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Angiospermas Eudicotiledôneas ANGIOSPERMAS EUDICOTILEDÔNEAS Botânica/IBUSP de Polygala F. Costa Almeidea Departamento plant systematics Kielmeyera E. Pansarin Filogenia das ANGIOSPERMAS Amborellales Nymphaeales Austrobailyales Choranthales Magnoliídeas 2% Monocotiledôneas 22% Ceratophyllales Botânica/IBUSP de Eudicotiledôneas 75% Departamento Baseado em APG-III 2009 APG-III 2009 18S rDNA rbcL atpB atp1 matR + 61 genes de 45 táxons Botânica/IBUSP de 75% EUDICOTILEDÔNEAS:Departamento 41 ordens APG-III 2009 Soltis et al. 2009 Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Amborellales ANITA Nymphaeales Qiu et al. 1999 Austrobaileyales Chloranthales 18S rDNA Magnoliídeas rbcL, atpB atp1, matR + 61 marcadores de 45 táxons MonocotiledôneasBotânica/IBUSP Moore et al. 2007 de Ceratophyllales Departamento Eudicotiledôneas APG-III 125 m.a. 2009 Amborellales Nymphaeales APG III 2009 Austrobaileyales Chloranthales Magnoliídeas Botânica/IBUSP de Monocotiledôneas Ceratophyllales Departamento Eudicotiledôneas (ou Tricolpadas) pólen tricolpado Hamamelis pólen Euphorbia tricolporado EUDICOTILEDÔNEAS Botânica/IBUSP de Aesculus Departamento Cobaea Silene Cucurbita pólen porado Cucumis Botânica/IBUSP de Manfreda, AgavaceaeDepartamento MONOCOTILEDÔNEAS Stypandra, Alliaceae Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Diversidade polínica - evidências para sistemática e paleontologia Evidências polínicas em sistemática e paleontologia GRAMINEAE Botânica/IBUSP Família de estenopolínica ACANTHACEAE Departamento Família euripolínica Myrtaceae Leguminosae Eucalyptus Acacia Amborellales Nymphaeales APG III 2009 Austrobaileyales Chloranthales Magnoliídeas Botânica/IBUSP de Monocotiledôneas Ceratophyllales Departamento Eudicotiledôneas miricetina Amborellales APG III 2009 Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Chloranthales Magnoliídeas Botânica/IBUSP de Monocotile- dôneas Ceratophyllales Departamento Eudicotiledôneas nós trilacunares Amborellales APG III 2009 Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Chloranthales Magnoliídeas Botânica/IBUSP de Monocotiledôneas Ceratophyllales flores Departamento cíclicas Eudicotiledôneas Filogenômica Jiao et al. 2011 Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento 12.6 milhões de sequências de linhagens-pivôs: 2 grupos de WGDs (whole-genome duplication) antigos: 319 m.a. e 192 m.a. (poliploidização seguida de perda de genes e diploidização) Filogenômica Fawcett et al. 2009 evento hexaplóide no Botânica/IBUSP genoma ancestral das de eudicotiledôneas Departamento Van de Peer 2011 limite Cretáceo-Terciário evento hexaplóide eventos de duplicação previamente reportados Botânica/IBUSP (e.g. Cui et al. 2006) de 2 grupos de WGDs (whole-genome duplications) antigos: 319 m.a. e 192 m.a. (Jiao et al. 2011) Soltis & Burleigh 2009 Departamento APG-III 2009 18S rDNA rbcL atpB atp1 matR + 61 genes de 45 táxons Botânica/IBUSP de 75% EUDICOTILEDÔNEAS:Departamento 41 ordens APG-III 2009 Soltis et al. 2009 Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Ranunculales Eudicotiledôneas Proteales Trochodendrales basais Gunnerales ROSÍDEAS Botânica/IBUSP de Santalales Caryophyllales Departamento ASTERÍDEAS Ranunculales Proteales Trochodendrales Gunnerales ROSÍDEAS Botânica/IBUSP de Santalales Caryophyllales Departamento ASTERÍDEAS RANUNCULALES PAPAVERACEAE Botânica/IBUSP de Schultes et al. 2001 Departamento morfina Papaver somniferum RANUNCULALES - PAPAVERACEAE Botânica/IBUSP de Papaver rhoreas morfina Departamento Papaver somniferum Hess 1987 RANUNCULALES - RANUNCULACEAE Ranunculus Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Anemone protoanemonina Hess 1987 Ranunculales Nelumbonaceae Proteales Proteaceae Trochodendrales Platanaceae Gunnerales ROSÍDEAS Botânica/IBUSP de Santalales Caryophyllales Departamento ASTERÍDEAS Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento NELUMBONACEAE PROTEALES NELUMBONACEAE Nelumbo Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Wood 1959 PROTEALES PROTEACEAE Grevillea Botânica/IBUSP Macadamia de Banksia Departamento PROTEALES PROTEACEAE Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Euplassa semicostata Pirani & Nascimento 1995 PROTEALES Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Platanus PLATANACEAE Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Magallón et al. 1999 Ranunculales Proteales Trochodendrales Gunnerales ROSÍDEAS Botânica/IBUSP de Santalales Caryophyllales Departamento ASTERÍDEAS Botânica/IBUSP de TetracentronTetracentron sinense sinense Departamento Trochodendron aralioides TROCHODENDRACEAE Kubitzki et al. 1993 Tetracentron sinense TROCHODENDRACEAE Trochodendron aralioides Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Amborellales Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Chloranthales Magnoliídeas Botânica/IBUSP de Monocotiledôneas Ceratophyllales Departamento Eudicotiledôneas APG III 2009 ANITA Botânica/IBUSP de VASOS Departamento Doyle & Endress 2000 Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Interpretação de árvores de acordo com a topologia Crisp & Cook 2005 Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Interpretação de árvores de acordo com a topologia Crisp & Cook 2005 Muitas características ditas “basais” em grupos-irmãos podem ser independentemente derivadas e altamente especializadas. Exemplos: As adaptações morfológicas e ecofisiológicas de Botânica/IBUSP Nymphaeales ao ambiente aquático.de A perda de vasos em Winteraceae (magnoliídeas) e Trochodendraceae Departamento(eudicotiledôneas basais) Ranunculales Eudicotiledôneas Proteales Trochodendrales basais Gunnerales ROSÍDEAS Botânica/IBUSP de Santalales Caryophyllales Departamento ASTERÍDEAS Eudicots Eudicots nucleares Ranunculales Proteales Trochodendrales Gunnerales ROSÍDEAS Botânica/IBUSP de Santalales Caryophyllales Departamento ASTERÍDEAS Eudicots Eudicots nucleares Botânica/IBUSP Gunnerales, Gunneraceae - de Departamento Gunnera Gunnerales, Gunneraceae – Gunnera Simbiose com Nostoc Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Amborellales Nymphaeales APGIII Austrobaileyales 2009 Chloranthaceae Magnoliídeas Botânica/IBUSP de Monocotiledôneas Departamento Eudicotiledôneas Ranunculales Proteales 2-meria Trochodendrales Gunnerales ROSÍDEAS Botânica/IBUSP 5-meria de Santalales Caryophyllales Departamento ASTERÍDEAS Eudicots Eudicots nucleares PENTAPETALE PENTAPETALE Ranunculales Proteales 2-meria Trochodendrales Gunnerales ROSÍDEAS Botânica/IBUSP Santalales Acanthaceae 4-5-meria de Caryophyllales Departamento ASTERÍDEAS Aesculus Acanthaceae Euphorbia pólen colporado a porado Ranunculales Eudicotiledôneas Proteales basais Trochodendrales Gunnerales ROSÍDEAS c.140 famílias c. 68.000 spp. (1/4 das angiospermas) Botânica/IBUSP 4-5-meria de Santalales pólen Caryophyllales colporado Departamento Eudicots Eudicots nucleares ASTERÍDEAS c. 96 famílias Sinapomorfias de ROSÍDEAS Botânica/IBUSP de Onagraceae Departamento 1. ESTÍPULAS Haloragaceae Sinapomorfias de Rosídeas 2. Redução do endosperma Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Prunus Pyrus 3. Ácido elágico (taninos) ROSÍDEAS 4. Diplostemonia Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Hypericum hookerianum, Guttiferae Leins 2000 APG-III ROSÍDEAS 2009 18S rDNA rbcL atpB fabídeas atp1 matR Botânica/IBUSP de estípulas malvídeas Departamento redução do endosperma redução VITALES Vitaceae Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Vitis vinifera ROSÍDEAS MALVÍDEAS 8 ordens/ c. 60 famílias Sinapomorfias macromoleculares! Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento MYRTALES ROSÍDEAS MALVÍDEAS 14 famílias/ 9.000 spp. Novidades evolutivas (sinapomorfias): Botânica/IBUSP de 1. Folhas opostas / 2. Redução das estípulas 3. Floema interno Departamento 4. Feixes vasculares bicolaterais 5. Pontoações guarnecidas MYRTALES Novidades evolutivas (sinapomorfias): 5. Hipanto Botânica/IBUSP de 6. Pétalas de base estreita (até unguiculada) 7. Estames inflexosDepartamento no botão 8. Estilete único (gineceu totalmente sincárpico) MYRTACEAE Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Feijoa MYRTACEAE Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Psidium guajava MYRTACEAE estípulas reduzidas Botânica/IBUSP de A, B – Feijoa, Myrtaceae Departamento C – Crypteroniaceae D-F – Terminalia, Combretaceae Dahlgren & Thorne 1984 MYRTACEAE - MYRTALES Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Eucalyptus Syzygium Ronse De Craene 2010 Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Syzygium MYRTACEAE Syzygium Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Eugenia punicifolia Myrciaria cauliflora MYRTACEAE Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae PÓLEN Botânica/IBUSP de Eucalyptus Departamento Erdtman 1986 MELASTOMATACEAE Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento MYRTALES MELASTOMATACEAE Tibouchina Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento MYRTALES MELASTOMATACEAE Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Medinilla Ronse De Craene 2010 Miconia Botânica/IBUSPHuberia de MELASTOMATACEAE Departamento Lavoisiera Melastomataceae Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Botânica/IBUSP de Lavoisiera Departamento MELASTOMATACEAE Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Microlicia multicaulis Tibouchina MELASTOMATACEAE Pereira et al. 2011 Tibouchina sellowiana Botânica/IBUSP de Tibouchina pulchra Departamento Tibouchina pulchra Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento Qualea grandiflora VOCHYSIACEAE - MYRTALES APG-III ROSÍDEAS 2009 18S rDNA rbcL atpB fabídeas atp1 matR Botânica/IBUSP de estípulas malvídeas Departamento redução do endosperma redução BRASSICALES BRASSICACEAE Botânica/IBUSP Brassicade oleracea Departamento síliqua síliqua ROSÍDEAS MALVÍDEAS MALVALES s.l. 10-11 famílias 5.000 spp. Botânica/IBUSP de Departamento MALVACEAE s.l. (4.500 spp.) MALVALES s.l. sinapomorfias: rbcL + atpB Botânica/IBUSP de cálice gamossépalo tricomas estrelados Departamento mucilagem polistemonia (maturação centrífuga) MALVACEAE 250 gêneros 4200 spp. Botânica/IBUSP Sinapomorfias: de folhas actinódromas cálice valvar corola contorta Departamento nectários nas sépalas Heywood 1974 Eremalche Botânica/IBUSP de Prefloração imbricativa contorta Departamento Hibiscus MALVACEAE Botânica/IBUSP
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