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Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before. -
Mythology and the Belief System of Sunda Wiwitan: a Theological Review in Cisolok of Sukabumi Regency of West Java, Indonesia
International Journal of Research and Review Vol.7; Issue: 4; April 2020 Website: www.ijrrjournal.com Research Paper E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Mythology and the Belief System of Sunda Wiwitan: A Theological Review in Cisolok of Sukabumi Regency of West Java, Indonesia Tita Rostitawati Department of Philosophy, State Islamic University of Sultan Amai Gorontalo, Indonesia ABSTRACT beliefs that are based on ideas in the teachings of ancestors or spirits. There are This study examined the mythology and belief several villages in West Java, which are systems adopted by the Sunda Wiwitan manifestations of the existence of community that were factually related to the indigenous peoples in Indonesia. credo system that was considered sacred in a The existence of traditional villages belief. Researcher in collecting data using interviews, observation, and literature review is a special attraction for the community methods. The process of data analysis was done because there is a unique culture and is with qualitative data analysis techniques. In the different from the others, such as the process of analyzing research data, the Sundanese people in the Cisolok village of researcher organized data, grouped data, and Sukabumi Regency. Human life requires a analyzed narratively. The results showed that belief in which the belief is in the form of the Sunda Wiwitan belief system worshiped religious teachings or views that, according ancestral spirits as an elevated entity. Aside to the community, are considered good and from worshiping ancestors, Sunda Wiwitan also true. In Cisolok of Sukabumi Regency, there had a God who was often called Sang Hyang are cultural and traditional elements that are Kersa. -
Kearifan Budaya Sunda Dalam Peralihan Kepemimpinan Kerajaan Sunda Di Kawali Setelah Perang Bubat
KEARIFAN BUDAYA SUNDA DALAM PERALIHAN KEPEMIMPINAN KERAJAAN SUNDA DI KAWALI SETELAH PERANG BUBAT Oleh: Rusya’i Padmawijaya 1 Siti Khodijah 2 ABSTRAK Pemerintahannya, Bunisora Suradipati cenderung sebagai raja yang berkarakteristik religius. Kepiawaian Bunisora Suradipati dalam mengolah kerajaan sangat bagus dan sangat bijaksana. Beliau memegang penuh kestabilan aturan dan norma-norma kenegaraan. Konsep kepemimpinan di Sunda pada waktu pemerintahan Bunisora Suradipati tidak bisa lepas dari dua hal. Pertama, kitab Watang Ageung (satu kitab yang selalu digunakan oleh orang Sunda yang mengadopsi atau meyakini ageman atau kepercayaan Sunda Wiwitan. Yang kedua yaitu dari Siksakandang Karesian. Salah satunya konsep kepemimpinannya ialah dengan menggunakan konsep Tri Tangtu (tiga kunci atau tiga titik pemerintahan). Ketiga kunci tersebut yaitu Resi, Ratu, dan Rama. Tipe kepemimpinan Bunisora Suradipati adalah tipe kepemimpinan demokratis. Pada tahun 1371 Masehi, Bunisora Suradipati menyerahkan tahtanya kepada Niskala Wastu Kancana. Hal itu terjadi karena keluhuran budi Bunisora Suradipati, khususnya kejujurannya, sehingga Bunisora Suradipati menganggap bahwa tahta tersebut merupakan sebuah titipan, sebagai amanat sambil menunggu pewaris tahta yang sebenarnya dewasa, yaitu Niskala Wastu Kancana. Budaya Sunda berdampak besar terhadap kepemimpinan dan tatanan pemerintahan, serta berdampak juga terhadap kehidupan masyarakatnya. Salah satu dampak besar yang terjadi di Kerajaan Sunda setelah terjadinya tragedi Perang Bubat, yaitu “Dilarangnya keluarga -
Introduction
Cambridge University Press 0521624444 - Varieties of Javanese Religion: An Anthropological Account Andrew Beatty Excerpt More information 1 Introduction This book is about religion in Java ± its diverse forms, controversies, and reconciliations; more abstractly it is about cultural difference and syncretism. At a time when anthropology is increasingly preoccupied with cultural pluralism in the West, and with the challenges to personal identity, mutual tolerance, and social harmony that it presents, the example of Java reminds us that some of the more `traditional' societies have been dealing with similar problems for quite some time. The varieties of Javanese religion are, of course, well known, thanks to a number of excellent studies. In what follows, however, my chief interest is in the effect of diversity upon Javanese religion. In looking at the mutual in¯uences of Islamic piety, mysticism, Hinduism, and folk tradition upon each other, and at their different compromises with the fact of diversity, I hope to give a credible and dynamic account of how religion works in a complex society. The setting for this book ± Banyuwangi in the easternmost part of Java ± is particularly appropriate to such an enterprise. In the standard viewof things, the various forms of Javanese religion are unevenly distributed among village, market, court/palace, and town. Although most communities contain orthodox Muslims as well as practitioners of other tendencies (Koentjaraningrat 1985: 318), a rough spatial separa- tion along religious and cultural lines (or a polarization within the most heterogeneous villages) has, allegedly, been characteristic of Java from the early years of the century (Jay 1963), though the sharpness of divisions has ¯uctuated with political developments. -
The Mandala Culture of Anarchy: the Pre-Colonial Southeast Asian International Society
The Mandala Culture of Anarchy: The Pre-Colonial Southeast Asian International Society Pandu Utama Manggala Australian National University, Australia Abstract Throughout the years, study on pre-colonial Southeast Asian international relations has not garnered major attention because it had long been seen as an integral part of the China- centred tribute system. There is a need to provide greater understanding of the uniqueness of the international system as different regions have different ontologies to comprehend its dynamics and structures. This paper contributes to the pre-colonial Southeast Asian literature by examining the interplay that had existed between pre-colonial Southeast Asian empires and the hierarchical East Asian international society, in particular during the 13th- 16th Century. The paper argues that Southeast Asian international relations in pre-colonial time were characterized by complex political structures with the influence of Mandala values. In that structural context, the Majapahit Empire, one of the biggest empires at that time had its own constitutional structures of an international society, albeit still sought close relations with China. Keywords: Pre-Colonial History, Southeast Asia, Mandala, Tributary System Introduction Southeast Asian countries were far from peaceful and stable under the tribute Throughout the years, study on pre- system. Fierce competition for survival and colonial Southeast Asian international domination had characterized the balance relations has not garnered major attention of power politics throughout the pre- because it had long been seen as an integral colonial era (Shu 2012b, p. 46). part of the China-centred tribute system. For that reason, there is a need to Moreover, Southeast Asia has often been provide greater understanding of the regarded as a political backwater uniqueness of the international system as compared to East Asia because Southeast different regions have different ontologies Asia as a region is seen as relatively to comprehend its dynamics and structures. -
Regality Academy
Regality Academy An international community of learners striving for excellence and celebrating success School Calendar 2019 - 2020 DRAFT (Event Days may change if necessary, holidays are not likely to change). 2019 2020 July August September October November December January February March April May June Mon 2 Islamic NY Break 2 3 2 1 Pancasila Day 1 Tue 2 3 1 Reports 3 4 3 2 Wed 3 4 2 3 way conferences 4 1 New Year 5 4 1 P 6 School Exams 3 Thurs 4 1 5 3 3 way conferences 5 2 6 5 2 P 6 school exams 4 CAMP Fri 5 2 6 4 last day term 1 1 Diwali assembly 6 CONCERT 3 7 6 3 1 Labour day 5 CAMP SCIENCE DAY EARTH DAY Sat 6 3 7 5 2 7 4 8 7 4 2 6 Sun 7 4 8 6 3 8 5 9 8 5 3 7 Mon 5 9 7 4 9 Reports 6 Teacher Prep day 10 9 REPORTS 6 BOOK WEEK 4 8 Reports 8 CHINESE NEW Tue 9 10 ISALMIC NEW YEAR 8 5 10 7 Term 3 start 11 10 7 BOOK WEEK 5 9 PTC 6 YEAR Wed 10 7 11 9 6 11 PTC 8 12 11 8 BOOK WEEK 6 10 PTC Thu 11 8 12 10 7 National Heros 12 PTC 9 13 12 Art Exhibition 9 BOOK WEEK 7 Vesak Day 11 Graduation Parents Info Fri 12 9 13 11 8 13 Last day term 2 10 14 13 SLC Art Exhibition 10 Good Friday 8 12 End of School Night Prophet's Birthday Holiday International Day Sat 13 10 14 12 9 Prophets Birthday 14 11 15 14 11 9 13 Sun 14 11 15 13 10 15 12 16 15 12 10 14 Mon 15 12 16 14 Staff team Building 11 16 13 17 16 13 National Exams 11 15 Tue 16 17 15 Teacher Prep day 12 17 14 18 17 14 National Exams 12 16 13 Wed 17 14 18 16 Term 2 start 13 18 15 19 18 15 National Exams 13 17 Thu 18 15 19 17 14 Maths day 19 16 20 19 16 National Exams 14 18 Fri 19 16 Flagraising 20 -
Santosh-Francis Scale of Attitude Toward Hinduism
University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap This paper is made available online in accordance with publisher policies. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item and our policy information available from the repository home page for further information. To see the final version of this paper please visit the publisher’s website. Access to the published version may require a subscription. Author(s): C. B. J. Lesmana, Niko Tiliopoulos and Leslie J. Francis Article Title: The Internal Consistency Reliability of the Santosh-Francis Scale of Attitude toward Hinduism among Balinese Hindus Year of publication: 2011 Link to published article: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s11407-011-9108-5 Publisher statement: The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com Running head: SANTOSH-FRANCIS SCALE OF ATTITUDE TOWARD HINDUISM 1 The internal consistency reliability of the Santosh-Francis Scale of Attitude toward Hinduism among Balinese Hindus C. B. J. Lesmana Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia Niko Tiliopoulos The University of Sydney, Australia Leslie J. Francis* The University of Warwick, UK Author note: *Corresponding author: Leslie J Francis Warwick Religions & Education Research Unit Institute of Education The University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)24 7652 2539 Fax: +44 (0)24 7657 2638 Email: [email protected] C:\Users\Leslie\Desktop\Sandy Hughes\Articles\Tiliopoulos\S-F Scale Balinese Hindus.doc 02/02/2012 SANTOSH-FRANCIS ATTITUDE TOWARD BALINESE HINDUS 2 Abstract The present paper intends to make a contribution to the empirical psychology of religion among Hindus. -
Tri Tangtu on Sunda Wiwitan Doctrine in the XIV-XVII Century
TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 10(1), October 2018 Journal of Historical Studies ETTY SARINGENDYANTI, NINA HERLINA & MUMUH MUHSIN ZAKARIA Tri Tangtu on Sunda Wiwitan Doctrine in the XIV-XVII Century ABSTRACT: This article aims to reconstruct the concept of “Tri Tangtu” in the “Sunda Wiwitan” doctrine in the XIV-XVII century, when the Sunda kingdom in West Java, Indonesia was under the reign of Niskala Wastu (-kancana) at Surawisesa Palace in Kawali, Ciamis, until its collapse in 1579 AD (Anno Domini). “Tri Tangtu” absorbs the three to unite, one for three, essentially three things in fact one, the things and paradoxical attributes fused into and expanded outward. The outside looks calm, firm, one, but inside is continuously active in its entirety in various activities. This concept is still also continues on indigenous of Kanekes (Baduy) in Banten, Western Java. In achieving that goal, historical methods are used, consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. In the context of explanation used social sciences theory, namely socio-anthropology through the theory of religion proposed by Clifford Geertz (1973), namely religion as a cultural system that coherently explains the involvement between religion and culture. The results of this study show that the concept of “Tri Tangtu” consists of “Tri Tangtu dina Raga (Salira)”; “Tri Tangtu dina Nagara”; and “Tri Tangtu dina Buana”. About “Tri Tangtu dina Raga” is a system of human reciprocal relationship to the transcendent with “lampah, tekad, ucap (bayu-sabda- hedap)” or deed, strong will, and word. “Tri Tangtu dina Nagara” is a unity of “Rsi-Ratu-Rama” or Cleric, Ruler, and a Wise Oldmen. -
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21/12/2020 2-The Philosopichal.pdf - nyoman Juwita 2-The Philosopichal.pdf Dec 21, 2020 2921 words / 15258 characters nyoman Juwita 2-The Philosopichal.pdf Sources Overview 8% OVERALL SIMILARITY Made Adityanandana, Julien-François Gerber. " Post-growth in the Tropics? Contestations over and a tourism megaproject in Bali ", Jour… 1 CROSSREF 2% I Nengah Lestawi, Dewi Bunga. "The Role of Customary Law in the Forest Preservation in Bali", Journal of Landscape Ecology, 2020 2 CROSSREF 1% "International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (ICICI) 2018", Springer Science and B… 3 CROSSREF 1% Dik Roth, Gede Sedana. " Reframing : From ‘Balinese Culture’ to Politics ", The Asia Pacic Journal of Anthropology, 2015 4 CROSSREF <1% Matteo Carlo Alcano. "‘SLAVES OF OUR OWN MAKING’", Indonesia and the Malay World, 2011 5 CROSSREF <1% I Made Mahendra Budhiastra. "An essay on Karma Karana: A notion on restructuring the Bali hospitality and service industry by re-est… 6 CROSSREF <1% Britta Boyer. "Other ways of seeing: lm as digital materiality and interlocutor for community-based tourism relationships in Bali", Inter… 7 CROSSREF <1% I Nyoman Darma Putra, Bart Verheijen, I Wayan Ardika, Putu Sucita Yanthy. "Anity tourism and exotic tourism in Bali. The Chinese an… 8 CROSSREF <1% I Ketut Budarma, Ketut Suarta. "THE ROLE OF LOCAL VALUE IN GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM. THE C… 9 CROSSREF <1% Excluded search repositories: Submitted Works Internet Excluded from Similarity Report: None Excluded sources: None https://undiknas.turnitin.com/viewer/submissions/oid:26621:4489816/print?locale=en 1/6 21/12/2020 2-The Philosopichal.pdf - nyoman Juwita 3International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2018, pp. -
George Yeo, Minister
National Archives of Release No.: 23/NOV 03B-l/94/11/09 SPEECH BY BG (NS) GEORGE YEO, MINISTER (INFORMATION AND THE ARTS) AND (HEALTH), AT THE OPENING OF THE LEGACY OF MAJAPAHIT AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM ON WEDNESDAY, 9 NOVEMBER 1994 AT 6.00 PM To many Singaporeans, Majapahit is an ancient empire we read of only in the pages of a history textbook. The Kingdom of Majapahit ruled by Hindu Kings was the largest empire ever established in Southeast Asia from the 13th century to the 16th century. It was founded in East Java in 1294, exactly 700 years at the end of Kublai Khan's invasion. In the 14th century, Majapahit became a great centre of power in the entire Malay Archipelago. Its sway spread over much Administratively the empire was loosely bound by tribute paid in products and services to the centre by small states in the region including old Singapore, then known as Temasek. In the 15th century it was gradually torn apart by civil war. The trading ports of Java's north coast, where Islam was becoming popular, came into conflict with the traditional centre of power in the rice-growing interior. Majapahit authority in the Malacca Straits was increasingly contested by an emergent Malacca. By the time the Portuguese conquered Malacca in 1511, only a shell was left of Majapahit. Through archaeology and historical writings, we know that Majapahit had a major influence on the politics and culture of old Singapore. Both the 14th Century poem, Nagarakertagama and the 17th century Pararaton (Book of Kings) mentioned Temasek as part of the Majapahit empire. -
The Menstrual Taboo and Modern Indian Identity
Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Honors College at WKU Projects 6-28-2017 The eM nstrual Taboo and Modern Indian Identity Jessie Norris Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/stu_hon_theses Part of the Hindu Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Norris, Jessie, "The eM nstrual Taboo and Modern Indian Identity" (2017). Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects. Paper 694. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/stu_hon_theses/694 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College Capstone Experience/ Thesis Projects by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE MENSTRUAL TABOO AND MODERN INDIAN IDENTITY A Capstone Project Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of History and Degree Bachelor of Anthropology With Honors College Distinction at Western Kentucky University By Jessie Norris May 2017 **** CE/T Committee: Dr. Tamara Van Dyken Dr. Richard Weigel Sharon Leone 1 Copyright by Jessie Norris May 2017 2 I dedicate this thesis to my parents, Scott and Tami Norris, who have been unwavering in their support and faith in me throughout my education. Without them, this thesis would not have been possible. 3 Acknowledgements Dr. Tamara Van Dyken, Associate Professor of History at WKU, aided and counseled me during the completion of this project by acting as my Honors Capstone Advisor and a member of my CE/T committee. -
Mengenal Sunda Wiwitan Dan Agama Sunda Yang Lain
LAMPIRAN Mengenal Sunda Wiwitan dan Agama Sunda yang Lain Anak-anak Baduy dalam turut hadir dalam acara Seba Baduy di Pendopo Rangkasbitung. tirto.id/Arimacs Wilander Oleh: Irfan Teguh - 24 Agustus 2017 Dibaca Normal 5 menit Terdapat klaim Sunda adalah Islam, tapi mengapa kepercayaan lama bertahan di beberapa wilayah Sunda? tirto.id - “Islam itu Sunda, Sunda itu Islam”. Jargon ini dicetuskan H. Endang Saifuddin Anshari, putra Isa Anshari (tokoh penting Masyumi). Kenapa jargon tersebut bisa muncul? Jakob Sumardjo dalam Paradoks Cerita-cerita Si Kabayan (2014) menerangkan hal itu dilandasi karakter masyarakat Sunda yang berbasis huma atau ladang. Dibanding kerajaan-kerajaan Jawa berbasis masyarakat sawah yang menetap, kebudayaan istana di kerajaan-kerajaan Sunda hanya berkembang di lingkungan terbatas masyarakat negara. Masyarakat negara adalah masyarakat Sunda di wilayah yang benar-benar dikuasai kerajaan secara langsung. Di luar wilayah kekuasaan kerajaan, masih terdapat kampung-kampung Sunda yang berpindah-pindah akibat hidup dari berladang. Hidup yang berpindah-pindah membuat ikatan istana dan rakyat di luar wilayah kekuasaan sangat longgar. Ini membuat ulama leluasa keluar-masuk kampung-kampung Sunda. Tidak mengherankan bila kenangan terhadap zaman kebudayaan Hindu amat tipis bagi kalangan masyarakat Sunda. Hal ini tercermin dalam mitos-mitos rakyat terhadap penyebar Islam seperti Kian Santang. “Mereka percaya bahwa agama Islam itu sudah sejak awal ada di Sunda. Sunda itu Islam,” tulis Sumardjo. Kanékés dan Ajaran Sunda Wiwitan Jika menilik agama mayoritas etnis Sunda hari ini, paparan Jakob Sumardjo tersebut bisa jadi benar. Namun kenyataannya, beberapa daerah di Jawa Barat dengan mayoritas etnis Sunda sampai sekarang masih ada sistem kepercayaan lain di luar Islam atau agama-agama lain yang diakui pemerintah.