DOCSLIB.ORG

The Lithic Technology of a Late Woodland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE LITHIC TECHNOLOGY OF A LATE WOODLAND OCCUPATION ON THE DELAWARE BAY: KIMBLE’S BEACH SITE (28CM36A), CAPE MAY COUNTY, NEW JERSEY by JAMES P. KOTCHO A thesis submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Program in Anthropology Written under the direction of Craig S. Feibel and approved by ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey January, 2009 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS The Lithic Technology of a Late Woodland Occupation on the Delaware Bay: Kimble’s Beach Site (28CM36A), Cape May County, New Jersey by JAMES P KOTCHO Thesis Director: Craig S. Feibel This study aims to identify technological practices of Native American people who lived at the Kimble’s Beach site (28CM36A) during the Late Woodland period (ca. 800/900-1650 AD) of Eastern prehistory. This site is located in the northern portion of the Cape May Peninsula along the margin of the Delaware Bay in New Jersey. It was jointly excavated by Rutgers University and Stockton State College in the period 1995- 1998. The study is limited to the excavations at the Beach Face locus, which is the modern beach face. The site was in an upland location 400-500 m from the bay during the Late Woodland period. Data collected from chipped stone debitage recovered from the beach face are compared with data collected from the debitage derived from experimentally replicated small triangular projectile points and several types of scrapers found in the assemblage to identify tool making behavior represented at the site. Sullivan and Rozen’s flake types derived from the debitage of the tool making experiments and experimental bipolar and freehand reduction of alluvial chert pebbles were evaluated with discriminant analysis to ii determine if these reduction strategies may be distinguished by this data. Additional experimental work involved collecting and grading of chert and jasper gravels from the current beach face, heat treating a subset of split gravels, and conducting a reconnaissance for other lithic sources within a 10 km catchment area surrounding the site. Selected attributes of the experimental debitage were assessed for their value to differentiate between reduction strategies, determine the proportion of biface and scraper manufacture, distinguish between starting forms for tool manufacture, identify biface reduction stages, determine the length of the biface trajectory, and to distinguish between hard hammer and pressure flakes. An experimental production rate for biface/uniface manufacture and general bipolar reduction of alluvial gravels was developed. A biface reduction sequence for production of triangular projectile points from alluvial chert and jasper gravels is proposed. Conclusions concerning the site function, mobility strategies employed, and any intrasite differences are discussed. A behavioral flow model that accounts for the choices that the Native American inhabitants of the Beach Face locus made in their use of lithic technology is presented. Recommendations for future research are given. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many individuals whose help, advice, and encouragement aided immeasurably in the completion of this thesis. I wish to thank the members of my thesis committee, Dr. J.W. Harris, Professor and past chair of the Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, Dr. Michael Gregg, New Jersey State Historic Preservation Office (retired), and the committee chair, Dr. Craig Feibel, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Rutgers University, for their assistance and guidance. It was a lithics class taught by Jack Harris that sparked my initial interest in lithic analysis and the possibilities for research in this field. Michael Gregg assisted me in an early review of the lithic artifacts from Kimble’s Beach, provided invaluable help in navigating the NJSHPO library, and made helpful technical and editorial comments on early drafts of this paper. I especially wish to thank Craig Feibel for his steadfast support, encouragement, and advice, although, at times, it may have seemed as if this study might never be completed. The late Herbert Kraft of Seton Hall University, an original member of this committee, who strongly encouraged me to focus on New Jersey archaeology in my study, was an inspiration to me. A special thanks to the team that oversaw the excavations at the Kimble’s Beach site, Carolyn Hartwick and Dr. John Cavallo, Rutgers University, and Dr. Sandra Bierbrauer and Dr. Raymond Mueller, Stockton State College. John Cavallo gave me the opportunity to work on the Kimble’s Beach excavations and encouraged me to study the site. Sandra Bierbrauer and Raymond Mueller graciously answered my many questions about the ecology and geology of the Kimble’s Beach site, as well as sharing the results iv of their research. I have a special debt of gratitude to my friend and colleague Carolyn Hartwick, who generously shared with me her knowledge of the Kimble’s Beach excavations and her own research into the salt marsh development, bay transgression, and the impact on the site formation. Her assistance and advice in the early portions of this study were invaluable. Thanks to the undergraduates of Rutgers University and Stockton State College (1995-1998) who patiently and conscientiously excavated the Kimble’s Beach site in the heat of the day while fighting off the attacks of the infamous green flies. This study would have not been possible without the assistance of Jack Cresson, who agreed to conduct the knapping experiments that formed the foundation of this work. He unstintingly gave of his time, not only to conduct the knapping experiments, but assisted me in raw material and lithic artifact identification. Jack eagerly shared his knowledge of southern New Jersey archaeology with me and answered a multitude of questions concerning my analysis and results. A special thanks is extended to Ken Mohney, who generously shared his data on experimental bipolar and freehand reduction of alluvial cherts. This data was an important element of this study. I owe a debt of gratitude to Alan Mounier, past President of the Archeological Society of New Jersey, who shared with me his knowledge of southern New Jersey prehistory and especially his knowledge of Late Woodland ceramics. Dr. Eileen Grossman-Bailey graciously shared her dissertation research on Native American settlement and resource use on the Outer Coastal Plain of New Jersey. Greg Lattanzi, New Jersey State Museum, provided valuable direction and assistance in my review of the archaeological site files of Cape May county and adjacent areas. Many thanks are v due to the Ceramic Engineering Department of Rutgers University for their assistance in the conduct of the lithic heat treatment experiment and the New Jersey Bureau of Tidelands Management for providing access to historic aerial photographs of Kimble’s Beach and the facilities to study them. I wish to extend my gratitude to the staff of the Cape May County Mosquito Commission for answering my questions about the Kimble’s Beach area and the Cape May County Library and Cape May County Historical Society for providing assistance in finding materials about the history of Kimble’s Beach and the surrounding area. Thanks to Alison Ward, whose comments and suggestions on style and wording, helped make this a more readable work. A special thanks to my life partner, my wife, Nancy Gross, for her love, patience, and encouragement . Without her support, this study would not have been undertaken or completed. “On the trail together forever.” vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT............................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................... xviii 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 1 Behavior in Technological Organization...................................................…… 5 2. GEOLOGY AND REGIONAL PREHISTORY................................................. 14 Location of New Jersey.................................................................................... 14 Physiographic Provinces of New Jersey……………………………… 14 Coastal Plain...................................................................... ………….. 17 Cape May Peninsula............................................................................. 21 Lithic Raw Material Sources................................................................ 27 Regional Prehistory.......................................................................................... 30 Paleo-Indian Period.............................................................................. 31 Archaic Period..................................................................................... 35 Woodland Period.................................................................................. 43 Contact Period...................................................................................... 54 Late Woodland Sites on the OCP and the Delaware Bay...................... 56 3. SITE BACKGROUND..........................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Experimentation Preceding Innovation in a MIS5 Pre-Still Bay Layer from Diepkloof Rock Shelter (South Africa): Emerging Technologies and Symbols

    Experimentation Preceding Innovation in a MIS5 Pre-Still Bay Layer from Diepkloof Rock Shelter (South Africa): Emerging Technologies and Symbols

    RESEARCH ARTICLE Experimentation preceding innovation in a MIS5 Pre-Still Bay layer from Diepkloof Rock Shelter (South Africa): emerging technologies and symbols. Guillaume Porraz1,2, John E. Parkington3, Patrick Schmidt4,5, Gérald Bereiziat6, Jean-Philip Brugal1, Laure Dayet7, Marina Igreja8, Christopher E. Miller9,10, Viola C. Schmid4,11, Chantal Tribolo12,, Aurore 4,2 13 1 Cite as: Porraz, G., Parkington, J. E., Val , Christine Verna , Pierre-Jean Texier Schmidt, P., Bereiziat, G., Brugal, J.- P., Dayet, L., Igreja, M., Miller, C. E., Schmid, V. C., Tribolo, C., Val, A., Verna, C., Texier, P.-J. (2020). 1 Experimentation preceding Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UMR 7269 Lampea, 5 rue du Château innovation in a MIS5 Pre-Still Bay de l’Horloge, F-13094 Aix-en-Provence, France layer from Diepkloof Rock Shelter 2 University of the Witwatersrand, Evolutionary Studies Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa (South Africa): emerging 3 technologies and symbols. University of Cape Town, Department of Archaeology, Cape Town, South Africa EcoEvoRxiv, ch53r, ver. 3 peer- 4 Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary reviewed and recommended by PCI Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany Archaeology. doi: 5 10.32942/osf.io/ch53r Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Applied Mineralogy, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany. 6 Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5199 PACEA, F-33615 Pessac, France Posted: 2020-12-17 7 CNRS-Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, UMR 5608 TRACES, F-31058 Toulouse, France 8 LARC DGPC, Ministry of Culture (Portugal) / ENVARCH Cibio-Inbio 9 Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Institute for Archaeological Sciences & Senckenberg Recommender: Anne Delagnes Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, Rümelinstr.
  • FEBRUARY 2019 Co-Editors Linda Alderman (Ewalderman@Comcast.Net) & Janice Freeman (Janicehfreeman@Comcast.Net)

    FEBRUARY 2019 Co-Editors Linda Alderman ([email protected]) & Janice Freeman ([email protected])

    Herbs Make Scents THE HERB SOCIETY OF AMERICA SOUTH TEXAS UNIT VOLUME XLII, NUMBER 2 FEBRUARY 2019 Co-Editors Linda Alderman ([email protected]) & Janice Freeman ([email protected]) February 2019 Calendar Feb 12, Tues. at 10 a.m. Day Meeting is at the home of Tamara Gruber. The program, “Salvia greggii – Hot Lips,” is presented by Cathy Livingston. Members should bring a dish to share. Guests should RSVP to Tamara at 713-665-0675 Feb 20, Wed. at 6:30 p.m. Evening Meeting is at the Cherie Flores Garden Pavilion in Hermann Park (1500 Hermann Drive, Houston, TX 77004). Hosts are Jenna Wallace, Mike Jensvold, and Virginia Camerlo. The program, “Molcajetes and Metates,” is presented by Jesus Medel, M.Ed., founder of Museo Guadalupe Aztlan. Bring your plate and napkin and a dish to share. March 2019 Calendar Mar 12, Tues. at 10 a.m. Day Meeting is at the home of Janice Stuff. The program, “Blue Blooming Salvias,” is presented by Janice Dana. Members should bring a dish to share. Guests should RSVP to Janice Stuff at [email protected] Mar 19, Tues. at 7 p.m. Board Meeting is at the home of Donna Yanowski Mar 20, Wed. at 6:30 p.m. Evening Meeting is at the Clubhouse in Hermann Park (6201 Hermann Park (Note: Change of Location) Drive, Houston, TX 77030). Parking Lot H. Hosts are Mary Sacilowski, Palma Sales. The program, “Healing Teas from the Wild Side,” is presented by Mark “Merriwether” Vorderbruggen, PhD, author of Foraging and creator of “Foraging Texas”. Bring your plate and napkin and a dish to share.
  • FEATURE TYPES Revised 2/2001 Alcove

    FEATURE TYPES Revised 2/2001 Alcove

    THE CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER FEATURE TYPES Revised 2/2001 alcove. A small auxiliary chamber in a wall, usually found in pit structures; they often adjoin the east wall of the main chamber and are substantially larger than apertures and niches. aperture. A generic term for a wall opening that cannot be defined more specifically. architectural petroglyph (not on bedrock). A petroglyph in a standing masonry wall.A piece of wall fall with a petroglyph on it should be sent in as an artifact if size permits. ashpit. A pit used primarily as a receptacle for ash removed from a hearth or firepit. In a pit structure, the ash pit is commonly oval or rectangular and is located south of the hearth or firepit. bedrock feature. A feature constructed into bedrock that does not fit any of the other feature types listed here. bell-shaped cist. A large pit whose greatest diameter is substantially larger than the diameter of its opening.A storage function is implied, but the feature may not contain any stored materials, in which case the shape of the pit is sufficient for assigning this feature type. bench surface. The surface of a wide ledge in a pit structure or kiva that usually extends around at least three-fourths of the circumference of the structure and is often divided by pilasters.The southern recess surface is also considered a bench surface segment; each bench surface segment must be recorded as a separate feature. bin: not further specified. An above-ground compartment formed by walling off a portion of a structure or courtyard other than a corner.
  • The Use of Stone and Hunting of Reindeer

    The Use of Stone and Hunting of Reindeer

    ARCHAEOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT 12 THE USE OF STONE AND HUNTING OF REINDEER By Lena Holm O m University of Umeå ° Ai. ^ Department of Archaeology ARCHAEOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT 12 Distribution: Department of Archaeology, University of Umeå S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden Lena Holm THE USE OF STONE AND HUNTING OF REINDEER A Study of Stone Tool Manufacture and Hunting of Large Mammals in the Central Scandes c. 6 000 - 1 BC. Akademisk avhandling, som för avläggande av filosofie doktors­ examen vid universitetet i Umeå kommer att offentligt för­ svaras i hörsal F, Humanisthuset, Umeå universitet, fredagen den 31 januari 1992 klockan 10.00. Abstract The thesis raises questions concerning prehistoric conditions in a high mountain region in central Scandinavia; it focuses on the human use of stone and on hunting principally of reindeer. An analysis of how the stone material was utilized and an approach to how large mammals were hunt­ ed result in a synthesis describing one interpretation of how the vast landscape of a region in the central Scandinavian high mountains was used. With this major aim as a base questions were posed concerning the human use of stone resources and possible changes in this use. Preconditions for the occurrence of large mammals as game animals and for hunting are also highlighted. A general perspective is the long time period over which possible changes in the use of stone and hunting of big game, encompassing the Late Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age and to a certain extent the Early Iron Age. Considering the manufacture of flaked stone tools, debitage in the form of flakes from a dwelling, constitute the base where procurement and technology are essential.
  • Lithic Raw Material Prospects in the Mojave Desert, California

    Lithic Raw Material Prospects in the Mojave Desert, California

    UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Title Lithic Raw Material Prospects in the Mojave Desert, California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8np7g12w Journal Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, 11(2) ISSN 0191-3557 Authors Wilke, Philip J. Schroth, Adella B. Publication Date 1989-07-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 146-174 (1989). Lithic Raw Material Prospects in the Mojave Desert, California PHILIP J. WILKE and ADELLA B. SCHROTH, Dept. of Anthropology, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521. A HIS paper discusses lithic raw material THEORETICAL BACKGROUND prospects (or simply "prospects"), places where potentially flakeable tool stone was Acquisition of tool stone by aboriginal assayed or tested for quality. It characterizes peoples was an industry that in terms of scale this site type and contrasts it with quarries, varied greatly from one situation to another. places where stone was obtained consistently The large and well-known quarries of the and in quantity, and places where stone was western United States represent one end of picked up, used, and discarded with little the spectrum. These include the AUbates modification. We believe prospects represent silicified dolomite quarries, Texas; Spanish a major archaeological site type that has re­ Diggings quartzite quarries, Wyoming; ceived inadequate attention in the literature. Tosawihi opalite quarries, Nevada; and Casa We describe here a prospect site (CA- Diablo and Coso obsidian quarries, California, SBr-5872), characterize its assemblage, and to name a few.
  • Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 Ka), South Africa

    Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 Ka), South Africa

    RESEARCH ARTICLE Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 ka), South Africa Anne Delagnes1,2☯*, Patrick Schmidt3☯, Katja Douze1,2, Sarah Wurz2,4, Ludovic Bellot- Gurlet5, Nicholas J. Conard3, Klaus G. Nickel6, Karen L. van Niekerk4,2, Christopher S. Henshilwood2,4 a11111 1 PACEA, CNRSÐUniversity of Bordeaux, Pessac, France, 2 School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies and Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, 3 Department of Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Eberhard Karls University of TuÈbingen, TuÈbingen, Germany, 4 Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 5 MONARIS, Sorbonne UniversiteÂs, UPMC Universite Paris 6, UMR 8233, Paris, France, 6 Department of Geosciences, Applied Mineralogy, Eberhard Karls University of TuÈbingen, TuÈbingen, Germany OPEN ACCESS ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. Citation: Delagnes A, Schmidt P, Douze K, Wurz S, * [email protected] Bellot-Gurlet L, Conard NJ, et al. (2016) Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 ka), South Africa. PLoS ONE 11 Abstract (10): e0163874. doi:10.1371/journal. Heating stone to enhance its flaking qualities is among the multiple innovative adaptations pone.0163874 introduced by early modern human groups in southern Africa, in particular during the Middle Editor: Nuno Bicho, Universidade do Algarve, Stone Age Still Bay and Howiesons Poort traditions. Comparatively little is known about the PORTUGAL role and impact of this technology on early modern human behaviors and cultural expres- Received: December 19, 2015 sions, due, in part, to the lack of comprehensive studies of archaeological assemblages Accepted: September 15, 2016 documenting the heat treatment of stone.
  • 1 the Mental Template in Handaxe Manufacture

    1 the Mental Template in Handaxe Manufacture

    Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript Manuscript_JAMT_revised_v.3.doc The mental template in handaxe manufacture: new insights into Acheulean lithic 1 technological behavior at Boxgrove, Sussex, UK. 2 3 Paula García-Medrano1,5, Andreu Ollé2,3, Nick Ashton1, Mark B. Roberts4 4 5 1 Dept. Britain, Europe & Prehistory. British Museum. Franks House, 56 Orsman Road, London, N1 5QJ, UK 6 2 Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona educacional 4, Campus Sescelades 7 URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain 8 3 Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Fac. Lletres, Av. Catalunya, 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain 9 4 Institute of Archaeology, UCL, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, UK 10 11 5 Corresponding author, [email protected] Tlf. +34 620957489 12 13 Abstract 14 15 The morphological variability of Large Cutting Tools (LCT) during the Middle Pleistocene has 16 been traditionally associated with two main variables: raw material constraints and reduction 17 intensity. Boxgrove – c.500ka – is one of the most informative sites at which to analyze 18 shaping strategies and handaxe morphological variability in the European Middle 19 20 Pleistocene, because of the large number of finished handaxes, and the presence of 21 complete operational chains. We focused on the entire handaxe and rough-out sample from 22 Boxgrove-Q1/B with the aim of assessing the role of raw material characteristics – size, form, 23 and homogeneity of nodules – in the shaping process, and to ascertain if they represent real 24 constraints in the production of handaxes. Additionally, given the large number of handaxes 25 and the intensity of the thinning work at Boxgrove, we also aimed to determine if reduction 26 intensity affected the final shape to the degree that some authors have previously postulated.
  • Ra Ising the Ba R

    Ra Ising the Ba R

    12 Ra ising the Ba r Lithic Analysis and Archaeological Research in the Southeast William Andrefsky Jr. When I was asked to provide comments on the collection of lithic analysis pa- pers presented at the Southeastern Archaeological Conference (included within this volume), I did not realize the extent to which lithic tools and debitage had been overlooked in the region as a medium for interpreting past aboriginal practices and behaviors. According to the session abstract, the goal of the lithic symposium and this volume is to highlight contemporary methods and theory in lithic analysis to encourage researchers in the Southeast to integrate lithic data into their site interpretations. After a quick perusal of the literature for the region, it was apparent that very few Southeast lithics-related publications have appeared in the national peer-reviewed literature (Daniel2001; Shott and Ballenger 2007); slightly more lithic research occurs in regional journal venues (Carr and Bradbury 2000; Franklin and Simek 2008; Peacock 2004); and other contributions are found in edited volumes not necessarily focused specifically on lithics in the region (Anderson and Sassaman 1996; Carr 1994a; Henry and Odell1989; Johnson and Morrow 1987). Similar to the case of Mesoamerica and the American Southwest, there is a relatively low proportion of lithics- based research relative to ceramics and architecture. Such a trend comes as a surprise to me. However, I have been hooked on stone tool technology since the sixth grade when I first began looking at Louis Leakey's Oldowan pebble tools and wondering whether the broken cobbles in my local creek could have been made by Australopithecus.
  • Prehistoric Lithic Technology} Workshops} and Chipping Stations in the Philippines

    Prehistoric Lithic Technology} Workshops} and Chipping Stations in the Philippines

    Prehistoric Lithic Technology} Workshops} and Chipping Stations in the Philippines D. KYLE LATINIS THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS represent an important area for research of problems concerning prehistoric archaeology in Southeast Asia. These insular areas, located east of the biogeographic boundary known as Huxley's line, include a variety of tropical environments. These islands remained detached from the continental portion of Southeast Asia throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene. Archaeolog­ ical research has documented human occupation and adaptation from at least the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene within these islands. Unfortunately, relatively little intensive prehistoric archaeological research has been undertaken in the Philippines compared to some areas in mainland South­ east Asia, Oceania, and Australia. Warren Peterson's dissertation (1974) focused on a series of sites in northern Luzon and represents one of the foundation stud­ ies in the Philippines for modern archaeology. Peterson's work has often been cited and his conclusions used for the development of models concerning prehis­ tory in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. Peterson's research was conducted during a period when behavioral reconstruc­ tions from site assemblage analyses were prominent in archaeological research. Specifically, Peterson attempted behavioral reconstruction from the analysis of stone tools from the Busibus/Pintu site in northern Luzon, Philippines. A reanal­ ysis of the entire Busibus/Pintu lithic assemblage has revealed problems with Peterson's initial analysis and interpretation of this site-problems that will be addressed in this paper. Lithic technology, stone tool manufacture, and selection and reduction strategies will also be explored. Finally, new interpretations of the nature of the lithic assemblage and site activities at Busibus/Pintu rock shelter will be provided.
  • Grinding Stone Reuse 1983

    Grinding Stone Reuse 1983

    The Effects of Grinding Stone Reuse on the Archaeological Record in the Eastern Great Basin Author(s): STEVEN R. SIMMS Source: Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, Vol. 5, No. 1/2 (Summer and Winter 1983), pp. 98-102 Published by: Malki Museum, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27825137 Accessed: 30-11-2015 18:41 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Malki Museum, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 129.123.24.42 on Mon, 30 Nov 2015 18:41:26 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Vol. 5, Nos. 1 and 2, pp. 98-102 (1983). The Effects of Grinding Stone on Reuse the Archaeological Record in the Eastern Great Basin STEVEN R. SIMMS are aware thatmany hunter-gatherer societies where the transpor ARCHAEOLOGISTSfactors change archaeological sites after tation of material culture is a limiting factor. they have been initially deposited. One kind Reuse can include the use of grinding stones of post-depositional phenomena that could from nearby, older sites or the caching of change the material record is the scavenging previously used grinding stones.
  • Maize and Stone a Functional Analysis of the Manos and Metates of Santa Rita Corozal, Belize

    Maize and Stone a Functional Analysis of the Manos and Metates of Santa Rita Corozal, Belize

    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2011 Maize And Stone A Functional Analysis Of The Manos And Metates Of Santa Rita Corozal, Belize Lisa Glynns Duffy University of Central Florida Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Duffy, Lisa Glynns, "Maize And Stone A Functional Analysis Of The Manos And Metates Of Santa Rita Corozal, Belize" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 1920. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/1920 MAIZE AND STONE: A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE MANOS AND METATES OF SANTA RITA COROZAL, BELIZE by LISA GLYNNS DUFFY B.A. University of South Florida, 1988 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2011 ABSTRACT The manos and metates of Santa Rita Corozal, Belize are analyzed to compare traditional maize-grinding types to the overall assemblage. A reciprocal, back-and-forth grinding motion is the most efficient way to process large amounts of maize. However, rotary movements are also associated with some ground stone implements. The number of flat and trough metates and two handed manos are compared to the rotary-motion basin and concave type metates and one-handed manos to determine predominance and distribution.
  • Establishing a Methodology for Determining Handedness in Lithic Materials As a Proxy for Cognitive Evolution

    Establishing a Methodology for Determining Handedness in Lithic Materials As a Proxy for Cognitive Evolution

    EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND HOMINID EVOLUTION: ESTABLISHING A METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING HANDEDNESS IN LITHIC MATERIALS AS A PROXY FOR COGNITIVE EVOLUTION by Lana Ruck A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL December 2014 Copyright 2014 by Lana Ruck ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my thesis committee members, Dr. Douglas Broadfield, Dr. Clifford Brown, and Dr. Kate Detwiler, for their constant support and help with developing this project, as well as the head of the Department of Anthropology, Dr. Michael Harris, for his insights. This project would not have been possible without the help of my volunteer flintknappers: Ralph Conrad, Mike Cook, Scott Hartsel, Ed Moser, and Owen Sims, and my raw materials suppliers: Curtis Smith and Elliot Collins. I would also like to thank Miki Matrullo and Katherine Sloate for cataloging my handaxes and flakes and aiding me in creating a blind study. Special thanks to Justin Colón and Dr. Clifford Brown for assessing a random sample of my flakes, adding objectivity to this study. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Natalie Uomini for her constant help and support of my project. iv ABSTRACT Author: Lana Ruck Title: Experimental Archaeology and Hominid Evolution: Establishing a Methodology for Determining Handedness in Lithic Materials as a Proxy for Cognitive Evolution Institution: Florida Atlantic University Thesis Advisor: Dr. Douglas Broadfield Degree: Master of Arts Year: 2014 Human handedness is likely related to brain lateralization and major cognitive innovations in human evolution.