Frege and Wittgenstein, in This Paper I Cast Doubt on This Claim About Influence
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The Method of Wittgenstein's Tractatus
The Method of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus: Toward a New Interpretation Nikolay Milkov, University of Paderborn, Germany Abstract This paper introduces a novel interpretation of Wittgenstein‘s Tractatus, a work widely held to be one of the most intricate in the philosophical canon. It maintains that the Tractatus does not develop a theory but rather advances an original logical symbolism, a new instrument that enables one to ―recognize the formal properties of propositions by mere inspection of propositions themselves‖ (6.122). Moreover, the Tractarian conceptual notation offers to instruct us on how better to follow the logic of language, and by that token stands to enhance our ability to think. Upon acquiring the thinking skills that one can develop by working with the new symbolism, one may move on and discard the notation—―throw away the ladder‖ (6.54), as Wittgenstein put it. 1. The New Wittgensteinians This paper introduces a novel interpretation of Wittgenstein‘s Tractatus. In the process, it takes issue with the New Wittgensteinians, in particular Cora Diamond and James Conant,1 who some twenty-five years ago fielded a comprehensive, essentially skeptical interpretation of the entire body of the Tractatus. Diamond and Conant argued that the core propositions of the Tractatus are literally nonsense, gibberish equivalent to phrases like ―piggly wiggle tiggle‖ (Diamond, 2000, p. 151). To be more explicit, Diamond and Conant defended their view that the book‘s core content is philosophically vacuous by arguing (i) that the Tractatus is divided into a body and a frame; (ii) that the Preface, 3.32–3.326, 4–4.003, 4.111–2 and 6.53–6.54 compose the frame (Conant 2001, p. -
Creativity in Nietzsche and Heidegger: the Relation of Art and Artist
Creativity in Nietzsche and Heidegger: The Relation of Art and Artist Justin Hauver Philosophy and German Mentor: Hans Sluga, Philosophy August 22, 2011 I began my research this summer with a simple goal in mind: I wanted to out- line the ways in which the thoughts of Friedrich Nietzsche and Martin Heidegger complement one another with respect to art. I had taken a few courses on each philosopher beforehand, so I had some inclination as to how their works might be brought into agreement. However, I almost immediately ran into difficulty. It turns out that Heidegger, who lived and thought two or three generations after Nietzsche, had actually lectured on the topic of Nietzsche's philosophy of art and had placed Nietzsche firmly in a long tradition characterized by its mis- understanding of art and of the work of art. This means that Heidegger himself did not agree with me|he did not see his thoughts on art as complementary with Nietzsche's. Rather, Heidegger saw his work as an improvement over the misguided aesthetic tradition. Fortunately for me, Heidegger was simply mistaken. At least, that's my thesis. Heidegger did not see his affinity with Nietzsche because he was misled by his own misinterpretation. Nevertheless, his thoughts on art balance nicely with those of Nietzsche. To support this claim, I will make three moves today. First, I will set up Heidegger's critique, which is really a challenge to the entire tradition that begins with Plato and runs its course up to Nietzsche. Next, I will turn to Heidegger's views on art to see how he overcomes the tradition and answers his own criticism of aesthetics. -
Wittgenstein's Wayward Student: the Unauthorized Autobiography
Wittgenstein’s wayward student: the unauthorized autobiography1 Annotated by Curtis Franks2 Note: Our hero has been confined until now to the space allotted him by other writers who only want to bounce their own ideas off of him because of their interest in the re- sulting trajectories. Quite reasonably he feels that he’s never been given a fair shake. His efforts to understand his critics turn up points where their arguments strike him as unconvincing or altogether absent. He delights in these discoveries, but his readers will see them instead as evidence of his own confusion and as clues to the sort of positions his critics adopt. When he meets another idealized character in Penelope Maddy’s Sec- ond Philosopher, he is intrigued by the difference in the treatment he receives. She raises many of the same questions that haunt him, the very considerations that others dismissed. But the answers she provides alienate him even more profoundly. Now that the impasse pervades everything from elementary logic to the higher infinite, new questions are met with a cool nonchalance. Struggling to fathom how she can carry on without the answers he seeks, he unwittingly reveals what sets the Second Philosopher’s position apart from related naturalistic accounts by chronicling how it leads him to confront the idleness of his demands. 1. First things I think the first thing you ought to know about me, if you’re going to appreciate much of what I have to say later on about my main scientific and philosophical agenda—the nature of logic and mathematics as it happens to be—is that I’m a lot older than I’m often made out to be. -
52 Philosophy in a Dark Time: Martin Heidegger and the Third Reich
52 Philosophy in a Dark Time: Martin Heidegger and the Third Reich TIMOTHY O’HAGAN Like Oscar Wilde I can resist everything except temptation. So when I re- ceived Anne Meylan’s tempting invitation to contribute to this Festschrift for Pascal Engel I accepted without hesitation, before I had time to think whether I had anything for the occasion. Finally I suggested to Anne the text of a pub- lic lecture which I delivered in 2008 and which I had shown to Pascal, who responded to it with his customary enthusiasm and barrage of papers of his own on similar topics. But when I re-read it, I realized that it had been written for the general public rather than the professional philosophers who would be likely to read this collection of essays. So what was I to do with it? I’ve decided to present it in two parts. In Part One I reproduce the original lecture, unchanged except for a few minor corrections. In Part Two I engage with a tiny fraction of the vast secondary literature which has built up over the years and which shows no sign of abating. 1. Part One: The 2008 Lecture Curtain-Raiser Let us start with two dates, 1927 and 1933. In 1927 Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf (volume II) was published. So too was Martin Heidegger’s magnum opus Being and Time. In 1933 two appointments were made: Hitler as Chancellor of the German Reich and Heidegger as Rector of Freiburg University. In 1927 it was a case of sheer coincidence; in 1933 the two events were closely linked. -
Austin Andrews Curriculum Vitae March 30Th, 2020 [email protected] Department of Philosophy Washington University, St
Austin Andrews Curriculum Vitae March 30th, 2020 [email protected] Department of Philosophy http://aandrews.net Washington University, St. Louis One Brookings Drive St. Louis, MO 63130 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Employment McDonnell Postdoctoral Fellow Philosophy, Neuroscience, Psychology Program, Washington University, St. Louis (2018 - present) Education University of California Berkeley PhD, Philosophy (August, 2017) University of California, Santa Barbara BA, Philosophy (2009, high honors, distinction in major) Areas of specialization Philosophy of mind, philosophy of perception, epistemology Areas of competence Philosophy of cognitive science, political philosophy, ancient Greek philosophy Publications Acquiring a concept of visual experience (The Philosophical Quarterly) Research Paper on spatiality and mind-independence in visual experience (title redacted, under review) Paper on how not to explain some visual illusions (title redacted, under review) Presentations Sense-data and visual phenomenology, Central APA, 2020 Sense-data and visual phenomenology, Philosurfer Convergance, San Diego, 2019 Acquiring a concept of visual experience, Central APA, 2019 The importance of illusion, Philosurfer Convergence, San Diego, California, 2018 The importance of illusion, Invited talk, Work in Progress Lunch Series, UC Berkeley, spring 2018 Acquiring a concept of visual experience, Philosurfer Convergence, Tofno, Canada, summer 2017 -
Introduction: Towards a Reconsideration of Neo-Kantianism Nicolas De Warren and Andrea Staiti
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03257-6 - New Approaches to Neo-Kantianism Edited by Nicolas De Warren and Andrea Staiti Excerpt More information Introduction: towards a reconsideration of Neo-Kantianism Nicolas de Warren and Andrea Staiti In the summer of 1914, T. S. Eliot arrived in Marburg from Harvard University to attend a summer course in philosophy before taking up residency at Merton College, Oxford, for a year of study with Harold Joachim, F. H. Bradley’s successor. At the University of Marburg, Eliot met Paul Natorp, who assisted him in finding affordable accommodation and lectured in his course on philosophy. The outbreak of the First World War would cut short Eliot’s stay in Marburg, but not before he had the chance to sketch a portrait of the venerable Neo-Kantian Professor. Natorp strikes a professorial pose, one arm tucked behind his back, the other slung across his waist. With elven ears and bald cranium, the philosopher appears endearing in his otherworldliness. Natorp’s face is hidden behind oval glasses, so large that they seem to constitute a hindrance rather than an aid to seeing reality. Eliot’s sketch can be seen as a visual epitome for how Neo-Kantianism appeared to a younger generation of intellectuals and philosophers who would come of age in the aftermath of a Europe laid waste through the cataclysm of the Great War. Eliot’s amusing sketch is an apt illustration for what Hans-Georg Gadamer, who wrote his PhD dissertation on Plato under Natorp in 1922, characterized as the Neo-Kantian “calm and 1 confident aloofness” engrossed in “complacent system-building.” With slightly more bite, Hannah Arendt charged Neo-Kantianism with drown- ing philosophy “in a sea of boredom,” thereby offering a softer version of the same hostility that spirited Martin Heidegger’s confrontation with 2 Ernst Cassirer at Davos in 1929. -
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Nordic Wittgenstein Review 1 (2012) INTERVIEW Analytical Philosophy and Its Forgetfulness of the Continent Gottfried Gabriel in conversation with Todor Polimenov POLIMENOV: In one of his essays, Michael Dummett defines analytic philosophy as post-Fregean philosophy (1977: 441). What he means by this is that for Frege, philosophy of language is the foundation of all philosophy. According to Frege (as is apparent especially in his way of approaching philosophy of mathematics), we can only properly analyze thoughts through the analysis of language. Elsewhere, Dummett states that Frege has been the first to rightly emphasize that we cannot have a thought without expressing it in language (1978: 116). Finally, in his book on the origins of analytic philosophy, he speaks of Frege’s legacy to analytic philosophy: the linguistic turn. This legacy, according to Dummett, consists not so much in the “details of Frege’s philosophy” (which have, among others, influenced Russell, Wittgenstein, and Carnap in many respects), but rather in a basic idea which Dummett summarizes as “the extrusion of thoughts from the mind” (1993: 22). Accordingly, already in his first book This conversation took place on May 14th, 2009 in Paris at the international conference “Carnap’s Ideal of Explication: Logic, Metalogic, and ‘Wissenschaftslogik’” (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne). It was first published as “Die analytische Philosophie und ihre Kontingentvergessenheit. Gottfried Gabriel im Gespräch mit Todor Polimenov” (in German, with a Bulgarian translation) in Critique & Humanism vol. 31, 1/2010, Special Issue: Analytic Philosophy. Guest editors: A. Beshkova, E. Latinov and T. Polimenov, pp. 8–35. 155 Gottfried Gabriel & Todor Polimenov BY-NC-SA on Frege, Dummett compared Frege’s place in the history of philosophy to the philosophical revolution that started with Descartes’ epistemological turn towards the subject (1973: 665 ff). -
Propositions, Functions, and Analysis This Page Intentionally Left Blank Propositions, Functions, and Analysis Selected Essays on Russell’S Philosophy
Propositions, Functions, and Analysis This page intentionally left blank Propositions, Functions, and Analysis Selected Essays on Russell’s Philosophy PETER HYLTON CLARENDON PRESS · OXFORD 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Peter Hylton 2005 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Biddles Ltd., King’s Lynn, Norfolk ISBN 0–19–928635–3 978–0–19–928635–5 13579108642 To the memory of Burton S. -
Interpretation: a Journal of Political Philosophy
Interpretation A JOURNAL J. OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY Fall 1998 Volume 26 Number 1 3 Cameron Wybrow The Significance of the City in Genesis 1-11 21 Robert D. Sacks The Book of Job: Translation and Commentary on Chapters 39-42 65 Andrew Reece Drama, Narrative, and Socratic Eros in Plato's Charmides 77 Mark Kremer Liberty and Revolution in Burke's Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol 99 Steven Berg Interpreting the Twofold Presentation of the Will to Power Doctrine in Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra Review Essays 121 Frank Schalow Heidegger, the Polity, and National Socialism 137 Bruce W. Ballard Whose Pluralism? Interpretation Editor-in-Chief Hilail Gildin, Dept. of Philosophy, Queens College Executive Editor Leonard Grey General Editors Seth G. Benardete Charles E. Butterworth * Hilail Gildin Robert Horwitz (d. 1987) Howard B. White (d. 1974) Consulting Editors Christopher Bruell Joseph Cropsey Ernest L. Fortin John Hallowell (d. 1992) Harry V. Jaffa David Lowenthal Muhsin Mahdi Harvey C. Mansfield Arnaldo Momigliano (d. 1987) Michael Oakeshott (d. 1990) Ellis Sandoz Leo Strauss (d. 1973) Kenneth W. Thompson International Editors Terence E. Marshall Heinrich Meier Editors Wayne Ambler Maurice Auerbach Fred Baumann Amy Bonnette Patrick Coby Elizabeth C de Baca Eastman - Thomas S. Engeman Edward J. Erler Maureen Feder-Marcus Pamela K. Jensen Ken Masugi Will Morrisey Susan Orr Charles T. Rubin Leslie G. Rubin Susan Meld Shell Bradford P. Wilson Michael P. Zuckert Catherine H. Zuckert Manuscript Editor Lucia B. Prochnow Subscriptions Subscription rates per volume (3 issues): individuals $29 libraries and all other institutions $48 students (four-year limit) $18 Single copies available. -
Warren Goldfarb, Notes on Metamathematics
Notes on Metamathematics Warren Goldfarb W.B. Pearson Professor of Modern Mathematics and Mathematical Logic Department of Philosophy Harvard University DRAFT: January 1, 2018 In Memory of Burton Dreben (1927{1999), whose spirited teaching on G¨odeliantopics provided the original inspiration for these Notes. Contents 1 Axiomatics 1 1.1 Formal languages . 1 1.2 Axioms and rules of inference . 5 1.3 Natural numbers: the successor function . 9 1.4 General notions . 13 1.5 Peano Arithmetic. 15 1.6 Basic laws of arithmetic . 18 2 G¨odel'sProof 23 2.1 G¨odelnumbering . 23 2.2 Primitive recursive functions and relations . 25 2.3 Arithmetization of syntax . 30 2.4 Numeralwise representability . 35 2.5 Proof of incompleteness . 37 2.6 `I am not derivable' . 40 3 Formalized Metamathematics 43 3.1 The Fixed Point Lemma . 43 3.2 G¨odel'sSecond Incompleteness Theorem . 47 3.3 The First Incompleteness Theorem Sharpened . 52 3.4 L¨ob'sTheorem . 55 4 Formalizing Primitive Recursion 59 4.1 ∆0,Σ1, and Π1 formulas . 59 4.2 Σ1-completeness and Σ1-soundness . 61 4.3 Proof of Representability . 63 3 5 Formalized Semantics 69 5.1 Tarski's Theorem . 69 5.2 Defining truth for LPA .......................... 72 5.3 Uses of the truth-definition . 74 5.4 Second-order Arithmetic . 76 5.5 Partial truth predicates . 79 5.6 Truth for other languages . 81 6 Computability 85 6.1 Computability . 85 6.2 Recursive and partial recursive functions . 87 6.3 The Normal Form Theorem and the Halting Problem . 91 6.4 Turing Machines . -
Frege in Context
British Journal for the History of Philosophy 9(3) 2001:557– 570 REVIEW ARTICLE FREGE IN CONTEXT Nikolay Milkov Gottfried Gabriel und Wolfgang Kienzler (eds). Frege in Jena. Beiträge zur Spurensicherung . (Kritisches Jahrbuch der Philosophie , Band 2). Würzburg, Königshausen & Neumann, 1997, pp.161. Pb. DM 28. ISBN 3826014405 Gottfried Gabriel und Uwe Dathe (eds). Gottlob Frege. Werk und Wirkung. Paderborn, Mentis, 2000, pp.313. Pb. DM 30. ISBN 3897850850 REWRITING FREGE’S BIOGRAPHY English-speaking philosophers know little about Frege’s life. In 1972 T. W. Bynum published ‘On the Life and Work of Gottlob Frege’, an introduction of fty-four pages to his translation of the Begriffsschrift , in which various facts about Frege’s life were cited. These notes are still being used as a guide to Frege’s biography today – as in Anthony Kenny’s recent book Frege (see Kenny 1995, p. 1 n.). Apparently, many writers on Frege have never heard about a complete revolution in investigating Frege’s biography that took place in the 1990s in Germany, falsifying almost every sentence in Bynum’s piece. The two volumes under review – I shall refer to them as Spurensicherung and Wirkung for brevity – which are the outcome of two symposia on Frege held at the University of Jena, form the pinnacle of this biographical makeover. Indeed, from 1979 on, four such symposia had already taken place in Jena, resulting in three volumes of proceedings in each of which new data pertaining to Frege’s biography were contained. What is new in 1 I use the term ‘East German’ here, following the tradition established during the Cold War, when Germany was divided into two parts, usually known in English as East and West Germany. -
Vienna Circle Institute Library
Vienna Circle Institute Library Volume 4 Series editor Friedrich Stadler University of Vienna, Institute Vienna Circle, Wien, Austria Institut Wiener Kreis Society for the Advancement of the Scientifi c World Conception Advisory Editorial Board: Ilkka Niiniluoto, University of Helsinki, Finland Jacques Bouveresse, Collège de France, Paris, Otto Pfersmann, Université Paris I Panthéon – France Sorbonne, France Martin Carrier, University of Bielefeld, Germany Miklós Rédei, London School of Economics, UK Nancy Cartwright, London School of Alan Richardson, University of British Economics, UK Columbia, CDN Richard Creath, Arizona State University, USA Gerhard Schurz, University of Düsseldorf, Massimo Ferrari, University of Torino, Italy Germany Michael Friedman, Stanford University, USA Peter Schuster, University of Vienna, Austria Maria Carla Galavotti, University of Bologna, Karl Sigmund, University of Vienna, Austria Italy Hans Sluga, University of California at Berkeley, Peter Galison, Harvard University, USA USA Malachi Hacohen, Duke University, USA Elliott Sober, University of Wisconsin, USA Rainer Hegselmann, University of Bayreuth, Antonia Soulez, Université de Paris 8, France Germany Wolfgang Spohn, University of Konstanz, Michael Heidelberger, University of Tübingen, Germany Germany Thomas E. Uebel, University of Manchester, UK Don Howard, University of Notre Dame, USA Pierre Wagner, Université de Paris 1, Sorbonne, Paul Hoyningen-Huene, University of Hanover, France Germany C. Kenneth Waters, University of Minnesota, USA Clemens Jabloner,