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SGS Proceedings (1984) ISSN 1750-855X (Print) ISSN 1750-8568 (Online) Proceedings of the Shropshire Geological Society No. 4 1984 Contents 1. Bevins, R.E.: The Geology of Northern Greenland ...…………………...………………..… 2 2. Dolamore, L.: Joint Field Excursion with the Black Country Geological Society to Black 4 Country Sites, led by Alan Cutler ….……………………………………………………..… 3. Coope, R.: A Beetle's Eye View of the Ice Age …………………………………………..… 7 4. Pitcher, W.: Granite for Everyman ………………………………………………………..… 9 5. Tarney, J.: Crustal Growth ………………………………………………………………..… 12 6. Brazier, M.: Microfossils in the Lower Cambrian ……………...…………………….…..… 15 7. Jones, D.M.: Field Excursion to the Church Stretton Area, led by John Pauley ..………..… 18 8. Dolamore, L. & Jones, G.: Joint Field Excursion with the Manchester Geological 22 Association to Werrington Anticline, Stoke on Trent, led by David Thompson ……..…..… 9. Jones, G.: Evening Field Excursion to Criggion Quarry, led by Mr. German, with Notes by 24 Mr. Lawrence Crump ………..…………………………………………………………....… 10. Jones, D.M.: Field Excursion to the Tunnel Cement Works, Mold, led by Malcolm 27 Conway ………………………………………………………………….…….....………..… 11. Cowie, J.W.: International Interest in the Wrekin Area ……………….………...………..… 28 Available on-line: http://www.shropshiregeology.org.uk/SGSpublications Issued August 1984 Published by the Shropshire Geological Society ISSN 1750-855X (Print) ISSN 1750-8568 (Online) The Geology of Northern Greenland Dr. R.E. Bevins1 BEVINS, R.E. (1984). The Geology of Northern Greenland. Proceedings of the Shropshire Geological Society, 4, 2-3. The area is a late Proterozoic basin, with sedimentation influenced by a fold belt. The sequences, structures and mineralogies are described, together with their tectonic setting. 1Shrewsbury, UK. E-mail: [email protected] The field work for this project investigating the This sequence is overlain by sandstone of geology of northern Greenland took three years, Eocambrian age. This has good cross bedding and the results of which are to be published in 1984. is a shallow water sequence of the sub- to inter- The area lies between 79° and 89° N and is a late tidal zone. This passes up into a multicoloured Proterozoic basin, with sedimentation influenced sequence of mainly purple sandstones of a by a fold belt. lagoonal facies and is overlain by dolomites, the At Independence Fjord, the sequences exposed higher parts of which contain stromatolitic are of Proterozoic sandstone with intrusions. These structures. are older than 1250 million years, but their true age In the Midsommer Sø region there is an is not known. These sequences are unconformity between the sandstones, whereas in unmetamorphosed, as are the overlying basalts. the Morane Sø there is a stepped unconformity, The red siltstone members are used as marker with evidence of breccias. These would have been horizons. The sandstones show large scale cross formed by large blocks of sandstone sliding down bedding and are for the most part fluvial the slope. The broken bedding in the blocks can be sediments, with possible shallow water matched into the higher sequences. There are also environments in places. They are commonly debris flows deposited as lobes and good fluvial horizontally bedded and intruded with sheets of sandstones with large scale cross bedding in a dolerite. The cliffs here are some 200 metres high, poorly sorted sandstone sequence in a Gilbert type with many rock falls and glacial debris and delta. Also present are evidence of mudcracks and outwash in the valleys. The overlying basalts are a tilloid sequence. The sandstone sequence 20-30 metres thick and since they are made up of contains complex folds which is evidence of individual flows, produce a stepped topography. loading while the sediments still had a high water These are flat lying tholeiitic basalts and are content. probably flood basalts, although the chemistry is In Peary Land, north, of Independence Fjord, uncertain, some pumpellyite Ca4(Mg,Fe)Al5 there are carbonate sequences extending through Si6O23(OH)3*2H2O has been found. In total, the the Cambrian to the Silurian. In northern Peary basalts are 1300 metres in depth and extend over Land there is a turbidite flysch oriented east-west. 500 square kilometres. There is evidence that some This Llandovery age deposit is rich in fossils and basement rocks have been caught up in this overlies the carbonate platform. sequence, leading to an increase in silica content. The coast of Peary Land comprises a poorly Associated with siliceous veins are both native exposed metamorphic region of sandstones and copper and secondary copper carbonate basalts with epidotes and actinolite in a chlorite precipitation. Flow to flow correlation is made matrix, forming a greenschist facies. The basalt difficult by scree deposits. There are intrusions sequence here is thinner than that in Independence within the sandstone body, providing a mixture of Fjord, made up of only eleven individual flows and flow material and dykes. The sandstone close to containing prehnite, Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2, and the dykes is baked and this has produced columnar pumpellyite. These basalts can however be jointing in the sandstone, together with some correlated with those at Independence Fjord, melting leading to the production of veins of although they have been subject to greater siliceous material. Proceedings of the Shropshire Geological Society, 4, 2−3 © 1984 Shropshire Geological Society THE GEOLOGY OF NORTHERN GREENLAND alteration due to the covering by the flysch sequence producing a higher grade metamorphism. The Frederick Hyde Fjord is a dramatic fold belt region, with glaciers flowing into the frozen fjord. The fold belt is made up principally of Lower Palaeozoic strata, but there is no evidence of fossils. The trend in the major field structures is east-west. In the northern part of the fjord is an amphibolite sequence thrust over rhyolitic volcanics of Permian age. A LECTURE BY DR. BEVINS - PRESENTED TO THE SOCIETY ON 21 SEPTEMBER 1983 D.M. Jones Proceedings of the Shropshire Geological Society, 4, 2−3 3 © 1984 Shropshire Geological Society ISSN 1750-855X (Print) ISSN 1750-8568 (Online) Joint Field Excursion with the Black Country Geological Society to Black Country sites, led by Alan Cutler Les Dolamore1 DOLAMORE, L. (1984). Joint Field Excursion with the Black Country Geological Society to Black Country sites, led by Alan Cutler. Proceedings of the Shropshire Geological Society, 4, 4-6. The area visited included Round Oak Steel Works, with derelict mine workings from which plant fossils were obtained. The afternoon was concerned with the geology adjoining two branches of the Western Boundary Fault in the general area of Wordesley. 1Shrewsbury, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Report of the excursion on Sunday 23rd October Naturally, there were plenty of plant fossils to 1983 led by Alan Cutler. be obtained, also some fresh water molluscs. A bright, sunny, but rather chilly day, when a Thanks to Mr. David Patterson of Johnson, Poole group of about twenty from both Societies met in and Bloomer for showing us around. the centre of Dudley, moving off rather sedately, to Lunch was taken in the open with free the area near the Round Oak Steel Works. The site entertainment supplied by some organized BMX was in derelict mine workings with some 120 cycle racing close at hand. The afternoon was known mineshafts, which had been in use since concerned with the geology adjoining two mediaeval days, but exploited industrially since branches of the Western Boundary Fault in the about 1850, finally becoming uneconomic about general area of Wordesley. This fault runs 1950. approximately N-S with branches off in several In order to return the land to a condition places which trend NE-SW. The eastern side of the suitable for new industrial buildings, the area is fault is an upthrust exposing the Carboniferous. being stabilized, firstly by open casting, then Walking westwards onto younger formations, refilling and consolidating, similar to the areas of the first exposure, a large road cutting, was in Telford which had also been mined over long Bunter Pebble Beds. These are early deposits of periods. The site, loosely called the Hurst, is the the Triassic and are very widespread over the western side of an anticline in the Upper Midlands area. The pebbles vary considerably in Carboniferous with one thick and several thin size and origin, the details were seen in the later seams outcropping towards the axis. On our field trip to Stoke on Trent (13th May 1984). previous meeting in the Black Country we visited Moving further west we crossed current bedded the Doultons Claypit, which is on the eastern side sandstone with occasional marl beds which of the anticline, and the same coal seams were indicates alternating wet/dry conditions. We then outcropping. The excavation operations are now turned north and walked up a ridge of Bunter exposing three seams, “Thick Coal” which is about Pebble Beds to a vantage point to look at the nine metres average thickness, “Upper Heathen topography of the immediate area. The present Coal” 1 m thick and “Lower Heathen Coal” 0.8 m structure of the area was largely evolved during the thick. Hercynian uplift in the area of N. France. The Overlying the coal seams are bands of fireclays, Midlands of England were not folded but affected black carbonaceous shales and ironstones which by major fault movements, the western boundary vary considerably in thickness and quality. The fault being one of these. The next exposure visited depth of the excavations is about 30 to 40 metres was a small quarry in Lower Mottled Sandstone, and workings from various episodes of mining are older than the Bunter Pebbles, and this is an being exposed: adits, galleries, pillars, voids and aeolian deposit formed from dune sand deposited pit prop supporting timbers in large quantities. The by-strong dry winds blowing from the East in a coal extracted is helping the overall stabilization desert valley situation.
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