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Bootstomp: on the Security of Bootloaders in Mobile Devices
BootStomp: On the Security of Bootloaders in Mobile Devices Nilo Redini, Aravind Machiry, Dipanjan Das, Yanick Fratantonio, Antonio Bianchi, Eric Gustafson, Yan Shoshitaishvili, Christopher Kruegel, and Giovanni Vigna, UC Santa Barbara https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity17/technical-sessions/presentation/redini This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 26th USENIX Security Symposium August 16–18, 2017 • Vancouver, BC, Canada ISBN 978-1-931971-40-9 Open access to the Proceedings of the 26th USENIX Security Symposium is sponsored by USENIX BootStomp: On the Security of Bootloaders in Mobile Devices Nilo Redini, Aravind Machiry, Dipanjan Das, Yanick Fratantonio, Antonio Bianchi, Eric Gustafson, Yan Shoshitaishvili, Christopher Kruegel, and Giovanni Vigna fnredini, machiry, dipanjan, yanick, antoniob, edg, yans, chris, [email protected] University of California, Santa Barbara Abstract by proposing simple mitigation steps that can be im- plemented by manufacturers to safeguard the bootloader Modern mobile bootloaders play an important role in and OS from all of the discovered attacks, using already- both the function and the security of the device. They deployed hardware features. help ensure the Chain of Trust (CoT), where each stage of the boot process verifies the integrity and origin of 1 Introduction the following stage before executing it. This process, in theory, should be immune even to attackers gaining With the critical importance of the integrity of today’s full control over the operating system, and should pre- mobile and embedded devices, vendors have imple- vent persistent compromise of a device’s CoT. However, mented a string of inter-dependent mechanisms aimed at not only do these bootloaders necessarily need to take removing the possibility of persistent compromise from untrusted input from an attacker in control of the OS in the device. -
FAN53525 3.0A, 2.4Mhz, Digitally Programmable Tinybuck® Regulator
FAN53525 — 3.0 A, 2.4 MHz, June 2014 FAN53525 3.0A, 2.4MHz, Digitally Programmable TinyBuck® Regulator Digitally Programmable TinyBuck Digitally Features Description . Fixed-Frequency Operation: 2.4 MHz The FAN53525 is a step-down switching voltage regulator that delivers a digitally programmable output from an input . Best-in-Class Load Transient voltage supply of 2.5 V to 5.5 V. The output voltage is 2 . Continuous Output Current Capability: 3.0 A programmed through an I C interface capable of operating up to 3.4 MHz. 2.5 V to 5.5 V Input Voltage Range Using a proprietary architecture with synchronous . Digitally Programmable Output Voltage: rectification, the FAN53525 is capable of delivering 3.0 A - 0.600 V to 1.39375 V in 6.25 mV Steps continuous at over 80% efficiency, maintaining that efficiency at load currents as low as 10 mA. The regulator operates at Programmable Slew Rate for Voltage Transitions . a nominal fixed frequency of 2.4 MHz, which reduces the . I2C-Compatible Interface Up to 3.4 Mbps value of the external components to 330 nH for the output inductor and as low as 20 µF for the output capacitor. PFM Mode for High Efficiency in Light Load . Additional output capacitance can be added to improve . Quiescent Current in PFM Mode: 50 µA (Typical) regulation during load transients without affecting stability, allowing inductance up to 1.2 µH to be used. Input Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) ® At moderate and light loads, Pulse Frequency Modulation Regulator Thermal Shutdown and Overload Protection . (PFM) is used to operate in Power-Save Mode with a typical . -
An Emerging Architecture in Smart Phones
International Journal of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Vol. 3, No. 2, 2018, pp. 29-38 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ijeecs ARM Processor Architecture: An Emerging Architecture in Smart Phones Naseer Ahmad, Muhammad Waqas Boota * Department of Computer Science, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract ARM is a 32-bit RISC processor architecture. It is develop and licenses by British company ARM holdings. ARM holding does not manufacture and sell the CPU devices. ARM holding only licenses the processor architecture to interested parties. There are two main types of licences implementation licenses and architecture licenses. ARM processors have a unique combination of feature such as ARM core is very simple as compare to general purpose processors. ARM chip has several peripheral controller, a digital signal processor and ARM core. ARM processor consumes less power but provide the high performance. Now a day, ARM Cortex series is very popular in Smartphone devices. We will also see the important characteristics of cortex series. We discuss the ARM processor and system on a chip (SOC) which includes the Qualcomm, Snapdragon, nVidia Tegra, and Apple system on chips. In this paper, we discuss the features of ARM processor and Intel atom processor and see which processor is best. Finally, we will discuss the future of ARM processor in Smartphone devices. Keywords RISC, ISA, ARM Core, System on a Chip (SoC) Received: May 6, 2018 / Accepted: June 15, 2018 / Published online: July 26, 2018 @ 2018 The Authors. Published by American Institute of Science. This Open Access article is under the CC BY license. -
Mediatek Linkit™ Development Platform for RTOS Get Started Guide
MediaTek LinkIt™ Development Platform for RTOS Get Started Guide Version: 3.0 Release date: 30 June 2016 © 2015 - 2016 MediaTek Inc. This document contains information that is proprietary to MediaTek Inc. (“MediaTek”) and/or its licensor(s). MediaTek cannot grant you permission for any material that is owned by third parties. You may only use or reproduce this document if you have agreed to and been bound by the applicable license agreement with MediaTek (“License Agreement”) and been granted explicit permission within the License Agreement (“Permitted User”). If you are not a Permitted User, please cease any access or use of this document immediately. Any unauthorized use, reproduction or disclosure of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS-IS” BASIS ONLY. MEDIATEK EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND AND SHALL IN NO EVENT BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIMS RELATING TO OR ARISING OUT OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY USE OR INABILITY TO USE THEREOF. Specifications contained herein are subject to change without notice. MediaTek LinkIt™ Development Platform for RTOS Get Started Guide Document Revision History Revision Date Description 1.0 24 March 2016 Initial version. 2.0 17 May 2016 Move the contents relative to flash, HDK, and build comments to corresponding documents. Add the support of Keil 3.0 30 June 2016 Add the support of IAR. Refine the architecture and provide more information on the SDK usage. © 2015 - 2016 MediaTek Inc. Page i of v This document contains information that is proprietary to MediaTek Inc. -
Sitara™ Am57x Processor with Dual ARM® Cortex®-A15 Cores
Sitara™ AM57x processor with dual ARM® Cortex®-A15 cores In today’s industrial automation market, (PLCs) and industrial computers consumers are seeing an evolution to human machine interface (HMI), that requires new technology featuring industrial peripherals and factory amplified performance and capabilities. communication, automation systems The factory automation floor is rapidly require cuttingedge technologies to advancing to become more user meet stringent customer requirements friendly with the incorporation of ele for high reliability in missioncritical ments like user interfaces that are environments. increasingly similar to those we use in our everyday lives and video compe Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) has tencies that grant the ability to view a strategic commitment to the factory machines running on the opposite side automation industry, ranging from an of factories. This shift necessitates extensive, reliable solution portfolio to solutions very complex, expensive new processors that afford industrial a long product life supply as well as a and resistant to evolution even though system developers the capacity to suc strong localbased support. Industrial industry standards are changing. cessfully address these everevolving automation applications have been challenges. With applications ranging implemented using a variety of external Meeting the need for high from programmable logic controllers components making yesterday’s performance AM57x block diagram In industrial HMI and PLC systems, there is an increasing trend towards achieving x86level performance in fanless enclosures and smaller form factors. At the same time, communica tions requirements are ever increasing for these systems, as is the need for intuitive user interface and highperfor mance graphics in HMI systems. -
OMAP 3 Family of Multimedia Applications
OMAP™ 3 family of multimedia applications processors Revolutionizing entertainment and productivity Key features in wireless handheld commumications • Combines mobile entertainment and high-performance productivity applications. Product Bulletin • Integrates the advanced Superscalar ARM Cortex-A8 RISC core, enabling up to The OMAP™ 3 family of multimedia applications processors from Texas Instruments (TI) 3x gain in performance versus ARM11. introduces a new level of performance that enables laptop-like productivity and advanced • Designed in 45-nm (OMAP36x platform) entertainment in multimedia-enabled handsets. OMAP 3 devices support all levels of and 65-nm (OMAP34x platform) CMOS handsets, from the entry-level multimedia-enabled handsets to high-end Mobile Internet process technologies for less power Devices (MIDs). consumption and increased device performance. Entry-level Mid-level High-end • Includes integrated IVA hardware multimedia-enabled multimedia-enabled multimedia-enabled accelerators to enable multi-standard encode handsets handsets handsets decode up to HD resolution. OMAP3410 OMAP3420 OMAP3430/3440 • Available integrated image signal OMAP3610 OMAP3620 OMAP3630/3640 processor (ISP) enables faster, higher quality image capture, lower system cost TI’s OMAP 3 family of applications processors These devices can operate at a higher and lower power consumption. • Provides seamless connectivity to hard integrate the ARM Cortex-A8 superscalar frequency than previous-generation OMAP diskdrive (HDD) devices for mass storage. microprocessor -
Nomadik Application Processor Andrea Gallo Giancarlo Asnaghi ST Is #1 World-Wide Leader in Digital TV and Consumer Audio
Nomadik Application Processor Andrea Gallo Giancarlo Asnaghi ST is #1 world-wide leader in Digital TV and Consumer Audio MP3 Portable Digital Satellite Radio Set Top Box Player Digital Car Radio DVD Player MMDSP+ inside more than 200 million produced chips January 14, 2009 ST leader in mobile phone chips January 14, 2009 Nomadik Nomadik is based on this heritage providing: – Unrivalled multimedia performances – Very low power consumption – Scalable performances January 14, 2009 BestBest ApplicationApplication ProcessorProcessor 20042004 9 Lowest power consumption 9 Scalable performance 9 Video/Audio quality 9 Cost-effective Nominees: Intel XScale PXA260, NeoMagic MiMagic 6, Nvidia MQ-9000, STMicroelectronics Nomadik STn8800, Texas Instruments OMAP 1611 January 14, 2009 Nomadik Nomadik is a family of Application Processors – Distributed processing architecture ARM9 + multiple Smart Accelerators – Support of a wide range of OS and applications – Seamless integration in the OS through standard API drivers and MM framework January 14, 2009 roadmap ... January 14, 2009 Some Nomadik products on the market... January 14, 2009 STn8815 block diagram January 14, 2009 Nomadik : a true real time multiprocessor platform ARM926 SDRAM SRAM General (L1 + L2) Purpose •Unlimited Space (Level 2 •Limited Bandwidth Cache System for Video) DMA Master OS Memory Controller Peripherals multi-layer AHB bus RTOS RTOS Multi-thread (Scheduler FSM) NAND Flash MMDSP+ Video •Unlimited Space MMDSP+ Audio 66 MHz, 16-bit •“No” Bandwidth 133 MHz, 24-bit •Mass storage -
We Shape the Connected World Automotive Autonomy Generating Energy Effectively Wearable Technology ARM’S Technology Is Cars Are Becoming Mobile Computing Platforms
ARM Holdings plc Annual Report 2015: Strategic Report We shape the connected world Automotive autonomy Generating energy effectively Wearable technology ARM’s technology is Cars are becoming mobile computing platforms. Wind turbines and solar panels can be made Smart watches, biometric-monitors and More sensors and cameras are being included more effective by including technology that augmented reality headsets are intelligent, to assist the driver with lane detection, reading controls and monitors the wind turbine, and connected devices that can give us extra shaping the way we roadside signage and identifying potential hazards aggregates data across the entire wind farm. information to improve our health and or people crossing the road. In time, driver wellness, or just to help us have more fun. all live our lives; in the assistance may lead to a fully automated vehicle. home, as we travel, at school or work, and as we have fun with our friends Mobile computing Smart city streets Intelligent networks Smarter homes ARM-based mobile computers, including City infrastructure from street lights to car Broadband and mobile phone network speeds Cost-efficiency in the home can be improved smartphones, tablets and some laptops are, parking meters can be made more effective by are increasing, and latency decreasing, enabling through learning thermostats that understand for many people, the primary device for their embedding intelligent chips. Street lights that new services for operators to provide to your daily routine, domestic appliances that use work, whether in an office or on the road; can dim when no one is nearby will save energy consumers and enterprises, from delivering advanced algorithms for calculating water and for researching and writing school assignments; and reduce carbon emissions, and prognostics in more movie and TV options to collating and detergent requirements, and smart meters that and for engaging with friends. -
IN the UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the WESTERN DISTRICT of TEXAS WACO DIVISION AMERICAN PATENTS LLC, Plaintiff, V. ANALOG D
Case 6:18-cv-00356 Document 1 Filed 12/06/18 Page 1 of 64 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS WACO DIVISION AMERICAN PATENTS LLC, CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:18-CV-356 Plaintiff, ORIGINAL COMPLAINT FOR v. PATENT INFRINGEMENT ANALOG DEVICES, INC., CYPRESS JURY TRIAL DEMANDED SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION, MARVELL INTERNATIONAL, LTD., MEDIATEK INC., and MEDIATEK USA INC., Defendants. ORIGINAL COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT Plaintiff American Patents LLC (“American Patents” or “Plaintiff”) files this original complaint against Defendants Analog Devices, Inc., Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, Marvell International, Ltd., MediaTek Inc., and MediaTek USA Inc. (collectively “Defendants”), alleging, based on its own knowledge as to itself and its own actions and based on information and belief as to all other matters, as follows: PARTIES 1. American Patents is a limited liability company formed under the laws of the State of Texas, with its principal place of business at 2325 Oak Alley, Tyler, Texas, 75703. 2. Analog Devices, Inc. (“Analog”) is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the state of Massachusetts. It can be served via its registered agent: CT Corp System, 1999 Bryan Street, Suite 900, Dallas, TX 75201. 3. Analog is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of integrated circuits. Case 6:18-cv-00356 Document 1 Filed 12/06/18 Page 2 of 64 4. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (“Cypress”) is a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware. Cypress can be served with process by serving its registered agent: Corporation Service Company d/b/a CSC-Lawyers Incorporating Service Company, 211 E. -
A Systematic Survey of Firmware Extraction Techniques for Iot Devices
Breaking all the Things | A Systematic Survey of Firmware Extraction Techniques for IoT Devices Sebastian Vasile, David Oswald, and Tom Chothia University of Birmingham [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. In this paper, we systematically review and categorize differ- ent hardware-based firmware extraction techniques, using 24 examples of real, wide-spread products, e.g. smart voice assistants (in particular Amazon Echo devices), alarm and access control systems, as well as home automation devices. We show that in over 45% of the cases, an exposed UART interface is sufficient to obtain a firmware dump, while in other cases, more complicated, yet still low-cost methods (e.g. JTAG or eMMC readout) are needed. In this regard, we perform an in-depth investiga- tion of the security concept of the Amazon Echo Plus, which contains significant protection methods against hardware-level attacks. Based on the results of our study, we give recommendations for countermeasures to mitigate the respective methods. 1 Introduction Extracting the firmware from IoT devices is a crucial first step when analysing the security of such systems. From a designer's point of view, preventing the firmware from falling into the hands of an adversary is often desirable: for in- stance, to protect cryptographic keys that identify a device and to impede prod- uct counterfeit or IP theft. The large variety of IoT devices results in different approaches to firmware extraction, depending on the device in question. Past work has looked at the state of security of IoT devices, e.g. -
ARM Roadmap Spring 2017
ARM Roadmap Spring 2017 Robert Boys [email protected] Version 9.0 Agenda . Roadmap . Architectures ARM1™ die . Issues . What is NEW ! . big.LITTLE™ . 64 Bit . Cortex®-A15 . 64 BIT . DynamIQ 3 © ARM 2017 In the Beginning… . 1985 32 years ago in a barn.... 12 engineers . Cash from Apple and VLSI . IP from Acorn Computers . Proof of concept . No patents, no independent customers, product not ready for mass market. A barn, some energy, experience and belief: “We’re going to be the Global Standard” 4 © ARM 2017 The Cortex Processor Roadmap in 2008 Application Real-time Microcontroller Cortex-A9 Cortex-A8 ARM11 Cortex-R4F ARM9 Cortex-R4 ARM7TDMI ARM7 Cortex-M3 SC300 Cortex-M1 5 © ARM 2017 5 Cortex-A73 ARM 2017 Processor Roadmap Cortex-A35 Cortex-A32 Cortex-A72 Cortex-A57 ARM 7, 9, 11 Cortex-A17 Application Cortex-A53 Cortex-A15 Real-time Not to scale to Not Cortex-A9 (Dual) Microcontroller Cortex-A9 (MPCore) Cortex-A8 Cortex-A7 ARM11(MP) Cortex-A5 MMU ARM926EJ-S Cortex-R52 No MMU Cortex-R8 200+ MHz Cortex-R7 ARM9 Cortex-R5 Cortex-R4 Cortex-M7 200+ MHz Cortex-M33 ARM7TDM 72 – 150 + MHz Cortex-M4 Cortex-M3 ARM7I SC300 Cortex-M23 DesignStart™ Cortex-M1 SC000 Cortex-M0+ Cortex-M0 6 © ARM 2017 6 Versions, cores and architectures ? Family Architecture Cores ARM7TDMI ARMv4T ARM7TDMI(S) ARM9 ARM9E ARMv5TE ARM926EJ-S, ARM966E-S ARM11 ARMv6 (T2) ARM1136(F), 1156T2(F)-S, 1176JZ(F), ARM11 MPCore™ Cortex-A ARMv7-A Cortex-A5, A7, A8, A9, A12, A15, A17 Cortex-R ARMv7-R Cortex-R4(F), Cortex-R5, R7, R8 … Cortex-M ARMv7-M Cortex-M3, M4, M7 (M7 is ARMv7-ME) ARMv6-M Cortex-M1, M0, M0+ NEW ! ARMv8-A 64 Bit: Cortex-A35/A53/57/A72 Cortex-A73 Cortex-A32 NEW ! ARMv8-R 32 Bit: Cortex-R52 NEW ! ARMv8-M 32 Bit: Cortex-M23 & M33 TrustZone® 7 © ARM 2017 What is New ? DynamIQ ! . -
042Cf377-Ed0c-4715-9260-770F680082fc.Pdf
WiFi Tablets 70 Neon + The ARCHOS 70 Neon Plus is one of the most affordable tablets on the market. It includes a powerful quad-core processor running the latest Android operating system: Android™ 5.1 Lollipop®. The 7-inch IPS display provides incredible colors and wide viewing angles, perfect for enjoying your content on-the-go. The ARCHOS 70 Neon Plus is designed to offer a unique multimedia experience. AndroidTM 5.1, Lollipop® Android™ 5.1, “Lollipop” 7” IPS Capacitive Screen 1024x 600 pixels Rockchip 3126 Quad-Core CPU @ 1.3 GHz 1 GB RAM 8 GB flash memory (+ microSD slot) GB Micro SD Wifi WiFi, dual cameras, micro USB host, G-sensor, speaker... 8 4 5 90b Neon Featuring a powerful 1.2 GHz Quad-core processor and Dual-core graphics processor, the ARCHOS 90b Neon has a super smooth interface. At an affordable price, the ARCHOS 90b Neon delivers an amazing experience to meet all your needs: emails, movies, photos, web browsing… Android™ 4.4, “Kitkat” 9” Capacitive Screen 1024 x 600 pixels All Winner A33 Quad-Core CPU @ 1.2 GHz 512 MB RAM 8 GB flash memory (+ microSD slot) GB Wifi WiFi, dual cameras, micro USB host, G-sensor, 8 speaker... 6 7 101d Neon A mix between large screen and productivity, the ARCHOS 101d Neon includes a large 10.1” screen and ARCHOS media applications, perfect for your multimedia, wherever you are. Featuring a powerful Quad-core processor and Quad-core graphics processor, the ARCHOS 101d Neon offers a super smooth interface for an affordable price and delivers an amazing experience to meet all your needs.