya/Turkey Abstract The Topkapı Palace is a building built after the conquest of Istanbul, where the Ottoman Empire was ruled and where the sultans and their families resided until the mid-19th century. The palace, which has been in service for a period of about 400 years in the Ottoman Empire's lifetime of six centuries, functions as a living space of Ottoman administration and politics and ethics with the practices, customs and traditions that took place during this period. Therefore, it is a very important reference for the Ottoman State. It must be said that this position is very different from a state or presidential residence existing in modern states. The rules, which have been strictly respected for centuries and the existence of a system that operates on a regular basis, place Topkapı Palace in a privileged position. It is possible to see this characteristic in the organizational structure of Topkapı Palace. Especially the Enderun and Harem constructions, which are located in the third yard within the palace, have very important functions in the Ottoman State regarding the distinction between public and private spaces. In the study, the place where Topkapı Palace has taken as a moral and political institutional structure in the Ottoman State shall be revealed in terms of the three main gates of the palace and the courts that these gates open to.
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Allies of the Ottoman Empire by Emrah Safa Gürkan
    Christian Allies of the Ottoman Empire by Emrah Safa Gürkan The relationship between the Ottomans and the Christians did not evolve around continuous hostility and conflict, as is generally assumed. The Ottomans employed Christians extensively, used Western know-how and technology, and en- couraged European merchants to trade in the Levant. On the state level, too, what dictated international diplomacy was not the religious factors, but rather rational strategies that were the results of carefully calculated priorities, for in- stance, several alliances between the Ottomans and the Christian states. All this cooperation blurred the cultural bound- aries and facilitated the flow of people, ideas, technologies and goods from one civilization to another. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Christians in the Service of the Ottomans 3. Ottoman Alliances with the Christian States 4. Conclusion 5. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography 3. Notes Citation Introduction Cooperation between the Ottomans and various Christian groups and individuals started as early as the beginning of the 14th century, when the Ottoman state itself emerged. The Ottomans, although a Muslim polity, did not hesitate to cooperate with Christians for practical reasons. Nevertheless, the misreading of the Ghaza (Holy War) literature1 and the consequent romanticization of the Ottomans' struggle in carrying the banner of Islam conceal the true nature of rela- tions between Muslims and Christians. Rather than an inevitable conflict, what prevailed was cooperation in which cul- tural, ethnic, and religious boundaries seemed to disappear. Ÿ1 The Ottomans came into contact and allied themselves with Christians on two levels. Firstly, Christian allies of the Ot- tomans were individuals; the Ottomans employed a number of Christians in their service, mostly, but not always, after they had converted.
    [Show full text]
  • (2012), Ss. 27-53
    Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2 (2012), ss. 27-53. OSMANLININ SON DÖNEMİNDE RİZE’DE SOSYAL HAYAT (1911-1913) Nebi Gümüş | Ümit Erkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Doç. Dr., İslam Tarihi | Arş. Gör., İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi Özet: Bu çalışma, 1911-1913 yıllarına ait kayıtları ihtiva eden 1509 nolu Rize Şer‟iyye Sicili ışığında Osmanlı Devleti‟nin son döneminde Rize‟de sosyal hayatla alâkalı bazı konulara temas etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede 19. yüzyıl sonu ile 20. yüzyıl başında Rize‟de aile yaşantısı, Müslüman toplum ile gayri- müslim kesimler arasındaki ilişkiler, ticari hayat ve miras taksiminin yanı sıra güvenlik sorunları gibi konular üzerinde durulmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Rize, Şer‟iyye Sicilleri, Tarih, Osmanlı, Aile, Hukuk Social Life in Rize at the Last Period of Ottomans (1911-1913) Abstract: This study aims to the findings about Rize‟s social life, relations between Muslim and the non-muslims, commercial life, the distribution of heri- tage and security problems in the light of Sharia Court Records numbered 1509 in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, which covers the dates between 1911 and 1913. Key words: Rize, Sharia Court Records, History, Ottoman, Family, Law. الحياة اﻻجتماعية في العهد العثماني اﻷخير في مدينة ريزة )1111-1111( الملخص هذي الدراست تهدف إلى التطزق لبعض المىضىعاث المتعلقت بالحياة اﻻجتماعيت في العهد العثماوي اﻷخيز في مديىت ريزة على ضىء السجﻻث الشزعيت الشاملت ما بيه 1111-1111للهجزة . وقد ارتكزث الدراست على بعض العىاويه في هذا اﻹطار مثل الحياة الزوجيت والحياة التجاريت والتقسيماث اﻹرثيت والمعامﻻث بيه المسلميه و غيز المسلميه باﻹضافت إلى المشكﻻث اﻷمىيت ما بيه أواخز القزن التاسع عشز و أوائل القزن العشزيه في مديىت ريزة.
    [Show full text]
  • Ottoman Empire and Lasted Well Beyond the Colonial Period
    2 | Shari'ah: From Diverse Legal Discourse to Colonial Misrepresentation Author Biography Tesneem Alkiek is the Director of Expanded Learning and a Fellow at Yaqeen. She completed her undergraduate degree in Early Christianity and Islamic Studies at the University of Michigan. She is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Islamic Studies at Georgetown University with a focus on the development of Islamic law. Disclaimer: The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in these papers and articles are strictly those of the authors. Furthermore, Yaqeen does not endorse any of the personal views of the authors on any platform. Our team is diverse on all fronts allowing for constant enriching dialogue that helps us produce only the finest research. Copyright © 2019. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research 3 | Shari'ah: From Diverse Legal Discourse to Colonial Misrepresentation Introduction Just over a century after the Prophet’s passing, Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ, the well-known Persian secretary and vizier to the second Abbasid caliph al-Manṣūr, penned his famous Risāla fī al-Ṣaḥāba (Epistle Concerning the Entourage), advising the ​ ​ ​ ​ caliph on how to confront the political troubles of his caliphate.1 Among his handful of recommendations, Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ suggested that the caliph codify the growing corpus of what constituted Islamic law. Although the Caliph al-Manṣūr did not ultimately undertake Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ’s proposal, he did have another idea: why not simply use the respectable Imam Malik’s legal compendium, al-Muwaṭṭaʾ , ​ as a standardized legal code?2 When the caliph summoned Imam Malik to propose this idea, however, Imam Malik did not hesitate to reject the proposition.
    [Show full text]
  • Università Degli Studi Di Cagliari Storia, Istituzioni E Relazioni
    ! ! ! ! Università degli Studi di Cagliari ! ! Storia, Istituzioni e Relazioni Internazionali ! dell’Asia e dell’Africa Moderna e Contemporanea! Ciclo XXVI! ! ! TITOLO TESI! Il sivil toplum negli anni del kemalismo: uno studio del Kadın Gazetesi! (1947-1950)! Settori scientifici disciplinari di afferenza:! SPS/13 – L-OR/10! ! ! Presentata da:!!!!! Laura Tocco! ! Coordinatore Dottorato! Prof. ssa Bianca Maria Carcangiu! ! Tutor!!!! Dott. Nicola Melis! ! Relatore!!!! Dott. Nicola Melis ! ! ! ! ! ! Esame finale anno accademico 2013 – 2014! IL SIVIL TOPLUM NEGLI ANNI DEL KEMALISMO: ! UNO STUDIO DEL KADIN GAZETESI ! (1947-1950)! ! INDICE! ! ! INDICE DELLE TABELLE E DELLE FIGURE!! ! ! ! ! ! !1! INDICE DEGLI ALLEGATI!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !3! NOTE DI PRONUNCIA!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !5! ABSTRACT!!!!!!!!!!!!7! ! INTRODUZIONE!!!!!!!!!!!9! ! 1. QUESTIONI DI METODO E INDICAZIONI OPERATIVE!! ! ! ! ! 1.1 Sulla periodizzazione!!!!!!!!!15! 1.2 Sulle fonti!!!!!!!!!!19! 1.3 Approcci alla ricerca!!!!!!!!!28! 1.4 Quesiti di ricerca e possibili contributi!!!!!!30! ! 2. CENNI SUL DIBATTITO TURCO INTORNO AL CONCETTO DI “SOCIETÀ CIVILE”! ! 2.1. Alla ricerca del sivil toplum!!!!!!!! 33! 2.2. Il dibattito turco sul sivil toplum!!!!!!!40! 2.2.1. Sivil toplum versus stato !!!!!!!40! 2.2.2. Sivil toplum come espressione della classe di potere! !!54! ! Cenni sull’approccio gramsciano!! ! ! ! !54! ! !Brevi cenni sull’esperienza del pensiero gramsciano in Turchia 63! !!Un’alternativa all’impostazione dominante!!!!69! ! 3. FINE DI UN’EGEMONIA?!!!!!!!!! ! 3.1. Una premessa al contesto storico! !!!!! 85! 3.2. Tra califfato e repubblica!!!!!!!!87! 3.2.1. La periferizzazione dell’impero!! ! ! ! ! 88! 3.2.2. Verso la nascita della Repubblica!! ! ! ! ! 99! 3.3. Gli anni del partito unico (1925-1945) !!!!! 104! 3.3.1. La costruzione dell’egemonia di potere!!!! 104! 3.3.2.
    [Show full text]
  • (2012), Ss. 27-53
    Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2 (2012), ss. 27-53. OSMANLININ SON DÖNEMİNDE RİZE’DE SOSYAL HAYAT (1911-1913) Nebi Gümüş | Ümit Erkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Doç. Dr., İslam Tarihi | Arş. Gör., İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi Özet: Bu çalışma, 1911-1913 yıllarına ait kayıtları ihtiva eden 1509 nolu Rize Şer‟iyye Sicili ışığında Osmanlı Devleti‟nin son döneminde Rize‟de sosyal hayatla alâkalı bazı konulara temas etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede 19. yüzyıl sonu ile 20. yüzyıl başında Rize‟de aile yaşantısı, Müslüman toplum ile gayri- müslim kesimler arasındaki ilişkiler, ticari hayat ve miras taksiminin yanı sıra güvenlik sorunları gibi konular üzerinde durulmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Rize, Şer‟iyye Sicilleri, Tarih, Osmanlı, Aile, Hukuk Social Life in Rize at the Last Period of Ottomans (1911-1913) Abstract: This study aims to the findings about Rize‟s social life, relations between Muslim and the non-muslims, commercial life, the distribution of heri- tage and security problems in the light of Sharia Court Records numbered 1509 in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, which covers the dates between 1911 and 1913. Key words: Rize, Sharia Court Records, History, Ottoman, Family, Law. الحياة اﻻجتماعية في العهد العثماني اﻷخير في مدينة ريزة )1111-1111( الملخص هذي الدراست تهدف إلى التطزق لبعض المىضىعاث المتعلقت بالحياة اﻻجتماعيت في العهد العثماوي اﻷخيز في مديىت ريزة على ضىء السجﻻث الشزعيت الشاملت ما بيه 1111-1111للهجزة . وقد ارتكزث الدراست على بعض العىاويه في هذا اﻹطار مثل الحياة الزوجيت والحياة التجاريت والتقسيماث اﻹرثيت والمعامﻻث بيه المسلميه و غيز المسلميه باﻹضافت إلى المشكﻻث اﻷمىيت ما بيه أواخز القزن التاسع عشز و أوائل القزن العشزيه في مديىت ريزة.
    [Show full text]
  • Judicial Activism of the Shari'ah Appeals Court in Israel (1994-2001): Rise and Crisis
    Fordham International Law Journal Volume 27, Issue 1 2003 Article 10 Judicial Activism of the Shari’ah Appeals Court in Israel (1994 - 2001): Rise and Crisis Dr. Moussa Abou Ramadan∗ ∗ Copyright c 2003 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj Judicial Activism of the Shari’ah Appeals Court in Israel (1994 - 2001): Rise and Crisis Dr. Moussa Abou Ramadan Abstract The main thesis of this Article is that after 1994, with the nomination of new qadis to the Shari‘ah Court, a process of judicial activism began, which continues until this day. This process has been characterized by the qadis’ attempts to strengthen the position of the Shari‘ah Appeals Court. In some fields the qadis’ activism has been more successful than in others. Recently however, it seems that the Shari‘ah system is undergoing a crisis. The author will analyze the actions of the Shari‘ah Appeals Court on several parallel levels: (1) the strengthening of its position compared with those of the civil courts and the regional Shari‘ah Courts; and (2) a symbolic strengthening of its position in relation to (i) Israeli Law; (ii) the litigants and their attorneys; and (iii) the Muslim public. The author will then analyze the current crisis of the Shari‘ah system and the need for reform. The author will focus upon the internal dynamics of the Shari‘ah Court of Appeals, the interaction of its different actors, and suggest reforms to be made that will strengthen the legitimacy of its position in relation to the State of Israel and with the Muslim populous.
    [Show full text]
  • A Prolonged Abrogation? the Capitulations, the 1917 Law of Family Rights, and the Ottoman Quest for Sovereignty During World War 1
    International Journal of Middle East Studies (2020), 52, 245–260 doi:10.1017/S002074382000001X ARTICLE A Prolonged Abrogation? The Capitulations, the 1917 Law of Family Rights, and the Ottoman Quest for Sovereignty during World War 1 Kate Dannies1* and Stefan Hock2 1Global and Intercultural Studies, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA and 2Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; email: [email protected] *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The 1917 promulgation of a new Ottoman family law is recognized as a landmark moment in the history of Islamic law by scholars of women and gender in the Middle East. Yet the significance of the 1917 law in the struggle over religious jurisdiction, political power, and Ottoman sovereignty has been overlooked in the scholarship on both Ottoman legal reform and World War 1. Drawing on Ottoman Turkish, German, French, and English sources linking internal interpretations of the law and external reactions to its passage, we reinterpret adoption of the family law as a key moment in the geopolitics of World War 1. We demon- strate that passage of the law was a critical turning point in the wartime process of abrogating the capitula- tions and eliminating the last vestiges of legal extraterritoriality in the Ottoman Empire. The law is situated in its wartime political context and the geopolitical milieu of larger Europe to demonstrate that, although short- lived, the 1917 family law was a centerpiece of the wartime struggle to define extraterritorial rights of the Ottoman Empire, the Great Powers, and their protégés within the empire. Keywords: capitulations; extraterritoriality; Islamic law; Mecelle; Ottoman Law of Family Rights; sovereignty; Tanzimat; World War 1 On 9 September 1914, Ottoman grand vizier and foreign minister Said Halim Pasha announced the abro- gation of the capitulatory rights of foreign states in the Ottoman Empire, effective 1 October 1914.
    [Show full text]
  • Polygamy and Religious Polemics in the Late Ottoman Empire: Fatma Âliye and Mahmud Es‘Ad’S Ta‘Addüd-I Zevcât’A Zeyl
    Cihannüma Tarih ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi Sayı I/2 – Aralık 2015, 61-79 POLYGAMY AND RELIGIOUS POLEMICS IN THE LATE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: FATMA ÂLIYE AND MAHMUD ES‘AD’S TA‘ADDÜD-İ ZEVCÂT’A ZEYL Scott Rank* Abstract Although Ottomans accepted polygamy according to the tenets of Hanafi Islamic law, they argued over its social and legal aspects throughout the classical period. In the late 19th century these debates became explicitly connected to contemporary political events. Authors supported or opposed polygamy by referencing marriage and divorce rates in Europe, Protestant missionary activity in Africa, and their belief in the civilizational superiority of the Islamic world over the West. Polygamy was not only contested through modern politics. It was also discussed in light of the genre of Muslim religious polemics. In 1898 three modernist authors debated these issues in the journal Malûmât: Fatma Âliye, legal scholar Mahmud Es‘ad and Russian Muslim educator and reformer Ismail Gasprinskii. Their correspondence, entitled Ta‘addud̈ -i Zevcât’a Zeyl, deliberated polygamy with regarded to modernist political reform, European colonialism, capitulation agreements, and international trade. They also used arguments from anti- Christian religious polemics. By arguing these issues within the integrated field of religion, these authors used a Hamidian-era discourse describing an Islam compatible with Ottoman notions of modernity. Keywords: polygamy, religious polemics, marriage law, Ottoman Empire, modernization Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun Son Yıllarında Çokeşlilik ve Dinî Polemikler: Fatma Âliye ve Mahmud Es‘ad'ın Ta‘addüd-i Zevcât'a Zeyli Özet Osmanlılar Hanefi fıkhın ilkelerine göre çok eşliliği kabul etmelerine rağmen klasik dönem boyunca onun kurumsal ve yasal yönlerini tartışmışlardır.
    [Show full text]
  • T.C. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri
    T.C. NİĞDE ÖMER HALİSDEMİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ EĞİTİM BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRKÇE VE SOSYAL BİLİMLER EĞİTİMİ ANABİLİM DALI SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI BİLİM DALI ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ KADIN EĞİTİMCİLER (1923-1938) YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Hazırlayan Zübeyde RÜZGAR İLLER Niğde Kasım, 2018 iv v T.C. NİĞDE ÖMER HALİSDEMİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ EĞİTİM BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRKÇE VE SOSYAL BİLİMLER EĞİTİMİ ANABİLİM DALI SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI BİLİM DALI ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ KADIN EĞİTİMCİLER (1923-1938) YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Zübeyde RÜZGAR İLLER Danışman: Prof. Dr. Remzi KILIÇ Niğde Kasım, 2018 vi YEMİN METNİ i ONAY SAYFASI ii ÖZET YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ KADIN EĞİTİMCİLER (1923-1938) RÜZGAR İLLER, Zübeyde Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı Bilim Dalı Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Remzi KILIÇ Kasım 2018, 152 sayfa Tarih boyunca Türk kadınının toplumdaki statüsü çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı değişiklik göstermiştir. Eski Türk toplumlarında kadın saygın bir konumdayken, İslamiyet’in kabulüyle dinin yanlış yorumlanması, gelenek ve görenekler kadını toplumdan dışlamış ve evde eşinin ve çocuklarının bakımdan sorumlu tutmuştur. Atatürk Dönemi Kadın Eğitimcilerin, hangi çetin yollardan geçerek kendilerini yetiştirdiklerini ve yaşadığı topluma faydalı olmak için verdikleri mücadeleyi doğru değerlendirebilmek için gerileme sürecine giren Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Tanzimat Dönemi yeniliklerinin incelenmesi gerekmektedir. 1839 Tanzimat Fermanı’nın (Gülhane Hatt-ı Hümayun) yayımlanmasıyla siyasi, mali, idari, askeri ve eğitim gibi birçok alanda düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Bu düzenlemeler
    [Show full text]
  • Nations and Identities: the Case of Greeks and Turks
    E-Book Nations and Identities: The case of Greeks and Turks Hercules Millas 1/5/2010 1 2 Index Preface: Pages 5-8 History Textbooks in Greece and Turkey Published in HistoryWorkshop , UK, Spring 1991, Issue 31, pp. 21-33 Pages 9-19 The Contrasting Images of Greeks in Turkish Literature: Fiction versus Memoirs This article appeared originally and in a different version as: ‘The Image of Greeks in Turkish Literature: Fiction and Memoirs’, in Oil on Fire?, Studien zur Internationalen Schulbuchforschung, Schriftenreihe des Georg- Eckert-Instituts, Hanover: Verlag Hansche Buchhandlung, 1996. (8/2009) Pages 21-27 Tourkokratia: History and the Image of Turks in Greek Literature Published in South European Society and Politics, Routledge, Volume 11, Number 1, March 2006 (pp. 47-60). Also, in When Greeks Think About Turks – The view from Antropology , (Ed. D. Theodossopoulos), London & New York: Routledge, 2007. Papes 29-39 Greek-Turkish Conflict and Arsonist Firemen Published in New Perspectives On Turkey, Istanbul, Spring 2000, 22, pp. 173-184 Pages 41-48 History Writing among the Greeks and Turks: Imagining the Self and the Other Published in The Contested Nation – Ethinicity, Class, Religion and Gender in National Histories , Edit. Stefan. Berger and Chris Lorenz, Palgrave MacMillan, New York, 2008. Pages 49-64 Ethnic Identity and Nation Building: On Byzantine and Ottoman Historical Legacy Published in Europe and the Historical Legacies in the Balkans , Raymond Detrez and Barbara Sagaert (edit), Bruxells, Bern, Berlin, Frankfurt,New York, Oxford, Wien: P.I.E. Peter Lang, 2008, pp 17-30. (Presentation at the conference ‘The EU and the Historical Legacy in the Balkans’, University Centre St-Ignatius, Antwerp (UCSIA), November 16 th -17 th 2006) Pages 65-70 Perceptions of Conflict: Greeks and Turks in each other’s mirrors Published in In the Long Shadow of Europe, Greeks and Turks in the Era of Postnationalism, Edit by O.
    [Show full text]
  • THE OTHER EUROPEAN MUSLIMS a Bosnian Experience
    THE OTHER EUROPEAN MUSLIMS A Bosnian Experience THEFikret OTHER Karčić EUROPEAN MUSLIMS A Bosnian Experience Center for Advanced Studies, Sarajevo, 2015 www.cns.ba All rights reserved. Copyright ©2015 Fikret Karčić, Proofreader: Hikmet Karčić CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo 28-67(4) 28-12-9 KARČIĆ, Fikret studije = Center for Advanced Studies, 2015. - 216 str. : graf. prikazi ; 24 cm The Other European Muslims : a Bosnian experience / Fikret Karčić. - Sarajevo : Centar za napredne Bibliografija i bilješke uz tekst. ISBN 978-9958-022-19-7 COBISS.BH-ID 22557702 Fikret Karčić THE OTHER EUROPEAN MUSLIMS A Bosnian Experience Cover image: Scene from Sarajevo c. 1898; photograph by Ignatz Lederer. Courtesy by Archive of the Gazi Husrev-beg Library, Sarajevo. Publication of this book has been made possible through the support of the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). PREFACE This book includes eleven articles published in English by this author during the period between 1995- 2010. The articles were published in three journals with whom the author collaborated: Intellectual Dis- course, of the Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, where the author taught for almost nine years (1993-2002), Islamic Studies, of Islamic Research Institute, Islamabad (Pakistan), whose editor prof. Zafar Ish- aq Ansari long time ago initiated fruitful cooperation with the author as well as London-based The Islamic Quarterly, where the author pub- lished one article. Two articles were published as chapters in books related to Islam in Europe. The articles belong to three main areas of the author’s interest: Islamic studies, Islamic revival and institutions in Bosnia and Herzego- vina and historical destiny of the Balkan Muslims.
    [Show full text]