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N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 260/2, 173-184 Article published online March 2011 Revision of Jaxea kuemeli BACHMAYER, 1954 (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Laomediidae) from the Miocene of Europe, with remarks on the palaeobiogeography of the genus Jaxea NARDO, 1847 Matus Hyzny With 7 figures and 2 tables HYZNY,M. (2011): Revision of Jaxea kuemeli BACHMAYER,1954 (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Laomediidae) from the Miocene of Europe, with remarks on the palaeobiogeography of the genus Jaxea NARDO, 1847. - N. lb. Geol. Paliiont. Abh., 260: 173-184; Stuttgart. Abstract: The present contribution reevaluates the fossil record of the genus Jaxea (Decapoda: Ge- biidea: Laomediidae) and gives an emended diagnosis and an updated description of Jaxea kuemeli based on well preserved material from the lower and middle Miocene strata of Austria, Slovakia and Hungary. The species is distinguished from the extant J. nocturna on the basis of the tooth formula of the chelipeds. The geographic distribution and the palaeobiogeography of the genus is discussed and migration from the Tethys eastward towards the present-day Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Miocene time is proposed. The fossil record of the family Laomediidae is shortly reviewed. The monotypical genus Reschia from the Tithonian of southern Germany once tentatively assigned to Laomediidae is excluded from the family. Key words: Decapoda, Laomediidae, Jaxea, Miocene, palaeobiogeography. 1. Introduction A recent study of the type material of Jaxea kuemeli oriented cervical groove. However, a re-examination BACHMAYER,1954 from the middle Miocene of the of the type material has now revealed that what was Vienna Basin, plus additional specimens from sev- described as a complete dorsal carapace is only a frag- erallocalities in Austria, Slovakia and Hungary (Fig. ment lacking the posterior portion. As a consequence, 1) permits a refinemet of the original description and the position of the cervical groove only appeared to an emendation of the diagnosis of the species. Up to be more posterior from the midpoint of the carapace now, the only material assigned to J. kuemeli were the (exclusive of rostrum). However, it actually is more rather poorly preserved types (Fig. 2), which explains or less identical with that of the two extant species J. why doubts were occasionally expressed as to the va- nocturna and J. novaezealandiae WEAR & YALDWYN, lidity of this taxon (MOLLER 1993, 1998). According 1966. Jaxea kuemeli is here considered as a distinct to BACHMAYER(1954), J. kuemeli is extremely close species distinguishable from its congeners on the basis to J. nocturna NARDO, 1847, the differences involv- of the tooth formula of the chelipeds. ing the smaller size of the former, the slightly more All Miocene occurrences of Jaxea have been re- slender shape of the carapace and the more posteriorly examined and screened by the author. © 2011 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany www.schweizerbart.de 001: 10.1127/0077-7749/2011/0165 0077-7749/2011/0165 $ 3.00 174 M. Hyzny Czech Republic , ,..- Great Hungarian Basin ,,. , I ,-._.,. Fig. 1. Studied area of the Carpathian-Pannonian Basin complex of the Central Paratethys (modified from HARZHAUSERet al. 2003). Pre-Neogene sediments and basement are shaded in grey. Studied localities: 1-Pramhof and Ottnang ("Ottnangian"), 2 - borehole Hohenruppersdorf 23 near Martinsdorf (middle-late "Badenian"), 3 - PhiSt'ovce (lower "Badenian"), 4 - boreholes Alsoszuha 1 and Matraalmas T-4 ("Karpatian"), 5 - Retznei (lower "Badenian"). 2. The family laomediidae Borradaile, RASAWA,1989 and Laurentiella imaizumii KARASAWA, 1903 in the fossil record 1993, all known from Miocene strata (Table 1). The genus Axianassa SCHMITT,1924, once con- This family currently comprises five genera (DE sidered to be a laomediid, has recently been removed GRAVEet ai. 2009), namely Espeleonaushonia JUAR- from the family and accomodated in a family of its RERO& MARTINEZ-IGLESIASin JUARREROet aI., 1997; own, the Axianassidae SCHMITT,1924 (DE GRAVEet ai. Jaxea NARDO, 1847; Laomedia DE HAAN, 1847; Lau- 2009). rentiella LE LOEUFF & INTEs, 1974 and Naushonia Lately, another monotypical genus, Reschia SCH- KINGSLEY,1897. The fossil record of the family is very WEIGERT,2009, was described from the lower Titho- patchy and up to now only three, exclusively fossil, nian Solnhofen Lithographic Limestones in southern species have been confidently assigned to the family. Germany, on the basis of a single, rather poorly pre- These are Jaxea kuemeli, Laomedia praeastacina KA- served specimen, tentatively assigned to the Laomedii- dae (SCHWEIGERT2009). However, in that genus at least Table 1. Occurrences of the family Laomediidae in the the first two pairs of pereiopods are chelate, which fossil record: conflicts with the diagnosis of the family Laomedii- Jaxea nocturna early Pliocene Italy, Spain dae, whose members never possess a chelate second early-middle Austria, Slovakia, Jaxea kuemeli pair of pereiopods (WEAR & YALDWYN1966: 3; YALD- Miocene Hungary WYN& WEAR 1972: 127; POORE1994: 103). Moreover, Laomedia early-middle Japan a linea thalassinica is not visible (SCHWEIGERTpers. praeastacina Miocene comm., June 2010) in the type of Reschia barbarae Laurentiella early-middle Japan imaizumii Miocene SCHWEIGERT,2009 and the shape of the reconstructed Note. - NGoc-Ho (2003) considered the material of Jaxea cf. nocturna cervical groove (SCHWEIGERT2009: fig. 7b) is unlike described by DELLE CAVE (1988) and MULLER (1993) to be con specific that of any known laomediid. Thus, Reschia is herein with extant Jaxea nocturna. I concur. excluded from the family Laomediidae. Revision of Jaxea kuemeli BACI-MAYER, 1954 (Decapod a: Gebiidea: Laomediidae) 175 B D Fig. 2. Type material of Jaxea kuemeli BACHMAYER,1954. A, B - Isolated left propodus (paratype - NHMW 2006z0422/0002) and its interpretive drawing. C, D - Broken cephalothorax with three abdominal segments (holotype - NHMW 2006z0422/000l) and its interpretive drawing. Scale bar for all figures = 5 mm. 3. The genus Jaxea in the fossil record could be said of J. kuemeli. SCHWEITZERet al. (2010) listed Jaxea kuemeli as a separate species. For recognition of Jaxea in the fossil record the typical The present contribution adds several occurrences cheliped shape usually suffices. of J. kuemeli from the Miocene of Austria and Slo- The only known exclusively fossil species of Jaxea vakia and introduces in detail for the first time fos- was described as J. kuemeli by BACHMAYER(1954), on sil material from Hungary, which was until now only the basis of two specimens (Fig. 2). This material orig- briefly mentioned in the literature (MOLLER 1993: 5; inates from borehole Hohenruppersdorf 23 in Lower GARASSINOet al. 2009: 74). Austria and represents the only fossil remains of Jaxea from the Vienna Basin. Other published occurrences of fossil Jaxea in- 4. Systematic palaeontology clude reports from the Miocene of Spain (MOLLER Institutional abbreviations: The repositories of specimens 1993) and northern Hungary (MOLLER 1993: 5), and illustrated or referred to below are as follows: NHMW - the Pliocene of Spain (MAYORALet al. 1998; GARASSINO Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (Austria); SNM-Z - Prfro- et al. 2009) and Italy (DELLECAVE1988). For a short dovedne muzeum SNM, Bratislava (Slovakia); M - Hungar- review of these occurrences, reference is made to GAR- ian Natural History Museum, Budapest (Hungary); GW - Gerhard Wanzenbock Collection, Bad Voslau (Austria). ASSINOet al. (2009). DELLECAVE(1988) reported thirty fragmented adult Infraorder Gebiidea DESAINTLAURENT,1979 specimens from the lower Pliocene of Tuscany (Italy) Family Laomediidae BORRADAILE,1903 referred to as Jaxea d. nocturna and pointed out it was not possible to differentiate them from extant J. Genus Jaxea NARDO,1847 nocturna. Later, NGoc-Ho (2003) considered that ma- terial to be conspecific with that species. I concur with Type species: Jaxea nocturna NARDO,1847, by original this opinion. According to MOLLER(1993), the same designation. 176 M. Hyzny chelipeds it should be noted that the other extant species, J. novaezealandiae, can be distinguished from J. nocturna on various features of the third maxilliped, dorsal carapace as well as the chelipeds (for more details see WEAR & YALDWYN 1966: 4). The tooth formula of J. novaezealandiae differs markedly from that of J. nocturna (compare WEAR & YALD- WYN1966: fig. 1; holotype photograph of J. novaezealandi- ae available at the Museum of New Zealand web-site http:// collections. tepapa.govt.nz/ob jectdetails.aspx?oid=512945). Jaxea kuemeli BACHMAYER, 1954 Figs. 2A-D, 3B, 5A-C, 6A-C, 7A-D v*1954 Jaxea kiimeli BACHMAYER,1954, p. 64, pI. 1, figs 1-2. 1966 Jaxea kuemeli BACHMAYER.- WEAR & YALDWYN,p. 4. 1969 Jaxea kuemeli BACHMAYER.- GLAESSNER,p. R477, Fig. 3. Chelipeds of Jaxea nocturna NARDO,1847 and Jaxea fig. 284.4a, b. kuemeli BACHMAYER,1954. A - J. nocturna. B - J. kuemeli. 1984 Jaxea kuemeli BACHMAYER.- MOLLER,p. 49. Note the position oflarge median tooth on pollex. 1985 Jaxea kuemeli BACHMAYER. - PERVESLER & DWORSCHAK,table 3. 1988 Jaxea kuemeli BACHMAYER.- DELLECAVE,p. 4. 1993 Jaxea kuemeli BACHMAYER.- MOLLER,p. 5. v 1993 some, yet not described, chelae. - MOLLER,p. 5. Diagnosis: See NGoc-Ho (2003: 501). 1998 Jaxea kiimeli BACHMAYER.- MAYORALet aI., p. 508. 1998 Jaxea kuemeli BACHMAYER.- MOLLER,p. 9. Remarks: Currently, the genus Jaxea is represented by just 2009 Jaxea kiimeli BACHMAYER.- GARASSINOet aI., p. 74. two species, J. nocturna and J. novaezealandiae. However,
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    invertebrate Systematics, 2002, 16, 839- 847 Molecular phylogeny of the mud lobsters and mud shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea) using nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial16S rDNA C. C. TudgeA,C and C. W CunninghamB ABiology Department, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20016-8007, USA and Department of Systematic Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA. 8 Department of Zoology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0325, USA. .. cTo whom correspondance should be addressed. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Partial sequences of the 18S nuclear and 16S mitochondrial ribosomal genes were obtained for 14 species of thalassinidean shrimp (families Callianassidae, Laomediidae, Strahlaxiidae, Thalassinidae and Upogebiidae) and a further six species in related decapod infraorders (families Aeglidae, Astacidae, Lithodidae, Palinuridae, Raninidae and Scyllaridae). Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses show equivocal support for the monophyly of the Thalassinidea, but show strong support for division of the infraorder into two major clades. This dichotomy separates representatives in the Upogebiidae, Laomediidae and Thalassinidae from those in the Strahlaxiidae and Callianassidae. The Laomediidae is shown to be paraphyletic, with the thalassinid species, Thalassina squamifera, being placed on a branch between Axianassa and a clade comprising Jaxea and Laomedia, the three current laomediid genera. For a monophyletic Laomediidae, the family Axianassidae should be resurrected for the genus Axianassa. Introduction relationships among four thalassinidean families and the Anomura (Fig. 1B). A period of 56 years elapsed before any The decapod infraorder Thalassinidea is a group of cryptic, further publications on the phylogenetic relationships within marine, burrowing shrimp-like or lobster-like crustaceans this obscure, but taxonomically large, infraorder emerged.
  • An Update on Reproduction in Ghost Shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea) and Mud Lobsters… 233

    An Update on Reproduction in Ghost Shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea) and Mud Lobsters… 233

    DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.75067 Provisional chapter Chapter 11 An Update onon Reproduction Reproduction in in Ghost Ghost Shrimps Shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea) and Mud Lobsters (Decapoda: (Decapoda: Axiidea) and Mud Lobsters (Decapoda: Gebiidea) Gebiidea) Patricio Hernáez Patricio Hernáez Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75067 Abstract In this report, I review the taxonomic history, body adaptations, ecology, and reproduc- tion of the infraorders Axiidea (ghost shrimps) and Gebiidea (mud lobsters). Known until recently as the “Thalassinidea,” modern classification divided Axiidea into six families and Gebiidea into five. Ghost shrimps are characterized by having the first and second pereiopod chelate and a soft and delicate body, whereas mud lobsters possess the first pereiopod chelate or subchelate and second pereiopod subchelate or simple with a hard and heavily calcified body. Among the main body adaptations of these organisms are distinguished: (i) carapace laterally compressed, (ii) pleon longer than the cephalotho- rax in ghost shrimps but usually shorter in mud lobsters, and (iii) anterior feet thrown directly forward. Current accounting of axiideans and gebiideans reaches around 781 and 240 extant species, respectively, with major number of species in Callianassidae and Upogebiidae within of each clade. Male reproductive system involves paired testes linked to the vas deferens that open in gonopores on the ventral coxal segment of the fifth pereiopod. In females, the reproductive system is composed of paired and colored ova- ries, one ovary shorter than another, and a pair of short and translucent oviducts linking each ovary to the gonopore, this latter located on the ventral coxal of the third pereiopod.