FINAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

NEW MOLASSES BASED DISTILLERY (100 KLPD)

For KARAN SUGARS PVT. LTD.

GAT No: 487/488 A/2 & 488A/3, HARWAD, TAL: SHIROL, DIST: KOLHAPUR. (M.S) Prepared By

Mantras Green Resources Ltd. (Engineers & Environmental Consultant) NABET/QCI Accredited Consultant Sr. No 96th (List 5 September, 2014) An ISO 9001:2008 Certified. B-5,B-7, Flushing Meadows, Plot No. 63, Mahatma nagar Nashik-422007 Ph- +253 2355665/2355086 E-Mail: [email protected] [email protected] September 2014 TOR Index

TOR Description Page No/ point Annexure no 1 Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating Refer annexure storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc XLVII, VIII 2 Details of proposed products along with manufacturing capacity Chapter-2 page No. 4 3 Number of working days of the distillery unit. 330 days Chapter-2 page No. 14 4 Details of raw materials, its source with availability of molasses Chapter-2 page No. 13 5 Manufacturing process details of distillery along with process flow chart Chapter-2 Page No. 5 - 10 6 Sources and quantity of fuel (rice husk/bagasse/ coal etc.) for the boiler. Chapter-2 page No. 11 Measures to take care of SO2 emission. A copy of Memorandum of

Understanding (MoU) signed with the coal suppliers should be submitted. 7 Storage facilities for raw materials, prepared alcohol, fuels and fly ash. Annexure XL VIII 8 One season site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, Chapter 3 relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall and AAQ

data (except monsoon) for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX , CO and HC (methane & non methane) shall be collected. The monitoring stations should take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. Data for water and noise monitoring should also be included. 9 Mathematical modeling for calculating the dispersion of air pollutants and Annexure 5 ground level concentration along with emissions from the boiler’s stack. 10 Details of boiler and its capacity. Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Chapter-2 Page No. 10 11 Ground water quality around proposed spent wash storage lagoon and the Chapter 3 project area 12 Details of water requirement, water balance chart for proposed project. Chapter-4 Measures for conservation water by recycling and reuse to minimize the Page No. 5 fresh water requirement. 13 Source of water supply and permission of withdrawal of water from Annexure Competent Authority 14 Proposed effluent treatment system for grain/molasses based distillery (spent Chapter 2 wash and spent lees) along with utility wastewater including CPP/Co-gen Page No. 16 Unit (wherever applicable) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero discharge. Details of treatment of effluent generation from sugar unit 15 Spent wash generation should not exceed 8 KL/KL of alcohol production. Chapter-4 Details of the spent wash treatment for molasses based distillery based page No.7 distillery. 16 Capacity for spent wash holding tank and action plan to control ground 30 days water pollution Chapter 4 Page 7 to 9 17 Layout for storage of bagasse/biomass/coal. Annexure XLVIII 18 Capacity for spent wash holding tank and action plan to control ground 30 days water pollution. Chapter 4 Page 7 to 9 19 Dryer shall be installed to dry DWGS Not applicable 20 Layout for storage of rice husk/biomass/coal. Not applicable 21 Details of solid waste management including management of boiler ash. Chapter-6 page No.4 22 Risk assessment for storage and handling of alcohol and mitigation measure Chapter-8 due to fire and explosion and handling areas page No.10 23 Alcohol storage and handling area fire fighting facility as per norms. Chapter-8 Provision of Foam System for fire fighting to control fire from the alcohol page No.5 storage tank. 24 Action plan for development of green belt over 33 % of the total project area Chapter-6 within plant premises with at least 10 meter wide green belt on all sides page No.5 along the periphery of the project area, in downward direction, and along road sides etc 25 Detailed Environment management Plan (EMP) with specific reference to Chapter-6 details of air pollution control system, water & wastewater management, page No.1-8 monitoring frequency, responsibility and time bound implementation plan for mitigation measure should be provided. 26 EMP should also include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/ Chapter-6 recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. page No.1-8 27 Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site should be Chapter-4 included to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to page No.11 recharge the ground water. 28 Details of occupational health surveillance programme Chapter-6 page No.6 29 Transportation of raw materials and finished products for the project Chapter 4 (proposed/expansion) in respect of existing traffic, type of vehicles, Page 13 frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc 30 Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring. Chapter-7 31 Corporate Environmental Responsibility 32 (a) Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved Chapter 7 by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. (b) Does the Environmental Policy prescribe for standard operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. (c) What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions. Details of this system may be given. (d) Does the company have a system of reporting of non compliance / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism should be detailed in the EIA report. 33 At least 5 % of the total cost of the project should be earmarked towards the Confirmed Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item- wise details along with time bound action plan should be prepared and incorporated

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 INTRODUCTION Karan Sugars Pvt. Ltd hereafter being referred as project proponent or KSPL or project proponent (PP) in this text belongs to Kalani Group of companies. The group has diverse interests in packaging, distillery and bottling, dairy and dairy products etc. KSPL is owned by Mr Dharmpal Kalani and his associates. KSPL purchased an existing distillery of 30 KLPD owned by Shetmal Sahakari Prakriaya Sansthan Ltd located at village Herwad in taluka Shirol in district Kolhapur.. The unit was producing alcohol from cane juice.

The company was not able to operate and suffered losses due to several reasons major one being non availability of cane for juice extraction. Cane was being picked up by sugar mills in the vicinity and severe price fluctuations in cane price affected profitability.

Unit was non operational much before the present project proponent took over.

There are several sugar mills in area who do not have own distillery. Hence sufficient molasses and bagasse are available from within 50 km area of location. A detailed list of surrounding sugar mills, their installed capacity and capacity of distillery installed if any is reproduced below:

Name of factory Distance Capacity last year Distillery TCD Crushing KLPD Shree Datta sahakari sakhar karkhana Ltd 18 Km 7000 91800 60 Sirod, Dist- Kolhapur Shree Gurudutta Sucrose Ltd Takrewadi 8 KM 2500 670000 Nil Sirod Dist- Kolhapur Shree Jawahar Shetkari Sahakari Sakhar 23 KM 9000 1428000 Nil Karkhana Ltd, Hupari,Tal- Hatkanangale Dist- Kolhapur Shri Sharad Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd 45 KM 2500 589000 Nil Narande Tal- Tal- Hatkanangale Dist- Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Kolhapur

Shree Panchganga Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana 23 KM 5000 740000 Nil Ltd Ganganagar Ichalkaranji Tal- Hatkanangale Dist- kolhapur Shri Chhatrapati Rajaram Sahakari Sakhar 49 Km 2200 410000 Nil Karkhana Ltd, kasba bawda, Dist Kolhapur Shree Chattrapati Shahu SSKL Kagal Tal- 36 Km 3500 731000 45 kagal Dist- Kolhapur Vasantdado SSKL Madhavnagar Sangali 34 Km 5000 530000 Nil Tal Miraj Dist - Sangli Shree Guppy Sugar Works Ltd, Kagwad, Tal 30 Km 5000 46600 Nil – chikkodi Dist – Belgaon Karnataka Shree Shiv Shakti Sugar ltd Yadrav Ankali 41 Km 2500 390000 Nil tal- Chikodi, Dist Belgaum Karnataka Dudhganga- Krushna SSK Ltd, Nanandi, tal- 32 Km 60000 836000 Nil Chikkodi Dist Belgaon, Karnataka Venkateshwara Power Project Bedkihal Tal- 18 Km 3500 707000 Nil Chikodi dist- Belgaum Karnataka Uugar Sugar Ltd, Ugar khurd Tal-Chikodi 48 Km 10,000 1156000 Old dist- Belgaum Karnataka 30 KLPD New 45 KLPD

Total 117700 180 KLPD Molasses generated / required 4708 MT 720 KLPD

Molasses required for 100 KLPD distillery proposed 400 KLPD

All above units are operational as shown in column showing total cane crushed last year. If cane crushed by Karnataka factories 81,000 MTD is excluded still 1468 KLPD molasses is available for alcohol production from nearby factories in Maharashtra..

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 2 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Hence it was clear to new management that a molasses based distillery is feasible at this site and it will present an opportunity for surrounding sugar mills to dispose molasses generated in their factory for profit at a site not involving much transportation.

Karan Sugars Pvt. Ltd. proposes to dismantle existing sugar cane based distillery of 30 KLPD and install a new molasses based distillery of capacity 100 KLPD. Since the project falls in category “A” of schedule of activities 5(g) of EIA notification SO1533 dated 14th September 2006 the proposed activity is under the preview of notification. The industry applied for TOR to the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) India and received approved TOR wide MoEF reference F. No. J-11011/857/2008- IA II (I) dated 25 Feb. 2009.

There will be no shortage of raw material for the proposal.

Hence new management decided to dismantle the old unit with old sugar cane based process.

KSPL plans to use existing building as it is, hence no dismantling of building and administrative offices is involved. Existing boiler and Existing turbine will be retained as stand by. Other equipments like cane unloading arrangement, cane crusher, cane conveyor and associated accessories will be sold as scrap. New equipment suitable to manufacture 100 KLD alcohols from molasses will be procured.

The process will be based on Continuous fermentation Technology.

KSPL will generate electrical power 2250 KW suitable to meet its own requirement. Special incineration boiler will be procured which shall use bagasse as fuel sources and will be suitable for spraying concentrated spent wash to ensure zero discharge.

100% power so generated will be used for own production and no supplies shall be made to MSEB grid.

Project proponent applied to MoEF in prescribed format for “TOR”. Since there was an existing distillery of 30 KLPD, the application was made for expansion from 30 KLPD to 100 KLPD with change in process from cane juice based to molasses based.

Project was discussed in 91st EAC meeting under item no 4.3 held on 9/2/2009

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 3 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

MoEF allotted “TOR” for proposal on 25/02/2009. However “TOR” did not mention change in process.

Consultant prepared draft EIA for indicating full capacity generation from molasses and submitted same to MPCB for conducting public hearing as it was specified in “TOR”

First Public hearing for proposed project was conducted at Meeting hall at existing Factory site, Herwad, Tal Shirol Dist. Kolhapur (M.S.) on 23-5-2012

The public hearing process was supervised and presided by Mr. Tushar Thombre–SDO as Additional Collector and District Magistrate -District was not available.

We incorporated public comments, prepared final EIA and applied to MoEF on 16th July 2012 for consideration of EC

Proceedings of this public hearing was rejected by MoEF as it was presided by an officer of SDO rank under ref letter no. J-11011/857/2008- IA II (I) dated 9th May 2013.

MoEF directed to conduct fresh public hearing wide above letter.

Public hearing was re-conducted at same location at Meeting hall of existing Factory on 8th November 2013.

The public hearing process was supervised and presided by Mr. Sanjay Pawar –Additional Collector and District Magistrate -District Kolhapur (Maharashtra ).

Shri S.S. Doke -Regional Officer -Maharashtra Pollution Control Board MPCB- Kolhapur was present as panel member.

Consultant incorporated public comments, prepared final EIA and submitted same to MoEF for EC on 6th December 2013. Case was discussed in 17th meeting of reconstituted expert appraisal committee meeting held on 18 March 2014 under item no 17.6.6

During the discussions EAC pointed out that original TOR issued to us did not include change in process as from cane juice based to molasses based.

Committee directed PP to amend form-1 and prefeasibility report proposing new distillery of 100 KLPD capacity, totally molasses based is proposed. Existing sugar cane juice based distillery shall be dismantled.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 4 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Committee also indicated proceedings of second public hearing will be acceptable. Following is the test of minutes of meeting

“The existing project had obtained an EC in 2003 in the name of another company. The existing unit was transferred to Karan Sugars. The Committee noted that PP has submitted EIA-EMP report for expansion of distillery from 30 KLPD to 100 KLPD with change in process cane juice based to molasses, in the existing premises. PP also clarified that the existing 30 KLPD distillery will be scrapped and complete 100 KLPD distillery based on molasses will be installed. Thus there is change in the scope of project. It was also noted that existing EC was issued in the name of some other Company. The Committee after deliberations recommended the PP to submit revised Form-1 along with pre-feasibility report along with documents/details of transfer. Based on submitted documents, further course of action will be decided in this regard.”

Hence we revised basic information; form-1 and prefeasibility report as directed by EAC as per 17th EAC MOM and resubmitted same on 17th April 2014. As committed EAC amended the TOR wide their minutes of meeting on 29th Sept 2014 and accepted proceedings of second public hearing.

The present EIA is modified as per amended TOR issued.

2.0 PROJECT DETAILS KSPL proposes to dismantle existing industry at its site and install a new distillery molasses based at this site.

Sr No Proposal 1. Capacity ( Tor point. 2) 100 KLPD 2. Product ( Tor point. 2) RS/AA/ENA 3. Raw material Molasses 4. Raw material required 400 MT/day 5. Raw material sources Sugar mills in vicinity 6. Steam consumption 528 MT/day 7. Boiler 25 TPH

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 5 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

8. Fuel bagasse 270 MT/day Bagasse plus spent wash 142 MTD bagasse Plus 6.15 MTD spent wash 9. Ash generation 13.5 MT/day 10. Control equipment Bag filter 11. Ash disposal Brick manufacturing 12. Cogeneration of power 2.2 MW 13. Power required 2.2 MW 14. Water requirement 805 m3/day 15. Source of water Panchganga rive 2.7 km away 16. Spent wash generation 800 m3/day 17. Biogas generation 26000 m3/day 18. Spent wash after concentration 150 m3/day 19. Disposal Burning with bagasse in incineration boiler Zero Discharge

3.0 LAND UTILIZATION PP has in possession 25 acres land. 33% of available land will be reserved for green belt development in conformity with amended TOR. About 300 plants have been planted. Balance land has been used for manufacturing, storage, bagasse storage, ash storage, biodigestor followed by multiple effect evaporator, utilities like incineration boiler, turbine and others.

The new project will be installed in existing land in possession of KSPL hence no additional land purchase is involved and no resettlement and rehabilitation issues are involved.

4.0 LOCATION The distillery site is located at Village – Harwad, Tal. – Shirol, Dist. – Kolhapur, Maharashtra. The surrounding villages are Kurundwad, Herwad, Abdulat, Latwadi, Ghosarwadi, Akiwat, Takaliwadi, Majarewadi, and Shirdawad surrounded to the site.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 6 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

The study area lies between the North Latitude: - 160 38’ to170 34’ and East Longitude: - 740 34’ to 75019’ and can be located in survey of India Toposheet Nos: -47 L/10.

The area surrounding the proposed plant site is flat and is at the elevation about 557 meters above the sea level. The surface soil in the area is mainly red brown and light brown soil.

Rivers and Water Bodies:- Panchganga River flows 2.7 km away from the site. Nearest city : Kurundwad 5.3 KM Nearest highway : SH 137 -Echalkanji to Shirol Nearest airport : Kolhapur 30 Km Kurundwad is well connected to all the important places by Road.

Maharashtra is the sugar cane growing area and thus the raw material availability is assured.

Being industrially backward area, it attracts government incentives which can help to improve the economics of the project.

There is no wildlife sanctuary/reserve forest within 10 km radius from the site.

Temple of khindraweshwar is about 8.7 KM crow fly distance which is an archeological monument.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 7 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

4.1 COST OF PROJECT PP has already invested in the existing project a sum of Rs 15.75 crores in procuring the site with old plany. Old equipments are to be dismantled. Now factory proposes to set up modified equipment for molasses based process, treatment of spent wash by biodigester followed by multiple effect evaporator and burning in boiler, increased steam generation and cogeneration of power, Additional total estimated cost for above change is estimated as Rs 22 crores.

Hence presently the total cost of project is estimated as Rs 37.75 Cr.

5.1 WATER BUDGET (Tor Point.12) Water requirement of existing project the increase due to expansion and change in process and total requirement during start up are detailed below: All values in m3/day

Particular Total Reuse Reason (m3/day) (m3/day)

Process 1260 330 Water recovery

Condensing, cooling and blow 200 -- Loss down

Boiler Make up 466 346 Condensate recovery

Floor washing 15 15 By treated effluent

Sanitary 15 15 By treated effluent

Drinking 15 --

Greenbelt 30 By treated effluent

Fire services 20 20 Not required daily

490 Water recovery from MEE

Total 2021 1216

Final Water requirement 805

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 8 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

5.1. POWER REQUIRED The power required for the operating Molasses based distillery plant would be 2.2 MW. For uninterrupted operation of the plant a Turbo Generator set will be necessary. Existing TG set producing 750 KW/hr power will be retained and additional TG set to generate 1500 KW/hr shall be installed making factory self reliant on its requirement of 2200 KW/hr power.

Power plant will be operated by steam generated from 25 TPH boiler using bagasse and concentrated spent wash as fuel. Plant steam requirements will be met from extracting steam at required pressure from turbine exhaust.

5 .2 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT Total number of persons proposed to be employed for the proposed distillery is expected to be 70 in direct employment. In addition about 100 unskilled persons will be engaged in bagasse handling, ash processing, coal handling and transportation and will be indirectly employed.

5.3 MANUFACTURING PROCESS Molasses is the major raw material used in India for production of Alcohol. Molasses contains about 50% total sugars, of which, 30 to 33% are cane sugar and the rest are reducing sugar. During the fermentation, yeast strains of the species saccharomyces cerevisiae, a living micro-organism belonging to class fungi converts sugar present in the molasses, such as sucrose or glucose to alcohol. Chemically this transformation for sucrose to alcohol can be approximated by the equation.

I) C12H 22O11 + H2O = C6H12O6 * C6H12O6 Sucrose Water = Glucose Fructose

II) C6H12O 6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

180 = 2x46 + 2x44

Glucose Ethyl Alcohol Carbon- dioxide

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 9 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

The 180 gm of sugars on reaction gives 92 gm of alcohol. Therefore, 1 ton of sugar will yield 511kgs of alcohol. The sq. gravity of alcohol is 0.7934.

Therefore, 511kg of alcohol is equivalent to 511/0.7934=644 lire of Alcohol.

During fermentation other by products like glycerin, succinine acid etc. are also formed form sugars. Therefore actually 94.5% total fermentable sugars are available for conversion to alcohol theoretically.

Hence normally only 80 to 82% efficiencies are realized on plant. One ton of molasses containing 45% F sugars and gives alcoholic yield 255- 265 liters per ton.

Above biochemical reaction requires proper and careful handling of yeast, maintaining pH and proper temperature control and substrate concentration by which maximum conversion of sugars to alcohol is achieved.

The process of manufacture is illustrated in a flow chart on next page.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 10 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Process Flow Chart

Molasses storage

Molasses Weighed and Diluted

Yeast Propagated with Molasses in Sterilized Separate Vessel

Fermentation

Clarified Wash Tank

Analyzer Column

Pre – Rectifier Column if Required

Rectifier Column

Exhaust Column

Re - Boiler

Fusel Oil Separated & Alcohol Returned

RS/ENA/AA

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 11 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

7.0 EMISSIONS AND DISCHARGES DUE TO PROPOSAL

7.1 Emissions in air: When new boiler of 25 TPH will be run the existing boilers will not be required to operate. An estimated 1.35 MT/day of fly ash discharge is expected in air due to boiler operation.

7.2 Water pollution The industry will utilize latest technology of treatment of spent wash 800 m3/day by recovering biogas and then concentrating followed by burning of spent wash in boiler, thus adopting zero effluent discharge system.

7.3 Noise pollution Operation of a distillery does not involve any heavy duty impact type of machinery operation hence does not contribute to noise pollution.

7.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

When new boiler of 25 TPH will be run the existing boilers will not be required to operate. An estimated 12.15 MT/day of bottom ash discharge is expected in due to boiler operation.

7.5 Biodiversity

The proposed activity is to be done at existing site itself. Further industry has opted for zero discharge system of spent wash treatment hence no effect is expected on existing biodiversity of region.

8.0 BASELINE STUDIES (ToR Point. 05)

The actual on site monitoring of existing environmental setting was done to establish the baseline conditions with respect to climate, hydrological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology, socio-economic profile. The study covered an area within 10 km radius from the Plant site. The studies for the project was carried out in the study area in winter month after monsoon in 2012 Data on baseline condition of water environment of the study area was collected and observations are as under:

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 12 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Parameters Actual average values Ambient Air quality

PM10 70 100

PM 2.5 45 60

SO2 9.2 80

NOx 7.6 80

It may be seen observed values of monitored parameters are within prescribed standards. (Monitoring location: Project site, Herwad, Takaliwadi, Dattawad and Abdul lat etc)

8.1 GROUND WATER pH in ground water sample was observed at (Project site, Dattawad, Takaliwadi, Herwad) to be in the range 7.0 to 7.5 while conductivity was observed in the range of 1-3 . The value of alkalinity and hardness were observed in the range of 150 -200 mg/l and 400 to 450 mg/l respectively. Whereas heavy metal was found to be within the limit.

8.2 SURFACE WATER There is rivers in the study area is Panchganga River. The sampling locations were selected at 3 different stations of river at a distance of 500m.

Samples were collected and analyzed as per standard methods and frequency of sampling was thrice /station. pH observed to be in the range of 7.3 to 7.5 and conductivity varies from 0.5 – 0.8 mg/l. Chloride and Sulphate were observed to be in the range of 89 to 24 mg/l and from mg/l respectively. The heavy metal contents are found well within the limit.

8.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT: Noise level measurement was carried out at each ambient air quality station and also within the existing plant premises.

The frequency of ambient noise level monitoring and noise level at source were twice/week/station and thrice/station respectively. Ambient noise levels were recorded in following time schedule:

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 13 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Day time - 6 am to 7 am. 9 am to 10 am.1 pm to 2 pm, 5 pm to 6 pm, 9 pm to 10 pm Night time - at 10 pm to 6 am.

Location Day (dB unit) Night (dB unit)

Project Site 56 44

Herwad 58 40

Takaliwadi 56 40

Abdul lat 59 36

Dattawad 54 35

9.0 PREDICTION AND MITIGATIONOF IMPACTS

9.1 EMISSIONS IN AIR:

When new boiler of 25 TPH will be run the existing boilers will not be required to operate. An estimated 1.35 MT/day of fly ash discharge is expected in air due to boiler operation. As per CPCB standards 800 mg/Nm3 limit is prescribed for air emission due to spreader stoker boiler using biofuels like bagasse.

PP proposes to install bag filter type of dust collector and achieve the prescribed limit of fly ash discharge of 150 mg/nm3..

9.2 WATER POLLUTION The industry will utilize latest technology of treatment of spent wash 800 m3/day by recovering biogas and then concentrating followed by burning of spent wash in boiler, thus adopting zero effluent discharge system.

9.3 NOISE POLLUTION Operation of a distillery does not involve any heavy duty impact type of machinery operation hence does not contribute to noise pollution.

Operators in boiler and turbine sections will be required to use personal protective equipments when operating the system.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 14 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

9.4 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

When new boiler of 25 TPH will be run the existing boilers will not be required to operate. An estimated 12.15 MT/day of bottom ash discharge is expected in due to boiler operation.

This ash will be used by brick manufacturers.

Concentrated spent wash will be burnt in the boiler.

10.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

KSPL has drawn an Environment Management Plan (EMP) to conserve the resources, minimize the waste generation, treatment of waste, recovery of by products and recycling of material. It will also take into consideration vegetation and landscaping of open area. and also The post project quality monitoring to ensure and check compliance to proposed mitigation measures and preservation of environmental quality is integral part of EMP.

Management has made following budgetary allocation to ensure EMP is properly implemented and no financial constraints will be allowed.

Budget provision for Environmental Management plan

Recurring Cost Capital Cost SL Item per annum No (Lac) (Lac) 1 Air Pollution Control 12.5 70.00

2 Water Pollution Control 5.0 400.00

3 Noise Pollution Control ---- 03.00

4 Environment Monitoring and 0.45 03.00 Management

5 Occupational Health 1.00 12.00

6 Green Belt 1.00 25.00

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 15 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

7 Salary of EMP staff 6.8 ----

8 Safety management. 12.00

9 Laboratory and chemicals 05.0 28.00

10 Maintenance of ETP and wages of 15.0 22.00 workers.

Total 46.75 575.00

The EMP is carefully prepared so as all the affected components/areas have been covered and monitored and mitigated as per requirement during construction and operation of proposed expansion cum modernization.

The following aspects have been covered under EMP

1 Air Pollution Control Provision of bag filter for fly ash collection

2 Water Pollution Control ETP to ensure zero discharge, STP with septic tank

3 Water conservation Recycling of condensate water from distillation and cogeneration

4 Noise Pollution Control Provision of vibration isolators, acoustic enclosures

5 Environment Monitoring and Planned monitoring of air, water, noise and soil Management parameters

6 Occupational Health Regular health check-up of the workers

7 Green Belt Tree Plantation

8 Safety management. Safety measures like ear muffs , gloves, helmet shoes, goggles, aprons to the workers

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 16 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

11.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL A separate Environment Management Cell will be established to look after the Effluent Treatment Facility and to monitor and control the environmental quality. This cell would comprise of following members:

Environmental Engineer 1 No. Environmental Chemist 1 No. Laboratory Attendants 2 No. Safety Officer 1 No. Plant Operator 3 No. Supporting Staff 2 No.

Members of the Environmental Cell would be well qualified and experienced in the concerned field. Some of the routine tests of wastewater such as pH, solids, temperature, etc. will be carried out in the laboratory of distillery. However, for additional tests of water, wastewater, soil, air etc. services of reputed laboratories as well as that of a consultant would be hired.

12.0 CONCLUSION:

 Setting up of a Molasses based distillery unit will be helpful to the industrial development in this region.

 The use of Molasses by the distillery will help the farmers in this region for marketing their products i.e. Sugar Cane and get extra benefits by value addition.

 Molasses generated by neighboring sugar industries will be used for useful financial benefits

 The project will be a boon to the farmers indirectly as factory will need molasses from nearby sugar industries that in turn will need sugar cane as raw material.

 The sale of alcohol will generate large amount of revenue by way of excise duties levied on the local front

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 17 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Executive summary New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

 The distillery will also generate direct employment to a large number of local skilled, semi- skilled and unskilled workers. The distillery can also generate revenue for local population by the services that they render to the industry

 Project implementation will induce infrastructural development in the surrounding villages i.e. educational, social institutions, cultural institutions, health care facilities. Road development, sewage treatment facilities etc.

 Safety council will be established by the safety officer to take safety steps for employees.

 The promoter has selected industrial backward area in Maharashtra state.

 It would be advantageous to implement it as quickly as possible in order to improve the socio- economic in the area as it will improve the regional economy.

 Since the project is conceived as zero discharge projects, self sufficient in its electricity requirement and concerns of environment properly addressed, it may be recommended for early environmental clearance.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 18 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF REPORT Karan Sugars Pvt. Ltd. hereafter being referred as KSPL or the project proponent (PP), had an existing distillery of 30 KLPD capacity. The process of manufacture was sugar cane based. KSPL propose to expand this unit to 100 KLPD capacity with change in manufacturing process from sugar cane juice based to molasses based. Factory location is at Village – Harwad, Tal. – Shirol, Dist. – Kolhapur, in state of Maharashtra.

Since the project falls in category “A” of schedule of activities 5(g) of EIA notification SO1533 dated 14th September 2006 the proposed activity is under the preview of EIA notification. The industry applied for TOR to the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) India and received approved TOR wide MoEF reference F. No. J-11011/857/2008- IA II (I) dated 25 Feb. 2009.This “TOR” was for expansion of existing industry with change in process from cane juice based to molasses based.

The industry prepared draft environmental impact assessment (EIA) due to proposed activity in line with “TOR” allotted. The draft EIA was submitted to MPCB and a public hearing was organized on project site 23rd May 2012. MPCB had invited officer as per MoEF circular but on date of public hearing he had another assignment and deputed officer of SDO rank to preside over public hearing.

KSPL prepared final EIA incorporating public hearing comments and submitted same for EC.

Before EAC meeting could take place, proceedings of this public hearing were rejected by MOEF wide letter reference J/11011/857/2008-IAII (I) dated 9th May 2013 as it was conducted by an officer below ADM rank.

KSPL was ordered to re-conduct public hearing.

The second public hearing was conducted on 9th November 2013 at factory premises.

The draft EIA was revised after incorporating public comments in 1st as well as 2nd public hearing as well as MOEF minutes and final EIA has been prepared. Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-1 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

During this period the existing distillery was non operational and KSPL decided to dismantle same totally as they had plans to install molasses based distillery which is a different process. Hence KSPL approached MOEF with revised form-1 and revised prefeasibility report for issue of fresh “TOR” for 100 KLPD distillery, a new unit, with 100% molasses as raw material source.

The present EIA is based on installation of new 100 KLPD molasses based distillery.

1.2 PROJECT PROPONENT Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd is a company in private sector with constitution as private limited company. It is registered under company’s act under reference U-15420 MH 2005 PTC 154288 dated 28 June 2005.

Given below is the list of existing directors of the company their educational background and experience in the industry: Dharampal Kimatram Kalani. Educational qualification: B.E (Electronics), MBA Industrial Exp: 10 Years. Hiralal Kimatram Kalani. Educational qualification: Graduate (Com). Industrial Exp: 20 Years. Kanyalal K Kalani. Educational qualification: Graduate (Com) Industrial Exp: 25 Years. Sharad G. Shete. Educational qualification: B.Sc. Alcohol Tech.(Fermentation Tech.) Industrial Exp.: 25 Years.

1.3 BACKGROUND Karan Sugars Pvt. Ltd hereafter being referred as project proponent (PP) or simply KSPL has diverse interests in packaging, distillery and bottling, dairy and dairy products. The company is owned by Mr Dharmpal Kalani and his associates. The group owns Karan Distilleries Pvt limited of 29 KLPD capacity grain based near Bhandara, Trupti Containers manufacturing corrugated

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 2 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-1 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

boxes, Kalani packaging Pvt. Ltd. and Brihan Karan Sugar Syndicate Pvt Ltd, which is a bottling unit.

1.4 CURRENT ACTIVITIES KSPL has procured an existing distillery which was producing alcohol @ 30 KLPD from cane juice. The factory is non operational. The existing factory is to be dismantled as KSPL will start a new unit with different manufacturing technique. The unit is located at village Herwad in taluka Shirol in district Kolhapur.

When procured factory was not in operation. Presently there is no activity at site and PP is waiting for environmental clearance from MoEF for his new proposal.

1.5 FUTURE PLANS KSPL now wishes to install a 100% molasses based new unit to manufacture 100 KLPD ENA/RS/AA. Since availability of molasses is assured within the state of Maharashtra from working sugar mills within 50 KM radius, company plans to install a new molasses based distillery unit.

The existing unit will be scrapped.

In new plant will be a state of art plant incorporating latest techniques of pollution control. PP plans to ensure zero discharge by incineration of spent wash. Generation of 800 KL per day of spent wash is expected. Biogas will be recovered from spent wash @ 26000 m3/day in a suitably designed biodigestor. It will be concentrated to 150 KL per day in multiple effect evaporators.

Water recovered will be recycled and reused to reduce fresh water consumption. Concentrated spent wash will be directly burnt in the specially designed incineration boiler.

1.6 PROPOSAL Karan Sugars Pvt. Ltd propose to install a new distillery of 100 KLPD capacity. The process of manufacture will be multi-pressure distillation based using molasses as raw material. Treatment procedure of spent wash generated will be zero discharge by burning in incineration boiler Biogas will be recovered from spent wash in a suitably designed biodigestor. It will be concentrated in multiple effect evaporators. Concentrated spent wash will be directly burnt in the boiler.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 3 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-1 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

KSPL will generate electrical power of 2.2 MW from steam before being used for process requirement. KSPL will be independent of its power requirement from state grid and will not export any power. Power will be generated by rotating turbo generator set by high pressure steam generated in a new boiler. Hence a new boiler of 25 TPH steam generating capacity will be provided. It will be suitable to burn concentrated spent wash as fuel.

1.7 LOCATION The distillery site is located at Village – Harwad, Tal. – Shirol, Dist. – Kolhapur, Maharashtra. The surrounding villages are Kurundwad, Herwad, Latwadi, Ghosarwadi, Akiwat, Takkiwadi, Majarewadi, and Bunal surrounded to the site.

The plot lies between the North Latitude:- 160 38’ to170 34’ and East Longitude:- 740 34’ to 75019’

The area surrounding the proposed plant site is flat and is at the elevation about 557 meters above the sea level. The surface soil in the area is mainly red brown and light brown soil.

Panchganga River flows approx 2.7 km away from the site.

Nearest city : Kurundwad 5.3 KM

Nearest highway : SH 137 -Echalkanji to Shirol

Nearest airport : Kolhapur 30 Km

Kurundwad is well connected to all the important places by Road.

There is no wildlife sanctuary/reserve forest within 10 km radius from the site. Archeological monument of temple of Kopeshwar in village Khidrapur lies 8.7 km from site.

Interstate boundary Maharashtra -Karanataka is 3 Km from site.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 4 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-1 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

1.8 MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION

Table 1: Following chart details give an idea of magnitude of operation:

Sr. Proposed No 1 Capacity 100 KLPD 2. Product ENA/AA/RS 3. Raw material Molasses 4. Raw material required 400 MT/day 5. Raw material sources Sugar mills in vicinity 6. Steam consumption 528 MT/day 7. Boiler 25 TPH @46 kg/cm2 8. Fuel bagasse /spent wash 270 MT/day 9. Ash generation 13.5 MT/day 10. Control equipment Bag filter for fly ash

11. Ash disposal To farmers and or to brick manufacturers 12. Cogeneration of power 2.2 MW 13. Power required 2.2 MW 14. Water requirement 805 m3/day 15. Source of water Panchganga river @2.7 km 16. Spent wash generation 800 m3/day 17. After concentration 150 m3/day 18. Bio-digester capacity 26000 m3/day 19. Disposal Burning in boiler

1.9 NEED OF PROJECT The unit is located at village Herwad in taluka Shirol in district Kolhapur. There are several sugar mills in the vicinity of project. Some are having own distillery unit while several others do

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 5 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-1 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

not have own distillery. After recovery of sugar molasses need to be disposed of. It is highly polluting chemical. With latest technology it is possible to convert molasses into useful product- alcohol. KSPL proposed unit will convert potentially hazardous by product of sugar industry molasses into useful products, create job opportunities for local people and increase earnings of local farmers indirectly.

In order to control ground water contamination and soil contamination CPCB is no more allowing treatment of spent wash by composting for stand alone distilleries. Hence in present proposal zero discharge of spent wash will be achieved by incineration of spent wash in boiler.

1.10 TERMS OF REFERENCE ALLOTTED BY MOEF

In the minutes of 24th reconstituted expert appraisal committee (industry) held during 29th- 30th September, 2014 under item no 24.4.6 the Committee prescribed the following TORs for undertaking detailed EIA study after due consideration of revised Form-1 and prefeasibility report:

1. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc 2. Details of proposed products along with manufacturing capacity 3. Number of working days of the distillery unit. 4. Details of raw materials, its source with availability of molasses 5. Manufacturing process details of distillery along with process flow chart 6. Sources and quantity of fuel (rice husk/bagasse/ coal etc.) for the boiler. Measures to take care of SO2 emission. A copy of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed with the coal suppliers should be submitted. 7. Storage facilities for raw materials, prepared alcohol, fuels and fly ash. 8. One season site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall and AAQ data (except monsoon) for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX , CO and HC (methane & non methane) shall be collected. The monitoring stations should take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. Data for water and noise

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 6 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-1 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

monitoring should also be included. 9. Mathematical modeling for calculating the dispersion of air pollutants and ground level concentration along with emissions from the boiler’s stack. 10. Details of boiler and its capacity. Details of the use of steam from the boiler. 11. Ground water quality around proposed spent wash storage lagoon and the project area 12. Details of water requirement, water balance chart for proposed project. Measures for conservation water by recycling and reuse to minimize the fresh water requirement. 13. Source of water supply and permission of withdrawal of water from Competent Authority 14. Proposed effluent treatment system for grain/molasses based distillery (spent wash and spent lees) along with utility wastewater including CPP/Co-gen Unit (wherever applicable) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero discharge. Details of treatment of effluent generation from sugar unit 15. Spent wash generation should not exceed 8 KL/KL of alcohol production. Details of the spent wash treatment for molasses based distillery based distillery. 16. Capacity for spent wash holding tank and action plan to control ground water pollution 17. Layout for storage of bagasse/biomass/coal. 18. Capacity for spent wash holding tank and action plan to control ground water pollution. 19. Dryer shall be installed to dry DWGS 20. Layout for storage of rice husk/biomass/coal. 21. Details of solid waste management including management of boiler ash. 22. Risk assessment for storage and handling of alcohol and mitigation measure due to fire and explosion and handling areas 23. Alcohol storage and handling area fire fighting facility as per norms. Provision of Foam System for fire fighting to control fire from the alcohol storage tank. 24. Action plan for development of green belt over 33 % of the total project area within plant premises with at least 10 meter wide green belt on all sides along the periphery of the project area, in downward direction, and along road sides etc 25. Detailed Environment management Plan (EMP) with specific reference to details of air pollution control system, water & wastewater management, monitoring frequency, responsibility and time bound implementation plan for mitigation measure should be

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 7 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-1 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

provided. 26. EMP should also include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/ recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation 27. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site should be included to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water. 28. Details of occupational health surveillance programme 29. Transportation of raw materials and finished products for the project (proposed/expansion) in respect of existing traffic, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc 30. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring. 31. Corporate Environmental Responsibility 32. (a) Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. (b) Does the Environmental Policy prescribe for standard operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. (c) What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions. Details of this system may be given. (d) Does the company have a system of reporting of non compliance / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism should be detailed in the EIA report. 33. At least 5 % of the total cost of the project should be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan should be prepared and incorporated

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 8 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2. 1 TYPE OF PROJECT Karan Sugars Pvt. Ltd. proposes to install a new 100 KLPD capacity molasses based distillery. The process of manufacture will be by multi-pressure distillation and it will be 100% molasses based. Since the project falls in category “A” of schedule of activities 5(g) of EIA notification S.O.1533 dated 14th September 2006 the proposed activity is under the preview of notification. The industry applied for TOR to the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) and received approved TOR wide MoEF reference F. No. J-11011/857/2008- IA II (I) dated 25 Feb. 2009.

2.2. SITE DETAILS The proposed site is ideal for the proposed Molasses based ethanol project due to following reasons:  Sufficient land 25 acres is available at the existing KSPL project site at Village Harwad Tal: Shirol, Dist : Kolhapur, Maharashtra to install distillery and its associated equipments.  Herwad is the nearest village from site. It is located at the longitude of 74.6 and latitude of 16.7. Khidrapur is notified archeological site. Located at the longitude of 74.7 and latitude of 16.6. The total distance between Herwad to Khidrapur is 8.7 KM (kilometers). Khidrapur. is located nearly west side to Herwad  Harwad is easily accessible by roads. State highway no. 12 is 10 km away on south. Jaisingpur railway station  State of Karnataka border is 3 Km away.  Maharashtra and Karnataka have several sugar mills in this area. Enough Molasses supply is available for the proposed project.  Panchganga river flows 2.7 Km away by aerial distance in the north direction from the proposed site. Water for project will be taken from this river.  No wild life sanctuary / reserved forest within 10 km radial distance.  Problem of rehabilitation and resettlement does not arise because the proposed site is already in possession of proponent. Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Table 2: Detailed Break-up of Land Area Particular Total(Acres) Plant Area 10 Green Belt Area 8 Storage Area 2.5 Administration Bldg 2 ETP Area 2.5 Total 25

2.2.1 Infrastructure of Site Ease of access to communication. The site has easy access to latest communication and other social infrastructure facilities, including telecommunication, schools and colleges, medical & health facilities, commercial infrastructure, etc.

2.2.2 Topography of site area: There are no major mountains in the command area, but few hillocks exist. The general elevation is above MSL = 557 meters. Topography of site. North Latitude : 16°38'28.79"N East Longitude : 74°34'20.77"E Elevation : 557 meters from MSL Table 3: Topography of site area Direction Nearest villages Nearest Districts N/E Herwad,Kurundwad Shindhudurg S/E Latwadi, Ghosarwadi Satara S/W Akiwat, Takkiwadi Sangli W/N Majarewadi, Bunal Ratnagiri

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 2 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Google Image of Site

2.3 COST OF PROJECT PP has already invested in the existing project a sum of Rs 15.75 crores. Now factory proposes to set up modified equipment for change in process to molasses based process, treatment of spent wash by biodigester followed by multiple effect evaporator and burning in boiler, increased steam generation and cogeneration of power, Additional total estimated cost for above change is Rs 22 crores. Now the expected cost shall be Rs 37.75 Cr

Table 4: PROJECT COST Sl. No. Particulars Total (Rs lacs) 1 Land and Site Development 103 2 Civil Works & Pollution control measures. 945 3 Plant & Machinery 2080 4 Miscellaneous Fixed Assets 150 5 Preliminary & Pre-operative exp. 224.19 6 Supervision charges 100

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 3 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

7 Transmission Line 50 8 Contingencies 103.20 9 Margin Money 20 Total 3775

2.4 PROJECT DETAILS For a new 100 KLPD molasses based distillery now proposed, condensed requirements are as follows:

Table 5: Project Details Sr. No Proposed

3 Capacity ( Tor point. 2) 100 KLPD

4 Products ( Tor point. 2) RS/AA/ENA

5 Raw material Molasses

6 Raw material required 400 MT/day

7 Raw material sources Sugar mills in vicinity

8 Steam consumption 528 MT/day

9 Boiler 25 TPH@46 kg/cm2

10 Fuel bagasse /spent wash 270 MT/day

11 Ash generation 13.5 MT/day

12 Control equipment Bag filter

13 Ash disposal Farmers /Brick manufacturing

14 Cogeneration of power 2.2 MW

15 Power required 2.2 MW

16 Water requirement 805 m3/day

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 4 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

17 Source of water Panchganga rive 2.7 km

18 Spent wash generation 800 m3/day

19 Biodigester 26000 m3/day

20 After concentration 150 m3/day

21 Disposal of spent wash Burning in boiler

22 Number of Working days 330 /Annum TOR Point -3

2.5 PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE (Tor Point. 5) A) ALCOHOL 2.5.1 Material balance Molasses is the main raw material used in India for production of Alcohol. Molasses contain about 50% total sugars, of which, 30 to 33% are cane sugar and the rest are reducing sugar. During the fermentation, yeast strains of the species Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, a living micro-organism belonging to class fungi converts sugar present in the molasses, such as sucrose or glucose to alcohol. Chemically this transformation for sucrose to alcohol can be approximated by the equation.

I) C12H 22O11 + H2O = C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Sucrose Glucose fructose

II) C6H12O 6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 180 = 2x46 + 2x44 Glucose Ethyl Alcohol Carbon- dioxide

The 180 gm of sugars on reaction gives 92gm of alcohol.

Therefore, 1 MT of sugar gives 511 kgs of alcohol.

The sq. gravity of alcohol is 0.7934.

Therefore, 511kg of alcohol is equivalent to 511/0.7934=644 liters of Alcohol.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 5 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

During fermentation other by products like glycerin, succinine acid etc. are also formed form sugars. Therefore, actually 94.5% total fermentable sugars are available for alcohol, under ideal condition theoretically. Normally only 80 to 82% efficiencies are realized on plant. One tone of molasses containing 45% F sugars gives alcoholic yield 255- 265 litres per tone. For above biochemical reaction proper and careful handling of yeast, maintaining optimum parameters like pH, temperature, and substrate concentration is required.

For manufacture of yeast, separate equipment known as pure yeast culture apparatus is required. Initially, yeast is developed in the laboratory from the single cell yeast culture. In the laboratory, yeast is propagated in a test tube 10 ml. Then it is transferred to a bigger flask of 500 ml flask, and transferred to 5 litre flask containing the sterilized molasses solution. It is necessary to adjust the pH of the molasses solution in the range at each stage of development of yeast propagation i.e 100 liters, 500 liters and 5000 liters. All these equipment’s are designed so as to facilitate boiling molasses solution in order to sterilize it and also cooing o bring it to the proper temperature of 33 0C and letting in culture and taking out culture. Boiling, cooling introducing culture is done in aseptic manner, i.e. keeping the fermentation medium free from any kind of infection. Further, stages of yeast propagation are done in open tanks i.e. pre-fomenter requires about 8 hours in order to build up necessary concentration of yeast Finally, pre-fementer is emptied in an empty previously cleaned fementer, . Dilute molasses solution is allowed to flow in this fomenter so as to fill it to its working capacity,

The average efficiency of conversion of sugars in molasses to alcohol is 80 to 85% of theoretical value. All the sugars are not converted to alcohol during the process of fermentation because chemicals like glycerin; succinine acid, etc. are also produced by yeast during metabolic process. 100% efficiency of conversion of sugars to alcohol is not possible. The average yield of alcohol from molasses is about 250 liters from 1 MT of molasses.

FERMENTATION For fermentation granulating yeast, which settles under gravity is used. Molasses free from suspended particles is transferred to molasses receiving tank and is weighed. Weighed molasses is distributed to cell mass propagation, fermentation and yeast activation section. GR yeast is grown in laboratory during plant start up. Yeast propagation section comprises of molasses diluter and hygienically engineered yeast vessels equipped with heating, cooling and air sparging

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 6 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery facility. Dilute molasses media is prepared in yeast vessel by recirculation of media through molasses diluter. Laboratory propagated cell mass is scaled up in series of yeast vessels. Air is sparged in pasteurized and cooled dilute molasses medium for optimum growth of GR yeast. The temperature is maintained at 32o C by re circulating cooling water through jacket of yeast vessels. Cell mass from Yeast vessel is transferred to yeast activation vessel to built up cell mass required for fermentation (during start up only) by cell mass transfer pump.

At steady stage, activated cell mass from yeast activation vessel is transferred continuously to fermentor - I. Molasses, process water and vinasse recycle stream from distillation is added to fermentor. Fermented wash from Fermentor-I overflows continuously to fermentor -II & then to yeast settling tank.

As ethanol fermentation is exothermic process, optimum temperature required for yeast activity is maintained by forced recirculation through fermentor wash coolers. Efficient mixers are provided in both fermentors.

Fermented wash from Fermentor-II is sent to yeast setting tank for separation of yeast under gravity. Vinasse stream from distillation is recycled to fermentor depending on solids concentration in fermented wash and molasses composition.

GR yeast having granulation property, settles in yeast settling tank under gravity, while fermented wash overflows to wash holding tank. Settled yeast is transferred at rated flow to yeast activation vessel with screw pump. In yeast activation vessel, molasses, process water, nutrients and additive are added for activation of recycled cell mass. Filtered air is sparged as required for re-activation of cell membranes and other cell components. Mixer is provided for better mass transfer in yeast activation vessel. Activated cell mass is transferred to fermentor- I to maintain desired cell mass concentration in fermentor.

Carbon dioxide generated in fermentation is entrained with alcohol vapours. Alcohol from Carbon dioxide is scrubbed with water in gas scrubber. The scrubber water is transferred to wash charger. Fermented wash from wash charger is fed to analyzer column.

DISTILLATION: The next sage in the manufacture of alcohol is to separate alcohol from fermented wash and to concentrate it to 95% alcohol called as rectified spirit. For this purpose, method of distillation is

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 7 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery employed. The distillation columns consists number of SIEVE plates where wash is boiled and alcoholic vapors are separated and concentrated on each place stage by stage.

INTEGRATED DISTILLATION AND EVAPORATION SECTION: Technology offered (multi-Pressure) This technology is based on heat recovery principle. The system comprises of 3 columns operating at different pressures and is designed to produce Rectified Spirit. The columns in order of flow are as follows: 1. Analyser cum Degasifying (Column (operating under vacuum) 2. Aldehyde Column (operating under Vacuum) 3. Rectifier cum Exhaust Column (Operative under Pressure)

RECTIFIED SPIRIT PRODUCTION: Fermented wash from the clarified wash tank is pumped to the fermented wash pre - heater and preheated to about 68-700C by circulating hot spent wash on other side. Incoming spent wash temperature is 80-820C and after exchanging heat with fermented wash out let lamp of spent wash remains at 35- 400C this hot fermented wash is then feed at the top of Degasifying column. Analyzer column cum Degasifying Column: Analyzer column strips fermented wash before discharging the rest of the material as spent wash. Metered flow of fermented wash is feed to the top of the analyzer column. Vapours of rectifier column provide energy to Analyzer column through a evaporator. Rectifier top vapours are condensed on the shell side of the evaporator and spent wash is re -circulated on tube side. Vapors generated from the re - boiler are used in the analyzer column consist approximately 50% alcohol and 50% water with impurities such as higher alcohols, aldehydes, acids, sulphur dioxide, etc. Spent wash from the analyzer column bottom is sent for treatment to the Effluent Treatment Plant. The level in the column bottom is controlled to ensure proper distillation and correct concentration of the spent wash. The vapour draw from top of the Analyzer is condensed in forth stage of evaporator system and pumped to Rectifier column for concentration. Analyzer column is operating under vacuum. Using water ring vacuum pump creates vacuum and the vacuum in the column is maintained by manual valve, which bleeds extra air in the system.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 8 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

ALDEHYDE COLUMN: Aldehyde column is principally used for removal of low boiling impurities. Vapours from degasifying column are fed to Aldehyde column. The vapours coming out of the top of the Aldehyde column are fed to the condenser-I where they are partially condensed bypassing cooling water on the tube side. Balance alcohol vapours are condensed in the condenser- II. Water is used for the Condensation. From aldehyde column top Technical Alcohol cut of 2% of total plant capacity is taken out. Aldehyde column works under vacuum.

RECTIFIER CUM EXHAUST COLUMN: Analyzer column top vapours are condensed in forth stage of evaporator and fed to Rectified column for further concentration. Rectifier column is designed in sieve trays construction and operates under pressure for obtaining desired strength of alcohol. Condensing steam provides heat to Rectifier column.

Fusel Oil draws are taken from Rectifier column and are send to fusel oil decanter. The fusel oil stream is diluted with water for separation of fusel oils. The aqueous layer sends backs to Rectifier column and fusel oil are sent to storage.

Technical Alcohol cut of 3% of total plant capacity is taken out from top of Rectifier Column. Rectified Spirit of 95% v/v concentration is drawn from one of the upper trays of Rectifier Column and sends to storage after cooling.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 9 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Process Flow Chart

Molasses Arrives

Molasses Weighed and Diluted

Yeast Propagated with Molasses in Sterilized Separate Vessel

Fermentation

Clarified Wash Tank

Analyzer Column

Pre – Rectifier Column if Required

Rectifier Column

Exhaust Column

Re - Boiler

Fusel Oil Separated & Alcohol

Returned

RS/ENA

B) COGENERATION OF POWER 2.5.2 BOILER CAPACITY (TOR POINT. 10) The proposed Cogeneration plant, will have one (1) No. of 25 TPH capacity boiler generating steam at 46 ATA & 485 0 C. Bagasse/Agricultural waste/Rice husk/coal will be used as fuel at

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 10 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery the rate of 270 MT/ day and need of steam will be 528 MT/day. Gaseous emission from the boiler will be directed through the bag filter systems to control the emission level of pollutants SPM. Concentrated spent wash will be sprayed on bagasse bed in specially degined spray guns for proper combustion. Since spent wash methane is already recovered its calorific value will be low.

Boiler Quantity of Fuel Type of Fuel Source of Fuel Capacity (Tor pont.6) (Tor pont.6) 270 MT/day Bagasse Nearest sugar factories. 25 TPH 142 MT/day Bagasse As above and own 150 m3/day Concentrated spent wash production

BOILER FEED WATER AVAILABILITY As the new plant will be operating with the boilers outlet steam parameters of 46 ata and 5150C, the boiler feed water requirements will be met essentially by the recycling condensate and using make up water. The steam condensate temperature will be 950C and will be recycled in the feed water circuit. The make up for the plant operation will be made with demineralized water for which adequate capacity water treatment plant will be provided.

COOLING TOWER The circulating water system will provide cooling water to the condenser for the steam turbine exhaust steam, and to the cooling water heat exchangers

STEAM PARAMETERS: The steam parameters at the outlets of the boilers, super heater will be 46 ata with 485 ± 5°C. Total steam requirement for process is detailed below:

UTILITY Ton/Day STEAM For Fermentation 50 For Distillation 300

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 11 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

For Evaporation 178 Total 528

Entire steam generated will be used to run turbine of 2.2 MW DECT type of Turbo Generator set for generation of power as well as use of steam for distillery and deareator of power plant.

Power generation will be at 440 V. Entire power will be used in operating production, cogen and utilities facilities.

COGEN FLOW CHART

BAGASSE 270 MT/day 142 MTD with 150 MTD SW

Feed Water

BOILER

SUPERHEATED STEAM 25 TPH at 46 ATA

Condenser 4 TPH POWER 2.2 MW TURBO Condensate

FEED WATER TANK DEAERATOR

1st Extraction 3 TPH 6 ATA

2nd Extraction 18 TPH 2 ATA

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 12 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

2.5.3 RAW MATERIAL: (TOR POINT. 4) As the manufacturing process is changed to be molasses based, molasses required is 400 MT/day. Nearby sugar factories with and without own distillery within 50 KM radius is as

Name of factory Distance Capacity last year Distillery TCD Crushing KLPD Shree Datta sahakari sakhar karkhana Ltd 18 Km 7000 91800 60 sirod, dist- kolhapur Shree Gurudutta sucrose Ltd takrewadi sirod 8 KM 2500 670000 Nil dis- kolapur Shree jawahar shetkari sahakari sakhar 23 KM 9000 1428000 Nil karkhana Ltd hupari tal- hatkanangale dist- kolhapur Shri sharad sahakari sakhar karkhana Ltd 45 KM 2500 589000 Nil narande Tal- tal- hatkanangale dist- kolhapur Shree Panchganga sahakari sakhar Karkhana 23 KM 5000 740000 Nil Ltd ganganagar ichalkaranji tal- hatkanangale dist- kolhapur Shri Chhatrapati rajaram sahakari sakhar 49 Km 2200 410000 Nil karkhana Ltd kasba bawda, Dist Kolhapur Shree chattrapati shahu SSKL Kagal Tal- 36 Km 3500 731000 45 kagal Dist- Kolhapur Vasantdado sskl Madhavnagar sangali 34 Km 5000 530000 Nil tal Miraj Dist - Sangli Shree guppy sugar waorks Ltd, Kagwad, Tal 30 Km 5000 46600 Nil – chikkodi Dist – Belgaon karnataka Shree Shiv Shakti sugar ltd yadrav ankali tal- 41 Km 2500 390000 Nil chikodi dist Belgaumkarnataka detailed below:

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 13 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Dudhganga- krushna sskl nanandi, tal- 32 Km 60000 836000 Nil chikkodi dist belgaon karnataka Venkateshwara power project bedkihal tal- 18 Km 3500 707000 Nil chikodi dist- Belgaum karnataka Ugar Sugar ltd, Ugarkhurd Tal-chikodi dist- 48 Km 10,000 1156000 Present Belgaum karnataka Total 117700 180 KLPD Molasses generation/requirement 4708 720 Molasses requirement of KSPL 400 KLPD

Hence proposed project of KSPL is assured of raw material availability within 30 KM of the proposed site.

2.5.4 DAYS OF OPERATION (Tor Point.3) The existing unit operations were dictated by availability of sugar cane and pollution control which restricted the operation during monsoon. This was essential as process involved treatment of spent wash by bio-composting in open fields. Now PP proposes to change the treatment of spent wash by concentration in MEE followed by incineration in own boiler. Hence the monsoon restriction is no more valid.

Now the process of manufacture via cane juice is being scrapped altogether. Instead the process will be molasses based availability of which is assured from surrounding areas. Hence PP proposes to run the plant for 330 days with actual working depending upon normal and unscheduled shut downs that are part of day to day activity.

The availability of other raw material i.e bagasse is also assured. Its requirement at full load shall be 270 MT/day. It will be further reduced when dried spent wash is burnt in the boiler. Hence there is no bottleneck in running the boiler for 330 days.

In view of above PP proposes to operate the distillery for 330 days or more.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 14 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

2.6 ANTICIPATED POLLUTION AND MITIGATION 2.6.1 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL. The exhaust gases, generated by burning of bagasse/spent wash in boiler will be discharged into the atmosphere through a stack, after guiding through a bag filter. An independent stack of the height of 35 meters and has been calculated according to the Central Pollution Control Board, (CPCB) Govt. of India guidelines based on particulate emission as SO2 emission is very low..

2.6.2 EFFLUENT WATER TREATMENT The effluent generated from boiler blow down, cooling tower blow down and WTP wash shall be treated in ETP and treated water will be partly used for ash quenching and partly for gardening.

2.6.3 ZERO DISCHARGE SYSTEM FOR SPENT WASH Spent wash 800 KLPD will be first concentrated in multiple effect evaporators. It shall be dried in suitable drier to recover all moisture. Dried spent wash will be burnt in own boiler. Advantages are availability of heat for burning in boiler and saving in bagasse and at same time NO discharge from factory. Refer chapter -4 for details. 2.7 SCHEDULES FOR APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION 100 KLPD distillery with 2.2 MW cogeneration of power. Sr. No Project activity Activity completion/ expected date 1 Application to MOEF New Delhi for TOR 21/10/2008 2 Final presentation for TOR MoEF New Delhi 22/12/2008 3 Approval of TOR from MoEF New Delhi 25/02/2009 4 Application for public hearing 29/02/2012 5 Application for re-conducting public hearing 20/07/2013 6 Date of public hearing 23/05/2012 7 Date of re-conducting public hearing 08/11/2013 8 Incorporation of public opinion in EIA 30/11/2013 9 Final EIA submission 30/12/2013 10 Submission of consent to establish application to MPCB 22/12/2014

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 15 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-2 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

11 Receipt of Consent to establish from MPCB 25/02/2015 12 Final EIA presentation 29/11/2014 13. Issue of specific TOR 29/11/2014 14 Resubmission of EIA incorporating revised TOR 15 Jan 2015

2.8 EMISSION AND DISCHARGES FROM THE PROJECT 2.8.1 WASTEWATER GENERATION AND TREATMENT (TOR POINT. 14) A. Wastewater is from distillery will be spent wash @ 800 m3/day. Its treatment details have been described in chapter-4 to ensure total destruction by burning in boiler. B. Waste water from cogen facilities consists of mostly boiler blowdown and cooling water blow down. In addition the back wash from softener / D M plant regeneration is additional constituent. Quantum of waste water generated due to 2.2 MW cogen plant will be used for ash quenching and green belt irrigation 2.8.2 AIR POLLUTION AND ITS MITIGATION Particular Stack height Fuel/Emission/Mitigation in m Common boiler for cogen 35 270MT/day Biomass and distillery @ 25 TPH 1.35 MT/day Bag filter to restrict emission to 150 mg/nm3

SO2 restricted to 124.8 kg/day

2.8.3 SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION The solid waste and hazardous waste generation from the proposed Project is as follow.

 25 TPH cogen Boiler Bottom Ash- 12.15 MT/Day

 Collection method: Mechanical conveyors into common silo for further disposal.

 Mode of disposal: Sale to brick manufactures and used as farm manure.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 16 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

CHAPTER-3

BASELINE STATUS

3.0. BASELINE STUDIES The term ’Environment’ include water, air, land and inter-relationship between water, air, land and human beings, other living creatures, plants micro-organisms and property. Base line status of the environmental attributes in the study zone of 10 Km radius from the project site is carried out as a mandatory step in EIA study to determine base line status. This forms the basis for impact prediction on these environmental issues on establishment of the project. Primary data were collected based on observation and measurements made during the field survey carried out in the October 2011 to December 2011. Major thrust area includes ambient air quality, water quality, noise and flora and fauna of the region and demography of the people. Besides primary data the secondary data were collected from government’s data sources.

For the present EIA study, the physical dimensions of the environment such as site location and surroundings, topography, geography, air quality, micrometeorology, noise levels, water quality, land –use pattern and soil quality, terrestrial flora and fauna and all the other dimensions are considered. These environmental parameters are studied to establish an existing environmental scenario of an area covering 10-km radius, which is considered as an impact area.

This Chapter gives a brief description on the existing scenario of various environmental dimensions along-with the statistical data generated.

3.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Table 3.1: Details of site and information related to environment setting within 10 km radius of the project site (ToR Point: 06) Sr. No. Particulars Details 1 Latitude 16°38'28.79"N 2 Longitude 74°34'20.77"E Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 3 Altitude 557 m MSL 4 Toposheet 47 L/10 5 Seismicity Area falls under least affected earthquakes zone iii as per IS 1893 – 1984 ( November 2002) 6 Climatic condition Temp. 37.5oC to 14.5oC 7 Nearest village Herwad, Kurundwad, Latwadi, Ghosarwadi, Akiwat, Takkiwadi, Majarewadi, Bunal 8 Nearest town Shirol 10km 9 Nearest Highway State highway No. 12 (10 Km) 10 Nearest railway station Jaisingpur 15km 11 Nearest airport Kolhapur 30km 12 Streams/ Rivers Panchganga river (Direction North South) & Distance 2.7 Kms. 13 Topography Flat 14 Sanctuaries /National NIL Parks/ Biospheres, etc. 15 Defense Installations NIL 16 Historical Places NIL 17. Karnataka State Boarder 3 KM

The project site is located at Herwad Tal Shirol Dist. Kolhapur. The Kolhapur district is the Western most district of Maharashtra state. This District is situated between 15 degrees and 17 degrees longitude on Northern Side and 73 and 74 degrees latitude on Eastern Side and shares common boundaries with Ratnagiri district East side, Belgaum districts of Karnataka in the West side, Sangli district in the North , Satara district in the also in north side.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 2 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery TOPOGRAPHY The Physical Setting of the Kolhapur district can be best appreciated in the background of its geology relief and drainage. It may be noted, in general, that over a major portion of the district the Deccan ' trap' influences the landscape; only in the southern extremities the rocks of the Dharwar and Lower Kaladgi series introduce a change in the topography. The district, on the whole, is a part of the Deccan table-land with an average height of 1800 ft. above sea level, with the Sahyadrian Scarp forming the most prominent feature along its western administrative boundary. From the gently uneven and mature looking crest-line of the Sahyadries, the Kolhapur portion of the plateau is marked by several hill ranges which emerge from the main range and develop an eastward or north-eastward trend. Some of them extend up to 30 miles while others terminate after a short stretch. But all these ranges have that characteristic ' Lava' topography consisting of flat tops and steep escarpments on flanks which carry several terraces or ' steps'. The ranges rise to about 1,000 to 1,500 ft. above the valley floors. A long period of erosion on the horizontally laid lava flows explains their general appearance. Water action has carved out river valleys and their tributary valleys leaving the harder material as residual hill ranges. From a fairly broad base, these hills rise in a series of terraces, which are not unlike a flight of steps, culminating in a summit level that is noted for its remarkably flat table-lands separated by low saddles. A laterite capping marks many of these plateau tops, and altogether, this step-like mature landscape has earned the Swedish name ' trape ' topography. Such landscape features can be seen in the main Sahyadrian range lying in this district, in the Vishalgad-Panhala range, in the Phonda-Sangaon, and the Kagal, Bhudargad and Ajra ranges. Only in the environs of Ajra does this landscape change to some extent due to the change in the underlying rock.

The drainage pattern of the Kolhapur district has three important aspects. The Sahyadries form the main water-divide separating the eastern drainage from that flowing in the west to the Arabian Sea. Secondly, the western flowing streams are ungraded and run down the Sahyadrian scarp face with a tremendous velocity, with the result that the scarp face presents a highly eroded appearance when seen from the Konkan side. At the base of the scarp, that is in the Konkan proper, these parallel flowing streams lose their force, deposit the debris brought from the main range, and develop a sluggish and meandering course to the Arabian Sea, but it is to be noted that only their upper most reaches lie within the administrative boundaries of this district. The drainage pattern of the plateau Kolhapur differs a good deal in several respects from that of the Konkan streams. It is, first of all,

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 3 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery well developed, and geared to the base level of the Krishna which has mastered all the river courses of the district. The rivers occupy wider valleys; there is a good tributary development, though in some cases the head-waters have been ' captured' by the fast flowing streams of the main range draining the region to the Konkan lowlands. Thus, from north to south, the district is drained by the Varna, Panchaganga, Dudhganga, Vedaganga and Hiranyakeshi. The Varna has a long course, but a much restricted basin. The Panchaganga, on the other hand, commands a large drainage area through its main tributaries, the Kasari, Kumbhi, Tulsi and Bhogavati. The southern rivers, the Dudhaganga with its main tributaries, the Vedaganga and the Hiranyakeshi have long courses but smaller and independent valleys. There is also an interesting contrast in the direction of flow of these plateau rivers of the district. The Varna flows from the north-west to south-east, the Panchaganga from due west to east, while the southern rivers flow from south-west to north-east. This is most probably due to the geological structure underlying and the denudation sequence of the Krishna river which controls in a large manner the flow and erosive capacity of these rivers. There are also some similarities between these rivers. They share a common monsoonal flood regime; they develop the highly significant flood plains and flood terraces which, locally known as Malai, are highly prized for soil fertility. The physical setting of the small valleys that the rivers occupy is suitable for constructing weirs, locally known as bandharas, which facilitate good irrigation. Except in the Lower Panchaganga these bandharas are quite common. Under the influence of new economic forces, most of the river valleys which formerly produced good meadow grass, have now been turned to the cultivation of rice, and more recently to sugarcane, an important crop which influences practically every aspect of rural economy. The final common feature shared by these rivers is the control exercised by the Krishna river as a master stream. The Krishna from its confluence with the Varna forms the eastern boundary of the Kolhapur district down-stream for about forty miles. It has a well entrenched meandering course through a black soil plain, and is joined by the Panchaganga near Narsobawadi and by the Dudhaganga near Yedur which is a little outside the district boundary. The southernmost river, Hiranyakeshi, empties its waters in the Ghataprabha which in its turn is a tributary of the Krishna, near Ingli outside the limits of this district.

The district is bounded by South Satara on the north, Ratnagiri on the west, and Belgaum on the south and the east. From a geographical point of view the Varna in the north forms a common boundary between it and South Satara; in the north-east the rivers Krishna and Dudhaganga run

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 4 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery between it and Belgaum; and in the west the Sahyadrian water-shed largely separates it from Ratnagiri.

RIVER SYSTEM A succession of river valleys draining the land towards the east characterises the landscape of the district from the Varna valley in the north to the upper tributaries of the Ghataprabha in the south. From the human point of view these are the most important areas of the district. Well cultivated and densely peopled, Malkapur, Kasba, Sarud and Kodoli are more important villages of the Varna valley. In the Kasari valley Gajapur, Bhogaon and Kasar are important villages. Sangrul situated at the spur of the Pal Donger (or Tymzai Range) is a market village in the Kumbhi valley. In the upper reaches of the Kumbhi, Kale and Bawada are large sized villages. The road from Kolhapur connects these places and through a Ghat road it joins Kharepatan. Bid and Koge are important villages of the confluence plain of the Kumbhi, Tulsi and Bhogawati rivers. The Bhogawati valley is much better developed economically. A road from Kolhapur to Malvan passes through this valley via Phonda Ghat and connects several large sized villages live Vashi, Rashiwade and Radhanagari. Development of hydro-electricity from the Radha-nagari tank and irrigation by means of bunds on the Bhogawati River has brought in a greater prosperity to this valley through sugar-cane cultivation. East of Prayag which marks the confluence of the Kasari and Bhogawati, lies the Panchaganga valley proper. This is a region of rich agriculture and population. A substantial area is utilized for sugar-cane. East of Kolhapur several commercially important crops are raised. Sugar- cane continues to dominate the banks of the river. A little in the interior it is succeeded by tobacco, cotton, millets and wheat. Betel leaf gardens flourish wherever well irrigation is possible. Pulses and spice crops play an important secondary role. Large sized nucleated village are typical of this region. Hatkanangale, Shirol and Ichalkaranji are local markets and Taluka towns. Ichalkaranji is well-known for its handloom products. Narsobawadi situated at the junction of the Panchaganga with the Krishna, is a place of great sanctity. Jaisingpur is a small but flourishing town that specialises in tobacco marketing. But the city of Kolhapur through its historical tradition, administrative and commercial importance dominates the economy of the entire district. The Phonda-Sangaon range separates the Bhogawati from the Dudhaganga valley. As compared with the northern valleys the valley of the Dudhaganga river is wider and also correspondingly well- developed. Its upper regions are partly wooded and partly rice-growing areas. Towards Kagal cultivation of millets and several other crops increases. The agricultural development of this valley

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 5 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery is well reflected in the numerous large sized villages like Valve, Solankur and Kagal. Kagal is a town of local importance situated on the Poona-Bangalore trunk road. The Kolhapur limits of the Dudhaganga valley terminate east of Kagal. A small hill range separates the Dudhaganga from the upper reaches of the Vedaganga. Gargoti and Murgud are two important market villages. Gargoti is connected with Kolhapur by a good metalled road across the Vedaganga hilly range and Murgud lies on the Nippani-Radhanagari Road. The southernmost part of the district as generally hilly and is marked by several small valleys draining the area eastwards mainly to the Ghataprabha river. In one of the tributary valleys of the Vedaganga is situated the minor township of Kapshi. Ajra, Mahagaon and Gadhinglaj are small sized towns lying on the Sankeshwar-Savantwadi road which passes through the upper Hiranyakeshi river. Economic development of these valleys is very much similar to that of the Dudhaganga and Vedaganga basins.

HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE AREA HYDROLOGY PROFILE The study area does not have any manmade big water tanks except for the natural ponds. Due to the scanty rainfall over the last few years, the tank and streams hold water only during and just after monsoon season.

HYDROGEOLOGY Occurrence and Movement of Ground water in Rock Formations The joints and other openings in gneiss and granites, the pore spaces in the zone of weathering and bedding planes of the metamorphosis sediments determine the rate of percolation of water into sub - surface and the yield of the wells in the region. Black cotton soil allows water to infiltrate slowly after saturation. The impervious calcareous clay bed, below the black cotton soil prevents the downward movement of water. Whereas, the areas were covered by red loam /sandy solid have relatively greater percolation because of its relatively high porosity and permeability.

Occurrence of groundwater is mainly controlled by water table conditions. The recharge of the ground water is mainly due to the rainfall, which is scanty in the region. Therefore, the depth of water table level in the area is between 35-50m below the ground level.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 6 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery DEPTH OF GROUND WATER AND SEASONAL VARIATION: Dug wells are more common and popular in the study area. Nearly 33% of the wells are of shallow type and water table is within 12m depth, the deep dug wells are upto a depth of 20m. The study of fluctuating ground water level by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) reveals that the fluctuation is in the order of 1.65 m to 4.42 m with average fluctuation of 3.13m.

GROUND WATER POTENTIAL Ground Water potential has been assessed as per the data collected from the State Ground Water Department. The entire region is mainly underlain granite, gneisses and Dharwad schists that are known to be hard rocks, which have least porosity. Ground water is found in pockets in the area in the zones of weathered, jointed and fractured rocks. The dug wells in the area generally tap on the weathered zone. The thickness of the weathered zone varies few centimeters to 20 m. The average area of the cross section of a domestic well is 6 Sq.m and that of irrigation well varies between 40 Sq.m to 180 Sq.m. The yield of dug wells range from 10 m3 /day to 250 m3 /day for a pumping period of 4 to 6 hours. Bore wells in the area are of 150mm dia and are normally upto a depth of 40m to 120 m. The yield of these wells is maximum 30 m3 /hr and the pumping period varies from 6 to 8 hours/day. State Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) indicate that nearly 80% of the bore wells yield between 0.6 to 9 m3 /hr and the maximum yield is obtained from bore wells drilled between 40 to 60 m depth. Most of the dug wells, dug-cum -bore and shallow bore wells upto 30 m tap the shallow aquifers and the borewells deeper than 30 m, tap the water from fractures occurring between 30 m to 100 m depth which tap medium to deep aquifers.

GEOLOGY The extensive limestone deposit occurring in Kolhapur belongs to the lower Kaladgi formation of Precambrian sedimentary origin. The stratigraphic sequence is identified for the region.

Geological age Formation Lithology Recent - Black cotton soil Precambrian Kaladgi group Limestone shale - Unconformity - Archean Granite Gneises -

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 7 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery The local geology as observed is: 1. Thinly bedded, soil/ black cotton soil 2. Shale 3. Dolomite limestone 4. Gray limestone 5. Siliceous limestone The arc is mainly covered by black cotton soil of varying thickness (1 to 2 mt) the contact between

Dolomite and high calcium limestone and siliceous limestone are well exposed.

3.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT Water is one of the vital, prominent resources for all living things on earth. The practice of inadequate access to clean drinking water and lacking of good and consistent sanitation facilities is the impetus for the most significant environmental problem and threat to public health in both rural and urban India. Almost all the surface water sources are contaminated to some extent by organic pollutants and bacterial contamination and make them unfit for human consumption unless disinfected.

Data on baseline condition of water environment of the study area was collected with following objectives:  Qualitative assessment of water sources of the area.  To judge the temporal changes in water quality of different sources.  To predict the impact of Power Plant over water environment of the area. To judge the water environment of the area, both the sources of water (surface/ground) were given due consideration. Water samples were collected and analysed for various parameters. Based on the analysis of different parameters, results were checked up against the limits set up to statuary authorities

Reconnaissance survey of the area was made for the selection of sampling location for surface and ground water analysis. Stations were selected keeping the objectives in mind, details of study is presented below:

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 8 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

3.2.1 SURFACE WATER There is one river in the study area - Panchganga. The sampling locations were selected at 3 different stations of river at a distance of about 500m. Samples were collected and analyzed as per standard methods and frequency of sampling was thrice /station. The result of the analysis of surface water is presented in Table 3.2 the analysis results of the surface & ground water collected from sampling stations are presented in the Table-3.2 and 3.3. pH is observed in the range of 7.4 to 7.9 and conductivity varied from 220 to 270 mhos/cm. Chloride and Sulphate were observed to be in the range of 4.6 - 5.8mg/l and from 3.2 - 4.6mg/l respectively. The heavy metal contents are found to be negligible. Water quality is excellent but it is not potable due to presence of coliform. It can be used for drinking purpose after installing bacteriological treatment devices at individual or at community level.

Table 3.2

Surface Water Analysis Report of Panchganga River

Location of Sampling : Surface Water Sample. (From Panchaganga River)

Date of Collection : 12/10/2011, Date of Receiving : 14/10/2011

Sr. No. Parameter Results Units 1 pH 7.54 - 2 Conductivity 0.8 mS/cm 3 Temperature, 0C 29 0C 4 Dissolved Oxygen 5.0 Mg/l 5 Turbidity <5 NTU 6 Dissolved Solids 512 Mg/l 7 Suspended Solids 7.1 Mg/l 8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 265 Mg/l 9 BOD BDL Mg/l 10 COD BDL Mg/l 11 Chlorides as Cl 86 Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 9 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 12 Sulphates as SO4 32 Mg/l 13 Calcium as Ca 48 Mg/l 14 Magnesium as Mg 22 Mg/l 15 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l 16 Fluorides as F BDL Mg/l 17 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 18 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 19 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 20 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 21 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 22 Zink as Zn BDL Mg/l 23 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 24 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 25 Manganese as Mn BDL Mg/l 26 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 27 Oil & Grease 0.4 Mg/l 28 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 48 MPN/100ml

Location of Sampling : Surface Water Sample. (From Panchaganga River)

Date of Collection : 16/11/2011, Date of Receiving : 18/11/2011

Sr. No. Parameter Results Units 1 pH 7.44 - 2 Conductivity 0.7 mS/cm 3 Temperature, 0C 26 0C 4 Dissolved Oxygen 5.0 Mg/l 5 Turbidity <5 NTU 6 Dissolved Solids 494 Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 10 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 7 Suspended Solids 6.2 Mg/l 8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 258 Mg/l 9 BOD BDL Mg/l 10 COD BDL Mg/l 11 Chlorides as Cl 98 Mg/l 12 Sulphates as SO4 24 Mg/l 13 Calcium as Ca 42 Mg/l 14 Magnesium as Mg 18 Mg/l 15 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l 16 Fluorides as F BDL Mg/l 17 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 18 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 19 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 20 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 21 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 22 Zink as Zn BDL Mg/l 23 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 24 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 25 Manganese as Mn BDL Mg/l 26 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 27 Oil & Grease 0.3 Mg/l 28 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 42 MPN/100ml

Date of Collection : 12/12/2011 Date of Receiving : 15/12/2011

Sr. No. Parameter Results Units 1 pH 7.44 - 2 Color 0.3 mS/cm

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 11 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 3 Turbidity 25 0C 4 Conductivity 5.2 Mg/l 5 Dissolved Solid <5 NTU 6 Suspended Solid 190 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 5.3 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 128 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl BDL Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 BDL Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 21 Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 24 Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 28 Mg/l 14 Calcium as Ca 11.2 Mg/l 15 Magnesium as Mg Absent Mg/l 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 24 E-Coli BDL Mg/l 25 Manganese as Mn BDL Mg/l 26 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 27 Oil & Grease BDL Mg/l 28 Total Coli form 80 MPN/100ml

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 12 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 3.2.2 GROUND WATER The study region receives about 557 mm of rainfall and it plays an important role in recharging of ground water. High a lands ensure quick surface runoff and the precipitation received in low–lying area contribute to a great extent in building of ground water reserve of the area. Water supply in the most of the villages depends on ground water resources. Well water is used for domestic as well as irrigation purposes. Sampling was carried out at 4 locations during the study period. Sampling and analysis was carried out, as per standard methods and frequency of the sampling was thrice/stations. The result of the analysis of Ground water is presented in Table3.3 and the summary of the results are presented below: pH in ground water sample was observed to be in the range 7.1 to 7.6 while conductivity was observed in the range of 242- 252 mohs/cm. The value of alkalinity and hardness were observed in the range of 132 – 160 mg/l and 158 to 170 mg/l respectively. Whereas heavy metal was found to be within the limit.

Table 3.3

Ground Water Analysis Report Location of sampling : Ground Water Sample. (From Dattawad Village) Date of Collection : 12/10/2011, Date of Receiving : 14/10/2011 No. Parameter Results Unit 1 pH 7.46 - 2 Color Colourless Hazon 3 Turbidity <5 NTU 4 Conductivity 1.6 mS/cm 5 Dissolved Solid 746 Mg/l 6 Suspended Solid 18 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 234 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 526 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl 113 Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 84 Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 BDL Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 0.064 Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 13 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 14 Calcium as Ca 62 Mg/l 15 Magnesium as Mg 8.6 Mg/l 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 24 E-Coli Absent MPN/100ml Location of sampling : Ground Water Sample. (From Karan Sugar Site) Sample Quantity : 2 liter Date of Collection : 12/10/2011 Sample Collected by : PAPL Date of Receiving : 14/10/2011 Sr. Parameter Results Unit No. 1 pH 7.34 - 2 Color Colourless Hazon 3 Turbidity <5 NTU 4 Conductivity 1.6 mS/cm 5 Dissolved Solid 1296 Mg/l 6 Suspended Solid 31 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 168 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 596 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl 216 Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 46 Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 BDL Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 0.039 Mg/l 14 Calcium as Ca 74 Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 14 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 15 Magnesium as Mg 16 Mg/l 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 24 E-Coli Absent MPN/100ml

Location of sampling : Ground Water Sample. (From Takaliwadi) Sample Quantity : 2 liter Date of Collection : 12/10/2011 Sample Collected by : PAPL Date of Receiving : 14/10/2011 Sr. No. Parameter Results Unit 1 pH 7.46 - 2 Color Colourless Hazon 3 Turbidity <5 NTU 4 Conductivity 1.4 mS/cm 5 Dissolved Solid 1088 Mg/l 6 Suspended Solid 38 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 196 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 488 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl 184 Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 34 Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 BDL Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 0.046 Mg/l 14 Calcium as Ca 59 Mg/l 15 Magnesium as Mg 11.8 Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 15 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 24 E-Coli Absent MPN/100ml

Location of sampling : Ground Water Sample. (From Harwad) Sample Quantity : 2 liter Date of Collection : 12/10/2011 Sample Collected by : PAPL Date of Receiving : 14/10/2011 Sr. No. Parameter Results Unit 1 pH 7.56 - 2 Color Colourless Hazon 3 Turbidity <5 NTU 4 Conductivity 1.4 mS/cm 5 Dissolved Solid 888 Mg/l 6 Suspended Solid 24 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 236 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 542 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl 152 Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 96 Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 BDL Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 0.086 Mg/l 14 Calcium as Ca 71 Mg/l 15 Magnesium as Mg 14.2 Mg/l 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 16 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 24 E-Coli Absent MPN/100ml

Location of sampling : Ground Water Sample. (From Karan Sugar Site) Sample Quantity : 2 liter Date of Collection : 16/11/2011 Sample Collected by : PAPL Date of Receiving : 18/11/2011 Sr. No. Parameter Results Unit 1 pH 7.44 - 2 Color Colourless Hazon 3 Turbidity <5 NTU 4 Conductivity 1.9 mS/cm 5 Dissolved Solid 1345 Mg/l 6 Suspended Solid 38 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 184 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 612 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl 234 Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 52 Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 BDL Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 0.046 Mg/l 14 Calcium as Ca 96 Mg/l 15 Magnesium as Mg 18 Mg/l 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 17 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 24 E-Coli Absent MPN/100ml

Location of sampling : Ground Water Sample. (From Dattawad Village) Sample Quantity : 2 liter Date of Collection : 16/11/2011 Sample Collected by : PAPL Date of Receiving : 18/11/2011 Sr. No. Parameter Results Unit 1 pH 7.34 - 2 Color Colourless Hazon 3 Turbidity <5 NTU 4 Conductivity 1.2 mS 5 Dissolved Solid 760 Mg/l 6 Suspended Solid 24 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 246 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 546 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl 152 Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 96 Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 BDL Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 0.078 Mg/l 14 Calcium as Ca 74 Mg/l 15 Magnesium as Mg 9.2 Mg/l 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 18 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 24 E-Coli Absent MPN/100ml

Location of sampling : Ground Water Sample. (From Takaliwadi) Sample Quantity : 2 liter Date of Collection : 16/11/2011

Sample Collected by : PAPL Date of Receiving : 18/11/2011 Sr. No. Parameter Results Unit 1 pH 7.36 - 2 Color Colourless Hazon 3 Turbidity <5 NTU 4 Conductivity 1.9 mS 5 Dissolved Solid 1125 Mg/l 6 Suspended Solid 42 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 212 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 512 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl 216 Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 46 Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 BDL Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 0.052 Mg/l 14 Calcium as Ca 68 Mg/l 15 Magnesium as Mg 14.8 Mg/l 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 19 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 24 E-Coli Absent MPN/100ml

Location of sampling : Ground Water Sample. (From Dattawad Village) Sample Quantity : 2 liter Date of Collection : 12/12/2011 Sample Collected by : PAPL Date of Receiving : 15/12/2011 Sr. No. Parameter Results Unit 1 pH 7.28 - 2 Color Colourless Hazon 3 Turbidity <5 NTU 4 Conductivity 1.0 mS 5 Dissolved Solid 650 Mg/l 6 Suspended Solid 18 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 220 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 493 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl 127 Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 88 Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 BDL Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 0.082 Mg/l 14 Calcium as Ca 62 Mg/l 15 Magnesium as Mg 8.2 Mg/l 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 20 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 24 E-Coli Absent MPN/100ml

Location of sampling : Ground Water Sample. (From Karan Sugar Site)

Sample Quantity : 2 liter Date of Collection : 12/12/2011 Sample Collected by : PAPL Date of Receiving : 15/12/2011 Sr. No. Parameter Results Unit 1 pH 7.36 - 2 Color Colourless Hazon 3 Turbidity <5 NTU 4 Conductivity 1.7 mS 5 Dissolved Solid 1030 Mg/l 6 Suspended Solid 26 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 165 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 476 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl 212 Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 42 Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 BDL Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 0.036 Mg/l 14 Calcium as Ca 88 Mg/l 15 Magnesium as Mg 14 Mg/l 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 21 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 24 E-Coli Absent MPN/100ml Location of sampling : Ground Water Sample. (From Takaliwadi) Sample Quantity : 2 liter Date of Collection : 12/12/2011 Sample Collected by : PAPL Date of Receiving : 15/12/2011 Sr. No. Parameter Results Unit 1 pH 7.44 - 2 Color Colourless Hazon 3 Turbidity <5 NTU 4 Conductivity 1.8 mS 5 Dissolved Solid 1044 Mg/l 6 Suspended Solid 32 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 180 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 495 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl 194 Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 36 Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 BDL Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 0.040 Mg/l 14 Calcium as Ca 58 Mg/l 15 Magnesium as Mg 12.6 Mg/l 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 22 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 24 E-Coli Absent MPN/100ml Location of sampling : Ground Water Sample. (From Harwad) Sample Quantity : 2 liter Date of Collection : 12/12/2011 Sample Collected by : PAPL Date of Receiving : 15/12/2011 Sr. No. Parameter Results Unit 1 pH 7.20 - 2 Color Colourless Hazon 3 Turbidity <5 NTU 4 Conductivity 1.2 mS 5 Dissolved Solid 812 Mg/l 6 Suspended Solid 16 Mg/l 7 Total Alkalinity 235 Mg/l

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 526 Mg/l 9 Chlorides as Cl 138 Mg/l

10 Sulphates as SO4 72 Mg/l

11 Nitrates as NO3 Absent Mg/l

12 Phosphate as PO4 BDL Mg/l 13 Dissolved Iron as Fe 0.068 Mg/l 14 Calcium as Ca 54 Mg/l 15 Magnesium as Mg 9.4 Mg/l 16 Cadmium as Cd BDL Mg/l 17 Copper as Cu BDL Mg/l 18 Nickel as Ni BDL Mg/l 19 Mercury as Hg BDL Mg/l 20 Arsenic as As BDL Mg/l 21 Lead as Pb BDL Mg/l 22 Chromium as Cr BDL Mg/l 23 Iron as Fe BDL Mg/l 24 E-Coli Absent MPN/100ml

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 23 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

CONCLUSION: Analysis of ground water samples from existing site as well as villages surrounding site confirms there has been no contamination of ground water.

3.3 METEOROLOGY Meteorological condition plays a vital role in the transport & diffusion of air pollutants into the atmosphere. Data of meteorological parameters were collected/ generated during the study period with following objectives:  To characterize the present meteorological status of the area.

 To generate a database for air quality dispersion modeling.

 To study the temporal changes in the meteorology of the area.

To collect the onsite data for the meteorological parameters a weather monitoring station was installed at the plant site and it was sited, keeping in mind the recommended principles in this regard. The meteorological data was also collected from IMD, Shirol.

3.3.0 CLIMATE There are mainly two seasons i.e. summer and winter. The summer season falls between the months of April to July and the winter November to March. In summer season the temperature touches 44.20C or even sometimes crosses it. June is the hottest month and January is the coldest one. Mostly the rain falls in the month of July. The winter rains are experienced during January and February. The dust storm occurs in the month of May and June.

The brief discussion over the meteorological condition of the area is as below:

3.3.1 TEMPERATURE Summers are extremely hot in the area where the temperature goes up to 37.5OC in the month of April, May, and June. In winter the temperature goes down to 14.5 OC in the month of December. December and January are the coldest months when the minimum average temperature in summer goes to around Max.37.5oC, &Min.26oC & in winter goes to Max.29.8o & Min 14.5oC

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 24 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

3.3.2 RELATIVE HUMIDITY The relative humidity varies from season to season. The average lowest relative humidity at 8.30 hr and 17.30 are observed around 82% and 26% in the summer season. The average highest relative humidity at 8.30 hr and 17.30 hr are observed around 90 % in the monsoon season. The minimum Relative Humidity was observed in the month of February at 23 %. 3.3.3 RAINFALL The south-west monsoon generally arrives in the first week of July and continues up to the end of August. 70% of the rainfall occurs during this period. The average rainfall of the district is 557 millimeters (average of 5 years). The rainfall in the district is greater in the sub mountain parts of the district and decreases rapidly towards the southwest. 3.3.4 CLOUD COVER 30 years average data reveals that maximum cloud cover was observed around 7.1 in the month of July and August. Whereas cloud cover was observed around 2(in OKTAS) in the month of November, December, January, February and March. The monthly variations of Temperature, Relative Humidity, Rainfall, Cloud Cover, during study period are tabulated in Table 3.4 3.3.5 WIND PATTERN Wind pattern reveals that predominant direction of wind is mostly from W, SW and NW. Table 3.4: Meteorological Data Monitored Showing Max, Min, Average Temperature and Relative Humidity at Shirol

Month Mean daily Mean daily Relative Relative Maximum Temperature Minimum Temperature Humidity Humidity in deg.C in deg C (08.30 hrs) (17.30 hrs) Jan 30.5 14.5 61 27 Feb 32.1 15.8 57 23 Mar 35.7 18.7 57 26 April 37.05 21.3 64 38 May 34.9 22.3 72 50 June 30.05 22.05 82 70

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 25 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery July 26.3 21.1 89 83 August 26.4 20.8 90 82 Sept. 28.27 20.4 87 73 Oct. 30.2 20.0 82 61 Nov. 30.3 16.2 65 37 Dec. 29.8 14.5 61 30

3.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT An assessment of the existing air quality is required to establish the reference level. To accomplish this, Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) Stations were set up within 10 km radius of ongoing mining area. Data over baseline status of ambient air quality was generated with following objectives:  Qualitative analysis of air environment of the area.  Representation of regional back ground levels  Influence of existing sources of pollution The major contributors/sources of air pollution in the area are  Vehicular traffic  Windblown Dust 3.4.1. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at 5 locations. The location and descriptions of AAQM stations is shown in Figure 3.5. 1) Plant Site. 2) Herwad Village. 3) Takaliwadi Village. 4) Dattawad Village. 5) Abdul Lat.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 26 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Samplings at Five stations were carried out for one season during period October to December 2011

The parameters monitored during the study period were Suspended Particulate Matters (SPM),

Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and RSPM. The results of AAQM are depicted in the Table 3.5 Table 3.5 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results. Date of Sampling 10/10/2011 To 11/10/2011

AMBIENT AIR STATION/HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER (H.V.S.) LOCATION Location of H. V. S.: At Karan Sugar Site Near Ad Building Duration : 24 Hrs. Time : From 11 am to 11 am POLLUTION PARAMETERS

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 27 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery National Parameter Result Unit Method AAQM Std. Particulate Matter (<10 μm) 62 100 μg/m3 Gravimetric Particulate Matter (< 2.5 μm) 32 60 μg/m3 Gravimetric 3 SO2 conc. 10.2 80 μg/m IS-5182 (part- 2) NOx conc. 8.2 80 μg/m3 IS-5182 (part- 6) METEROLOGICAL DATA Temperature Variation Max Min Avg Unit Dry Bulb 28 26 28 0C Wet Bulb 28 24 26 0C Wind Velocity 6.2 4.8 5.5 Kmph Prominent Wind Direction WE --

Date of Sampling 10/10/2011 To 11/10/2011

AMBIENT AIR STATION/HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER (H.V.S.) LOCATION Location of H. V. S.: Near Herwad Village Duration : 24 Hrs. Time : From 12:00 pm to12:00 pm

POLLUTION PARAMETERS National Parameter Result Unit Method AAQM Std. Particulate Matter (<10 μm) 68 100 μg/m3 Gravimetric Particulate Matter (< 2.5 μm) 32 60 μg/m3 Gravimetric 3 SO2 conc. 9.2 80 μg/m IS-5182 (part- 2) NOx conc. 10.8 80 μg/m3 IS-5182 (part- 6) METEOROLOGICAL DATA Temperature Variation Max Min Avg Unit Dry Bulb 29 25 27 0C Wet Bulb 26 22 24 0C

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 28 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Wind Velocity 8.8 6.4 7.6 Kmph Prominent Wind Direction WS --

Date of Sampling 11/10/2011 To 12/10/2011

AMBIENT AIR STATION/HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER (H.V.S.) LOCATION

Location of H. V. S.: Near Takaliwadi Village Duration : 24 Hrs. Time : From 1:00 pm to1:00 pm POLLUTION PARAMETERS National Parameter Result AAQM Unit Method Std. Particulate Matter (<10 μm) 52 100 μg/m3 Gravimetric Particulate Matter (< 2.5 μm) 24 60 μg/m3 Gravimetric 3 SO2 conc. 6.8 80 μg/m IS-5182 (part- 2) NOx conc. 4.8 80 μg/m3 IS-5182 (part- 6) METEOROLOGICAL DATA Temperature Variation Max Min Avg Unit Dry Bulb 26 24 25 0C Wet Bulb 26 20 23 0C Wind Velocity 5.6 4.8 5.2 KmPH Prominent Wind Direction WE -- Date of Sampling 11/10/2011 To 12/10/2011

AMBIENT AIR STATION/HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER (H.V.S.) LOCATION

Location of H. V. S.: Near Dattawad Village Duration : 24 Hrs. Time : From 2:15 pm to2:15 pm POLLUTION PARAMETERS National Parameter Result Unit Method AAQM Std.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 29 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Particulate Matter (<10 μm) 58 100 μg/m3 Gravimetric Particulate Matter (< 2.5 μm) 26 60 μg/m3 Gravimetric 3 SO2 conc. 8.6 80 μg/m IS-5182 (part- 2) NOx conc. 7.4 80 μg/m3 IS-5182 (part- 6) METEOROLOGICAL DATA Temperature Variation Max Min Avg Unit Dry Bulb 26 18 22 0C Wet Bulb 26 21 23.5 0C Wind Velocity 8.6 7.2 7.9 KmPH Prominent Wind Direction NS -- Date of Sampling 11/10/2011 To 12/10/2011

AMBIENT AIR STATION/HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER (H.V.S.) LOCATION

Location of H. V. S.: Near Abdul Lad Village Duration : 24 Hrs. Time : From 3:15 pm to 3:15 pm POLLUTION PARAMETERS National Parameter Result Unit Method AAQM Std. Particulate Matter (<10 μm) 74 100 μg/m3 Gravimetric Particulate Matter (< 2.5 μm) 36 60 μg/m3 Gravimetric 3 SO2 conc. 12.6 80 μg/m IS-5182 (part- 2) NOx conc. 8.6 80 μg/m3 IS-5182 (part- 6) METEOROLOGICAL DATA Temperature Variation Max Min Avg Unit Dry Bulb 28 21 24.5 0C Wet Bulb 28 19 23.5 0C Wind Velocity 8.4 5.2 6.8 KmPH Prominent Wind Direction WE -- Date of Sampling 14/11/2011 To 15/11/2011

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 30 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

AMBIENT AIR STATION/HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER (H.V.S.) LOCATION

Location of H. V. S.: At Karan Sugar Site near Ad Building Duration : 24 Hrs. Time : From 10.30 am to 10.30 am POLLUTION PARAMETERS National Parameter Result Unit Method AAQM Std. Particulate Matter (<10 μm) 54 100 μg/m3 Gravimetric Particulate Matter (< 2.5 26 60 μg/m3 Gravimetric μm) 3 SO2 conc. 9.2 80 μg/m IS-5182 (part- 2) NOx conc. 7.6 80 μg/m3 IS-5182 (part- 6) METEROLOGICAL DATA Temperature Variation Max Min Avg Unit Dry Bulb 28 24 26 0C Wet Bulb 26 22 24 0C Wind Velocity 5.8 4.6 5.2 KmPH Prominent Wind Direction WE -- Date of Sampling 14/11/2011 To 15/11/2011

AMBIENT AIR STATION/HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER (H.V.S.) LOCATION

Location of H. V. S.: Near Herwad Village Duration : 24 Hrs. Time : From 11:30 am to 11:30 am POLLUTION PARAMETERS National Parameter Result Unit Method AAQM Std. Particulate Matter (<10 μm) 74 100 μg/m3 Gravimetric Particulate Matter (< 2.5 μm) 28 60 μg/m3 Gravimetric 3 SO2 conc. 8.4 80 μg/m IS-5182 (part- 2) NOx conc. 9.2 80 μg/m3 IS-5182 (part- 6)

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 31 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery METEOROLOGICAL DATA Temperature Variation Max Min Avg Unit Dry Bulb 28 24 26 0C Wet Bulb 24 20 22 0C Wind Velocity 9.2 6.1 7.65 KmPH Prominent Wind Direction NS -- Date of Sampling 15/11/2011 To 16/11/2011

AMBIENT AIR STATION/HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER (H.V.S.) LOCATION

Location of H. V. S.: Near Takaliwadi Village Duration : 24 Hrs. Time : From 11:00 am to11:00 am POLLUTION PARAMETERS National Parameter Result Unit Method AAQM Std. Particulate Matter (<10 μm) 42 100 μg/m3 Gravimetric Particulate Matter (< 2.5 μm) 18 60 μg/m3 Gravimetric 3 SO2 conc. 6.2 80 μg/m IS-5182 (part- 2) NOx conc. 4.4 80 μg/m3 IS-5182 (part- 6) METEOROLOGICAL DATA Temperature Variation Max Min Avg Unit Dry Bulb 28 23 25.5 0C Wet Bulb 26 18 22 0C Wind Velocity 5.2 4.2 4.7 KmPH Prominent Wind Direction NS --

CONCLUSION: The analysis of ambient air quality data for three months consequently indicates excellent ambient air conditions at site as well as around the site upstream as well as down stream. Particulate matter PM10 as well as PM2.5 is within limits prescribed. SO2 and NOx levels are

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 32 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery well below the limits prescribed hence overall picture as far as ambient air is concerned is positive.

3.5 LAND USE 3.5.1 SITE & STUDY AREA

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd Project Site is located at 16°38'28.14"N, 74°34'21.90"E. It is close to Herwad village.

A study area of 10Km radius has been considered around this location. The study area spans between 18.70°N to 18.88°N and 74.52°E to 74.71°E.

Figure 3.1: Google Earth image showing Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd Project site

3.5.2 DATA USED Land use land cover mapping has been done using LISS III image acquired by Resourcesat-2 on April 05, 2012. The details of the satellite and the sensor are given below:

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 33 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Resourcesat-2: Resourcesat-2 is a follow on mission to Resourcesat-1 and the eighteenth Remote Sensing satellite built by ISRO. Resourcesat-2 is intended to continue the remote sensing data services to global users provided by Resourcesat-1, and to provide data with enhanced multi- spectral and spatial coverage as well.

Important changes in Resourcesat-2 compared to Resourcesat-1 are: Enhancement of LISS-4 multispectral swath from 23 km to 70 km and improved radiometric accuracy from 7 bits to 10 bits for LISS-3 and LISS-4 and 10 bits to 12 bits for AWIFS. Besides, suitable changes, including miniaturization in payload electronics, have been made in Resourcesat-2.

Resourcesat-2 also carries an additional payload known as AIS (Automatic Identification System) from COMDEV, Canada as an experimental payload for ship surveillance in VHF band to derive position, speed and other information about ships.

Resourcesat-2 carries two Solid State Recorders with a capacity of 200 Giga Bytes each to store the images taken by its cameras which can be read out later to ground stations.

Figure 3.2: Illustration of Resourcesat-2 satellite

Resourcesat-2 was launched on April 20, 2011 from Shriharikota. Its mission life is 5 years. It orbits in circular polar sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 822 km + 20 km (3 Sigma). It completes 14 orbits around the Earth per day.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 34 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery LISS III: The Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor (LISS-III) is a multi-spectral camera operating in four spectral bands, three in the visible and near infrared and one in the SWIR region. Spatial resolution of LISS III image is 23.5m and its swath width is 140 Km. It has radiometric resolution of 7 bits in VNIR and that of 10 bits in SWIR. The revisit period of LISS III is 24 days.

Figure 3.3: Illustration of LISS III camera

3.5.3 METHODOLOGY Digital Image Processing (DIP) techniques were used to process multi-date LISS IIII image acquired for the present study. The satellite image was classified using hybrid classification technique. Hybrid classification refers to combination of unsupervised and supervised classification techniques. The details are as given below:

Image classification:

Satellite images are made up of pixels arranged in a matrix fashion in columns and rows. Every pixel carries a number known as Digital Number (DN) or Brightness Value (BV) that represents reflection of sunlight from the portion of land under that pixel. Digital image classification uses the spectral information represented by these digital numbers in one or more spectral bands, and attempts to classify each individual pixel based on this spectral information. This type of classification is termed spectral pattern recognition.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 35 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery The objective of image classification is to assign all pixels in the image to particular classes or themes (e.g. water, coniferous forest, deciduous forest, corn, wheat, etc.). The resulting classified image is comprised of a mosaic of pixels, each of which belong to a particular theme, and is essentially a thematic "map" of the original image.

Figure 3.4: Concept of image classification

Common classification procedures can be broken down into two broad subdivisions based on the method used: supervised classification and unsupervised classification. In a supervised classification, the analyst identifies in the imagery homogeneous representative samples of the different surface cover types (information classes) of interest. These samples are referred to as training areas. The selection of appropriate training areas is based on the analyst's familiarity with the geographical area and their knowledge of the actual surface cover types present in the image. Thus, the analyst is "supervising" the categorization of a set of specific classes. The numerical information in all spectral bands for the pixels comprising these areas are used to "train" the computer to recognize spectrally similar areas for each class. The computer uses a special program or algorithm (of which there are several variations), to determine the numerical "signatures" for each training class. Once the computer has determined the signatures for each class, each pixel in the image is compared to these signatures and labeled as the class it most closely "resembles" digitally. Thus, in a supervised classification we are first identifying the information classes which are then used to determine the spectral classes which represent them.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 36 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Figure 3.5: Concept of supervised classification

Unsupervised classification in essence reverses the supervised classification process. Spectral classes are grouped first, based solely on the numerical information in the data, and are then matched by the analyst to information classes (if possible). Programs, called clustering algorithms, are used to determine the natural (statistical) groupings or structures in the data. Usually, the analyst specifies how many groups or clusters are to be looked for in the data. In addition to specifying the desired number of classes, the analyst may also specify parameters related to the separation distance among the clusters and the variation within each cluster. The final result of this iterative clustering process may result in some clusters that the analyst will want to subsequently combine, or clusters that should be broken down further - each of these requiring a further application of the clustering algorithm. Thus, unsupervised classification is not completely without human intervention. However, it does not start with a pre-determined set of classes as in a supervised classification.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 37 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Figure 3.6: Concept of unsupervised classification

The hybrid classification technique used for the present study comprised of unsupervised classification followed by supervised classification. Following land use classes have been considered

- Water - Cropped land - Cultivable land (un cropped land) - Other vegetation - Open scrub - Habitation

Thematic map so prepared was studied with reference to percentage of each of the above mentioned class to the total area of study.

Observation

Depicted below is the LISS III image acquired on April 05,2012 with the 10Km buffer area around the project site marked on it:

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 38 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Figure 3.7: LISS III image showing an area of 10Km radius around the project site

Total area of study is 314.28 Sq Km. Using digital image processing techniques, land use land cover map has been prepared for this area and the corresponding statistics have been computed.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 39 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Figure 3.8: LISS III image for the study area

Following are the details of land use land cover classification:

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 40 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery SN Class Percentage Area (Sq M) Area (Ha)

1 Water 1.46 4584594.93 458.46

2 Cropped land 48.09 151155337.06 15115.53

Un cropped cultivable 3 land 39.25 123345271.62 12334.53

4 Open scrub 7.02 22061494.07 2206.15

5 Habitation 1.56 4912394.62 491.24

6 Other vegetation 2.62 8226621.99 822.66

Total = 100.00 314285714.29 31428.57

Land use classification details

39.25

48.09

7.02

1.56 1.46 2.62

Water Cropped land Uncropped cultivable land Open scrub Habitation Other vegetation

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 41 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd project site is situated close to Herwad village in Shirol taluka of Kolhapur district in Maharashtra State. It is very close to the border of Maharashtra & Karnataka.

Rivers visible in the satellite image are Krishna (vertically descending from north to south towards eastern edge of 10Km buffer area) and Panchganga (branching out and extending to the west)

Considering the area of interest (10km buffer around project site), the general slope is towards the river & the elevation ranges from 560m (at project site) to 540m at the river.

The land use of the area of interest is mainly agriculture, 87.34% of the total area is under cultivation. Other vegetation covers 2.62% and water covers 1.46% (as per the satellite image some stretches of the river bed are under other vegetation instead of being under water). Habitation covers 1.56% and open scrub covers 7.02% of the total area.

3.6 SOIL Almost the whole of the western half of the district is covered by the basaltic Sahyadri ranges. The land gradually slopes towards the east into the Deccan plateau which is gently undulating with ridges and valleys. Due to these topographical features, the soils in the district vary from tract to tract, so much so that even in a single village, as between field and field, a variety of soils from rich-loam to poor thin murmad is met with.

The soils are derived mainly from trap, except in the forest covered mountainous area in the west where they are of lateritic origin. The laterite overlies the trap rock. Consequently, in the western portion the hill tops and ridges are covered with lateritic soils; while in the valleys the soils are of mixed character, varying in colour from brownish to reddish. In the eastern portion, due to its undulating nature, deeper soils are formed in the low-lying parts, while the ridges are covered by shallow soils, more or less partially eroded.

Physiographically, Kolhapur district can be divided into three broad soil zones: (a) the western part, with heavy rainfall (is mountainous and woody and is covered with lateritic soils); (b) the fertile central part, with brownish well-drained soils of neutral reaction; and (c) the dry eastern zone, with precarious rainfall and covered with medium black soil of varying depth.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 42 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Lateritic Soils.

Lateritic soils (tambad mati) occur mainly in the western hilly tracts of heavy rainfall, on the hill tops and in the ridges which are not covered by forest, They are found in the western parts of Karvir, Bhudhargad and Ajra and the whole of Shahuwadi, Panhala, Radhanagari and Bavada talukas. They are red to brownish-red in colour, mostly eroded and shallow with good drainage. The soils are acidic with low phosphoric contents and liming has been found to be beneficial. They are not retentive of moisture and hill millets are predominantly taken from them. When terraced, applications of nitrogen and phosphorus are found quite useful and in such cases paddy crop can also be taken from the soil.

Under forests, which abound in valuable trees like teak, undi, jambul etc., the soils are fertile and rich in humus.

In the valleys, lateritic soils are mixed with trap soils. They vary in colour from brown to black, are fairly deep retentive of moisture. Paddy is the main crop of this area and in the rabi season vol is also grown wherever possible. Due to the deforestation of the forests, the soils are well supplied with nitrogen and organic matter but are very poor in phosphorus and potash. The paddy crop, therefore, responds well to the application of phosphorus and potash.

Brown Soils. Brown soils (halki kali mati) are found in the talukas of Hatkanangle, Karvir and Radhanagari and parts of the Bhudhargad and Ajra talukas in the transition tract. They are mainly derived from trap and are dark brown in colour, with, a reddish tinge. They are rich and fertile with excellent granular structure, almost neutral in reaction and well supplied with calcium. These soils respond well to the application of fertilizers. As this tract receives a guaranteed rainfall of 40"-50", conditions in the tract are optimum for most of the crops. Rice, jowar, and groundnut are grown on these soils in kharif season. Sugarcane and vegetables are taken wherever irrigation facilities are available. Jaggery produced from sugarcane grown in these soils, is well-known throughout India.

Medium and Deep Black Soils.

Medium and Deep Black Soils (madhyam or bhari kali mati) are found in the talukas of Shirol, Hatkanangle, Karvir, Kagal and Gadhinglaj. They are also derived from trap and vary in depth considerably, from place to place. In the river valleys, the soils are deep. Medium deep soils are

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 43 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery grey in colour with good granular structure and drainage. The deeper soils are more black in colour and more clayey. Lime nodules occur in plenty and pH value is between 7.5 and 8.0. The soils are quite fertile and good crops of kharif jawar and groundnut are obtained. They are fairly rich in phosphorus contents and the crops respond well to the application of nitrogen to these soils. As drainage is good, the soils are amenable to irrigation and consequently paddy, sugarcane and vegetables can be successfully taken from them.

Baseline data over soil environment of the study area was generated during the study period with following objectives:  To judge the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil.  To analysis the impact of industry over soil environment.  To judge the agricultural productivity of soil.  To study the temporal changes in the soil. To study soil characteristics of the region, four locations were selected in the study area. Locations were selected, keeping in mind that study should reflect the characteristics of the area as a whole. The samples were analysed as per standard methods and frequency of the sampling was thrice/ station. The location of soil sampling is presented in Table: 3.6

TABLE 3.6

DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sr. No. LOCATION

1 Herwad

2 Takaliwadi

3 Dattawad

4 Factory site

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 44 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery The analysis results of soil sampled during the study period are presented in Table: 3.7 It has been observed that the texture of soil is brown soil, and Light Soil, Sandy Loam to Loam. Most natural soil but somewhere slight acidic and some where slight saline soil exists.

TABLE 3.7: SOIL ANALYSIS REPORT

Date of Sampling 12/10/2011 Sample Location Herwad POLLUTION PARAMETERS Parameters Result Units pH 7.48 - Bulk Density 1.56 Gm/ml Organic Matter 0.82 % Brown Amorphous Texture - Powder Chlorides as Cl 124 mg/kg Conductivity (10% Solution) 0.62 ms/cm Phosphorus Absent mg/kg Potassium 1.0 mg/kg Nitrogen as N 1244 mg/kg BDL : Below Detectable Limit Date of Sampling 12/10/2011 Sample Location Takaliwadi POLLUTION PARAMETERS Parameters Result Units pH 7.54 - Bulk Density 1.58 Gm/ml Organic Matter 0.62 % Texture Black Soil - Chlorides as Cl 438 mg/kg Conductivity (10% Solution) 0.52 ms/cm

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 45 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Phosphorus Absent mg/kg Potassium 0.7 mg/kg Nitrogen as N 2344 mg/kg BDL : Below Detectable Limit Date of Sampling 12/10/2011 Sample Location Dattawad POLLUTION PARAMETERS Parameters Result Units pH 7.54 - Bulk Density 1.61 Gm/ml Organic Matter 0.63 % Texture Black Soil - Chlorides as Cl 212 mg/kg Conductivity (10% Solution) 0.42 ms/cm Phosphorus Absent mg/kg Potassium 1.5 mg/kg Nitrogen as N 1812 mg/kg BDL : Below Detectable Limit Date of Sampling 12/10/2011 Sample Location Karan Sugar Site

POLLUTION PARAMETERS Parameters Result Units pH 7.34 - Bulk Density 1.43 Gm/ml Organic Matter 0.58 % Texture Black Slit - Chlorides as Cl 96 mg/kg Conductivity (10% Solution) 0.52 ms/cm Phosphorus BDL mg/kg

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 46 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Pottasium Absent mg/kg Nitrogen as N 868 mg/kg BDL : Below Detectable Limit Date of Sampling 16/11/2011 Sample Location Herwad POLLUTION PARAMETERS Parameters Result Units pH 7.56 - Bulk Density 1.42 Gm/ml Organic Matter 0.78 % Brown Amorphous Texture - Powder Chlorides as Cl 112 mg/kg Conductivity(10% Solution) 0.56 ms/cm Phosphorus Absent mg/kg Potassium 1.0 mg/kg Nitrogen as N 1227 mg/kg BDL : Below Detectable Limit Date of Sampling 16/11/2011

Sample Location Takaliwadi

POLLUTION PARAMETERS Parameters Result Units pH 7.66 - Bulk Density 1.42 Gm/ml Organic Matter 0.56 % Texture Black Soil - Chlorides as Cl 428 mg/kg Conductivity(10% Solution) 0.46 ms/cm

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 47 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Phosphorus Absent mg/kg Potassium 0.9 mg/kg Nitrogen as N 2312 mg/kg BDL : Below Detectable Limit Date of Sampling 16/11/2011 Sample Location Dattawad POLLUTION PARAMETERS Parameters Result Units pH 7.48 - Bulk Density 1.42 Gm/ml Organic Matter 0.56 % Texture Black Soil - Chlorides as Cl 222 mg/kg Conductivity(10% Solution) 0.48 ms/cm Phosphorus Absent mg/kg Pottasium 1.6 mg/kg Nitrogen as N 1846 mg/kg BDL : Below Detectable

Limit Date of Sampling 16/11/2011 Sample Location Karan Sugar Site POLLUTION PARAMETERS Parameters Result Units pH 7.34 - Bulk Density 1.41 Gm/ml Organic Matter 0.56 % Texture Black Slit - Chlorides as Cl 92 mg/kg Conductivity(10% Solution) 0.46 ms/cm Pottasium BDL mg/kg

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 48 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Phosphorus Absent mg/kg Nitrogen as N 856 mg/kg BDL : Below Detectable Limit Date of Sampling 11/12/2011 Sample Location Herwad POLLUTION PARAMETERS Parameters Result Units pH 7.38 - Bulk Density 1.38 Gm/ml Organic Matter 0.62 % Brown Amorphous Texture - Powder Chlorides as Cl 102 mg/kg Conductivity (10% Solution) 0.49 ms/cm Phosphorus Absent mg/kg Pottasium 1.0 mg/kg Nitrogen as N 1207 mg/kg BDL : Below Detectable Limit Date of Sampling 11/12/2011 Sample Location Takaliwadi POLLUTION PARAMETERS Parameters Result Units pH 7.52 - Bulk Density 1.35 Gm/ml Organic Matter 0.44 % Texture Black Soil - Chlorides as Cl 409 mg/kg Conductivity(10% Solution) 0.35 ms/cm Phosphorus Absent mg/kg Potassium 0.8 mg/kg

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 49 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Nitrogen as N 2289 mg/kg BDL : Below Detectable

Limit Date of Sampling 11/12/2011 Sample Location Karan Sugar Site POLLUTION PARAMETERS Parameters Result Units pH 7.32 - Bulk Density 1.30 Gm/ml Organic Matter 0.46 % Texture Black Slit - Chlorides as Cl 88 mg/kg Conductivity(10% Solution) 0.40 ms/cm Potassium BDL mg/kg Phosphorus Absent mg/kg Nitrogen as N 826 mg/kg BDL : Below Detectable Limit

Conclusion

The analysis of soil samples taken in villages of Takaliwadi, Herwad, Dattawad and the current site of Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd, does not show major variation. The observation is repeated and proven in all three seasons.

3.7 CROPPING PATTERN

All the cultivable land in the district falls under one of the three categories, namely jirayat (dry crop land), bagayat (irrigated land) and rice lands. Dry crop lands on account of their dependence on the monsoon, are further divided into kharif (early monsoon) and rabi (late monsoon) lands. Kharif crops are brought to maturity by the rains of south-west monsoon whereas rabi crops depend on north-east monsoon, dew and irrigation.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 50 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Kharif season commences in June and terminates in September, draws its rainfall mainly from the south-west monsoon and from the ante-monsoon showers in May. An average rainfall of 69" received during this season is on the whole fairly distributed. The main kharif crops of the district are:-paddy, kharif jawar, bajri, ragi, Italian millets, kodra, vari, sava , maize, turi, kulith, udid, chavali, groundnut, niger, sugarcane, chillies, brinjals, tomatoes, bhendi, cucurbits and leafy vegetables. Sowing and reaping of these crops roughly coincides with the commencement and termination of the monsoon. With the exception of sugarcane, sowing is generally done between mid June and mid July and harvesting between the middle of September and the end of November. Kharif Jawar, however, is harvested between the middle of December and the middle of January. Crops like chillies, turi and cotton are harvested in September, December, January and February respectively.

In the heavy rainfall zone paddy, ragi, Italian millet, kodra, vari, sava and rala are the main crops grown. In the central and eastern zone, kharif jawar, turi, groundnut, cotton, tobacco, chillies and all pulses are grown. Sugarcane, which is the main cash crop of the district, is grown all along the river valleys. Planting of tobacco is generally done in August and it is harvested in January. Planting of sugarcane commences from November onwards and is over by the end of January. Cultivators take ratoon crop of sugarcane at least for four years. There is also the practice of planting of cane by the rajooing method, especially in the month of August. This is a 16 month crop. Kharif jowar and groundnut grown in central and eastern zone are dibbled by marking the lands by a marker. Cotton crop is grown as a miscellaneous crop generally along with chillies. Sowing is over by the end of July.

Rabi crops such as shalu jowar, gram and wheat are grown in parts of central zone and eastern zone, along the river-banks submerged during floods. The moisture retained by the soil from monsoon showers, rains received from north-east monsoon and dew are sufficient for these crops. In the western zone, after the harvest of paddy, crops such as watana (field peas), val and gram are taken in the lands retaining sufficient moisture. Advantage of north-east monsoon rainfall is also taken. Wherever watering facilities are available, wheat, onions, garlic and vegetables such as carrots, radish, cabbage, brinjals and tomatoes are the other crops grown after the harvesting of paddy.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 51 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery 3.8 NOISE LEVEL Noise survey has been conducted in the study area covering residential transportation commercial and calm zones. The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise level, which is needed for assessing impact of total noise which is expected to be generated in the proposed project activities.

Noise is measured in terms of loudness of the sound. Sound is a form of energy that propagates through an elastic medium at a speed that is determined by the properties of that medium. Since loudness of sound is important to the effects of noise on people, dependence of loudness upon frequency must be taken into account in environmental noise assessments. Several methods have been developed by researchers using the frequency spectrum of sound arrive at the loudness index or the given sound. For measuring the intensity of the sound “Sound level meter” is used which gives intensity of sound in terms of dB.

The basic step associated with impact assessment on the noise components of the environment involves identification and evaluation of the present noise status on the general population. Therefore noise level measurement was carried out at each ambient air quality station and also at site. The objectives of Noise environment studies are:  To assess the ambient noise level in the study area.  To characterize the noise pollution area.  To predict the temporal changes in the ambient noise level of the area. Noise pollution in the study area is associated with the Industrial activities, Vehicular traffic. To judge the ambient noise level of the area, noise levels were recorded at 5 locations in dB (A). Noise level monitoring near to equipments/machines used at Plant site, was also carried out in dB (A) scale. Locations of ambient noise level monitoring stations are as follows. 1. Project Site. 2. Takaliwad. 3. Near Herwad. 4. Near Abdul Lat. 5. Near Dattawad. The frequency of ambient noise level monitoring and noise level at source were twice/week/station and thrice/station respectively. Ambient noise levels were recorded in following time schedule:

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 52 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Day time - 6 am to 7 am. 9 am to 10 am.1 pm to 2 pm, 5 pm to 6 pm, 9 pm to 10 pm Night time - at 10 pm to 6 am During each time schedule reading were recorded for 10 to 15 minutes and logarithmic average were calculated and the summary of which is reported in Table-3.9

Table 3.9:

Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results

Sr. No. Location Noise level in dB (A) Day Time dB(A) Night Time dB(A) 1. Plant site 56.7. 43.3 2. Takavade 62.1 32.5 3. Herwad 62.1 39.8 4. Abdul Lat 59.0 33.8 5. Dattawad 56.4 38.1

3.9 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The changes in ecology system are inevitable, consequences of development process. The denudation of forests due to increasing population, urbanization industrialization has accelerated the process of environmental degradation in the district. Therefore preservation of the ecology is one of the most important goals of the planning.

Baseline data over biological environment of the study area was collected/generated during the study period with following objectives:  To study the existing condition of aquatic/ terrestrial flora and fauna.  To predict/estimate the effect of Plant along over the biological environment.  Study was carried out for aquatic/terrestrial flora and fauna, detail of which is as under:

3.9.1 TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The Forest area of Kolhapur District is mainly situated at is one of the block among seven blocks of the, having Forest.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 53 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Forest

General distribution.

Physically, the forests of Kolhapur are a southward extension of the forest types of Poona and Satara districts. The wooded areas are confined to the western half of the tract. The western rim and its descending slopes claim a stunted type of evergreen vegetation. On the eastern fringes the over- wood consists of deciduous species with a ground-flora of evergreen species. The dry eastern plan claim scanty patches of wood-growth in land pockets. Three main forests types can be distinctly located, viz., (1) the sub-tropical evergreen, (2) the moist deciduous and the semi-evergreen, and (3) the dry deciduous forests.

Sub-Tropical Evergreen. These occupy the high rainfall regions in the extreme west of the district. No particular plant species can be marked as principal in the composition. Jambhul, hirda, anjani, surangi, panjambhul get mixed up in the top canopy with pnansi, etc., mostly coming in as sub-dominants. The lower storey and ground flora mostly consist of karvi, bracken fern and others. This composition is mainly confined to elevations round about 2,200' above the mean sea level. Semi evergreen and moist deciduous. Barring the prominent existence of the deciduous species in the typical deciduous deciduous formation, the composition of the two is made of jambhul, amba, nana, sissum, asana, kumbhi, bhava, panjambhul, kinjal, ain, kinai, umbar, biba, cnanste and others. In forests of this type in Ajra mahal, the famous scented wood species, chandan (sandalwood) occurs profusely. Bamboos are sparse.

Dry-deciduous type.

The dry deciduous forests are strewn far and wide in small patches. The usual species of the drier zones occur here. The prominent feature in these forests is the total absence of dhavda and a greater incidence of sissum.

Area statement of forest. The area statement of the forests in various Ranges of Kolhapur District is given below: -

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 54 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Area of Name of the Area of Reserved Area of Protected Forest Unreleased Total Range. Forest. Forest.

A. g. A. g. A. g. A. g.

1. Karvir 10,437 25 12,476 38 824 15 23,738 38

2. Panhala 47,783 12 21,343 13 -- -- 69,126 25

3. Bhudargad 48,886 15 20,487 11 -- -- 69,373 26

4. Ajra 15,036 33 18,323 03 243 15 33,603 11

5. Vishalgad 44,480 26 4,427 34 -- -- 48,908 20

6. Bavada 18,318 10 ------18,318 10

7. Radhanagari 45,760 39 37,928 31 -- -- 83,689 30

Total 2,30,704 00 1,14,987 10 1,067 30 3,46,759 00

These forests have been classified as reserved, protected etc. by the former Kolhapur State. However, a regular forest settlement and demarcation as per the procedure laid down in the Indian Forest Act will have to be done. Besides, there are extensive areas known as Sheri lands claimed by H. H. the Chhatrapati Maharaja of Kolhapur as his private property, which are well stocked with forests. The legal position of these sheri lands have not been finally decided.

Forest produce. Firewood and grass are the main marketable products from these forests. Timber is of a very poor quality and meagre. Hirda fruit is produced in large quantities and most of it is consumed in the factory of the Amba Tannin and Pharmaceutical Limited for the extraction of tannin. This tannin extraction factory is the only one of its type in the State. The other minor forest products are enumerated below: - (1) Kaju fruits. (2) Watsol. (3) Cocumbs. (4) Mango fruit.(5) Bibi fruits. (6) Shikekai. (7) Palas leaves. (8) Kuchala seeds. (9) Kumkum fal. (10) Silver cotton. (11) Honey and Wax. (12) Karanj seeds. (13) Rameta bark. (14) Reeds. (15) Wavding. (16) Tembhurni leaves. (17) Pisa fruits.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 55 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Flora Flora of any region may be termed as the lungs of the region or area. Besides its ecological and economic values, it also helps to control pollution in air and water. It works as curtain to check air pollution and noise. The flora of the area is composed of a large number of common species. The species are listed in Table 3.10. TABLE 3.10: Details of Flora around the study area

Local Vernacular Local Vernacular Scientific Name. Scientific Name. Name. Name.

TREES SHRUBS Ain Terminalia tomentosa. Dinda Leea macrophylla.

Ain Terminalia crenulata. Duranta Duranta plumerii.

Akas-Nimb Millingtonia hortensis. Erand Ricinus communis.

Al or Bartondi Morinda tinctoria. Ghagri Crotalaria retusa.

Alu Vengueria spinosa. Ghaneri, Tanatani Lantana camara.

Amba Mangifera indica. Ghatbor Zizyphus xylopyra.

Nothopegia Amberi Ghaypat Agave sisalana. colebrookiana.

Rauwolfia Ambgool, Narali Elceagnus latijolia. Harki serpentina.

Anjani Memecylon edule. Hasoli, Asolin, Shirul Grewia microcos.

Gymnosporia Apta Bauhinia recemosa. Henkal montana.

Arjun-Sadada ' Terminalia arjuna. Huli, Gowari Hibiscus furcatus. Dhavada'.

Asana, Katak Bridelia retusa. Ingali Gymnosporia

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 56 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery emarginata.

Avala Phyllanthus embilica. Jephali Jatropha curcas.

Loranthus longiflorus (on teak, ain amba and Babul Acacia arabica. Kanguli, Bandgul Kumbhi) L. cunearus (on Kinjal).

Bahawa Cassia fistula. Kanheri Nerium odorum.

Behada, Vehola, Hela Terminalia belerica. Kanphulia, Bisur Callicarpa lanata.

Flemingia Bel Aegle marmelos. Kankuti strobilifera.

Colebrookia Webera Bhamini Kare oppositifolia. corymbosa.

Bhendi Thespesia polulnea. Karhi-Nimb Murraya koenigii.

Clerodendron Bhokar Cordia myxa. Kari, Bhandire infortunatum.

Glochvdion Bhoma Karwand Carissa carendas. lanceolarium.

Strobilanthes Bhutkes Mussaenda frondosa. Karvi callosus.

Elaeodendron Solanum Bhutya Kate-ringani glaucum. xanthocarpum.

Semecarpus Trichosanthes Biba Kaundal anacardium. palmata.

Phyllanthus Bibi Holigarna arnottiana. Kavli reticulatus.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 57 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Pterocarpus Bibla, Asan Kevani Helicteres isora. marsupium.

Jasminum Bocha Salix ichnostachya. Kusari arboresoens.

Lagerstroemia Bondara, Lendi Lal Chameli Quisqualis indica. parviflora.

Bor Zizyphus jujuba. Lajalu Mimosa pudica.

Dolichondronl Chandan Santalum album. Madzhing falcata.

Macaranga Chandida Mahalunga Citrus medica. roxburghii.

Chapha Michelia champaca. Mondie Lawsonia alba.

Char, Charoli Buchanania latifolia. Morbel Clematis triloba.

Erincarpus Chera Moriel Clematis gouriana. nimmoanus.

Chinch Tamarindus indica. Nagphani Opuntia dilleni.

Maravellia Dahiwan Cordia macleodii. Nakchikni zeylanica.

Kumbhi Careya arborea. Neptad Capparis aphylla.

Mallotus Kumkum Shendri Nigdi Vitex trifolia. philippinensis.

Hemigyrosa Indigofera Krpa Nil canescens. tinctoria.

Euphorbia Kurwat Ficus hispida. Nivdung neriifolia.

Euphorbia Kurkuti Connarus wightii. Nivdung antiquorum.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 58 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Lodhra, Lodhya, Hura Symplocos beddomei. Pandhari Murraya exotica.

Flueggia Lokhandi Ixora parviflora. Pandharphali microcarpa.

Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa. Pitkuli Eugenia zeylanica.

Moha Rassia latifolia. Pitkuli Pendgul Ixora coccinea.

Salvadora Moina, Shemat Lannea grandis. Pilu Katri oleocides.

Legerstraemia Gymnosporia Mana Pithori lanceolata. Konkanensis.

Nandruk Ficus retuse. Phulati Acacia latronum.

Lasiosiphon Neem Azadirachta indica. Rametha eriocephalus.

Catstropia Nimbara Malia dubia. Rui gigantea.

Stereospermum Padali BAMBOO. chalonoides.

Chiva, Tokar, Modar, Dendrocalamus Palas Bhutea jrondosa. Mace. strictus.

Oxytenanthera Pangara Erythrina indica. Konda stocksii.

Oxytenanthera Pajarabhul Olea dioica. Ranchiva monostigma.

Wendlandia Bambusa Parvi Velu, Kalak, Padhai notoniana. arundinacea.

Petari Trewia nudiflora. GRASSES.

Artocarpus Phanas Bhongrat Anthistiria ciliata. integrifolia.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 59 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery Andropogon Phansi Carallia integerrima. Bhale kusal tricticeus.

Pimpal Ficus religiosa. Buld grass Cyperus bulbosus.

Pimpar Ficus arnottiana. Chirka Eragrestis tremula.

Andropogon Pimpri Ficus tsiela. Chanya marvel pertusus.

Andropogon Putranjiva Putranjiva roxburghii. Condal permilis.

Ranbhendi Thespesia lampas. Harali Cynodon dactylon.

Ischaemum Ranaphanas Artocarpus hirsuta. Kunda pilosum.

Andropogon Ratamba, Kokam Carvcinia indica. Kusali contortus.

Andropogon Ritha Sapindus emarginata. Marvel annulatus.

Sag, Teak Tectona grandis. Hut grass Cyperus rotundus.

Aristida Satwin Alstonia schloris. Pandhari kusal paniculata.

Ischoenum Sawar Sewar Bombax malabaricum. Pavnya sulcatum.

Sawar Bombax insigne. Phuli Apluda varia.

Andropogon Shindi Phcenix sylvestris. Rosha schoenanihus.

Shiras Albizzia lebbek. Shenda Ischcenurn laxum.

Shiras, Kala Albizzia odoratissima. Shimpi Panicum isachne.

Saccharum Shissam Dalbergia latijolia. Wavashi procerum

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 60 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Shivan Gmelina arborea.

Sitaphal Anona squamosa.

Surangi, Undin Calophyllum inophyllum.

Surangi Ochrocarpus longifolius.

Tad Borassus flabellifer.

Tamalpatra Cinnamomum tamala.

Tembhurni (Diospros melanoxylon). Oroxylum indicum.

Tetu Zeanthoxylum rhetsa.

Triphal

Tiwas Ougenia dalbergioides.

Tugal, Lallai Albizzia amara.

Um, Hoom Polyalthisucerasoides.

Umber Ficus glmoerata.

Wad Ficus bengalensis.

Warang Kydia calycina.

Waras Heterophragma roxburghii.

Wavla Holoptelia integrifolia.

Wumb Hephelium longana.

Fauna Fauna in the study area was identified during the survey and collected from secondary sources. This list of common species found in the study area is presented in Table 3.14.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 61 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Table no. 3.11:

For Various Species of Fauna in the Study Area

Zoological name English name Local name

Macaca mulatta Monkey Bandar

Felis chaus Wild cat Jungali billi

Canis aureus Jackal Gidar

Herpestes Common Mongoose Newla

Funambulus pennati Squirral Gilhree

Rattus rattus Common house rat Chuha

Lapus nigricollis Rabbit Kharagosh

Cunopterus sphinx Bat Chamgadar

Vulpus bengalensis Indian fox Lomdi

Table No. 3.12:

For Various Bird Species in Study Area

Zoological name English name Local name

Dinipium benghalense Wood peaker Kathfoda

Francolinus pondicerianus Grey partridge Titar

Coturnix coturnix Common quail Bater

Pavo cristatus Pea fowl Mor

Gyps bengalensis Bengal vulture Giddh

Columbia livia Blue rock pigeon Kabutar

Flanus caeruleus Black kite Cheel

Erithacus svecicus Blue throatal Neelkanth

Corvus splendens House crow Kauwa

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 62 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle crow ----

Psittacula crameri Parrot Tota

Eudynamys scolopacea Koel Koyal

Otus scops Owl Ullu

Acridotheres Sparrow House sparrow

Hemidactylis species Wall Lizard Chipakli

Calots Versicular Garden lizard Girgit

3.10 DOMESTIC ANIMALS Animal husbandry plays an important role in rural economy and its contribution for the economic up liftment of the rural area is now considered as important as agriculture. Owing to the availability of green fodder throughout the year, the environment of the area is congenial for domestication of animals. The farmers of the area keep live stock for satisfying their daily requirement. In the study area the animal population comprises of Cows, Buffaloes, Goats, Horses and Pigs. The poultry population largely comprises of Cocks & Hens etc.

3.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Assessment of Socio-economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA study. The socio- economic status of the study area was collected / generated by survey and the secondary sources i.e. Census book. The study includes description of demography of the area and existing basic amenities in this area.

3.12 BASIC AMENITIES In the matter of civic and other amenities, Kolhapur stands at the top in the district. The civic amenities provided by the municipality include street lighting protected water-supply and arrangements for cleanliness of the town and disposal of the town refuse. Sewerage in the town has been improved lately by a network of underground system. A network of fire-fighting service is also available. Besides, the municipality runs four Ayurvedic Dispensaries, a

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 63 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Maternity and Child Welfare Centre and a Sub-Centre and a Family Planning Centre. It also runs a library cum reading room.

A high powered Development Board has been constituted for the speedy development and growth of the Kolhapur town.

Education

The educational standards in the district are in keeping with the general educational backwardness in the country. However, the major portion of the district which was under the sovereignty of the former Indian ruler could be regarded as possessing better literacy standards as compared to other parts in the State due to superior educational reforms introduced by the ruler of the State. The gradual increase in the number of literates from 34,334 in 1911 to 1,30,895 in 1951 is a sufficient testimony to this fact. With the exception of the Government's Arts and Science College, facilities for higher education were few and far between. The middle and secondary schools were located in a few important towns only, so that upper primary educational facilities were available only to a part of urban populace. Education was rather a dream to the ruralites. The last few years have witnessed a radical change in the whole structure of education in the district. There are quite a few colleges giving education in different faculties. Practically any place with a population of more than 5,000 or over has a secondary and upper middle school. All the villages have been provided with educational facilities under various schemes undertaken and implemented by the Government. The following few figures give an idea of the varied education received by the people of the district:-

Total literates 1,30,895 Middle School 15,126 S. L. C. or Matriculates 4,189 Intermediate Arts or Science 972 Graduates 1,019 Post Graduates in Arts, Commerce and Science 89 Teaching 656 Engineering 87

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 64 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Agriculture 18 Veterinary 5 Commerce 36 Law 386 Medicine 190 Other 56

3.13 Industries located in 10 km radius study area  Gurudatta Sugar Factory: 05 Kms. The list of other industries is as follows –  Dattashirol S.S.K.Ltd., Shirol. 14 Kms.

 Panchganga S.S.K. Ltd., Ichalkargi. 22 Kms.

 Indira Mahila Sppinning Mill. Shivnakwadi. 12 Kms.

 Deccan Sppinng Mill. Ichalkarangi. 17

3.14 MINERALS The district is well endowed with building stones. Hard, compact, fine to medium grained Kaladgi sandstones and quartzites are quarried for construction materials near Nesri, Harur, Gajargaon, Ajra and Gargoti. They are also worked for road metal near Harali Budrukh and Harali Khurd. Some of the harder varieties of Deccan trap are extremely good for building purposes and are worked in the Jotiba hill quarries. The rock is fine grained, hard, compact, bluish-grey and can be traced up to the Panhala fort and along the range for many miles. It is also quarried near Ajra, Gandhinglaj, Gargotti, Kagal etc. Laterite.- Laterite is abundant and has been largely used for walls and buildings in many of the old forts and is still used in many of the villages in the district. Irregular nodules of kankar occur in the soil, especially in the eastern part of the district, and is locally used for lime-burning. Copper.- Traces of thin films of metallic copper are reported in some excavations in the trap near Kolhapur and also in a railway cutting 11½ miles from Kolhapur. These are of academic importance only.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 65 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-3 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Gypsum. - Some irregular nodules of fibrous gypsum found in red clay are reported near Tambiyadi. This has no economic value.

Iron.-Fair quality iron-ore occurs in small quantities in the laterite throughout the district but is useless at present as source of raw material for smelting.

Kaolin.-Small quantities of inferior type of kaolin are noticed near Panhalla fort, Gudalkop, Gadhinglaj and Budargarh fort, but these occurrences are not important economically.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 66 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

CHAPTER 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION Identification, prediction and assessment of potential impacts of the proposed project on the surrounding environment during construction and thereafter during operation stage have been discussed in this section. In line with any industrial development, the distillery projects have environmental impacts during construction and operational phases. By and large the impacts are local and there are no major sub regional or regional negative impacts.

The proposed molasses based distillery installation will involve activities such as dismantling of existing 30 KLPD sugar cane based distillery, erection and installation of new plant and machinery for 100 KLPD molasses based distillery, creation of infrastructure to transport raw material and finished products as the main activities during construction phase. These activities during construction phase will have impacts on air & water quality, noise levels, socio-economic conditions. However the impact on environment will be limited to construction phase. Following paragraphs give a brief description of the environmental impacts of proposed of Distillery projects during construction and operational phases.

4.1 IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE The construction phase is expected to last for four to six months. Construction activity is limited to foundation works for various plant and machinery as detailed in chapter-2. Hence, the quantum of construction material such as stone, bricks and gravel is also small, as mostly foundation work is involved. Approximately 200 employees will be engaged in construction work. These workers will not reside in the premises. They come from nearby villages. The generation of wastes including gaseous emissions, waste water and solid wastes will not be significant.

The activities may have small impact on land environment, water environment, air environment and noise level and these are discussed below.

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

4.1.1 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT During construction phase, suspended particulate matter will be the main pollutant, which will be generated from site development activities and movement of vehicles. The impact will be mostly confined within the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the plant boundary. The transportation and construction activity will be for a limited period and therefore the air emissions due to vehicles or construction equipment will be for a limited period only.

The impact of such activities would be temporary and restricted to construction phase.

The internal roads will be paved or tarred. Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles, sprinkling of water on roads and construction site are some of the measures that would greatly mitigate the impacts on air environment during the construction phase.

All the vehicles permitted at the project site will be possessing Pollution Under Control certificate.

All the contractors will be instructed to carry out regular maintenance of vehicles in order to keep pollution under check.

4.1.2 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT Due to civil construction activities, during rainy season the surface run off may contain more of eroded soil and other loose matter. Construction activities may be avoided during rainy days to mitigate the small impacts on soil quality caused due to construction activity. Segregation of construction area and proper drainages facilities will prevent the contamination of water due to during construction. Proper garland drains will be provided so as contaminants like oil and grease, diesel fuel, paints etc do not mix with soil. Water after washing will be collected in drain in an impervious pond, filtered and used for irrigation.

Proper drinking and sanitation facilities will be constructed first for workers. The sewage will be collected in a septic tank with overflow as well as sludge will be used for irrigation.

4.1.3 IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise will be generated during the construction phase due to vehicular traffic, movement and operation of construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixer, cranes, generators, compressors, vibrators etc. The operation of these equipments will generate noise ranging

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 2 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery between 70-85 dB (A). Major construction work will be carried during the day time. Personnel protective devises such as ear muffs will be provided to the operators of this machinery to prevent harm due to noise.

Since noise levels reduce @ square of distance, effect of construction activity noise shall not be significant on surrounding areas.

As construction phase is temporary, impact, though insignificant, will also be temporary and limited to earlier part of construction phase.

4.1.4 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT Construction will be carried out in land already available. Land is already developed with factory shed already constructed. It can be used to house proposed 100 KLPD molasses based distillery equipments.. No earth moving / leveling is involved. There is no vegetation or trees or water bodies present on factory land. Most of the land is open with storage sheds, roads, effluent treatment systems installed.

33% of open land and belt around the factory premises is partly developed and will be developed as green belt. Plant sampling suiting local conditions will be planted.

4.1.5 IMPACT ON BIO DIVERSITY Since the project is on a barren land devoid of vegetation, there will be no negative impact on bio diversity. Green cover will improve as plants compatible with local ecology will be planted.

The site does not have any significant habitant for animals. Reptiles, snakes etc if present will shift to nearby areas not so much distant and overall effect will be insignificant.

4.1.6 IMPACT ON SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Since the factory construction is proposed on vacant land with ownership rights with project proponent, no rehabilitation or resettlement (R & R) issues are involved.

The construction phase will be for a limited time and will provide employment to skilled, semiskilled and unskilled (mostly women) labour, hence a small number of such families about 200 numbers will find employment for duration of construction phase.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 3 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

4.1.7. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY During the construction it is likely to occur minor or major accidents at the site. Mitigation All the workers will be provided Helmets, gumshoes, goggles and safety instructions such as use of siren to inform management and first aid will be given. Immediately a call to fire brigade as well as ambulance will be made.

4.2 IMPACT DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE The operations of distillery unit have potential of negative impact on the components of environment as discussed below:

4.2.1 AIR POLLUTION: Steam Generating Unit generates air pollution due to suspended particulate emission in air after using Bagasse as a fuel. If steam boiler of 25 TPH steam generation capacity is operated at full load it will consume 270 MT per day bagasse. Considering 5% ash in bagasse it will create 13.5 MT of ash per day. In addition 80 TPD concentrated spent wash will be sprayed for destruction.

About 10% of total ash will appear as fly ash i.e. 1.35 MT/day will be transported with flue gas. A bag filter installed just before I D fan will arrest most of this emission and is expected to restrict emission to below 150 mg/Nm3 accepted norm for bagasse fired boilers.

4.2.2 SOLID WASTE GENERATION The same operation the remaining ash i.e. 12.15 MT/day will appear as bottom ash. It is a nonhazardous commodity readily picked up by brick manufacturers and will be disposed to them. This way there is indirect benefit of saving in soil.

4.2.3 NOISE POLLUTION Noise will be generated due to boiler and Turbine operation. Personnel operating in these areas will need to use ear muffs. Since noise reduces @ square of distance, effect of noise will not be felt outside the factory boundary.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 4 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

4.2.4 WATER POLLUTION Water pollution is the real problem in distillery. Distillery operation generates highly polluting spent wash @ 800 m3/day the detailed treatment of it is described in following text. Water requirement for the project is detailed below:

4.2.4.1 WATER BUDGET The total water requirement will be 1435 m3/day. The water requirement will be fulfilled from Panchganga River.

Particular Total Process 1260 Condensing, cooling and blow down 200 Boiler Make up 466 Floor washing 15 Sanitary 15 Drinking 15 Greenbelt 30 Fire services 20 Total 2021

Boiler Blow down and cooling tower blow down are other waste water which gets purified by settling and can be used for ash quenching.

4.2.4.2 WATER CONSERVATION (TOR POINT.12) KSPL plans to initiate substantial saving in water requirement by recovering, reusing and recycling of process water. Following table indicates amount of recovery planned and saving expected from individual water consumption and user section:

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 5 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Particular Total Reuse Reason (m3/day) (m3/day) Process 1260 330 Water recovery Condensing, cooling and blow 200 -- Loss down Boiler Make up 466 346 Condensate recovery

Floor washing 15 15 By treated effluent Sanitary 15 15 By treated effluent

Drinking 15 -- Greenbelt 30 -- By treated effluent Fire services 20 20 Not required daily 490 Water recovery from MEE

Total 2021 1216 Final Water requirement -- 805

By adopting such conservation techniques KSPL will restrict fresh water consumption to 805 KLPD as against expected water requirement of 2011 KLPD even though manufacturing capacity is planned to be raised to 100 KLPD .

Less water consumption automatically reflects in less effluent generation.

4.2.4.3. MITIGATION OF WATER POLLUTION Spent Wash generated in a molasses based distillery is high density organic waste water with COD as high as 100,000 mg/L, BOD is as high as above 35000 mg/liter, It is dark in color and high in viscosity, pH is about 4 to 4.5 and very corrosive. To produce one ton of alcohol, there will be 10 tons of wastewater which pollutes the environment seriously. Treatment for molasses alcohol spent wash has long been the crux of environmental protection. Experts all over world have tried many ways, among which concentration burning treatment was reckoned the thorough list way since it can recover the energy and ash. This process design adopts many technologies

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 6 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery developed, solving the problems of corrosion, ash fouling, coking in the concentration burning spent wash around the years.

Detailed below is the scheme proposed by KSPL to ensure maximum water and energy conservation as well as achieve zero discharge: The scheme will be implemented in following three simple steps: (Tor Point. 15) A. Reduction in COD and recovery of biogas B. Concentration of spent wash in multiple effect evaporator C. Incineration of concentrated spent wash in boiler A. Reduction in COD and recovery of biogas By use of most modern technology the production of spent wash will be restricted to 800 KLPD.

Spent wash generation : 8 liters / liter of spirit Spent wash generated : 800 m3/day Spent wash solid : 10-11% w/w Digestive COD in spent wash : 80,000- 100,000 mg/lit Digestive BOD in spent wash : 30,000- 45,000 mg/lit TSS in spent wash : 3500 mg/lit (max) Spent wash temperature : 30-35 deg C Spent wash pH : 4.0- 5.0

This spent wash will be treated in biomethanation plant for biogas recovery for energy conservation. Biomethanation plant will consist of:

 Bio-digester,  Degassing tank  Clarifier  Gas holding tank  Gas blower and flare arrangement

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 7 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Process Parameter Quantity / Value

Spent wash generation 8 kl / kl of alcohol 800 KL/day spent wash COD 100,000 mg/lit Total COD Available 80,000 kg/day Reduction in biodigestor COD 65% Total reduction COD 52000 kg/day

Biogas generation 0.5 nm3/kg of 26000 nm3/day COD reduction Use in heating Calorific value 4500 kcal/nm3

Steam generation By biogas 126 MT/day

Equivalent bagasse Saving 54 MT/day

Thus by generation of biogas 126 MT/day of steam generation will be possible and it will reflect in 54 MT/day of bagasse saving. B Concentration of spent wash in multiple effect evaporators Basis: 100 KL/day of alcohol Production = 80 ton/day

 Its waste water is 100 x 8 = 800 ton/day = 33.3 ton/hr.

 The concentrated slops = 33.33 x 12% / 65% = 6.15 Ton/hr

 Water evaporate = (33.33 – 6.15) = 27.18 ton/hr

 Total water evaporated : 27.18 X 24 = 652 MT/day of 652 m3/day

 Assuming losses and plant factor : 25%

 Actual water available for reuse: 490 m3/day C Incineration of spent wash: The solid content in the waste water is 12% with 9-10% organic material and 2-3% ash. The concentrated spent wash for burning is required to have at least 60-65% of solid Content. It means the evaporator has to concentrate the waste water from 12% to 65%. Now it has heating value 1000 Kcal/kg and it can be burned directly after spaying on bagasse without any assistant fuel.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 8 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Calculation: The concentration section will have four effect evaporator. To evaporate 1 ton of water 0.3 ton of steam is required, so the steam consumption is 27.18 x 0.3 = 8.15 ton/hr.

 Calculation for burning of concentration spent wash

 Burning the slops can provide heat of 6.15 MT or 6150 kg X 1000 = 6150000 kcal /day

 Enthalpy of steam : 638 Kcal

 Steam generation : 9639 kg/hr

 Boiler efficiency : 75%

 Final steam generation : 7229 kg/hr

 Equivalent bagasse saving : 3076 kg/hr or 74 MT/day Burning Process: The boiler meant to burn concentrated spent wash during the startup first burns coal to raise the initial furnace and bed temperature to 900 deg. C to 1200 deg. C. The concentrated slops are injected in by a high pressure pump and is sprayed to be burned in the boiler. There is need to use coal as an auxiliary fuel up to 25%. So 1.75 t/h coal or paddy shell (low heat value is 3000 kal/kg) will be used simultaneously as steam generation will be raised to 25t/h to meet the need of steam and power required for production.

The flue gas generated due to burning will first pass through the ash separator in the furnace outlet where part of the coarse ash is separated followed by economizer to recover the heat and by heating the incoming feed water. Flue gases then pass through multi-cyclone separator before being discharged into the air through stack. The coarse ash from the burning and the ash collected by the dust collector about 12.15 tons each day, will be recovered and picked up by brick manufacturers for use in brick making.

In this way the distillery will NOT discharge any waste water and most problematic part of alcohol distillation is taken care of.

4.3 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (TOR point no 6) The exhaust gases, generated by burning of fuel, will be discharged into the atmosphere through an stack after passing through the multi-cyclone separator. An independent stack has been

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 9 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery proposed of the height of 35 meters according to the Central Pollution Control Board, (CPCB) Govt. of India guidelines will be provided. By adaptation of bagasse saving techniques actual use of bagasse will be restricted to 142 MT/day and spent wash 6.15 MTD. fly ash generation will be restricted 142 x 5% x10%=0.71 MTD or 0.02958 MT/hr plus 6.15 x 10.7% x 10% /24= 0.0027 MT/hr Total = 0.2965 MT/hr Height of stack : 74 Q 0.27 m : 74 x 0 .32 0.27 : 74 x 0.39 = 28.8 M In case 100 % bagasse is used 270 MT/day and fly ash generation will be restricted to 1.35 MT/day And stack height requirement in this case will be : 74 X 0.0560.27 m : 34 M As the boiler is primarily bagasse fired boiler emission level of 800 mg/nm3 as per the Central Pollution Control Board, (CPCB) Govt. of India guidelines will be adhered to. However KSPL will provide a better emission control to limit emission to within 150 mg/nm3 by using bag filter before chimney.

Calculation of chimney height based on SO2 emission: Case A : 100% bagasse Raw material = 270 MT/day Sulphur percentage is bagasse = 0.02%

SO2 emission= 4.5kg/Hr Stack height H=14 Q0.3 =14*4.50.3 =21.98 m Case B bagasse with spent wash Raw material = 142 MT/day Sulphur percentage is bagasse = 0.02

SO2 emission= 2.4 kg/Hr Stack height H=14 Q0.3

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 10 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

=14*2.40.3 =18.12 m Spent wash Raw material = 6.15 MT/day Sulphur percentage is bagasse = 0.55

SO2 emission= 2.81 kg/Hr Stack height H=14 Q0.3 =14*2.810.3 = 19.08m With combined considerations of particulate emissions and SO2 emission, maximum height required works out to be 34 M. KSPL will provide a stack of 35 M height. KSPL do not intend to use coal as fuel for the boiler . bagasse and spent wash will be the fuel.

Since bagasse sulphur content is very low ().02% total SO2 emission will be restricted to 2.4 Kg/hr plus 2.8 Kg/hr =5.2 Kg/hr or 124.8 kg/day.

In this way KSPL intends to control SO2 emissions due to its proposal to as low as 124.8 kg/day

4.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (TOR POINT.27) Solid wastes generated from the process are: Ash - 5 %. Yeast sludge - 2 M3/day Bottom ash - 12.15 MT/day Since KSPL has planned elaborate procedures of energy conservation by way of recovery of biogas and incineration of spent wash, the bagasse consumption will reduce: Total bagasse required : 270 MT/day for 25 TPH steam boiler Saving in bagasse : 54 MT/day by use of biogas in boiler obtained from biomethanation : 74 MT/day due to burning of spent wash Total savings : 128 MT/day Bagasse required : 270 MT/day - 128 MT/day = 142 MT/day

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 11 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Assuming 5% ash due to bagasse as well as spent wash ash generation will be 0.8 MT/day fly ash and 3.2 MT/day bottom ash. 4.5 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT Development of green belt in and around KSPL complex will be done in 8 acres of plot to curtail the dispersion of pollutants in the surrounding areas. Height, width, foliage, surface area, density of the leaf, etc are the factors that affect degree of pollution attenuation by a green belt. Various common plant species like Banyan Mango, Neem, etc. are proposed to be planted in green belt of distillery. On the boundary side species like Safeda [Eucalyptus hybrid], Subabhul [Leucaenea leucocephala], Poplar [Poplus alba], Shatut [Morus alba] will be planted. Fruit trees like Mango, Jamun, Amrud, Ber, Neebu, Banana, and Papita will be in the inner sector. Also herbs and shrubs like Munj, Behaya, Bhang, Dub, and Kanas are proposed for plantation. Almost 2700 various species are planned to be planted. The main objectives of the green belt development in and around the proposed distillery will be to  Provide a barrier to absorb sound waves and avoid noise pollution  Act as windbreakers.  Mitigate impact due to fugitive emissions.  Create an aesthetic environment.  Create a complex bio-diverse ecology.  Restore the water balance  Prevent soil erosion & surface run off. About 2700 trees are planned for plantation and greenbelt in 8 acres of land will be developed.

4.6 RAIN WATER HARVESTING (TOR Point.27) The distillery unit does not provide large scope of rainwater collection from roof as plant building is usually structural work in concrete. However a large area will be available unpaved for water percolation within ground in raining season.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 12 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-4 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

KSPL plans to construct storm water drains in such a way so as to have rain water harvesting pits constructed in path of storm water. The drain will lead to an underground collection tank were excess storm water will be collected.

Overflow of storm water drain shall be connected to fire water tank.

Excess storm water will be filtered of dust and other foreign particulates and used in non process application.

4.7 Traffic management: The unit will not produce molaases. It will require 400 MT of molaases to be brought in from nearby sugar mills within 50 KM of area. This will impost 40 tankers to bring in molasses on per day basis.

The other raw material is bagasse. This will be 270 MT/day to be brought in from sugar mills only in tractor troyelleys. These troyelleys have two trailers attached and carry about 10 MT of material. Hence minimum 27 tractor troyelleys will ferry bagasse from neaby sugar mills for a distance of 50 km from plant site.

The fina product will be ethanol 100 KLPD. It will be transported to buyers in 10 steel tankers.

Thus overall about 50 tankers and 27 trolleys will be required to operate per day. It amounts to ales than 2 vehicles in an hour.

This is insignificant and is not expected to pose any traffic problems due to raw material and product movement due to proposed project.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 13 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur CHAPTER 5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS

5.0 ENVIONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS Legislations implemented in India related to environment conservation brought awareness in people as well as the administrators. It created the logical first step in this process of environmental impact assessment. It presents the opportunity for the authorities to consider, in their decision making, the effects of actions that are not accounted for in the normal market exchange of goods and services. Adherence to pure economic exchange theory and practice for decision making usually results in adverse consequences at the proposed site where the project is going to be implemented.

The environmental impact assessment is the documentation of environmental analysis, which includes identification, interpretation, prediction and mitigation methods and its effectiveness on proposed project. A properly studied assessment should enable the planner to conclude whether the proposal should or should not be implemented, or whether the environmental impact is or is not significant and if the action will be or will not be environmentally controversial. Whenever it is concluded that significant environmental impact will result from a proposed action, or it may become environmental controversial, other avenues should be explored.

The process of environmental impact analysis serves to meet the primary goal of Parliament in enacting Environmental Policy Act 1986 to establish national policy in favor of protecting and restoring the environmental.

The primary purpose for preparing environmental impact assessment is to disclose the environmental consequences of a proposed action, there by alerting the agencies, decision makers and the public to the environmental risks that are involved in a proposal. An important intended consequence of this disclosure is to build in to the concerned decision making process, a continuous consciousness of environmental consideration.

The spirit of the law is founded on the premises, that to utilize resources in an environmentally compatible way and to protect and enhance the environment. It is necessary to know how Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-5 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery activities of the proposed project will affect the environment and to consider these effects early enough so that changes in plan can be made if the potential impacts warrant them.

Environmental impact assessment provides a vehicle to record impacts of activities so that knowledge of what adverse changes may occur can be collected and maintained. The purpose of inventory is to ensure discloser of the impacts on the proposed projects so that concern institutions or individuals will be aware of possible repercussions of the subject activities. Another valuable use for the inventory of impacts is to identify the potential cumulative effects of a group or series of activities in an area. Any single activity might not cause serious changes in the environmental but when its effects are added to those of other projects, the impacts on the environment might be severe. The potential for cumulative impacts must be identified and in some cases, this may be possible only at the intra agency level. A preliminary assessment will indicate the possible impact areas on which detailed data should be monitored for presenting the results of the preliminary assessment. This will attempt to answer the impacts on physical or health hazard, economic interest of the existing communities, impact on infrastructure, and future growth pattern in the region.

5.1 MATRIX METHOD The major use of matrices is to indicate cause and effect by listing activities along horizontal axis and environmental parameters along the vertical axis. In this way the impacts of both individual components of projects as well as major alternatives can be compared. The simplest matrices use a single mark to show whether an impact is predicted or not. However, it is easy to increase the information level by changing the size of the mark to indicate scale. The greatest drawback of matrices is that they can effectively illustrate only the primary impacts.

A matrix having rows as environmental attributes or impact areas and columns having proposed project activities is constructed. Each action having an impact on environmental attributes is given a weight or Parameter Importance Unit (PIU) viewed by experts. Weights given are on following conception.

Weight 1 is given for insignificant low impact, which is not injurious to environment in case of its adverse nature.

Weight 3 is given in case of measurable impact, which is not injurious to environment with proper planning and building in case of its adverse nature.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 2 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-5 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Weight 7 is given in case of high impact on environment, which can be curbed by taking precautionary measures in case of its adverse nature.

Weight 10 is given in case of very high impact on environment.

The predicted environmental impact rated on a scale of environmental scores multiplied by the corresponding weight then gives the weighted impact. All weighted impacts added together give the overall weighted impact of proposed project on environment. Negative sign in impact matrix indicates that the impact is of adverse nature.

The environmental matrix for the proposed cogeneration power plant after plan after and during its implementation is shown in table No. 3

Environmental Impact Matrix for the Proposed Distillery during Construction Phase

Sr. No. Environmental Environmental Score Due to Activities Attribute I II III

1 Air Quality -1 3 1 3 -1 3

2 Noise Levels -1 5 1 3 -1 3

3 Land Use 0 5 1 3 -1 3

4 Soil Chemistry -1 3 1 3 -1 3

5 Crop Yield -2 3 0 3 -1 3

6 Occupational 3 5 1 5 2 5 Structure

7 Flora & Fauna 0 3 1 3 1 3

8 Social Interactions 2 3 2 3 3 5

9 Transportation 2 5 1 3 1 3

10 Economy 3 5 2 3 1 7

LEGEND

I Erection of mechanical equipments

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 3 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-5 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

II Plantation/landscaping

III Infrastructural activities

Environmental Impact Matrix for the proposed distillery During Construction Phase (Contd…)

Sr. Environmental Attribute Environmental Impact Due to Activities No.

I II

1 Air Quality -2 7 2 5

2 Noise Levels -2 5 2 3

3 Land Use - - 2 5

4 Soil Chemistry -1 5 1 5

5 Crop Yield -2 5 1 3

6 Occupational Structure 5 7 1 3

7 Flora & Fauna -1 3 2 5

8 Social Interactions 3 5 1 3

9 Transportation 3 5 1 3

10 Economy 3 7 1 3

LEGEND

I Power Generation

II Plantation / Landscaping

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 4 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-5 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

5.2 CHECK LIST METHOD The detailed impact analysis and from the course of the environmental impact assessment one has to use a checklist method for identifying the possible impact during and after the completion of the proposed plant. The check list include modification of regime, land transformation and construction, resource extraction, processing, land alternation, resource renewal, changes in traffic, waste replacement and treatment, chemical treatment and accident risk involved have to be assessed. This comprehensive and user friendly checklist is invaluable aid for several activities of EIA, particularly in scoping and defining baseline studies. The check list has been prepared for non-specialist and enables much time consuming work to be carried out in advance of expert input. It includes extensive data collection sheets. The collected data can then be used to answer a series of questions to identify major impacts and identify shortage of data. The result sheet from the checklist is reproduced in the following table.

Result Sheet for Assessing Checklist

Parameter Positive Positive No Negative Negative No Comm- Impact Impact Impact Impact Impact Judgment ents Very Possible Possible Very Possible

Alteration of No No Yes No No -- -- ground water hydrology

Irrigation No No Yes No No -- --

Noise and No No Yes No No -- -- vibration

Urbanization Yes ------

Highways No No Yes No No -- --

Dams No No Yes No No -- --

Surface No Yes No No ------Excavation

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 5 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-5 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Well drilling Yes ------

Farming Yes ------

Pairing Yes ------

Energy Yes ------Generation

Erosion Yes ------Control & Terracing

Ground water No No Yes ------Recharge

Result Sheet for Assessing Checklist

Parameter Positive Positive No Negative Negative No Comments Impact Impact Impact Impact Impact Judgment Very Possible Possible Very Possible

Waste Yes ------Recycling

Fertilizer Yes ------Application

Trucking Yes ------

Communicati Yes ------on

Land Fill -- -- Yes -- - --

Cooling Yes ------water Discharge

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 6 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-5 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Liquid No -- Yes ------Effluent Discharge

Stack and No -- Yes ------Exhaust Emission

Weed Yes ------Control

Insect No -- Yes ------Control

Explosion ------Yes ------

Operational ------Yes ------Failure

The very simple layout of the table enables an overview of impacts to be presented clearly which is enormous value for the scoping of proposed cogeneration power activities.

5.3 EXPERT ADVICE Expert advice should be sought for predictions, which are inherently non-numeric and is particularly suitable for estimating social and cultural impacts. It shall be preferably taken in the form of a consensus of expert opinion for example, it is necessary to find out whether there is impact on wetland or not. The reduction in the wetland productivity may result in to the fall of grain yield. As a consequence the quantity of grain required for producing alcohol shall be severally affected. In order to mitigate these problems it is very much necessary to continuously monitor the production of grain. It is also necessary to make available the other type of biomass for producing power with the use of boiler.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 7 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) (ToR Point. 25, 26) Environmental impact analysis carried out in previous chapter indicates that Molasses based proposed distillery project of KSPL would not have any adverse effects on any of the environmental attributes. The EMP has been designed in such a fashion that all the affected components have been covered and analysed separately. Main goal of Environment Management Plan is to conserve the resources, minimize the waste generation, treatment of waste to within acceptable norms, recovery of by products and recycling of material. It also incorporates preserving flora and fauna of the region and landscaping of open area.

Post project monitoring is essential part of EMP in order to assess effectiveness of mitigation and other conservation methods suggested.

6.1 DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 6.1.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT

 During construction water will be needed mainly for cement concrete mixing purpose, slab watering, and tank preparation. PP plans to use existing building hence no major building construction work is involved for the project. Most of civil construction will be limited to foundations and structural work for plant and machinery.

 Waste water is not generated during construction activity hence, no formation or discharge of waste water during construction will occur.

 Being existing factory sanitation and drinking water provision for construction workers is existing.

6.1.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

 As no building construction is involved use of cement, gravel and sand etc is limited to foundation of new equipments, hence expected to be insignificant factor in air pollution.

 RMC will be used mostly in construction. No mixing of cement, sand, gravel required at site. Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller

 All vehicles entering the factory premises will be maintained regularly.

 All the vehicles will follow the vehicular pollution regulation of PUC.

6.1.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

 As no building construction is involved use of heavy duty construction machinery is not required, hence noise impact will be insignificant.

 Preventive and periodic maintenance, lubrication of all equipment will be regularly serviced.

 Ear plugs and air muffs will be provided to construction workers working near the noise generating activities like pneumatic excavation, concrete mixers, compressors etc.

 Sufficient Plantation is already carried out in the premises to absorb noise levels partly.

6.1.4 SOCIOECONOMIC & OCCUPATIONAL IMPACT

 Generally local people will be employed for construction work.

 Facilities of sanitation are already existing

 Potable water supplies to construction workers. Is available at site.

 Canteen facilities are available at site.

 Safety equipments for workers like provision of safety belts, helmets, goggles, aprons, hand gloves, rain coats, and shoes will be provided.

6.2 DURING OPERATION PHASE Generation of waste water, gaseous emission, solid waste and other discharges due to the project operational phase will be reduced to insignificance or below the tolerable limits as per action plan as detailed below:.

6.2.1 AIR ENVIRONNENT AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 2 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller

The only likely source of air pollution from the KSPL proposed molasses based distillery & co- generation process is emission from the stack attached to boiler using agricultural waste/dried spent wash/ coal for steam generation and power co-generation. A chimney of 0.3 m diameter and the stack height of 35 meter are proposed on the basis of CPCB guidelines to ensure proper gaseous dispersion after initial arresting of fly ash in fly ash arrester and a bag filter separator. It is recommended to undertake following mitigation measures for air pollution control to fulfill CPCB norms.

 Air pollution control equipment like Bag-filter shall be installed to reduce particulate emission in air.

 It will be ensured that all vehicles used in transportation have PUC certificate.

 KSPL will ensure all internal roads are tar roads and regular water sprinkling shall be carried out on all the other roads to prevent fugitive dust emissions.

 Tree plantation to the extent of 33% of open area in approximately 8 acres of land is planned to absorb environmental impacts due to gases, dust and noise. Green belt development program has been prepared and a budget of Rs 25 lakhs is allocated for this purpose for initial years. Initially plantation shall be carried out along the boundary wall of the plant.

6.2.2. FLY ASH HANDLING

 Capacity of proposed boiler is 25 TPH and it will consume agri residue / coal / bagasse and concentrated spent wash. Bagasse consumption is proposed to be reduced from @ 270 MT/day to 142 MT/day by use of biogas and spent wash burning.

 Gaseous emission from the boiler will be passed through cyclone separator to control the

emission level of pollutants SPM within the stipulated limits. SO2 emission will be low as bagasse Sulphur content is low. NOx formation will be negligible as burning temperatures are low. The flue gases would be discharged into atmosphere through 35 m high stack.

 Dust collector will be installed on flue gas path before I D fan to mitigate excessive emissions in air.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 3 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller

 Ash from the dust collector hoppers, the air-heater hoppers and the ash collected from the furnace bottom hoppers will be collected in a common silo the total fly

 ash will be picked up by brick manufacturers.

6.2.3. WATER ENVIRONMENT A network of planned storm water drainage will be provided and maintained. Rain water harvesting will be carried out to recharge the ground water. It will help in increasing ground water table around the villages. Heavily polluted waste water generation in form of spent wash will be nil as it will be incinerated along with other fuels in boiler. Other waste water due to washings/ boiler and cooling water blow down shall be used for gardening after primary treatment.

6.2.3.1. EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEM : Effluent treatment Plant Facilities for 100 KLPD Distillery Zero Discharge System for spent wash as it will be 100% burnt in the incineration boiler has been detailed in chapter-4

6.2.4. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (TOR POINT.21) Solid wastes generated from the process are: Ash - 5 %. Yeast sludge - 2 M3/day Bottom ash - 3.2 MT/day The part of ash is distributed to the member farmers for use as manure. The ash generated is used for brick manufacturing and yeast sludge is selling as farm manure. Thus it can be seen that the Management of Karan Sugar Pvt. Ltd. is committed towards environmental protection and have taken necessary measures to counter the pollution generated out of the distillery.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 4 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller

6.2.5 NOISE & VIBRATION CONTROL All the equipments produce continuous noise. As deliberated in chapter -IV, noise level impacts of KSPL operations are significant only on the operators of machinery and are negligible within buffer zone. This is because the noise produced by machinery gets dissipated due to wave divergence, atmospheric absorption and absorption by noise barriers before being even felt in the buffer zone.

Following measures are proposed to lessen noise level impacts on machinery operators and within core and buffer zone of KSPL:

 Proper lubrication and regular maintenance of all the machinery used.

 Development of greenery / barriers / landscaping of trees/ bushes and shrubs.

 Reduced noise exposure to the operators of machinery by work scheduling and by providing ear protective equipment.

 Use rubber sheets in packing in the foundations of machineries to prevent noise transmission to the surrounding.

 Proper isolation & due covering with noise absorbing screens in noise creating areas to make them noise proof.

6.2.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT This molasses based distillery project is aimed at zero discharge as its goal. Maximum water conservation is proposed. The fly ash generated will be used for brick making. Hence it will contribute to saving of soil which otherwise would have been lost in brick making.

6.2.7 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT ( TOR POINT. 24) Development of green belt in and around an industrial complex is an effective way to check the dispersion of pollutants to the surrounding areas. The degree of pollution attenuation by a green belt depends on its height, width, foliage, surface area, density of the leaf, etc. Various plant species like Banyan trees, Mango, Neem, etc is proposed to be planted in green belt of distillery.

The main objectives of the green belt development in and around the proposed distillery will be

 A curtain to absorb sound waves and a barrier

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 5 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller

 Act as windbreakers.  Mitigate impact due to fugitive emissions.  Create an aesthetic environment.  Create a complex bio-diverse ecology.  Restore the water balance  Prevent soil erosion & surface run off.

6.2.8 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (ToR Point.28) The occupational health surveillance program is to address pre employment health examination and periodic health examination. Every employee on his appointment for factory the pre- employment medical examination will be done. Scheme for health surveillance shall include exposure data at each pertinent work place, periodical examination of workers, X-ray examination, lung function test for digestive disorder and clinical examination for early detection of signs of asbestosis. These tests are to be recorded for pre-employment, periodic surveillance and at cessation of employment as per the concerned state government regulations. Occupational health surveillance is to be carried out by occupational physician or chest physician trained in occupational medicine. The occupational health surveillance program is to be drawn for all the employees potentially exposed.

The medical records is to be maintained and stored for period of 15 years following the termination of employment or for 40 years after first day of employment, whichever is later. The medical records is to be maintained covering the details of pre-employment examination, the periodical medical examinations, medical examination done at other times, if any and the medical examinations conducted at cessation of employment and further follow-up examinations, where done. The records shall also be maintained of the individual employee’s occupational exposure profile to asbestos, specific work practices, and preventive measures prescribed, if any.

The occupational health surveillance program is to address the following aspects

Pre-employment medical examination Periodic medical examination Medical employment at cessation of employment

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 6 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller

Maintenance of medical records and Health education Scheme for occupational health monitoring is to be prepared in detail [BIS code of practices IS: 11451-1986 (Reaffirmed 2005) (Recommendations for safety health requirements relating to occupational exposure to asbestos)]

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEILLANCE Assessment This is a Does the occupational health professional of the plant responsible for proposed unit. counting of fibre take part in national or international training? The Are new or re-employed workers submitted to medical exams prior to recommendations working in the plant? of health Are temporary workers submitted to medical screening? surveillance are Is there a register of individual health records (subject to professional expected to be confidentiality)? followed after Are the workers made aware of the results from their own medical project is examinations? implemented. Are the occupational health services of the plant made aware of the workers dust exposure results? Do they carry out regular visit of the plant?

6.2.9. SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS

Industry will help the farmers in various ways i.e. educational, social institutions, cultural institutions.  Create direct & indirect employment opportunities.

 During the construction, employment will be generated for the local villagers.

 The sale of alcohol will generate large amount of revenue to state government by way of excise and octroi for local bodies

 The distillery will also generate direct employment to local skilled, semi- skilled and unskilled workers.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 7 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller

 The distillery can also generate revenue for local population by the services that they render to the industry.

6.2.10. BUDGET PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN KSPL has proposed required budget for EMP in its annual budget to fulfill the stated objectives of the environmental policy. For environmental management capital equipment includes Air Pollution Control System, effluent treatment plant for zero discharge, green belt development and the environment laboratory.

Table 6.1:

Budget provision for Environmental Management plan

Recurring Cost per SL Capital Cost Item annum No (Lac) (Lac) 1 Air Pollution Control 12.5 70.00 2 Water Pollution Control 5.0 400.00 3 Noise Pollution Control ---- 03.00 Environment Monitoring and 4 0.45 03.00 Management 5 Occupational Health 1.00 12.00 6 Green Belt 1.00 25.00 7 Salary of EMP staff 6.8 ---- 8 Safety management. 12.00 9 Laboratory and chemicals 05.0 28.00 Maintenance of ETP and wages of 10 15.0 22.00 workers. Total 46.75 575.00

KSPL management has separately assigned fund of Rs 5.75 crores for an effective technology to ensure all pollution norms are adhered in letter and spirit. Such kind of investment has been done

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 8 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller

by very few industries and management assures water pollution problem will be totally solved by the technology of zero discharge for proposed 100 KLPD molasses based distillery.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)

CSR program shall under take by company as notification published by ministry of corporate affairs dated 27th Febuary, 2014. KSPL has divided all over CSR program into three categories, namely those are as follows.

GREEN INITIATIVES

EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

SOCIAL WELFARE

GREEN INITIATIVES: The ‘Green Initiative’ has become a critical focal point around the world. With the increasing competitive environment, limited resources and increased focus on preserving the environment for future generations, the green benefits of resource conservation are no longer a secondary consideration. KSPL has planned program for initiating green initiatives around its premises.

EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Development of education in India will have to attain a new level of importance considering today’s scenario. To develop education in India, compulsory education should be provided to all the children up to age of 14. From such schemes KSPL has planned to extend helping hand to existing institutes.

SOCIAL WELFARE: Basic objective of the social welfare is to support and improve the standard of living of the people and provide them equal opportunities. Government of India and state government already takes action and proposes several schemes. On this node KSPL also has planned few programs to improve quality of life people of surrounding villages.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 9 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller

I. GREEN INITIATIVES:

1. GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT KSPL will develop a green belt within the plant up to 33% of the in plant area. In addition KSPL will develop additional green belt all round the factory, about 10 m wide, in order to ensure sound effects and air emissions are absorbed within factory and are not transmitted to nearby residential places. About 1600 trees are planned for plantation. Plantation drive has already been initiated and about 300 trees have been planted

Plantation produces green canopy over land and is helpful in controlling land erosion, land stabilization, and provides windbreaks. It is also helpful in enriching local biodiversity.

KSPL will develop greeneries in the periphery of the factory and surrounding villages This plantation will be established within plant as well as outside plant boundary . The tree species used in a plantation is also an important factor. Various local specious has been selected for plantation to avoid disturbance in micro level ecological balance. Following table shows name of various tree species and their number which will be planted during plantation program.

KSPL expects to spend about Rs 25 lacs in establishing green belt as detailed above.

2. DRIP IRRIGATION : Drip irrigation is known as micro irrigation or localized irrigation. It is a method to save water, to increase the productivity and production per unit of land and water. This technique allows water to drip slowly to the roots of plant, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done through narrow tubes that deliver water directly to the base of the plant. Keeping in view to minimum use of water the Factory will encourage the farmer to adopt this drip irrigation system. KSPL will encourage optimum use of water resource. Education program will be run for farmers of surrounding villages. The factory shall provide demo plants in select areas for active demonstration.

KSPL expects to spend about Rs 30 lacs in establishing green belt as detailed above.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 10 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller

3. FERTILIZER SUBSIDY: Ash produced by burning of bagasse and spent wash is very well known fertilizer. It has several micronutrients. By mixing with other additives like biomass, press mud, soil a proper additive is made which can be used in the agricultural field for crop production.

KSPL has planned to distribute ash as farm manure to the farmer. For this purpose factory will install a wet conveying system to collect bottom ash from boiler and the bag filter in a separate silo. The company will develop soil nutrient mixture which if dozed in specific amounts will replenish basic elements of soil and increase productivity.

The factory expects an expenditure of about Rs 15 lacs for above activity.

4. RAIN WATER HARVESTING Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer. It is among the one of the method to reduced water bill effectively. This project covers the roof of administrative building Distillery and co-generation building, paved areas as well as unpaved areas. The rain water shall collect through storm water drain lines and will be stored either in pond or dug well. This stored water is excellent source of water for landscape irrigation, with no chemicals such as fluoride and chlorine, and any dissolved salts and minerals from the soil. This stored water will use for greeneries and seed nurseries in factory premises.

The factory expects an expenditure of about Rs 15 lacs for above activity.

II. EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

1. SCHOOL BUILDING: School building is the Basic requirement for awareness the importance of enhancement of education. KLPL will ensure proper sanitation is available for school children

KSPL will help to improve the basic infrastructure and dilapidated school building of surrounding villages. In village KSPL will provide the furniture to them KSPL also plans to distribute computers to the schools.

2. LIBRARY: The library will be build to organized and collect the sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to local community. KSPL will build up one room of 20’X .The daily Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 11 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller news papers such as Lokmat, sakal, Zunjarneta, Times of India, and agro one are available in the library. The books on Agriculture developments, Novels and National personalities will be available in the library.

3. COMMUNICATION INTERNET CENTER: The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve several billion users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. KSPL is appreciated the importance the Internet. A communication internet center will be build by KSPL along with the library

4. SELF HELP GROUP: Self help group played an important to overall well being of micro-level economics. A group of local people can produced economically important homemade product to earn their own bread and butter. Those local groups sometime face problem relating to initial capital and find out potential market.

The KSPL encourage and provided the funds to the Mohila Bachat Guts formed in the nearby village The product of Mohila bachat Guts purchased by factory and supplied to workers of factory.

5. SCHOLERSHIP FOR HIGHER EDUCATION: A scholarship is an award of financial aid for a student to further his or her education.

The ksplfactory aims to give the scholarship to the students these who are coming in Merit. Minimum 10 students are selected per year and provided the facility.

A scholarship is an award of financial aid for a student to further his or her education. Scholarships are awarded based upon various criteria, which usually reflect the values and purposes of the donor or founder of the award. Scholarship money is not required to be repaid

The mamangement expects to spend about Rs 25 lacs for completing above social benefits

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 12 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-6 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distiller

III. SOCIAL WELFARE

1. COMMUNITY HALL: Surrounding villagers are faces problem while they are arrange of marriage ceremony of their own family member. KSPL has felt their problem and planned to build up one Marriage hall where the people of surrounding area could arrange the marriage ceremony. The minimum capacity of the hall will be 1000 people. KSPL believe it will give benefit to the local people.

2. HEALTH CHECK UP CAMPS: To improve the health of the surrounding village’s people, KSPL will arrange heath check-up camp twice in a year. This camp will be organized in the premises of the factory. Specialist doctor from various fields along with general physician will be invited in the health check-up camp. People are lived surrounding village can attain this camp and examine their heath at free of cost. Factory will be taking all the responsibilities regarding payment of Doctors’ fees.

3. BLOOD DONATION CAMPS: Blood donation camp has a huge social importance. Nothing is comparable to the preciousness of human blood. In spite of the rapid and remarkable conquests of medical science today, At the same time during health check up blood camp will be arrange. KSPL encourage the public to donate the blood, bank helps to the needed patients at critical time.

4. AMBULANCE: A transportation of sick or injured people to, from or between places of treatment for an illness or injury and in some instances will also provide out of hospital medical care to the patient. The KSPL purchase one Ambulance in the services of people from the area of operation. The ambulance is being provided free of cost to the needed persons.

Management expects a budget of Rs 40 lacs in order to extend above social benefits.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 13 Herwad Taluka Shirol, Dist Kolahapur

CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM

7.1 MONITORING SYSTEM

7.1.1 FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL (EMC) Monitoring of pollution parameters and analysis of results are the tools to verify the anticipated pollution and effectiveness of measures of mitigation planned for environmental protection. It is possible to estimate measures are performing efficiently or not on a particular day but throughout the year. To achieve this objective an environmental management cell consisting of senior officials will be constituted. EMC will perform following functions:

 Monthly review of environmental problems and monitoring of installation / performance / maintenance of pollution control measures.

 Enforcement of latest acts, rules and regulations under relevant Environmental protection Acts.

 Preparation of budgetary estimates to seek sanctions for new pollution control measures if required and / or for up-gradation of existing one based on new technologies.

 Emergency planning.

EMC shall meet at least once in a month and take stock of progress of work relating to decisions taken and targets set in the previous meeting.

7.1.2 FORMATION OF TASK FORCE

A task force comprising KSPL staff of various grades shall be constituted. The task force will ensure following tasks:

 Monitoring activities within core and buffer zone of KSPL.

 Monitoring of efficiency of pollution control schemes.

 Preparation of maintenances schedule of pollution control equipment and effluent treatment plants and strict adherence to the same. Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-7 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

 Implementation of shut down jobs, cleaning & testing of settling tanks, vessel jackets, heat exchangers, cooling towers, drainage system, HT supply to Grid etc.

 Green –belt development and its proper implementation

 Water and energy conservation

 Good housekeeping

 Appraising & updating EMC on regular basis.

7.1.3 MONITORING PROGRAM (TOR POINT. 26) Monitoring schedule given by CPCB / MPCB will be strictly followed to ensure the full proof system of environmental protection activities.

In general, the monitoring schedule shall be as follows:

AMBIENT AIR

 Monitoring of ambient air quality within 10 km radius of KSPL at 5 stations, once in six months or as directed by compliance monitoring agency.

 Pollutants monitored shall be for Suspended Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen. Monitoring shall be carried out generally once in three months or as may be deemed necessary

 Air monitoring will be outsourced to approved agency.

WATER SURFACE WATER SOURCES Sampling of Panchganga river water located within 10 km radius of KSPL shall be carried out once in 6 months. Three grab samples shall be collected at the rate of one sample each on 3 different days.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 2 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-7 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

GROUND WATER SOURCES Sampling of ground water from hand pump area, open-wells and bore wills located within 5 km buffer zone of KSPL, especially downstream, shall be carried out once in 3 months.

Analysis of samples collected from effluent, surface and ground water sources shall be carried out for parameters stated in the consent issued by Maharashtra State Pollution Control Board.

SOIL TESTING Soil samples from various farms /agriculture fields in the down contour side area shall be collected. Soil testing will be carried out once in six months or as required. Soil pollution is not expected as spent wash is not to be stored or bio-composted instead it will be burnt in incineration boiler. This job will also be outsourced.

NOISE Hourly noise levels shall be monitored near all the noise making equipment for a period of 8 hours. Hourly noise level shall also be monitored for 8 hours in situated near boundary of KSPL site. Monitoring may be done along with air monitoring or separately if required.

7.1.4 LABORATORY FACILITIES AND MONITORING PLAN

1. MONITORING FACILITY

It is proposed to get the monitoring work done from the laboratory of MPCB initially. In due course of time KSPL may acquire-monitoring equipments namely High Volume Samplers, Stack Monitoring Kit, Automatic recording Weather Monitoring Station, Noise Monitoring Equipments etc. to carry out environmental monitoring work. However KSPL will prefer an outside agency to carryout air monitoring.

2. MONITORING PLAN

A comprehensive monitoring program is suggested. Environmental attributes will be monitored as described below:

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 3 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-7 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

AIR POLLUTION AND METEOROLOGY ASPECTS Both ambient air quality and stack emissions shall be monitored. The ambient air quality shall be monitored to ensure compliance of Central Pollution Control Board / MPCB guidelines.

WATER AND WASTE WATER QUALITY

All the effluent streams from the plant shall be monitored for their physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metals. In addition ground water samples surrounding the waste storage area will be monitored so as to check for any seepage and take preventive action.

NOISE LEVELS

Noise levels in the work zone environment shall be monitored. The frequency should be once in three months in the work zone.

II. LABORATORY FACILITY

A full fledge laboratory will be provided with man power and facilities for self monitoring of pollutants generated in the complex and also it effects on the receiving soil, water body and atmosphere.

The laboratory will be equipped with instruments and chemicals required for monitoring following pollution parameters.

A. FOR WATER pH, Temperature, TS, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD. CI, SO4, PO4 N, Na, K, D.O. etc

B. FOR GASES

Velocity, temperature, SPM, SO2, NOx, CO and CO2 from the stack. SPM, SO2, NOx, RSPM, TSPM from Ambient air. An outsourced agency may be assigned for such jobs.

C. METEOROLOGY

Wind speed and direction temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.

An outsourced agency may be assigned for such jobs.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 4 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-7 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

III RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED

Following records will be maintained by the environmental department in respect of operation of pollution control facilities

 Log sheet to record spent wash generation, concentration and amount burnt in boiler.

 Log sheet for to record daily plant Operation.

 Instruction manual for standard operation and maintenance of spent wash treatment, multiple effect evaporator, dried spent wash burnt in boiler etc.

 Instruction manual for monitoring of water, solid and gaseous parameter discharged from the factory and also for various parameters of pollution control facilities.

 Statutory records as per the Environmental Acts.

 Yearly Environment statement.

IV SAMPLING SCHEDULES AND LOCATIONS (Post project environmental monitoring)

Post project monitoring schedule for various environmental parameters is given in Table

Particulars Location Frequency Ambient Air Quality 2 samples down wind direction at 24 hr sample half 500m and 1000m yearly 1 sample at up wind direction at 500m Flue gas from Chimney Sampling port of chimney Six Monthly for flow rate SPM,

RSPM, SO2, NOX Ground Water 1 Km from distillery Half Yearly 2 location on downward drainage pattern 1 on upward drainage

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 5 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-7 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

River water 1 sample each down and upstream Quarterly Soil In 10 km radius representative Pre and post samples Monsoon Waste Water (lean At site after treatment for use in Daily effluent) gardening Spent wash Inlet to bio digestor Daily or as per generation

7.2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL Environment Management Cell will be established to look after the Effluent Treatment Facility and to monitor and control the environmental quality. This cell would comprise of following members: Environmental Engineer 1 Environmental Chemist 1 Laboratory Attendants 2 Safety Officer 3 Plant Operator 4 Supporting Staff 2 Members of the Environmental Cell would be well qualified and experienced in the concerned field. Some of the routine tests of wastewater such as pH, solids, temperature, etc. will be carried out in the laboratory of distillery. However, for special tests if required, of water, wastewater, soil, air etc. services of reputed laboratories as well as that of a consultant would be hired.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 6 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

CHAPTER 8 DISASTER CONTROL PLAN

8.0 DISASTER OR EMERGENCY CONTROL PLAN KSPL management has planned policy in environmental protection, ensuring safety and health of all employees as well as well being of the people in the surrounding areas. It is likely that any activity of the plant can create threat / danger / hazard due to storage of alcohol. Proposed captive power generation plant also can cause fire, electrocution and explosion hazards. Karan Sugar Pvt. Ltd. is already covered under Factories Act 1948 & Maharashtra Factories Rules 1963 with all amendments till today and all directives from Director Safety, Health & Environment [SHE] are binding on KSPL. KSPL management is bound to appoint a qualified Safety Officer. On site and off site disaster control plans, their perfect implementation will be part and parcel of the project & duty of safety officer. To lessen the probability of hazard to materialize & avoid the consequent damage, a disaster management and control plan has been worked out for whole complex.

8.1. TYPE OF DISASTER AT KSPL COMPLEX

Disaster can occur at site or off site i.e. disaster on campus or disaster in nearby area causing indirect damage to site area and the complex.

Disaster is classified into two categories such as, Natural and Manmade calamities:

 Natural calamities :- Flood, Storm / typhoon, Earthquake, Tsunami, Heavy mist, fog, hail storm, eruption of volcano, Land slide

 Man made calamities involve:- Fire & Explosion, All types of leakages & spillage, Electrocution, Accidents during excavation, construction activities, erection, or sabotage, rail & road accidents, mass agitation, looting, morcha, mass agitation, war etc.

The identified Dangerous areas in the complex are:-

1. Boiler area - Explosion Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-8 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

2. Oil tanks - Fire and spillage

3. Turbine section - Explosion

4. Electrical rooms - Fire and electrocution

5. Transformer area - Fire and electrocution

6. Cable - Fire and electrocution

7. Storage facilities – Fire / spillage for fuel and alcohol

Considering various probabilities the management & safety department will create safety awareness & preparedness in all employees and people in vicinity area in case of any emergency & a chalk out plan to overcome the disaster in time. This includes preparation of onsite and offsite disaster control plans, impart training to staff and employees, conducting regular mock drills at least 2 times in a calendar year, reports schemes to DISH & take their guidance for the perfect implementation.

8.2. LEVEL OF ACCIDENT If there is any disaster in any part of plant/work place due to any reason the level of accidents from damage point of view may vary. Accordingly accident prevention program will have to be initiated by safety department simultaneously. 8.3. CRITICAL TARGETS DURING EMERGENCY Level I Accidents Under this level disaster may happen due to electrocution, fire explosion, oil spillage and spontaneous ignition of combustible material. This level has probability of occurrence affecting persons inside the plant. Level II Accidents In second level cases of sabotage and compete failure of all automatic control/warning systems, and also if the start up fuel oil stored in tank and covered by tank bunds leaks out. However, probability of occurrence of Level II Accidents reduces due to the proposed adequate security training, and education level of plant personnel for the captive power plant.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 2 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-8 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

8.4. SITE EMERGENCY CONTROL ROOM (SECR) & SITE MAIN CONTROLLER In each segment of work from domestic level to war fighting team level approach always helps. If concerned man is aware of his duty at his place & need of the time he can complement to huge task of containing the damage of the disaster. To overcome the emergency in its occurrence it is the strategy to get prepared in advance, plan for the team effort, educate others and reduce all effects of disaster.

In case of any disaster main responsibility lies with the Chairman and Board of Directors, where they nominate one person as responsible who will be Chief incidence controller. In case of disaster key person like Chief engineer, Chief chemist, Distillery manager, Safety officer will be appointed as the site main incidence controller and will commence respective duties in that capacity to curtail the emergency & minimize the losses may be occurring.

People in all departments can render assistance in form of contacting external persons or agencies, district, state and central authorities, hospital & ambulance contact, police department for evacuation if needed for people in the vicinity with assistance of state transport buses. People from maintenance department are to rectify the fault in system as early as possible. Security persons have to assist in fire fighting & segregation of material to avoid losses. All situations should be visualized and plan safety operations involving all staff in factory to get any sort of external help / assistance in time to lessen all sorts of damage.

To ensure disaster is controlled effectively a site emergency control room (SECR) will be established at the plant site. The SECR shall keep following information and accessories ready and prominently displayed and start to act as detailed if the emergency occurs:

 List of telephone numbers of Chairman & Directors KSPL, Chief Engineer, Chief Chemist, Distillery Manager, Administration Manager.

 Telephone numbers of Sarpanch and members of Panchayat of Harwad village, members of city council of Shirol town, Collector, Kolhapur district, Shirol regional State road transport depot office, Kolhapur District & local fire brigade station, home guard, civil defense, N.C.C. unit, State crisis group, Shirol, crisis group.

 All material handling & incoming vehicle traffic to be stopped or diverted

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 3 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-8 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

 All out going lines to be used to contact above authorities.

 Captive power plant layout with details of inventories and locations of fuel storage areas

 Oil / furnace oil storage tanks, bagasse, rice husk, coal storage yard etc.

 Hazard identification chart, maximum number of people working at a time, assembly points etc

 List of village and their population in the vicinity of proposed plant

 Public address system like loud speaker, battery operated speaker, sirens,

 Whistles, batteries, signaling flags etc.

 Rechargeable and battery operated torch lights and invertors.

 Tie up with nearest hospital for medical assistance and facility for stretchers, chairs etc.

 List of registered medical practitioners in vicinity.

 Study map showing various villages and towns in the vicinity of plant.

 Muster Roll of all present employees.

 Note pads and ball pens to record message received and instructions to be passed to concerned persons

 The blow up copy of Layout plan showing areas where accident could occur.

 Accident mock drill for at least 2 times in a calendar year is to be a part of

 Routine exercise. The report before such drill has to be submitted to DISH for information and approval.

8.5. DISASTER PREVENTIVE MEASURES

The proposed plant will have following preventive measures to avoid occurrence of disasters:

I. Specification & marking of safe area to gather in emergency.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 4 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-8 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

II. Design, manufacture and construction of plant, machineries and buildings will be as per national and international codes as applicable in specific cases and laid down by statutory authorities.

III. Provision of adequate access ways for movement of equipment and personnel.

IV. Minimum two numbers of gates to escape during disaster shall be provided.

V. Fuel oil storage shall be in protected and fenced. The tank will be housed in a dyke wall. As per regulations of Chief Controller of Explosives, it’s testing & certification will be performed each 5 years regularly.

VI. Proper color coding for all process water, air & steam lines will be done.

VII. Proper insulation for all steam & condensate, hot water lines will be done.

VIII. Provision of circuit brakers, isolation switches, signals will be provided as per electricity act & rules.

IX. Proper & rigid bonding and earthing to all equipment will be arranged.

X. Meger value of earthing connections will be checked each 6 months and the same record will be available.

XI. System of fire hydrants comprising, of electrical motor driven fire pumps is planned. The fire hydrant system will have electrical motor and a generator driven jockey pump to keep the fire hydrant system properly pressurized.

XII. Automatic water sprinkling system is planned for all transformers.

8.6. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM AS PER (TAC) NORMS: (TOR POINT.23) The fire detection and protection system has been planned to meet the above objective according to Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) of India. The complete fire protection system will comprise of the following

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 5 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-8 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

(a) Sprinkler system

Automatic with manual switchover sprinkler system will be installed for fire detection & alarm system followed by initiation of water spays in area with likelihood of fire hazards.

(b) Fire Hydrant

Fire hydrants are provided at all around in the plant at specific distance as per TAC Norms. The system shall be complete with electrical fire pump, diesel engine driven pump, jokey pump, control panel capable of starting system from safety alarms, A pressurized hydrant pipe will run through the areas of storage and manufacturing system to ensure immediate water supply is available in case of any emergency.

A dedicated fire water tank of 20,000 liter capacity will be available for fire protection.

(c) Portable fire extinguishers

Various areas of the plant have one or more of the above system depending upon the particular nature of risk involved in that area.

(d) Portable Chemical Fire Extinguishers

These are intended as a first line of defense, and hence are stationed at strategic locations in different buildings and also for outdoor facilities. Portable fire extinguishers are foam type; carbon dioxide type and multipurpose dry chemical (MPDC) type.

(e) Fire Detection and Alarm System

 This system comprises fire alarm panels, automatic fire detectors, manual call points and fire siren (hooter).

 The main fire alarm panel provides both visual and audible alarm of fire in any protected areas of the plant.

 Manual break glass type fire alarms are provided at strategic locations where high hazards exits.

 Automatic fire detectors are provided for coal handling areas and in plant areas such as control rooms, switchgear rooms, cable galleries etc.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 6 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-8 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

(f) Foam type fire extinguishers will be installed in alcohol storage area. These will help in discharging foam and preventing oxygen supply to material catching fire.

FIRST AID

A first aid centre with adequate facilities is provided. An Ambulance is provided at site to carry affected people to hospital.

SECURITY

The security requirements of the company premises are taken care by CSO assisted by a Fire In charge.

SAFETY

The required safety appliances are distributed at different locations of the plant to meet any eventualities.

EVACUATION PROCEDURE

As the major hazard is due to fire, which has more or less localized impact no mass evacuation, procedures are required. Evacuation would involve only of the people working very close to the fire area.

EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTER

 Provision is made to establish an Emergency Control Centre (ECC) from which emergency operations are directed and coordinated.

 The ECC consists of one room, located in an area that offers minimal risk being directly exposed to possible accidents.

 The ECC is always ready for operation and provided with the equipment and supplies necessary during the emergency such as:

 Updated copies of the On–site Disaster Management Plan.  Emergency telephone numbers.  The names, phone number, and address of external agencies, response  Organizations and neighboring facilities.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 7 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-8 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

 The adequate number of telephone (more than two).  Emergency lights.  List of fire extinguishers with their type no. and location, capacity, etc.  Personal protective equipment.  Safety helmets – List of quantity & location.  Clock.  Status boards/message board.  Material safety data sheets for chemicals handled at the facility.

Fire is one of the main causes to initiate an emergency situation. It always pays in time if due attention is given to all materials and combustibles present on site and their quantities in time. It can occur any time and hence one aught to be vigilant and cautious nature of management and all staff always helps to lessen the cases of fire accidents.

To meet any sort of challenges in case of fires, BIS 2190 provides Indian standards for firefighting equipment. All firefighting equipment and extinguishers have to be planned according to this standard as explained in the table below.

There are 4 classes of fire extinguishers:

Class Materials Extinguisher

A Cotton, Cloth, paper, wood Water type

B Oils, Hydrocarbons, Alcohol, Greases CO2 type

C Gases, CNG, LPG, Acetylene, Foam type

D Electrical & metals Foam

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 8 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-8 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

RECOMMENDATION

The fire tender, which will be part of project with following minimum fire fighting arrangements, shall be procured:

 Water tank - 5000 liters

 CO2 - 2700 liters

 Foam tank - 45 liters

 CO2 type fire extinguishers - 6 nos. of 4.5 kg each

8.7. LOCATION TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

 Turbo-generator area CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder.

 Cable galleries CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder

 High voltage panel CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder.

 Control rooms CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder.

 MCC rooms CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder.

 Pump houses CO2 Type, Foam type dry chemical powder.

 Fuel tank Area CO2 type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder Sand Basket.

 Offices & Godowns Foam or Dry chemical powder Type.

 Crushers house CO2 Type, Foam Type dry chemical powder.

 Alcohol storage tank area, foam type dry chemical powder and sand basket.

8.8. ALARM SYSTEM TO BE FOLLOWED DURING DISASTER

On the receiving of message of ‘Disaster from Site Main Controller, fire station control room attendant will crash Siren ‘WAVING TYPE’ for 5 minutes. Incident controller will arrange to broad cast disaster message through public address system.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 9 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-8 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

On receiving the message of “Emergency Over” from incident Controller the fire station control room attendant will give “All Clear Signal” by sounding alarm straight for two minutes. The features of alarm system will be explained to one and all to avoid panic or misunderstanding during disaster.

It is necessary to take one trial for perfect functioning of the siren at least once in one week with prior intimation to Kolhapur District Collector.

8.9 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN HANDLING AND STORAGE OF ALCOHOL: (TOR POINT.22) Storage in tightly closed containers in cool, dark, well-ventilated area. Protect containers from physical damage. Keep heat, fire and flame away. Outside building or underground storage is recommended.

8.10 RISK ASSESSMENT: ENVIRONMENT 8.10.1 GENERAL ASSESSMENT: The environment is at risk of exposure during transportation, storage, disposal, or destruction of ethyl alcohol. In almost every scenario, the threat of environmental exposure is contingent upon the proper handling of the chemical substance. Accidental spills, large or small, can result in fire, explosion, and possible contamination of the surrounding environmental mediums (water, soil, and air).

8.10.2 RECOMMENDED RISK-REDUCTION MEASURES:

Proper training of all transporters will reduce the likelihood of an accident resulting in a leak or spill to the environment. The correct use of DOT labeling (per the MSDS) on all containers, trucks, and rail cars will enable emergency responders to react properly and quickly to any disaster thereby reducing the potential risk to the environment and to personnel.

Storage of ethyl alcohol shall be segregated from incompatible chemicals to minimize the risk of cross contamination or contact. Buildings designated for storage shall be equipped with appropriate fire protection systems (alarms, sprinklers, emergency lighting, and portable extinguishers). Equipment shall be designed to meet explosion-proof standards.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 10 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-8 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

If a spill or leak to the environment has occurred, fire department, emergency response, and/or hazardous materials spill person should be notified immediately. Cleanup should be attempted only by those trained in proper spill containment procedures. Contaminated soils should be removed for incineration and replaced with clean soil. If ethyl alcohol should contact the water table, aquifer, or navigable waterway, time is: of the essence. It is highly soluble in water and, therefore, total containment and remediation may not be entirely possible. When such spills occur, the local and/or state emergency response authorities must be notified. A comprehensive emergency response of disaster awareness/recovery plan should be in place prior to any operations involving the use, transportation, storage, or disposal of ethyl alcohol. If ethyl alcohol is spilled or leaked, the following specific steps are recommended:

 Restrict persons not wearing protective clothing from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete and area can be opened for normal work.

 Ventilate area and remove ignition sources.

 Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Use non-sparking tools.

 It may be necessary to dispose of ethyl alcohol as a hazardous waste. The responsible state agency or the regional office of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should be contacted for specific recommendations.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 11 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

CHAPTER 9 PROJECT BENEFITS

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd manufacturing unit situated at Village – Harwad Taluka - Shirol, of Kolhapur district in Western Maharashtra, propose to install a new molasses based distillery of 100 KLPD capacity. The company has procured land belonging to Shetmal Sahakari Prakriya Sansthann Ltd who had 30 KLPD cane juice based distillery. The distillery was non operational due to continual losses. KSPL decided to scrap the existing cane juice based distillery and install new 100% molasses based distillery of 100 KLPD capacity.

The pros and cons of the proposal are discussed below:

 Cane juice based manufacturing involves crushing of sugarcane followed by processing of cane juice, fermentation to produce alcohol. It required crushing of cane upto 12000 MT/month. It created unhealthy competition in cane procurement because of presence of large capacity sugar mills in an area of 30 km with Karan Sugars site as center.

 As the prices as well as availability of sugarcane fluctuated, profitability of company was affected in a negative manner. Cascading effect of low profit and / or non receipt of timely payment reflected in form of overall financial crunch down the line extending up to the farmers involved in producing and supplying cane.

 Competition in getting sugar cane is a threat to survival of existing unit there is an opportunity in form of availability of molasses as many of sugar mill do not have own distillery. A list of sugar factories in the vicinity of project, their crushing capacity, amount of cane crushed and status vis a vis having own distillery or not -is as below:

Name of factory Distance Capacity Last year Distillery TCD Crushing Capacity MTA KLPD Shree Datta Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana 18 km 7000 91800 60 Ltd Sirod, dist- kolhapur Shree Gurudutta Sucrose Ltd 8 km 2500 670000 Nil Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-9 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Takrewadi Sirod dist- Kolhapur Shree Jawahar Shetkari Sahakari 23 km 9000 1428000 Nil Sakhar Karkhana Ltd Hupari tal- Hatkanangale dist- Kolhapur Shri sharad sahakari sakhar karkhana 45 km 2500 589000 Nil Ltd Narande Tal- tal- Hatkanangale dist- Kolhapur Shree Panchganga Sahakari Sakhar 23 km 5000 740000 Nil Karkhana Ltd Ganganagar Ichalkaranji tal- Hatkanangale dist- Kolhapur Shri Chhatrapati Rajaram Sahakari 49 km 2200 410000 Nil Sakhar Karkhana Ltd, kasba bawda, Dist Kolhapur Shree Chattrapati Shahu SSKL Kagal 36 km 3500 731000 45 Tal-Kagal Dist- Kolhapur Vasantdada SSKL Madhavnagar 34 Km 5000 530000 Nil Sangali tal Miraj Dist - Sangli Shree Guppy Sugar Works Ltd, 30 Km 5000 46600 Nil Kagwad, Tal – chikkodi Dist – Belgaon Karnataka Shree Shiv Shakti sugar ltd yadrav 41 Km 2500 390000 Nil ankali tal- chikodi dist Belgaum Karnataka Dudhganga- Krushna SSKL Nanandi, 32 Km 60000 836000 Nil tal-Chikkodi dist Belgaum Karnataka Venkateshwara power project bedkihal 18 Km 3500 707000 Nil tal-Chikodi dist- Belgaum Karnataka Ugar Sugar ltd, Ugar khurd Tal- 48 Km 10,000 1156000 30 KLPD

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 2 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-9 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Chikodi dist- Belgaum karnataka OLD 45 KLPD NEW

 It is obvious several tons of bagasse and molasses is available in excess and needs suitable treatment for profit generation. KSPL decision will help farmers of region as well as sugar mills who do not have their own distillery and have problem of molasses disposal.

 Implementation of proposal will change the situation for better. Sugar cane farmers will be free to supply sugar cane to sugar factories and can have long term purchase agreements. Sugar factories need not search market for the molasses generated due to their operations. Sugar factories will have ready market, price realization not only for molasses but also for bagasse, both being byproducts of sugar industry will generate additional revenues. The additional benefits will obviously percolate and provide long term benefits to farmers not only in Shirol taluka but in Kolhapur district as whole.

 This will raise funds to pay good price to farmers. This industry will provide revenue to State and Central Government. Overall prosperity of region will go up.

 It will be a nucleus for forecasted accelerated growth in the region near Harwad village. As cash money will be available to the farmers’ cooperative supplementary units to farms like poultry, cattle growing and milk products and other food items, silkworm growing and silk weaving, Edible seeds crushing to yield oils, handmade paper units can be initiated.

 Both direct and indirect employment opportunities will be generated. About 70 persons will be in direct employment. May others will find self employment as transporters, mechanics, traders, small time merchants, tax consultants, hotel owners, printing and stationary suppliers etc.

 The project will not need power from MSEB which is already facing problems in meeting power demands of consumers in Maharashtra. Earlier as process was cane juice based bagasse was available as by product. Company needed only 750 KW/hr power and were generating by using steam required for process though a turbo generator first then used in

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 3 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-9 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

process. Required steam was produced in a bagasse fired boiler of 14 TPH capacity. Now factory will need 2200 KW/hr power. The existing boiler will be kept as stand by and a new incineration boiler will be provided which will not only generate steam for power generation and plant use but also destroy spent wash generated to implement zero discharge.

 Hence present proposal will ensure self sufficiency in electrical power requirement. There will be no load on state grid for power supply.

 There will be remarkable reduction in the waste from the complex. The proposal is unique as it not only promises total destruction of spent wash but plans to generate energy from it and save water. Spent wash will be concentrated in multiple effect evaporator combination. Water will be recovered and reused to reduce fresh water consumption. Spent wash will be concentrated and then burnt in boiler and generate steam required for power generation and in process.

 Thus in one master stroke KSPL will eliminate problem of disposal of most hazardous distillery waste ”Spent wash” and its associated problems of soil pollution, ground water contamination, surface water pollution, malicious odor generation etc and at same time avoid storing of spent wash,

 KSPL plans to produce alcohol and its variety like anhydrous ethanol, rectified spirit absolute alcohol

 These find extensive use in the industry as ethanol is starting raw material for many pharmaceutical industries, dyes and intermediate industries, paint, bulk drug industries etc.

 Government has policy to promote 5% mixing of extra neutral alcohol in petrol. Implementation of such policy opens up huge market for alcohol. As manufacture of alcohol is agro based it can be done indigenously saving considerable foreign exchange at same time providing employment to several unskilled workers.

 Present Government wills is considering 10% mixing of ethanol in petrol which will increase market potential multifold and lead to shortage of ethanol. The new government is indicating to implement proposal of mixing ethanol in petrol to the extent of 10% and this will create huge demand for ethanol.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 4 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-9 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

 Hence the proposed project will assume important part in national goal of self reliance, saving in foreign exchange and economic development by renewable resources. At the national and the state levels the benefits include decentralized power generation, reduction in waste treatment & disposal loss, reduced emissions, reduction in the imports of petroleum products, increased tax revenues and reduction in the transportation cost. The project will have excellent multiplier effect and will become truly a win-win situation for all the stakeholders and for local people.

 With so many advantages and latest techniques of waste reduction, water conservation, generation of energy by burning of waste, total destruction of spent wash, the project merits environmental clearance.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 5 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur

CHAPTER 10 CONSULTANT

Mantras Resources was a registered partnership organization established in 2005, it is ISO 9001:2008 certified organization providing complete range of consultancy services for Engineering & Environmental project services since 2007.

The constitution of the company has changed. Now it is a public limited company and the name is changed to Mantras Green Resources Ltd. from 9th May 2013

Mantras Green Resources Ltd. is a well-knit family of highly qualified personnel dedicated to provide excellent service to the industry. Well defined working philosophy, is the backbone of Mantras’ growth.

10.1 Working philosophy:

 Services Identification of industrial pollution problems in air, water and solid disposal, the environmental concerns and providing precise solutions, forms the core of our activities.

 Quality Results oriented services intended to suit customer requirement. Getting clear documents that require no corrections and impose minimum conditions to be on right side of law.

 Integrity Not letting down customer in the hour of crisis, clarifications and repeated explanations called upon authorities. Provide answers with patience.

 Customer satisfaction Strive consciously to exceed customer expectations.

 Self Reliance Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-10 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Practice self reliance in all the aspects of management skills, technical competence, application of sophisticated tools in project execution and report presentation, to provide one stop solution

10.2 Firm's experience:

Since inception, MGRL have successfully completed several diverse projects for different type of industries and are regarded as a leading environmental management firm. Mantras have served as consultants to industries, institutions and government for projects executed in India. Mantras have acquired firsthand experience for the environmental problems of diverse industrial units such as Distilleries, Sugar industry, Building & Construction projects, Thermal Power Plants, Pesticide Industry, Synthetic Organic Chemical Industry, Metallurgical industries, Townships and Area development projects etc, for Government, Private and Co-operative organizations. An important aspect of Mantras capabilities is the multi-disciplinary expertise and approach. Mantras employ about fifty qualified technical personnel from various disciplines and offers services that integrate different dimensions of environmental engineering & technology.

Capabilities and services provided by Mantras Resources include;

Environmental Management

 Preparing Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)reports  Obtaining compliance certification to EC, preparing EC compliance and six monthly compliance.  Selecting, Designing and executing Pollution Control Systems.  Obtaining Consent from State Pollution Control Board  Obtaining compliance to consent conditions  Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)  Groundwater and Surface Water Investigations  Soil Analysis & Testing  Solid waste management (Industry and construction projects)  Operation and maintenance of Effluent Treatment Systems (Industry)  Green Building certification  Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 2 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-10 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

 Rain Water Harvesting  Conducting Energy Audit  Conducting Environmental Audit  Preparing Environmental Statement reports  Obtaining Renewable Energy Certificate

A detailed customer list is attached for ready reference.

Infrastructure:

Over the years MGRL has acquired an operational infrastructure which provides a strong base to the services rendered by the organization Outline of the infrastructure which is specifically developed to meet services oriented work is summarized below:

10.4 Technical expertise:

MGRL considers their employees as human resources as they are obviously at the heart of any successful organization. The organization has result-oriented, experienced people with adequate qualification. MGRL employs and has associated technical people to suit services provided, apart from the administration, accounts and other support staff.

10.5 Office:

MGRL have a comfortable, centrally located office in Nashik. The office is equipped with all modern amenities and gadgets to complete any design, drafting, and publishing work in-house. In addition the state-of-art communication system facilitates immediate contact, interactions and data communication either from field to office or with any client around the globe.

10.6 Laboratory:

Laboratory services are outsourced for monitoring ambient air quality, meteorology data, noise, water quality (surface and ground water) and soil quality.

The EIA coordinator visits the Laboratory for verifying the facilities. The exercise is conducted once in a year. Evaluation is carried out to assess the capabilities of the laboratory. Also

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 3 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-10 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery inspections and audits are conducted at suppliers end to have better control on the processes. The data collected during the process is analyzed and improvements are carried out on the same. Records of the evaluation are maintained by EIA coordinator.

The evaluation is supported by the storage facilities for samples available at the laboratory for carrying out the above-mentioned monitoring including the competence of the employees. Work contract is prepared with the laboratory for carrying out the above monitoring. During collection of samples, our FAE accompanies the laboratory Field Operation Team.

After examination, analysis reports containing reports on monitoring ambient air quality, meteorology data, noise, water quality (surface and ground water) and soil quality are obtained from the Laboratory.

Control exercised on the laboratories is as below:

 MoEF approval is obtained from Laboratory in the form of Certificate and validity of the certificate.  Calibration record of the equipments/instruments is obtained yearly.  List of laboratory’s staffs with qualification, experience is obtained.  Sample storage facilities and duration of storing the samples.

10.7 Computer Center

MGRL computer center attached with various gadgets cans rapidly process and store data. Computer is equipped with latest and custom-built software for designing and detailing equipments, Process flow diagrams. Layout drawings etc. Word processors and printing devices ensure quality production of any document or report.

Internet facility is provided to all of employees in order to let them upgrade their knowledge and self search answer to their queries.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 4 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-10 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

10.8 Reference Library

MGRL maintains a library consisting of reference books, journals, papers, articles, publishers, reports and other such comprehensive study material. Continuous up-gradation of knowledge in the chosen area of business is a regular activity and every employee is trained and encouraged to do so. Latest edition of Handbooks on environmental, chemical, civil, mechanical, electrical engineering have been made available. Additional reference books on legal, management, communication and computers are also available here. Copies of environment protection act, notifications issued by MoEF are carefully preserved and referred. In addition books on specialized knowledge of functional areas as specified by QCI / NABET for example Air pollution, water pollution, land use, ecology and biodiversity, solid waste management etc are provided. 10.9 List of the Experts: Complete list of experts (ECs and FAEs & AFAEs) In- house experts

Sr. Name of the expert Approved Sectors Approved Functional No. Areas

1. K. N. Sharma 4,8,21,22,38 AP,WP,RH,SHW (Industrial and Hazardous waste ) 2. Mrs. Julee Kamble Nil WP 3. Mrs. Chandrani Bhattacharjee Nil SE 4. Ms. Meena Charbhe Nil MSW 5. Ms. Dhanashree Powar Nil WP,AP 6. Ms. Manjusha Patil Nil SHW

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 5 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-10 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Empanelled experts-

Sr. No. Name of the experts Approved Sectors Approved Functional Areas

1. Dr. S. S. Patil 25 EB

2. Partho Mukherjee Nil AQ,AP,N

3. Dr. A.N. Dongre Nil HG, GEO

4. Mr. S. L. Bonde Nil RH

5. Ms Chandrani Bhattacharjee Nil SE

6. Mr. Manoj Kumar Nil SC

7. G.V.A. Ramakrishna Nil LU

10.10 List of our Valuable Customers till date:-

Sr. Name of the customer Project Status Date No Lokmangal Mauli New project of environmental 1. Industries Ltd. clearance for sugar mill of 6000 TCD EC granted 25/02/2014 Osmanabad and cogeneration of 30 MW. Lokmangal Sugar Expansion project of sugar mill from Final MoEF Ethanol and cogeneration 2500 TCD to 6000 TCD and 2. presentation 22.02.2014 Industries Ltd. cogeneration unit from 15 MW to 31.5 completed Solapur MW. Lokmangal Agro Expansion from 80 KLPD to 160 3. Industries Ltd. EC awaited 22/09/2014 KLPD molasses based distillery Solapur.

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 6 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-10 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

New project of environmental KGS Sugar and Infra clearance for grain based 50 KLPD 4. Corporation Ltd. Applied for EC 06.12.2013 distillery unit with 1.5 cogeneration Nashik. unit. M/S S.V. Distilleries (P) Expansion to 100 KLPD molasses 5. Ltd. based distillery unit and 4.5 MW Applied for EC 21.02.2014 Malchapur, Bidar. captive cogeneration power plant Environmental Clearance Jogeshwari Breweries Project cleared 6. New 25 KLPD grain based distillery 06/03/2014 Pvt. Ltd by SEAC unit Environmental Clearance Majalgaon Sahakari New 22 MW cogen with sugar plant 7. EC granted 19/12/2013 sakhar Karkhana Ltd. modernization cum expansion 3500 TCD to 5000TCD Compliance to 8. Zenith realty Construction Project at Satpur, Nasik SEAC being 25/03/2013 done. Project cleared Environmental Clearance 9. Ruchi Soya Industries by SEIAA for 26/08/2014 Coal based 4.42 MW Power Plant EC Tantia Agrochemicals Environmental Clearance Public hearing 10. 23-07-2014 Pvt. Ltd. New 90 KLPD distillery completed Environmental Clearance Final EC 11. Kukadi SSK Ltd. 29/09/2014 New 30 KLPD distillery presentation Rajsthan State Expansion, modernization and Ganganagar Sugar Mills relocation of 1500 TCD sugar mill, 12. Ltd. Sri Ganganagar EC received 11/01/2013 4.9 MW cogen plant and Government of Rajasthan 30 KLPD multifeed distillery Enterprise

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 7 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-10 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Environmental Clearance Bhagylaxmi Rolling 13. Expansion 350 to 750 MTD of steel ToR approved 24/8/2012 Mills Pvt.Ltd. plant Environmental Clearance Kalika Steel & Alloys 14. Expansion 300 to 800MTD of steel ToR approved 24/08/2012 Pvt. Ltd. plant Exemption for Kadwa Goda Khore Environmental Clearance 4000 TCD EC received 15. Sugar Manufacturing and 14 MW cogen. 04/04/2012 from karkhana Ltd. SEAC(MAH) Karan Distillery Pvt. Ltd, Environmental Clearance 16. EC granted 14-06-2011 Bhandara expansion 22 KLPD to 29 KLPD Kishanganj Jute Mills Environmental Clearance 17. 01-03-2011 Ltd. New 60 KLPD Grain Based Distillery. EC Granted Environmental Clearance 18. Tasgaonkar Industries New 3500 TCD Sugar unit and 06 Exemption 15-02-2011 MW Cogeneration power plants. received Environmental Clearance 19. Kukadi SSK Ltd. 31-01-2011 New 16 MW Power Plant EC Granted Aditya Petrochemicals Renewal 20. Consent to Operate 26-10-2010 Pvt. Ltd., Nasik. obtained Bhairavnath Sugar works Environmental Clearance 21. EC granted 05-10-2010 Ltd., New distillery 30 KLPD Good deal Industries Environmental Clearance 22. 27-10-2010 LLP. Ltd. New 60 KLPD Grain Based Distillery.TOR approved Chhattisgarh Distilleries Revamping of UASB Bio - Digester 23. Completed 26.06.2010 Pvt. Ltd. Into CSTR Technology Dharni Sugar & 24. Chemicals Ltd., Revamping of 750m3 Bio-digester Completed 01-04-2010 Tamilnadu

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 8 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-10 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Adlers Bio-Energy Pvt. Environmental Clearance 25. EC granted 17-02-2010 Ltd. New distillery 30 KLPD Saswad Mali Sugar Environmental Clearance 26. EC granted 13-04-2009 Factory Ltd. New distillery 30 KLPD Environmental Clearance Installation of Grain based Distillery Sona Sati Organics Pvt. 27. Unit (45 KLPD) in the existing ToR approved 26-08-2011 Ltd. Distillery Unit (Molasses based 45 KLPD)

Sr. Name of the customer Project Status Date No Environmental Clearance 28. Vitthal Sugar Mfg. Ltd., EC granted 04-02-2009 New distillery 30 KLPD Environmental Clearance 29. Rena SSK Pvt. Ltd. New 30 KLPD molasses based EC granted 04-02-2009 Distillery Excel Krishi Prakriya Environmental Clearance 30. EC granted 04-02-2009 Pvt. Ltd. New distillery 30 KLPD Padmashree Dr. Environmental Clearance 31. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil TOR approved 02-09-2008 New distillery 30 KLPD SSK Ltd. Aditya Bio-Energy Pvt. Environmental Clearance 32. TOR approved 02-09-2008 Ltd. New distillery 30 KLPD Aurangabad Distilleries Environmental Clearance 33. EC granted 19-08-2008 Pvt. Ltd. Expansion 30 KLPD to 90 KLPD Pioneer Industries 34. 50 KLPD Grain based distillery EC granted 31-01-2005 Limited

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 9 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur Environment Impact Assessment Chapter-10 New 100 KLPD Molasses based distillery

Mahalaxmi Mining Pvt. Environmental Clearance 35. In process -- Ltd., Kolhapur. Bauxite Mine Deswal Industries Pvt. Environmental Clearance 36. In Process -- Ltd. New 6 MW Cogen Project Project proposal, DPR and EC. For 6 Sewda Transenergy Pvt. 37. MW Cogen and 25 KLPD Grain In Process -- Ltd. Based Distillery Nasik Municipal Municipal solid waste conversion to 38. In process -- Corporation (NMC) energy

39. Deogaon farms LLP Consent to establish CTE granted 07-05-2012

40. Deogaon farms LLP Providing effluent treatment plant Completed

Karan Sugars Pvt Ltd 10 Herwad Taluka Shirol,Dist Kolahapur