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1996 LRFD Glulam

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1996 LRFD Glulam SUPPLEMENT Structural Glued Laminated Timber LRFD LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN MANUAL FOR ENGINEERED WOOD CONSTRUCTION SUPPLEMENT Structural Glued Laminated Timber LRFD LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN MANUAL FOR ENGINEERED WOOD CONSTRUCTION Copyright © 1996 APA – The Engineered Wood Association Preface This supplement contains adjustment factors, dimen- The reference strengths were derived according to the sions, factored resistance, reference strengths and other principles of ASTM D5457-93, Standard Specification for properties required to design structural glued laminated Computing the Reference Resistance of Wood-based Ma- timber in the LRFD format. In this format, the term “re- terials and Structural Connections for Load and sistance” is used to refer to member capacities (i.e., Resistance Factor Design. moment resistance, compression resistance, etc.). This is The tabulated reference strength values are to be used distinct from the term “strength” which refers to limit state within the reference end-use conditions defined therein. material properties — conceptually a “factored allowable When the end-use conditions fall outside the range of the stress.” reference conditions, the reference values shall be adjusted The member resistance values tabulated in this by the product of applicable adjustment factors as defined supplement are to be used in conjunction with the in AF&PA/ASCE 16-95 and also provided in this supple- design methodologies provided in AF&PA/ASCE 16-95, Stan- ment. For unusual end-use conditions, the designer should dard for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) for consult additional literature for possible further adjust- Engineered Wood Construction. ments. APA/EWS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter/Title Page Chapter/Title Page 1. Designer Flowchart ................................................... 1 5. Capacity Selection Tables ............. 37 1.1 Flowchart 5.1 General 5.2 Factored Reference Bending Resistance, λφ λφ 2. Introduction to Structural bM, and Shear Resistance, vV Glued Laminated Timber ............................ 3 5.3 Reference Bending Stiffness, EI and 2.1 Products Description E05I 2.2 Common Uses 5.4 Factored Reference Tension Parallel λφ 2.3 Availability to Grain Resistance, tT 5.5 Factored Reference Compression λφ 3. Reference Strength and Parallel to Grain Resistance, cP Stiffness .................................................................................................. 7 3.1 General 6. Other Considerations ................................... 61 3.2 Reference Strength and Modulus of 6.1 General Elasticity 6.2 Specific Gravity 3.3 Reference Strength Due to 6.3 Moisture Expansion Straight-Tapered Cuts on the 6.4 Thermal Expansion Compression Face 6.5 Fire Considerations 3.4 Reference Radial Tensile Strength 7. Load and Span Tables .................................. 67 4. Design Adjustment Factors ............ 21 7.1 General 4.1 General 7.2 Load-Span Tables for Selected 4.2 Wet Service Factor, CM Bending Members 4.3 Temperature Factor, Ct 4.4 Preservative Treatment Factor, Cpt 8. Design Examples ........................................................ 77 4.5 Fire Retardant Treatment Factor, Crt 8.1 General 4.6 Beam Stability Factor, CL 4.7 Column Stability Factor, CP 9. Section Properties ............................................... 79 4.8 Volume Factor, CV 9.1 Cross-Sectional Properties 4.9 Curvature Factor, Cc 4.10 Flat Use Factor, Cfu LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Economical Spans for Glued Laminated Timber 3.4 Reference Radial Tensile Strength, Frt .............................. 19 Framing systems ............................................................................................... 5 4.1 Wet Service Factor for Glued Laminated 3.1 Reference Strength and Modulus of Timber, CM ........................................................................................................... 22 Elasticity for Glued Laminated Timber 4.2 Temperature Factor for Glued Laminated Used Primarily in Bending .................................................................. 9 Timber Exposed To Sustained Elevated 3.2 Reference Strength and Modulus of Temperature, Ct .............................................................................................. 22 Elasticity for Glued Laminated Timber 4.3 Preservative Treatment Effect on Glued Used Primarily in Axial Loading ............................................ 14 Laminated Timber ...................................................................................... 23 3.3 Reference Strength and Modulus of 4.4 Loading Condition Coefficients, K .................................... 24 Elasticity for Glued Laminated Timber L with Tapered Cuts on Compression Face ...................... 18 (Cont.) APA/EWS LIST OF TABLES (Cont.) 4.5 Exponents for Volume Factor Equation .......................... 24 6.1 Average Specific Gravity and Weight Factor ........... 62 4.6 Flat Use Factor, Cfu .................................................................................... 25 6.2 Coefficient of Moisture Expansion, eME, and Fiber Saturation Point, FSP, for Solid Woods ......... 63 4.7 Volume Factor for Bending about X-X Axis Western Species Glued Laminated Timber ................. 26 6.3 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, eTE, for Solid Woods ....................................................................................................... 64 4.8 Volume Factor for Bending about X-X Axis Southern Pine Glued Laminated Timber ....................... 32 6.4 Minimum Depths at Which Selected Beam Sizes λ φ Can Be Adopted for One-Hour Fire Ratings ............ 65 5.1 Factored Reference Resistance ( = 0.80, b = φ 0.85, v = 0.75) for Bending about X-X Axis 7.1 Design Loads for Simple Span Douglas Fir- Western Species Glued Laminated Timber ................. 39 Larch Glued Laminated Timber Beams ........................ 68 λ φ 5.2 Factored Reference Resistance ( = 0.80, b = 7.2 Design Loads for Simple Span Southern Pine φ 0.85, v = 0.75) for Bending about X-X Axis Glued Laminated Timber Beams ............................................. 72 Southern Pine Glued Laminated Timber ....................... 45 9.1 Section Properties Western Species Glued 5.3 Reference Stiffness for Bending about X-X Axis Laminated Timber ...................................................................................... 81 Western Species Glued Laminated Timber ................. 50 9.2 Section Properties Southern Pine Glued 5.4 Reference Stiffness for Bending about X-X Axis Laminated Timber ...................................................................................... 87 Southern Pine Glued Laminated Timber ....................... 56 APA/EWS LRFD STRUCTURAL GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER SUPPLEMENT 1 1 DESIGNER FLOWCHART 1.1 Flowchart 2 APA/EWS 2 DESIGNER FLOWCHART 1.1 Flowchart Structural Glued Laminated Timber Supplement End-Use Conditions No Consistent With Yes Reference Conditions(a) ? Load-Span Select a Trial Size(b) No Criteria Satisfied ? (Section 7) Yes Determine Factored Reference Use Load-Span Tables Resistances and Unfactored (Section 7) Stiffness (Section 5) Factored Reference No Resistances > No Factored Load Effects ? Yes Unfactored Stiffness > No No Unfactored Load Effects ? Yes Accept The Size (a) See Section 4. (b) Tables 3.1 and 3.2 provide reference strengths and MOE for various layup combinations. This information could be used in conjunction with Tables 5.1 through 5.4 to determine the trial size. APA/EWS LRFD STRUCTURAL GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER SUPPLEMENT 3 INTRODUCTION 2 TO STRUCTURAL GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER 2.1 Products Description 4 2.2 Common Uses 4 2.3 Availability 5 Table 2.1 Economical Spans for Glued Laminated Timber Framing Systems ..................................................... 5 APA/EWS 4 INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER 2.1 Products Description Structural glued laminated timber (glulam) is a struc- member is intended to be primarily loaded either axially tural member glued up from suitably selected and prepared or in bending with the loads acting parallel to the wide pieces of wood either in a straight or curved form with the faces of the laminations, a single grade combination is grain of all pieces essentially parallel to the longitudinal recommended. On the other hand, a multiple grade com- axis of the member. The reference strengths and resis- bination provides better cost-effectiveness when the tances given in this Supplement are applicable only to member is primarily loaded in bending due to loads ap- glued laminated timber members produced in accordance plied perpendicular to the wide faces of the laminations. with American National Standard for Wood Products — On a multiple grade combination, a glued laminated Structural Glued Laminated Timber, ANSI/AITC A190.1. timber member can be produced as either balanced or Glued laminated timber members are produced in unbalanced combination, depending on the arrangement laminating plants by gluing together dry lumber, normally of the laminations at the geometrical locations of the mem- of 2-in. or 1-in. nominal thickness, under controlled con- ber. A balanced combination is symmetrical about the ditions of temperature and pressure. Members with a wide mid-depth, so both faces have the same reference bending variety of sizes, profiles, and lengths can be produced strength. An unbalanced combination are asymmetrical having superior characteristics of strength, serviceability, and normally, when used as a beam, the face with a lower and appearance. Glued laminated timber
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