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Civil Society in Uncivil Places: Soft State and Regime Change in Nepal
48 About this Issue Recent Series Publications: Policy Studies 48 Policy Studies Policy This monograph analyzes the role of civil Policy Studies 47 society in the massive political mobilization Supporting Peace in Aceh: Development and upheavals of 2006 in Nepal that swept Agencies and International Involvement away King Gyanendra’s direct rule and dra- Patrick Barron, World Bank Indonesia matically altered the structure and character Adam Burke, London University of the Nepali state and politics. Although the opposition had become successful due to a Policy Studies 46 strategic alliance between the seven parlia- Peace Accords in Northeast India: mentary parties and the Maoist rebels, civil Journey over Milestones Places in Uncivil Society Civil society was catapulted into prominence dur- Swarna Rajagopalan, Political Analyst, ing the historic protests as a result of nation- Chennai, India al and international activities in opposition to the king’s government. This process offers Policy Studies 45 new insights into the role of civil society in The Karen Revolution in Burma: Civil Society in the developing world. Diverse Voices, Uncertain Ends By focusing on the momentous events of Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung, University of the nineteen-day general strike from April Massachusetts, Lowell 6–24, 2006, that brought down the 400- Uncivil Places: year-old Nepali royal dynasty, the study high- Policy Studies 44 lights the implications of civil society action Economy of the Conflict Region within the larger political arena involving con- in Sri Lanka: From Embargo to Repression ventional actors such as political parties, trade Soft State and Regime Muttukrishna Sarvananthan, Point Pedro unions, armed rebels, and foreign actors. -
Facets of Democracy: an Overview
Molung Educational Frontier 15 Facets of Democracy: An Overview Aswasthama Bhakta Kharel, PhD* Abstract Democracy allows the expression of political preferences of citizens in a state. It advocates the rule of law, constraints on executive’s power, and guarantees the provision of civil liberties. It also manages to ensure human rights and fundamental freedoms of people. In democracy, people are supposed to exercise their freely expressed will. Ordinary people hold the political power of the state and rule directly or through elected representatives inside a democratic form of government. Democracy is a participatory and liberal way of governing a country. Different countries in the world have been practicing various models of democracy. There remains the participation of people in government and policy-making of the state under democracy. But when the majority can pull the strings of the society without there being legislation for protecting the rights of the minority, it may create a severe risk of oppression. Many countries of the world at the present time are facing democratic deficits. In several countries, the democratic practices are not adequately regulated and governed, as a result, the rise of violations of rules of law is observed. Even a few countries practicing democracy are not living peacefully. This situation has put a significant question about the need and sustainability of democracy. Democracy is a widely used system of governance beyond having several challenges. Here the concept, origin, models, dimensions, practices, challenges, solutions, and future of democracy are dealt to understand the structure of ideal democracy. Keywords: democracy, human rights, rule of law, sustainable development, election Methodology The methodology applied in maintaining this research paper includes documentary analysis qualitatively where different journals, public documents, organizational reports, articles, and books are referred, and their factual data are considered. -
Nepali Times Welcomes Feedback
#304 30 June - 6 July 2006 16 pages Rs 30 Explosive legacy There may be a ceasefire but not a week goes by without children and women dying from bombs scattered across Nepal. On 25 June, the anti-landmine group Geneva Call organised a seminar in Kathmandu that brought together Maoists and the victims of their bombs. On the podium was socket bomb victim 13-year-old Ashok Thapa Magar, sitting next to Maoist leaders Ailman and Ekraj Bhandari (pictured, right). After hearing Ashok’s mother relate how her son was wounded, the audience bombarded the Maoists with questions. Used to getting their way with the gun, the comrades have not yet learnt to engage in public debate. Their response was: war is not a picnic, people are killed and injured. After we attain victory, there will be no more violence, etc. But these answers didn't seem to satisfy Ashok’s mother about why her son had to suffer. Weekly Internet Poll # 304 Q... Do you think the seven party alliance has given in too much to Maoist demands? Total votes: 5,236 Weekly Internet Poll # 305. To vote go to: www.nepalitimes.com Q... Which among these is your favourite team in the 2006 Football World Cup? KIRAN PANDAY Parallel government Everywhere we look, we see double olitical transitions are a for bids resolution rejecting it. aparliamentary proclamations time of confusion. But the The government has a police This is a direct challenge to between 7-16 June to demote the P post-uprising interregnum force, the Maoists have their militia the Maoists and their strategy to king, delink him from the army is looking more and more bizarre. -
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No. 43 Working Papers Working Negotiating Between Unequal Neighbours: India‘s Role in Nepal‘s Recent Constitution-Making Process Prakash Bhattarai December 2018 1 Negotiating Between Unequal Neighbours: India’s Role in Nepal’s Recent Constitution-Making Process1 Prakash Bhattarai ABSTRACT Nepal’s post-conflict constitution-making process has seen the involvement of many international actors. While studies on democracy promotion, to this day, mainly focus on Western “donors” and international organizations, this paper looks at the role played by India in the complicated process of moving from a peace agreement to the establishment of an inclusive, democratic constitution in Nepal. More specifically, it is analysed how a powerful neighbouring democracy (India) participated in what is essentially a domestic negotiation process (constitution-making) with a view to influencing the emerging demo- cratic regime. In terms of the issues on the negotiation table, the analysis shows that India, in pushing for an inclusive constitution, pursued the specific agenda of supporting the inclusion of the Madheshis, an ethnic group mostly living in Nepal’s Terai region. In terms of negotiation strategies, the paper identifies four different ways in which India tried to influence the constitution: high-level dialogue; economic blockade; international coalition building; and targeted support of domestic oppositional forces in Nepal. Com- prehensive as this negotiation strategy was, it only met with partial success. Parameters that limited India’s influence included the domestic strength and legitimacy of the official Nepali position (elite alignment; popular support) as well as scepticism concerning In- dia’s role in Nepal, which was reinforced by India’s overly partisan agenda. -
Nepal's Peace Agreement: Making It Work
NEPAL’S PEACE AGREEMENT: MAKING IT WORK Asia Report N°126 – 15 December 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. APRIL AFTERMATH................................................................................................... 2 A. FROM POPULAR PROTEST TO PARLIAMENTARY SUPREMACY ................................................2 B. A FUNCTIONAL GOVERNMENT?..............................................................................................3 C. CONTESTED COUNTRY ...........................................................................................................5 III. THE TALKS ................................................................................................................... 6 A. A ROCKY START...................................................................................................................6 1. Eight-point agreement.................................................................................................6 2. Engaging the UN ........................................................................................................7 3. Mutual suspicion.........................................................................................................8 B. THE STICKING POINTS............................................................................................................8 1. Arms -
Compliment to Surya Thapa Siddhi B Ranjitkar
Compliment To Surya Thapa Siddhi B Ranjitkar One of the personalities of the regressive force Surya Bahadur Thapa ultimately died at 87 on Wednesday, April 15, 2015. He was cremated on April 17, 2015 with the full state honor. The government even shut down its business for the state employees to mourn the demise of one of the corrupt politicians. I want him to have a better and progressive life in another world, and be an honorable and respectable human soul there unlike what he had been in this mundane world. He had been a tool of the regressive force. He contributed to shove democracy in a trashcan and put the country in the reverse gear in 1960. He helped to reverse the political development in 1981 again lengthening the life of the corrupt panchayat system. He had earned the reputation of being one of the most corrupt politicians during the 55 years of his political life. Shame on the government and the politicians that gave so much of honor to and respect for the man that had become part of the force that put the majority of the Nepalese in misery, poverty and destitute, and put Nepal into the shameful status of one of the impoverished countries in the world map. If the corrupt politicians were to get so much of honor and respect even after death why the politicians would need to be sincere and honest to the people. Shame on the Nepalese politicians, such a corrupt politician was lionized. On Friday, April 17, 2015, the government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal honored one of the most dishonest politicians of the Nepalese history on his untimely death. -
Nepal: Overview of the Political Situation, Including Information on the Treatment of Political Party Members and Supporters by Opponents (2010-2011)
Home > Research > Responses to Information Requests RESPONSES TO INFORMATION REQUESTS (RIRs) New Search | About RIRs | Help 11 January 2012 NPL103942.E Nepal: Overview of the political situation, including information on the treatment of political party members and supporters by opponents (2010-2011) Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ottawa Political Developments, 2010-2011 In 2010 and 2011, media sources and specialists in Nepali politics described the political situation in Nepal as a "political deadlock" (Xinhua 29 Nov. 2010; The Kathmandu Post 29 Nov. 2010; BBC 26 May 2011; AFP 29 Aug. 2011; The Telegraph 2 Nov. 2011; Freedom House 2011). Numerous sources have noted the challenges posed by the lack of consensus between political parties (Time 17 Aug. 2011; BBC 26 May 2011), as well as within them (ibid.; International Crisis Group 13 Dec. 2011, 1, 3; Freedom House 2011). For example, Nepal's legislature, the Constituent Assembly, was elected in 2008 and tasked with drafting a new constitution (UN 30 Aug. 2011; Freedom House 2011; AFP 29 Aug. 2011). Its deadline to produce a constitution has passed and been extended four times: in May 2010, May 2011, August 2011 (UN 30 Aug. 2011), and November 2011 (The Hindu 29 Nov. 2011). According to media sources, the Supreme Court has ruled that the fourth extension will be the last (ibid.; The Kathmandu Post 25 Nov. 2011) and that the Constituent Assembly will be dissolved if it fails to draft a constitution (ibid.). The final deadline has been set for May 2012 (The Hindu 29 Nov. 2011). In June 2010, Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal, of the Unified Marxist- Leninist party (CPN-UML [or UML]) (Human Rights Watch Jan. -
Eight-Point Agreement of the Top Leaders (Press Statement)
Eight-point Agreement of the top leaders (Press Statement) Meeting of the top leaders of Seven Political Parties and CPN (Maoists) has been held in the Prime Minister's residence at Baluwatar today, on 16 June 2006 on the auspicious organization of the Government - Maoists Negotiating Team. The points reached in agreement in the meeting are as follow:- 1. To implement effectively and honestly the 12-points understanding reached between the Seven Political Parties and the CPN (Maoists) on November 23, 2005 and the 25-points Code of Conduct on Ceasefire reached in agreement between the Government of Nepal and CPN (Maoists) and made public by the Government -Maoist Negotiating team on 26 May 2006. 2. To express the commitment to democratic norms and values including competitive multi-party governance system, civic liberties, fundamental rights, human rights, press freedom, and the concept of rule of law, and carry out each other’s activities accordingly in a peaceful manner. 3. To request the United Nations to assist in the management of the armies and arms of both the parties and to monitor them for a free and fair election of the Constituent Assembly. 4. To frame an interim constitution to form an interim government accordingly; announce the date of the election for constituent assembly to dissolve the House of Representatives by making another alternative arrangement through consensus and to dissolve the People’s Governments formed by the CPN (Maoists). by ensuring the democratic rights achieved through the Peoples Movement in 1990 and the recent historic People’s Movement, and by making base to the commitment 1 expressed in the 12-points understanding and the spirit of the preamble of the Code of Conduct on Ceasefire; 5. -
Chronology of Major Political Events in Contemporary Nepal
Chronology of major political events in contemporary Nepal 1846–1951 1962 Nepal is ruled by hereditary prime ministers from the Rana clan Mahendra introduces the Partyless Panchayat System under with Shah kings as figureheads. Prime Minister Padma Shamsher a new constitution which places the monarch at the apex of power. promulgates the country’s first constitution, the Government of Nepal The CPN separates into pro-Moscow and pro-Beijing factions, Act, in 1948 but it is never implemented. beginning the pattern of splits and mergers that has continued to the present. 1951 1963 An armed movement led by the Nepali Congress (NC) party, founded in India, ends Rana rule and restores the primacy of the Shah The 1854 Muluki Ain (Law of the Land) is replaced by the new monarchy. King Tribhuvan announces the election to a constituent Muluki Ain. The old Muluki Ain had stratified the society into a rigid assembly and introduces the Interim Government of Nepal Act 1951. caste hierarchy and regulated all social interactions. The most notable feature was in punishment – the lower one’s position in the hierarchy 1951–59 the higher the punishment for the same crime. Governments form and fall as political parties tussle among 1972 themselves and with an increasingly assertive palace. Tribhuvan’s son, Mahendra, ascends to the throne in 1955 and begins Following Mahendra’s death, Birendra becomes king. consolidating power. 1974 1959 A faction of the CPN announces the formation The first parliamentary election is held under the new Constitution of CPN–Fourth Congress. of the Kingdom of Nepal, drafted by the palace. -
Nepal's Faltering Peace Process
NEPAL’S FALTERING PEACE PROCESS Asia Report Nº163 – 19 February 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................i I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................1 II. CONSENSUS OR CONFLICT? ......................................................................................2 A. WHAT’S LEFT OF THE PEACE PROCESS?.......................................................................................2 B. THE MAOIST-LED GOVERNMENT: IN OFFICE BUT NOT IN POWER? ..............................................3 C. OLD NEPAL: ALIVE AND WELL....................................................................................................5 D. THE RISKS OF FAILURE................................................................................................................6 III. PEACE PARTNERS AT ODDS.......................................................................................8 A. THE MAOISTS: BRINGING ON THE REVOLUTION?.........................................................................8 B. UNCERTAIN COALITION PARTNERS..............................................................................................9 C. THE OPPOSITION: REINVIGORATED, BUT FOR WHAT? ................................................................11 1. The Nepali Congress................................................................................................................. 11 2. The smaller parties ................................................................................................................... -
Nepal Proclaims Itself a 'Federal Democratic Republic'
nepal Nepal proclaims itself a ‘federal democratic republic’ But whether it definitely becomes one is to be decided in April BY AJAYA BHADRA KHanaL N December 2007, Nepal’S interim legislature proclaimed itself “a federal democratic republican state.” Nepal had previously Federations Iamended its constitution to become fed- eral in March 2007, but this bill abolished the monarchy as well. For this poor, land- locked former kingdom in the mountains and foothills of the Himalayas, such a 2008 change would be a huge step. Nepal, H C sandwiched between India and China, R has few natural resources beyond quartz, hydroelectric power, timber and scenery. | MA After a 10-year civil war that drastically RY A hurt tourism and other industries, all RU parties were eager for peace. The monarchists, once one of three FEB main political forces in Nepal (along with the Nepali Congress Party and the Communists), have dwindled into a minor political movement. The monar- chy’s popularity sank after the death of King Birendra in a notorious palace mas- sacre in 2001. After his brother Gyanendra dissolved parliament and took control to battle Maoist insurgents in the civil war, human rights abuses by the government turned many against the king. The resolution in parliament that abolished the monarchy was passed by 270 votes to 3, with 56 abstentions. The vote must still be confirmed by a special PHO AP T constituent assembly to be elected on O/ April 10 to draft a new constitution. bin OD JO OD S H An unlikely choice I With an average Nepali earning less than The end of the road for Nepal’s King Gyanendra came on Dec. -
TESTING TIMES for DEMOCRACY in NEPAL Relevant For: International Relations | Topic: India - Nepal
Source : www.idsa.in Date : 2021-06-18 TESTING TIMES FOR DEMOCRACY IN NEPAL Relevant for: International Relations | Topic: India - Nepal More from the author The President of Nepal, Bidya Devi Bhandari, on May 22, exercising her power under Article 76(7) on the advice of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli, dissolved the House of Representatives or the Lower House of the Nepal Parliament and announced fresh elections. This decision was taken after political parties failed to form a new government under Article 76(5) of the constitution. The president’s office in a statement said: “While considering the fact that same members have been counted on both sides [K.P. Sharma Oli and Sher Bahadur Deuba], members have supported one another against the party decision and request from the concerned party to disregard their support … both the claims to obtain vote of confidence of the House of Representatives as per the Article 76(5) of the Constitution to be appointed as the Prime Minister do not stand valid.”1 Therefore, neither of them could form a new government by May 21 (9:00 pm), as per the deadline set by the President a day before. This is the second time the House has been dissolved in last five months. Previously, it was dissolved in December 2020. The Supreme Court, however, had reinstated the House on February 23, 2021, after hearing over a dozen writ petitions questioning the decision to dissolve the House. Like last year, this time too, the decision to dissolve the House was met with overwhelming resistance from across the Nepali society and the opposition parties.