bbindex.indd 391 i n d e x . i n d d

3 9 1 backups, 315 BackupPC, 327–328 B auth daemon, 223 applications, 37 application , 2–3 APIC (AdvancedProgrammableInterrupt AoE (ATA over Ethernet), 146 Virtual AMD-V/SVM (Virtualization/Secure AFS, and, storagevirtualization 7 Adobe Acrobatreader, 64 administration, increasedcomplexity, 24 ACM (accesscontrolmodule), 261 access control, 260–261 A 64-bit kernels, 37 32-bit kernels, 37 BackupPC, 327–328 backups,starting 333–334 restoring frombackups, 335–337 adding tofilesystems, 167 policies ACM (accesscontrolmodule), 261 guestson64-bit paravirtualized restoring frombackups, 335–337 removing, 272 deploying files, 267–269 creating, 262–267 associating withdomainUguests, Controller), 92 Machine, akaPacifica), 36 269–270 hardware, 249

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL build--2.6.18-xen_PROCESSOR build environment checks, 64 bugs, 195–196 reporting, buffers, XenTrace, 194–195 bridged networking, 202, 203–206 Bridge Utilities, 62 branching, Mercurial and, 71 boot process, 91–93 boot options boot information, capturing, boot configuration, policy, 344 block-level storage, networked, 146 block devices blktap driver, 143 BIOS (BasicInput/OutputSystem) bcc compiler, 82 load, minimizing, 317 hosts, 328–329 filesystems over network, 324–327 DRBD and, 315 database volumes, 323 classes of, 315–316 shared, andLinux, 108 Linux, Xen-specific, 108 GRUB, 104–108 mounting/unmounting, 235–238 listing, 342–343 configuration, 341–342 and,system startup 88 initialization, 88 target, selecting, 316 SMB, 332–333 rsyncd, 329–332 rsync, 317–322 logical volumes, snapshotsand, starting backups,starting 333–334 directory, 78 102–104 322–324 Index 112/14/07 4:33:33 PM 2 / 1 4 / 0 7

4 : 3 3 : 3

3 Index

P M

xm delete, 348–349 C xm destroy, 349 C xm dmesg, 350 header files, 82 xm domid, 351 library files, 82 xm domname, 351 CDs, changing, 238–239 xm dry-run, 352 , 29 xm dump-core, 352–353 CIL (Common Intermediate Language), 3 xm dumppolicy, 353 cloning root filesystems, 157–160 xm getlabel, 353–354 cloop (Linux Compressed Loop Image), 167 xm help, 354 CLR (Common Language Runtime), 3 xm info, 354–355 CLVM (clustering logical volume xm labels, 355–356 manager), 145 xm list, 180, 300, 356–359 Combridge Ring and Distributed Computing xm loadpolicy, 359 System, 27 xm log, 360 command line xm makepolicy, 361 configuration information, 185 xm mem-max, 361 system information, 185 xm mem-set, 183–184, 233, 362 XenTop, 193 xm migrate, 362–363 commands xm network-attach, 363–364 cp, 158 xm network-detach, 365 fdisk, 151–152 xm network-list, 365–366 free, 234 xm new, 367 lomount, 170 xm pause, 298, 367 lsof, 221 xm reboot, 367 lvcreate, 154 xm rename, 368 mkdir, 158 xm resource, 368 mkfs, 155 xm restore, 368–369 mkpatches, 73 xm resume, 369 mkswap, 166–167 xm rmlabel, 370 mount, 157 xm save, 297, 370 netstat, 221 xm save-sub, 297 pvcreate, 153 xm sched-credit, 371 rsync, 158 xm sched-sedf, 372 vgdisplay, 154 xm serve, 372–373 xen-bugtool, 196 xm shell, 373 xm, 339 xm shutdown, 373–374 xm addlabel, 339–340 xm start, 374 xm block-attach, 235–236, 340–341 xm suspend, 374 xm block-configure, 341–342 xm sysrq, 375–376 xm block-detach, 342 xm top, 376 xm block-list, 342–343 xm trigger, 376 xm cfgbootpolicy, 267, 344 xm unpause, 376 xm console, 182–183, 300, 344–345 xm uptime, 376–377 xm create, 181, 345–347 xm vcpu-list, 377–378 xm create config-file, 130 xm vcpu-pin, 378 xm debug-keys, 348 xm vcpu-set, 379

392

bbindex.inddindex.indd 392392 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:344:33:34 PMPM domainU system Index xm vnet-create, 379–380 distribution-specific management software, xm vnet-delete, 380 197 xm vnet-list, 380 Fedora/ tools, 198–199 xm vtpm-list, 380–381 Novell/SUSE Xen tools, 199 compiling, Xen, 84–85 distribution-specific Xen packages, 65–67 configuration files documentation, virtual machines, 284–287 HVM, creating, 131–133 domain0 system, 32 paravirtualized virtual machines, creating, connectivity, troubleshooting, 225 124–126 Ethernet cards, multiple, 213 reference, 384–390 hiding PCI devices, 109–115 troubleshooting, 135–137 kernel, different in different domains, configuration information, command line, 248–249 185 memory, controlling use, 232–233 console memory allocation, 232 attaching to, 344–345 memory management, 231–234 connecting /disconnecting, 182–183 multiple, 148–149 cow (copy on write) format, 167 single domain0 system, configuration, cp command, 158 147–148 CPU, host system hardware requirements, 58 time synchronization, 247–248 cupsd daemon, 223 VLANs, 216–217 Curses domains header files, 82 creating, based on configuration file, library files, 82 345–347 guest, hardware, dedicated, 239–247 HVM, starting manually, 133–134 hypercalls, 33 D IDs, converting to domain names, 351 database volumes, backups, 323 list information, 356–359 systems, root filesystems, 160–161 memory, dumping, 352–353 debootstrap, root filesystems, 160–161 names, convert to domain ID, 351 debugging physical resources, identifying, 133 reporting bugs, 195–196 security labels, 339–340 xm debug-keys command, 348 display, 353–354 , 3 starting automatically, boot time, DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol), 134–135 218–220 state, 297–298 DHCP server, NAT networking and, 206 terminating, immediately, 349 directories testing, access resources, 352 build-linux-2.6.18-xen_PROCESSOR, 78 Xend domain management, removing from, linux-2.6-xen-sparse, 78 348–349 linux-2.6.18-xen, 78 xend script, 134 pristine-linux-2.6.18, 78 xendomains script, 134 disk, host system hardware requirements, 58 XenTop, 192–194 disk images, 142–143 domainU system, 32 file portability, 143 access control policies, 269–270 memory, 143 block devices, mounting/unmounting, QEMU, 167–168 235–238

393

bbindex.inddindex.indd 393393 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:344:33:34 PMPM domainU system (continued)

domainU system (continued) connectivity, troubleshooting, 225 F filesystems, 147 fdisk command, 151–152 graphics Fedora systems SDL consoles, 250–251 management software, 198–199 VNC console, 250–251 root filesystems, 161–162 kernel, different in different domains, 248–249 filesystems, 37 memory management, 231–234 applications, adding, 167 migrating between domain0 hosts, 148 backups over network, 324–327 networking, startup parameters, 210–212 consistency paravirtualized guests, installing, 169–170 automating VM checks, 295–297 PCI devices, dedicated, 240 shutdown/startup and, 293–295 sound, 247 creating time synchronization, 247–248 in image files, 155–157 TPM (Trusted Platform Module), 280–281 in logical volumes, 155–157 USB devices, 241 in partitions, 155–157 HVM guests, 242–246 disk images and, 142–143 network and, 246–247 Ext2, 142 partitions, 242 Ext3, 142 pointer devices, 241 Ext4, 142 vTPM, 280–281 FAT, 142 downloading file portability, 143 source code, tarballs, 70 GFS, 142 Xen, from binaries, 65–69 HFS, 142 DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block HFS+, 142 Devices), 145 image files, creating, 150 backups and, 315 information, 127–128 DRM (Digital Rights Management), 272 initial, creating, 129–130 DVDs, changing, 238–239 JFS, 142 kernel modules, integrating loadable, 126–127 E local, 142, 143 logical volumes, creating, 152–155 EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Lustre, 142 Computer), 27 memory, 143 emulation, software, 53 minimal, manually creating, 166 Microsoft Virtual PC, 54 network filesystems, 145–146 QEMU, 55–56 NFS, 148 emulation approach to virtual systems, 15 NTFS, 142 Enlightenment Sound Daemon, 247 OCFS2, 142 Enomalism, 197 open-source, 142 Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 sound card, 247 OpenAFS, 142 environment, build environment checks, 64 partitions, 143 Epilog, 311 creating, 150–152 error messages, 136 Reiser4, 142 Ethernet, cards, multiple, 212–213 ReiserFS, 142 EVMS (Enterprise Volume Management root, creating, 157–166 System), 145 sample filesystem images

394

bbindex.inddindex.indd 394394 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:344:33:34 PMPM process Index FreeOsZoo, 120 guest OS, 5 Jailtime.org, 121–122 guest OS approach to virtual systems, 12 rBuilder, 122–124 storage and, 142 supported, 142 swap, creating, 166–167 H XFS, 142 hardware free command, 234 guest domains, 239–247 FreeOsZoo, 120 IOMMU, 240 .cfg, 131 reduction in costs, 16 acpi entry, 132 requirements, 57–58 boot entry, 132 host system, 58–59 builder entry, 131 virtual machines and, 59–61 device_model entry, 132 virtualization advantages and, 15–16 disk entry, 132 hardware RAID, 144 kernel entry, 131 , 6 memory entry, 131 history of Xen, 27–28 name entry, 132 host system, hardware requirements, 58–59 serial entry, 132 hosts, backups, 328–329 shadow_memory entry, 132 HVM (hardware ) usb entry, 132 configuration files, creating, 131–133 usbdevice entry, 132 defining, 131–134 vif entry, 132 domains, starting manually, 133–134 FreeVPS, 40 graphical display, 132 FSTYPE, 236 guest systems partitions, 143 USB devices, 242–246 requirements, 120 G starting, 131–134 GFS, storage virtualization and, 7 hypercalls, 33 GNBD, 146 , 5, 32 GNOME, GStreamer package, 247 boot process, 92 GNU initialization process, 91–92 binutils, 82 interacting with, 33 compiler collection, 82 scheduling, 33–34 make, 82 hypervisor approach to virtual systems, graphics 12–13 domainU guests SDL consoles, 250–251 VNC consoles, 250–251 graphical consoles, connecting to, 251–252 I GRUB (Grand Unified Boot Loader), 62, 88–91 IBM developerWorks, 38 configuration, boot options for Xen hypervisor, image files 104–108 creating, 150 configuration files, 90 filesystems, creating, 155–157 serial output, 102 mounting, 157 stage 1.5 boot loaders, 89 init binary, 96 guest domains, hardware, dedicated, 239–247 init process, 96

395

bbindex.inddindex.indd 395395 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:354:33:35 PMPM initial fi lesystem

initial filesystem creating, 129–130 L mkinitramfs, 130 labels, security, 339–340 yaird, 130 LaTeX, 83 initial RAM disk (Apple), 96 creating, 129–130 legacy software, 4 mkinitrd, 129 LEO (Lyons Electronic Office), 27 initialization process, 91–93 libsdl, 63 SysVInit, 98–99 libvncserver, 63 , 99–101 lifecycle management, 260 , 96 Linux initramfs (initial RAM filesystem), 94 boot options, Xen-specific, 108 initrd (initial RAM disk), 94 bridge-utils package, 4 installation, Xen, 85–86 kernel distribution-specific packages, 65–67 patching, 72–74 from binaries, 65–69 Xen support, 78–80 Intel VT (Virtualization Technology, aka Logical Volume Manager, 322 Vanderpool), 36 memory use, 233–234 Internet resources, 38–39 server, virtualization, 6–7 IOMMU (I/O Device Memory shared boot options, 108 mapping), 240 system run levels, 97–98 IProute, 62 system startup, 96–97 iSCSI (Internet Small Computer Systems Linux Terminal Server, 3 Interface), 146 Linux Trivial Database, 186 Linux Virtualization Wiki, 39 linux-2.6-xen-sparse directory, 78 J linux-2.6.18-xen directory, 78 Linux-VServer, 41–42 Jailtime.org, 121–122 LKMs (loadable kernel modules), 118 local filesystems, 143 log files messages, testing, 305–306 K virtual machines KDE, artsd (analog Real time syslog-ng, 306–307, 307–309 synthesizer), 247 syslogd, 301–303 kernel syslogd/sysklogd, 303–306 Linux, Xen support, 78–80 Windows systems, 309–311 loading, 93–96 Windows systems, 309–311 modules, loadable, integrating into filesystem, Xen daemon, 179–180 126–127 logical volumes, 144–145 version string, 127 backups, snapshots and, 322–324 Xen-enabled, 118 CLVM (clustering logical volume manager), 145 kernel-level approach to virtual systems, 13 creating, 152–155 kernel-level virtualization, 6 DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block KPDF, 64 Devices), 145 KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine), 4, 6, 40–41 EVMS (Enterprise Volume Management KVM development mailing list, 41 System), 145

396

bbindex.inddindex.indd 396396 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:354:33:35 PMPM Novell SUSE Linux systems Index filesystems, creating, 155–157 mount command, 157 LVM (logical volume management), 145 mounting LVM2, 145 block devices, 235–238 mounting, 157 image filfes, 157 storage virtualization and, 7 logical volumes, 157 lomount command, 170 partitions, 157 lsof command, 221 lvcreate command, 154 LVM (logical volume management), 145 LVM2, 145 N NAT networking, 202, 206–207 DHCP server and, 206 NBD, 146 M netstat command, 221 MAC addresses, 4 network filesystems, 145–146 machine virtualization, 4–7 GFS, 146 Makefile, 73 Lustre File System, 146 management software, distribution- NFS, 146 specific, 197 OpenAFS, 146 Fedora/Red Hat tools, 198–199 Oracle Cluster File System, 146 Novell/SUSE Xen tools, 199 , 3–4 management utilities, open source, 196–197 network-bridge script, 204 Mandriva, Xen and, 67 network-route script, 208 MBR (Master Boot Record), 88 networked block-level storage, 146 memory networking adjusting, 183–184 bridged, 202, 203–206 domain0 systems, 231–234 Ethernet cards, multiple, 212–213 domainU systems, 231–234 log messages, 301–307 host system hardware requirements, 58 NAT, 202, 206–207 Linux, 233–234 parameters, 208–210 virtual machines, 59 domainU networking, 210–212 virtual memory, 2 routed, 202, 207–208 Mercurial, 71–72 troubleshooting, 225–230 Microsoft Virtual PC, 54 USB devices, 246–247 , 4, 42–43 virtual LANs, Xen guests and, 215–217 migrating virtual machines, availability and, vnets, 217 298–301 networks minimal filesystems, manually creating, 166 complexity, 23 mkdir command, 158 debugging time, 23 mkfs command, 155 hardware issues, 60 mkinitramfs, 130 per-server network congestion, 23 mkinitrd, initial RAM disks, 129 NFS filesystems, 148 mkpatches command, 73 root filesystem creation, 165–166 mkswap command, 166–167 NoMachine’s NX, 3 MLN (Manage Large Networks), 197 Novell SUSE Linux systems motherboard, host system hardware management software, 199 requirements, 58 root filesystems, 162–165

397

bbindex.inddindex.indd 397397 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:354:33:35 PMPM ntp daemon

ntp daemon, 223 swap partitions, 166–167 NTsyslog, 309–311 USB devices, 242 NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory patch utility, 82 Access), 105 patches, source code, 73 PCI devices backend driver, 109 dedicated, domainU guests, 240 O hiding from domain0, 109–115 omad daemon, 223 kernel command-line arguments, 112 open source management utilities, 196 loadable kernel module, 112–115 Enomalism, 197 pciback, 109 MLN (Manage Large Networks), 197 pciback driver OpenQRM, 197 compiling into domain0, 109 XenMan, 197 loading, 110–111 OpenQRM, 197 per-server network congestion, 23 OpenSUSE, Xen and, 67 performance issues, 22–23 OpenVirtualization.com, 39 XenPerf, 191–192 OpenVZ/Virtuozzo, 43–44 performance monitoring, XenMon, virtualization, 9–10 188–191 paravirtualized systems, 36 physical partitions, creating, 150–152 operating systems, schedulers, 34–35 point of failure problems, 21–22 OS (operating system), guest OS, 5 ports, open, listing, 221 Predictive Self-Healing architecture (Sun), 96 pristine-linux-2.6.18 directory, 78 P processors, virtual machines, 59 protected mode, 30 PAE (Physical Address Extensions), 36 pvcreate command, 153 , 4, 44–45 PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine), 5 paravirt ops, 46 pygrub, 171–173 paravirtualized systems, 36 Python, 62, 82 guest domains header files, 82 initial RAM disk, 118 Python Logging, 63 initial RAM filesystem, 118 PyXML, 62 LKM (loadable kernel modules), 118 RFS (root filesystem), 118 swap files, 118 Xen configuration file, 119 Q Xen-enabled kernels, 118 qcow (QEMU copy on write), 167 starting, manually, 130–131 QEMU, 55–56 paravirtualized virtual machines, creating -img, 168–169 configuration files, 124–126 sound and, 247 partitions QEMU disk images, 167–168 creating, 150–152 creating, 168–169 filesystems, 143 Xen kernel, pygrub and, 171–173 creating, 155–157 Xen kernel installation, 170–171 HVM guest systems, 143 qemu-img, parameters, 168 mounting, 157 Qumranet’s KVM wiki, 41

398

bbindex.inddindex.indd 398398 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:364:33:36 PMPM software Index rsync command, 158, 317–322 R rsyncd, backups, 329–332 RAID, 144 arrays, 144 hardware RAID, 144 S levels, 144 storage virtualization and, 7–8 sample filesystem images RAM disk FreeOsZoo, 120 initial, 118 Jailtime.org, 121–122 comparing, 95–97 rBuilder, 122–124 creating, 129–130 SAN (Storage Area Network) solutions, 146 loading, 94–95 SCHED_BATCH, 34 loading, 93–96 SCHED_INFO, 34 RAM filesystem SCHED_NORMAL, 34 comparing, 95–97 SCHED_RR, 34 initial, 118 scheduling loading, 94–95 hypervisor, 33–34 raw format (QEMU), 167 operating system schedulers, 34–35 rBuilder, 122 SDL (Simple DirectMedia Layer) images, building, 123–124 domainU, graphics, 250–251 output formats, 123 header files, 82 real mode, 30 library files, 82 Red Hat systems SearchServerVirtualization.com, 39 management software, 198–199 security, 260–261 root filesystems, 161–162 security labels, xm addlabel command, Remote Desktop, 3 339–340 resources sendmail daemin, 223 labeling, 270–272 SERC Common Base Platform, 27 security labels, 339–340 server sharing, 22–23 RFS (root filesystem), 118 server virtualization, 4–7 RHEL (), Xen and, 67 shared kernel approach to virtual systems, root filesystems, creating 11–12 cloning, 157–160 Simple Watchdog, 312 Debian/ systems, 160–161 Simple Watcher of Logfiles, 312 debootstrap, 160–161 single domain0 system, configuration, Fedora systems, 161–162 147–148 NFS, 165–166 SLES (SUSE Enterprise Linux Server), Xen and, Novell SUSE Linux systems, 162–165 67 Red Hat systems, 161–162 SMB, backups, 332–333 rpm, 161–162 SMF (Service Management Facilities), Sun, 96 YaST2, 162–165 SMM (system management mode), 30 yum, 161–162 snapshots, logical volume backups, 322–324 routed networking, 202, 207–208 SNARE (System iNtrusion Analysis and rPath, 122 Reporting Environment), 311 images, locating, 122–123 software rpc.statd daemon, 223 emulation, 53 rpcbind daemon, 223 Microsoft Virtual PC, 54 rpm command, 161–162 QEMU, 55–56

399

bbindex.inddindex.indd 399399 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:364:33:36 PMPM software (continued)

software (continued) SSL Cryptographic Libraries, 62 requirements , 63 bcc compiler, 82 zlib, 63 C library header files, 81 sound, domainU guests, 247 C library object files, 81 source code Curses header files, 81 building Xen from, software requirements, Curses library files, 81 80–83 GNU binutils, 81 kernel, configuring, 74–78 GNU compiler collection, 81 Mercurial, 71–72 GNU make, 81 patches, 73 LaTeX, 83 tarballs, downloading, 70 patch utility, 82 vanilla Linux kernel, patching, 72–74 Python, 82 ssh daemon, 223 Python header files, 82 SSL Cryptographic Libraries, 62, 82 SDL header files, 82 SSL header files, 82 SDL library files, 82 startup information, capturing, SSL cryptographic libraries, 82 102–104 SSL header files, 82 startup scripts TeX, 83 xend, 101 Transfig, 83 xendomains, 102 X Window header files, 82 storage, 142 X Window system libraries, 82 block-level, networked, 146 zlib cryptographic libraries, 82 logical volumes, 144–145 zlib header files, 82 RAID, 144 virtualization storage virtualization, 7–9 FreeVPS, 40 AFS and, 7 KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine), GFS and, 7 40–41 swap files, 118 Linux-VServer, 41–42 swap filesystems, 166–167 Microsoft Virtual Server, 42–43 swap partitions, 166–167 OpenVZ/Virtuozzo, 43–44 symbolic links, 134 Parallels workstation, 44–45 sysklogd, networked log message targets, paravirt ops, 46 303–306 UML (User-mode Linux), 46 syslog-ng , 47 message targets, 307–309 VirtualBox, 47–49 networked log messages, 306–307 VMware, 49–52 syslogd Win4Lin, 52 networked log message targets, Xen and, 61 303–306 Bridge Utilities, 62 networked log messages, 301–303 GRUB (Grand Unified Boot Loader), 62 system information, command line, 185 IProute, 62 system shutdown, filesystem consistency and, libsdl, 63 293–295 libvncserver, 63 system-level virtualization, 9–10 Python, 62 SysVInit package, 96 Python Logging, 63 run levels, 97–98 PyXML, 62 system initialization, 98–99

400

bbindex.inddindex.indd 400400 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:374:33:37 PMPM virtual memory Index partitions, 242 T pointer devices, 241 tarballs, downloading, 70 tdbdump, 187 tdbtool, 187 V telnet daemon, 223 Terminal Server, 3 vgdisplay command, 154 TeX, 83 vif-bridge script, 205 TheFreeCountry.com, 39 vif-route script, 208 TPM (Trusted Platform Module), 272 vifDomID.interface, 203 domainU guest, 280–281 virtual block devices emulator, starting, 276–277 creating, 340–341 troubleshooting, 281 destroy, 342 vTPM manager, running, 276 Virtual Iron, 4, 47, 69 Transfig, 83 virtual machines troubleshooting AMD-V/SVM, 36 configuration files, 135–137 centralized warning systems, 311–315 networking, 225–230 deployment TPM (Trusted Platform Module), 281 automation and, 287–289 virtual machine startup, 137–138 xendomains script and, 289–293 virtual machines, 138–140 documentation, 284–287 Trusted Computing, 272–274 guest systems, 36–37 support, 274–276 hardware issues, 59 tools, 274–276 memory, 59 Trusted Computing Group, 272 networks, 60 Trusted Computing Platform Alliance, 272 processors, 59 TWM window manager, 3 storage, 60–61 hypervisor, 5 image files, creating, 150 information, xm command, 180–181 U Intel VT, 36 Ubuntu Linux, Xen and, 67 logging Ubuntu systems, root filesystems, 160–161 syslog-ng, 306–307, 307–309 UCSD P-System, 3 syslogd, 301–303 UCSD Pascal compiler, 3 syslogd/sysklogd, 303–306 udev, 63 Windows systems, 309–311 udev system, troubleshooting and, 139 logical volumes, creating, 152–155 UK-EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences memory, adjusting, 183–184 Research Council of the UK), 28 migrating, availability and, 298–301 UML (User-Mode Linux), 4, 6, 46 partitions, creating, 150–152 uname -r command, 127 resources, labeling, 270–272 unmounting, block devices, 235–238 starting, xm command, 181–182 upstart, 96 startup, troubleshooting, 137–138 initialization, 99–101 troubleshooting, 138–140 USB devices, domainU guests, 241 VNC sessions, 132–133 HVM guests, 242–246 Xen support, 35–37 network and, 246–247 virtual memory, 2

401

bbindex.inddindex.indd 401401 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:374:33:37 PMPM virtual network interface

virtual network interface, 202 XenSource, 52–53 Virtual PC, 4 storage virtualization, 7–9 virtual systems system-level, 9–10 emulation, 15 VLANs (virtual LANs), 215–217 guest OS approach, 12 domain0 systems, 216–217 hypervisor approach, 12–13 Xen guests and, 215–217 kernel-level approach, 13 vmdk, 167 shared kernel approach, 11–12 VMware, 4, 49–52 VirtualBox, 47–49 VNC (Virtual Network Computing), 3 virtualization domainU, graphics, 250–251 advantages graphical console, connecting to, capacity extension, 18 251–252 failure recovery, 18 sessions, virtual machines, 132–133 hardware, 15–16 VNC X server IT infrastructure, 16–17 configuration, 257–258 legacy applications, 18–19 starting, 257–258 legacy systems, 18–19 X11 and, 258–259 system administration, 17 vnets, 217 system installation and deployment, 20 vTPM manager system-level development, 19 domainU system, 280–281 testing, 20–21 running, 276 uptime, 18 starting, 277–279 application virtualization, 2–3 support, guest domains and, 279–280 candidates for, identifying, 24–26 desktop virtualization, 3 , 5 hardware virtualization, 6 W introduction, 2 Wikipedia, 39 kernel-level virtualization, 6 Win4Lin, 52 Linux server, standardizing, 6–7 Windows systems, system logging, 309–311 machine virtualization, 4–7 network virtualization, 3–4 operating system virtualization, 9–10 X reasons for, 10–11 server virtualization, 4–7 X Window System, 3 software, 39–40 header files, 82 FreeVPS, 40 libraries, 82 KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine), 40–41 paravirtualized guests Linux-VServer, 41–42 graphical console, 252–254 Microsoft Virtual Server, 42–43 virtual frame buffer, 252, 254–257 OpenVZ/Virtuozzo, 43–44 VNC-aware X server, 252 Parallels workstation, 44–45 paravirt ops, 46 overview, 29–32 UML (User-mode Linux), 46 protection levels, 30–31, 31–32 Virtual Iron, 47 x86Virtualization blog, 39 VirtualBox, 47–49 XDMCP, 3 VMware, 49–52 Xen Win4Lin, 52 boot stanzas, 91

402

bbindex.inddindex.indd 402402 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:374:33:37 PMPM xendomains script Index building from source code, software virtual network, non-routable subnets, requirements, 80–83 213–215 compiling, 84–85 Xen information, distribution-specific, 38 downloading, from binaries, 65–69 Xen mailing lists, 38 history of, 27–28 XEN setting, 76 installing, 85–86 Xen virtual machine monitor, 28 from binaries, 65–69 Xen virtualization, overview, 29–32 packages, distribution-specific, 65–67 Xen Wiki, 38 system startup, 87–88 xen-bugtool command, 196 BIOS and, 88 XEN_BACKEND setting, 76 GRUB and, 88 XEN_BLKDEV_BACKEND setting, 76 virtual machines, supported, 35–37 XEN_BLKDEV_FRONTEND setting, 76 Xen daemon XEN_BLKDEV_TAP setting, 76 configuration, 176 XEN_COMPAT_030002_AND_LATER API Server, 176 setting, 76 console buffer size, 177 XEN_COMPAT_030004_AND_LATER domain0 CPUs, 177 setting, 76 domain0 minimum memory, 177 XEN_COMPAT_LATEST_ONLY setting, 76 enable core dumps, 177 XEN_DISABLE_SERIAL setting, 76 HTTP address, 177 XEN_FRAMEBUFFER setting, 76 HTTP Port, 177 XEN_INTERFACE_VERSION setting, 77 HTTP Server, 177 XEN_KEYBOARD setting, 77 log file name, 177 XEN_NETDEV_BACKEND setting, 77 log level, 177 XEN_NETDEV_FRONTEND setting, 77 migration tool, 178 XEN_NETDEV_LOOPBACK setting, 77 network configuration script, 177 XEN_NETDEV_PIPELINED_TRANSMITTER relocation hosts, 178 setting, 77 relocation port, 178 XEN_PCIDEV_BACKEND setting, 77 relocation server, 178 XEN_PCIDEV_BACKEND_CONTROLLER socket location, 178 setting, 77 UNIX server, 178 XEN_PCIDEV_BACKEND_PASS setting, 77 virtual interface script, 178 XEN_PCIDEV_BACKEND_SLOT setting, 77 VNC interface, 178 XEN_PCIDEV_BACKEND_VPCI setting, 77 VNC password, 178 XEN_PCIDEV_BE_DEBUG setting, 77 XMLRPC address (TCP), 179 XEN_PRIVCMD setting, 77 XMLRPC certificate (TCP), 179 XEN_PRIVILEGED_GUEST setting, 77 XMLRPC key file (TCP), 179 XEN_SCRUB_PAGES setting, 78 XMLRPC port (TCP), 179 XEN_SMPBOOT setting, 78 XMLRPC port (UNIX), 179 XEN_SYSFS setting, 78 XMLRPC server (TCP), 179 XEN_TPMDEV_BACKEND setting, 78 XMLRPC server (UNIX), 179 XEN_UNPRIVILEGED_GUEST setting, 78 log files, 179–180 XEN_XENBUS_DEV setting, 78 message buffer, read, 350 xenbaked daemon, 188 Xen domains, 32 XenBus, 186 consoles, connecting/disconnecting, xend script, 101, 134 182–183 xendomains script, 102, 134 Xen guests deployment and, 289 virtual LANs and, 215–217 shutdown sequence, 292–293

403

bbindex.inddindex.indd 403403 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:384:33:38 PMPM xendomains script (continued)

xendomains script (continued) xm create config-file command, 130 startup sequence, 291–292 xm debug-keys command, 348 VM migration, 291 xm delete command, 348–349 VM shutdown, 290–291 xm destroy command, 349 VM startup, 290 xm dmesg command, 350 XenEnterprise, 68 xm domid command, 351 XenExpress, 69 xm domname command, 351 XenMan, 197 xm dry-run command, 352 XenMon, 188–191 xm dump-core command, 352–353 output, 189 xm dumppolicy command, 353 starting, 189 xm getlabel command, 353–354 xenmon.py, 189 xm help command, 354 XenoServers project, 28 xm info command, 354–355 XenPerf, 191–192 xm labels command, 355–356 xensec_ezpolicy, 262 xm list command, 180, 300, 356–359 XenServer, 68 xm loadpolicy command, 359 XenSource, 52–53, 67–68 xm log command, 360 binaries, downloading, 68 xm makepolicy command, 361 XenEnterprise, 68 xm mem-max command, 361 XenExpress, 69 xm mem-set command, 183–184, 233, 362 XenServer, 68 xm migrate command, 362–363 XenSource customer forums, 38 xm network-attach command, 363–364 XenSource wiki, FAQ, 135 xm network-detach command, 365 XenStore, 186–187 xm network-list command, 365–366 utilities, 187 xm new command, 367 XenTop, 192–194 xm pause command, 298, 367 XenTrace, 194–195 xm reboot command, 367 output, 195 xm rename command, 368 xinetd-based services, disabling, 223–224 xm resource command, 368 xm addlabel command, 339–340 xm restore command, 368–369 xm block-attach command, 235–236, xm resume command, 369 340–341 xm rmlabel command, 370 xm block-configure command, 341–342 xm save command, 297, 370 xm block-detach command, 342 xm save-sub command, 297 xm block-list command, 342–343 xm sched-credit command, 371 xm cfgbootpolicy command, 267, 344 xm sched-sedf command, 372 xm command, 339 xm serve command, 372–373 consoles, connecting/disconnecting, xm shell command, 373 182–183 xm shutdown command, 373–374 errors, 185–186 xm start commands, 374 memory, adjusting, 183–184 xm subcommands, 354 virtual machines xm suspend command, 374 information about, 180–181 xm sysrq command, 375–376 starting, 181–182 xm top command, 376 xm console command, 182–183, 300, xm trigger command, 376 344–345 xm unpause command, 376 xm creat command, 345–347 xm uptime command, 376–377 xm create command, 181 xm vcpu-list command, 377–378

404

bbindex.inddindex.indd 404404 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:384:33:38 PMPM zlib Index xm vcpu-pin command, 378 xm vcpu-set command, 379 Z xm vnet-create command, 379–380 zlib, 63 xm vnet-delete command, 380 cryptographic libraries, 82 xm vnet-list command, 380 header files, 82 xm vtpm-list command, 380–381

Y yaird, 130 YaST, 162–165 yum command, 161–162

405

bbindex.inddindex.indd 405405 112/14/072/14/07 4:33:384:33:38 PMPM