Sublime Landskap Vist Ved Kunsthuset Kabuso 05.06–29.08.2010 Sublime Landskap Sublime Landscapes Heidi Ann Jaeger Utstillingsleiar/Art Director, Kunsthuset Kabuso

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Sublime Landskap Vist Ved Kunsthuset Kabuso 05.06–29.08.2010 Sublime Landskap Sublime Landscapes Heidi Ann Jaeger Utstillingsleiar/Art Director, Kunsthuset Kabuso sublime landskap Vist ved Kunsthuset Kabuso 05.06–29.08.2010 sublime landskap sublime landscapes Heidi Ann Jaeger Utstillingsleiar/Art Director, Kunsthuset Kabuso I utstillinga Sublime Landskap vil Kabuso rette Kabuso’s summer exhibition focuses on the fokus mot Det Sublime som sidan opplysnings- aesthetic idea of the Sublime, an idea which has tida har vore eit omgrep innan det kunst- engaged artists since the Enlightenment. The faglege. Det sublime refererer gjerne til ein Sublime was often to be found in regions of over- overveldande natur. I Hardanger står den råe whelming natural grandeur, and in Hardanger og urørte natur en i kontrast til kulturlandska- we find such a landscape. Raw, unspoilt nature pet. Gjennom tre av J.C.Dahl sine elevar, Hans stands in dramatic contrast to the works of man. L.Reusch, Thomas Fearnley og Peder Balke ser Through the works of three apprentices of J.C. vi korleis den sublime naturen vert formidla Dahl, namely Hans L. Reusch, Thomas Fearnley gjennom måleri, og vidare blir fokus retta mot and Peder Balke, we see how the sublime power utfordringar det sublime skaper i dag. Gjennom of nature is communicated through art. We also dei monokrome bileta sine stiller Thomas Pihl focus on contemporary interpretations of the spørsmål som rører ved ein annan sublimitet Sublime. Thomas Pihl’s monochrome paintings enn romantikken sine kunst narar var opptekne provide different understandings of the Sublime av, og gjennom videoprojeksjonen News from the than those of the artists of the Romantic era. And Near Future ser vi korleis Fiona Tan kommen- in the video projection News from the Near Future terer dagens klimadebatt gjennom å vise oss kor we see how Fiona Tan contributes to today’s cli- øydeleggjande naturkatastrofane som rammar mate debate by showing us the destructive force verda kan vere. of natural disasters. Kabuso vil takke både Bergen Kunstmuseum og Kabuso would like to thank both Bergen Art Trondheim Kunstmuseum for utlån av verk, og Museum and Trondheim Art Museum for lending Thomas Pihl for eit spanande samarbeid i proses- us works, and Thomas Pihl for his co-operation sen fram mot denne utstillinga. in preparing this exciting exhibition. 5 Sublime Landskap Sublime Landscapes vene og sublime. Dette verket kan sjåast som eit the Sublime as an inherent element in the object, Det sublime står i eit skjeringspunkt mellom The Sublime is located at the point where man’s vendepunkt innan den klassiske estetikken, og not as a sensation in itself. In his opinion, man mennesket sine perseptuelle grenser og den perceptual limits meet the overpowering forces Burke les det sublime som eit ibuande element is guided by two emotions, pain and joy. These overveldande naturen. Omgrepet har blitt dis- of nature. The concept has been debated since i objektet, og ikkje som ein sensasjon i seg sjølv. emotions arise from our ambivalent relation- kutert sidan opplysningstida, og innanfor både the Enlightenment. Writers, composers and art- Han meiner at mennesket vert ført av to grunn- ship to the world. On the one hand there is an litteratur, visuell kunst og musikk har kunst narar ists have all contributed to the discussion. But leggjande lidenskapar: smerte og fryd, kjensler instinct for self-preservation and on the other arbeidd med, og utfordra, omgrepet. Men kva er what is the Sublime? The word is from the Latin, som spring ut av ulike delar av våre reaksjons- we are compelled by desire. eigentleg det sublime? Ordet stammar frå latin sublimis, meaning something that has been lifted mønster. På den eine sida vår naturbestemte og tyder noko som er løfta opp så høgt auget kan up as high as the eyes can see. One is transported sjølvbergingsdrift og på den andre sida den A similar psychological dichotomy can be found sjå. Det vert difor gjerne omsett til det opphøgde, into an exalted, overwhelming sphere that our mindre sjølvkontrollerte lysta vår. in the tension between Nietzsche’s concepts of oppløfta eller overveldande – noe vi ikkje greier senses are incapable of fully comprehending. the Dionysian and the Apollonian. The Apollo- å førestille oss. Det sublime ber med seg delar The encounter with the Sublime has psychologi- Desse ytterpunkta i kjensleapparatet vert knytt nian is associated with clean and symmetrical av denne kvaliteten, anten det er i ein psykisk, cal, moral, aesthetical or spiritual implications. til spaninga mellom det dionysiske og det apol- classicism and civilization; there is a clear and moralsk, estetisk eller i ein spirituell saman- It has personal and private consequences for the linske – mellom natur og kultur. Omgrepsparet disciplined beauty. In contrast, the Dionysian is heng, og vil dimed alltid vere av personleg og individual. har sidan Nietzsche gjennomsyra idéhistoria found in the dissolution of classic beauty, and privat karakter. vår, og det sublime kan knyttast til omgrepa. in fertility, wine, intoxication and wild land- In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Det apollinske vert gjerne sett i samband med scapes; we may experience horror and dread. På 1800- og 1900-talet vart det sublime assosiert Sublime was associated with man’s relationship den reine og symmetriske klassisismen, sivilisa- Nietzsche’s description of the Dionysian might med mennesket sitt samband med det storslåtte to the grandeur of nature. Romantic artists such sjonen, der det dionysiske er motpolen vi finn i help us to understand our experience of the Sub- i naturen. I den romantiske perioden er kunst- as William Turner painted sublime landscapes oppløysinga av klassisk venleik, og som er i råe lime. Our imagination is overwhelmed and we narar som William Turner kjend for romantiske with towering mountains, deep valleys and landskap, fruktbarheit, vin og rus. I det diony- find ourselves speechless. landskapsmåleri med eit sterkt fokus på sub- stormy oceans. We find a combination of awe siske finn vi eit ubehag gjennom skrekk og gys lime landskap, representert gjennom ruvande and profound respect. der det sublime sprengjer førestillingsevna vår In 1820, bishop Claus Pavels travelled through fjell, djupe dalar, stormfulle hav – djup vørdnad og gjer ord utilstrekkelege – som ein motsetnad Hardanger. He said this about the countryside blanda med otte. The Irish political philosopher Edmund Burke til det vakre, oversiktlege og disiplinerte som er around Lofthus: (1729–1797) attempted, in A Philosophical Enquiry å finne i det apollinske. I have seen little natural beauty on my journey – Den irske politiske filosofen Edmund Burke into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and the landscape is raw and uncultivated. (1729–1797) freista i verket sitt A Philosophical Beautiful (1757), to explain the psychological fac- Rundt 1820 var biskop Claus Pavels på reise i As we can see from this quote, values were some- Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime tors that cause human beings to be touched by Hardanger. Om landskapet i Lofthus uttalte han what different back then. Emotions, ecstasy and and Beautiful (1757) å forklare dei psykologiske the beautiful and the Sublime. His work marked Jeg haver under denne Reise seet lidet af Natur­ experiences that could be regarded as Dionysian faktorane som gjer at mennesket vert rørt av det a turning point in aesthetic theory. Burke views skiønnhed – Landskabet er raadt og udyrket. were contrasted with Reason, the Apollonian, 6 7 Som vi les ut av sitatet var normene på denne which was bound by culture. Cultivated, man- Dahl rådde han til å studere naturen nøye, og he had learned about technique and the use of tida noe annleis enn i dag. Kjensler, ekstase og made landscapes were the result of Reason. gjennom Fearnley sine naturstudiar kan vi sjå colour into his own original expression. He was opplevingar som kan karakteriserast som dio- They were unfavourably contrasted with wild, raske framsteg. Fearnley lærte mykje av Dahl, not as preoccupied with national traditions as nysiske, stod som motsetnad til fornufta, det virginal Nature, which was described as sublime. men etterlikna han ikkje. I staden omsette han Dahl was. His focus was on sublime nature and apollinske, som var kulturbunden. Kulturland- The western Norwegian landscape that failed to kunnskapen, teknikken og fargebruken til sitt the powerful emotions that it could evoke. Even skapet var eit resultat av fornuftsverksemd og impress the bishop was unmeasured, unbound- eige, nye uttrykk. Han var ikkje like oppteken av though Fearnley is known for his meticulously det menneskeskapte, i motsetnad til den ville ed and untamed. den nasjonale tradisjonen som Dahl var – men constructed motifs, he often exaggerates fea- og jomfruelege naturen som vart framheva som meir av den sublime naturen og dei store kjens- tures of the natural world. He did this in order sublim. Den sublime naturen var det landskapet The Apprentices of Dahl lene naturen kunne bringe fram hos mennes- to make an additional appeal to our emotions, som sprengte alle mål og grenser og som ikkje Hans Leganger Reusch (1800–1854) was an ket. Sjølv om Fearnley er kjend for sine sirlege so that we may have a sublime experience. He var tamd av menneska. apprentice of J.C.Dahl in Dresden around 1830. oppbygde motiv, overdriv han gjerne naturele- painted grandiose scenes; often heavy land- Reusch learned a lot of techniques from Dahl, menta i kunsten sin, så dei skal appellere ekstra scapes with exaggeratedly impressive trees, Dahlelevane but was not an especially original artist; he was til kjenslene våre og skape ei sublim oppleving. volcanoes or glaciers. Hans Leganger Reusch (1800–1854) gjekk i lære unable to translate technique into an expression Han måla store stemningar, ofte tunge landskap hjå J.C.Dahl i Dresden rundt 1830. Reusch er eit of his own. In spite of this, we can clearly see the med imponerande tre, pumpande vulkanar eller One of the other important, and maybe the døme på ein kunstnar som lærte mykje teknikk features of National Romanticism in his works.
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