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Archaeological Desk-Based Heritage Assessment and Trial Trench Evaluation on Land at the Old School Site, Polesworth, Warwickshire April 2016

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Archaeological Desk-Based Heritage Assessment and Trial Trench Evaluation on Land at the Old School Site, Polesworth, Warwickshire April 2016 Archaeological desk-based heritage assessment and trial trench evaluation on land at The Old School Site, Polesworth, Warwickshire April 2016 Report No. 16/102 Authors: Mary Ellen Crothers and Jonathan Elston Illustrators: Joanne Clawley Olly Dindol _________________________________________________________________________________ MOLA Northampton MOLA Project Manager: Mark Holmes Bolton House Site Code: POS16 Wootton Hall Park NGR: SK 26365 02535 Northampton NN4 8BN 01604 809800 www.mola.org.uk [email protected] Archaeological desk-based heritage assessment and trial trench evaluation on land at the Old School Site, Polesworth, Warwickshire April 2016 Report No. 16/102 Quality control and sign off: Issue Date Checked by: Verified by: Approved by: Reason for Issue: No. approved: 1 07/06/16 S Parry Draft for client review 2 18/10/16 M Holmes Final version Authors: Mary Ellen Crothers and Jonathan Elston Illustrators: Joanne Clawley and Olly Dindol MOLA Northampton 2016 MOLA Bolton House Wootton Hall Park Northampton NN4 8BN 01604 809 800 www.mola.org.uk [email protected] MOLA Northampton is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales with company registration number 8727508 and charity registration number 1155198. Registered office: Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London N1 7ED. THE OLD SCHOOL SITE, POLESWORTH STAFF Project Manager: Mark Holmes BA MA MCIfA Text: Desk Based Assesment: Mary Ellen Crothers BA MA Text: Fieldwork: Jonathan Elston Fieldwork: Jonathan Elston Esther Poulus MSc George Everest-Dine BA MA Illustrations: Joanne Clawley BA MSc Olly Dindol BSc Pottery: Paul Blinkhorn BTech MOLA Report 16/102 Page 3 THE OLD SCHOOL SITE, POLESWORTH OASIS REPORT FORM PROJECT DETAILS OASIS molanort1-261569 Archaeological desk based assessment and trial trench evaluation on land at Project title the Old School site, Polesworth, Warwickshire, April 2016 A desk-based assessment (DBA) was conducted in February 2016 and in April 2016 an archaeological trial trench evaluation was carried out by MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) on land at the Old School site, Polesworth, Warwickshire. The scope of works was commissioned by Hawkins and Harrison acting on behalf of the Trustees of the Sir Francis Nethersole Foundation. The site lies to the north of the site of Polesworth Abbey, a Scheduled Monument and within the Polesworth Conservation Area. A further Scheduled Monument, Polesworth Bridge, lies to the south- west. Sixteen Listed Buildings lie within a 1km radius of the site, five of which are Grade II*, including the Abbey Gatehouse to the west of the site and the Church of Editha to the south. There is very little evidence in the area which predates the establishment of the abbey and Saxon church. The site lies at the northern boundary of the former abbey precinct and within the historic medieval settlement of Polesworth which prospered during the post-medieval period through the construction of the Coventry Canal, the pottery industry and collieries. Recent community excavations during Dig the Abbey revealed the locations of timber structures and the pre-Conquest cemetery, chapter house, reredorter and frater. After the Dissolution, a manor house was built at the abbey which was later replaced by Polesworth vicarage. Open cast mining has taken place immediately to the east of the site within the former abbey precinct, which may have denuded earlier archaeological remains. Cartographic evidence suggests the site has been partially developed throughout the post-medieval period. Buildings illustrated on the 1850 tithe map may have origins in the medieval period and have since been demolished but the Infants School has survived. The fieldwork identified that along the northern boundary of the site were post-medieval building remains and occupation levels that are likely to extend across the frontage of High Street. The central and eastern areas had buildings associated with the old school with undated features in the south and western areas of the site. Project type Trial trench evaluation Previous work Desk-based assessment Current land use Carpark and grass area around building of old school Future work Unknown Monument type Lies within Abbey croft of Polesworth Abbey. Scheduled monument and period 1005735 Significant finds None PROJECT LOCATION County Warwickshire Site address The Old School Site, High Street, Polesworth Easting Northing SK 26365 02535 Area (sq m/ha) 0.6 ha Height aOD c 68m AOD PROJECT CREATORS Organisation MOLA Project Design MOLA originator Director/Supervisor Jonathan Elston Project Managers Mark Holmes Sponsor or funding Hawkins and Harrison body PROJECT DATE Start date 01/02/2016 End date 07/04/2016 ARCHIVES Location Contents Physical POS16 Site records (1 archive box) Paper Warwickshire HER Client report PDF. Survey Data, Digital Photographs BIBLIOGRAPHY Archaeological desk based assessment and trial trench evaluation at The Title Old School Site, Polesworth, Warwickshire, April 2016 Serial title & volume MOLA Northampton Report 16/102 Author(s) Mary Ellen Crothers and Jonathan Elston Page numbers 78 pages of text and figures Date October 2016 MOLA Report 16/102 Page 4 THE OLD SCHOOL SITE, POLESWORTH Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 2 LOCATION, TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 3 DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Policy background 3.3 Sources consulted 4 HERITAGE ASSESSMENT 4.1 Designated heritage assets 4.2 Statement of Significance by Nicolas Palmer 4.3 Archaeological and historical background 4.4 Cartographic evidence 4.5 Previous archaeological work 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 5.1 The proposed development 5.2 Impact assessment 5.3 Significance 6 CONCLUSION 7 TRIAL TRENCHING AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 8 METHODOLOGY 9 THE EXCAVATED EVIDENCE 9.1 General comments 9.2 Late medieval 9.3 Post-medieval occupation 9.4 Undated features 10 THE POTTERY by Paul Blinkhorn 11 DISCUSSION BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT INDEX MOLA Report 16/102 Page 5 THE OLD SCHOOL SITE, POLESWORTH Figures Front cover: General view facing north-east. Fig 1: Site Location Fig 2: View from the north-west corner of site, looking south Fig 3: View from the east boundary of site, looking west Fig 4: View from the south-east corner of site, looking north-east Fig 5: View from south-west corner, looking north-east Fig 6: View of St Editha’s Church from the southern boundary, looking south Fig 7: View of former Infants School, looking south-east Fig 8: Historic Environment Record (HER) Monuments data Fig 9: Historic Environment Record (HER) Events and Listed Buildings data Fig 10: A drawing by Penelope Greasley (1855) depicting the abbey Gatehouse in Old Polesworth by Jean Wood Fig 11: The corn mill on the River Anker in Old Polesworth by Jean Wood Fig 12: Saxton’s map of the County of Warwick, 1576 Fig 13: Blome’s map of the County of Warwick, 1673 Fig 14: Jefferys’ map of Warwickshire, 1787 Fig 15: Polesworth tithe map, 1850 Fig 16: Ordnance Survey First Edition map, 1887 Fig 17: Ordnance Survey Second Edition map 1903 Fig 18: Ordnance Survey Third Edition map, 1923 Fig 19: Ordnance Survey map, 1939 Fig 20: Excavated trenches Fig 21: Pit [131], looking north Fig 22: Trench 3, section 6 and plan Fig 23: Gully [305], looking west Fig 24: Trench 3, section 6 and plan Fig 25: West end of trench 1, looking north Fig 26: Cobbled surfaces [109] and [119], looking north Fig 27: Trench 1, section 13 and plan Fig 28: Sandstone wall [121] and brick wall [120], looking north Fig 29: Hand dug slot in cellar [110], looking north-west Fig 30: Trench 2 plan Fig 31: Building [204], looking north-west Fig 32: Trench 8 plan Fig 33: Pit [807], looking east Fig 34: Deposit (803), looking north-east Fig 35: Trench 8, looking south Fig 36: Wall [805], looking south-east Fig 37: Trench 5, looking south-east Fig 38: Trench 4 plan Fig 39: Fire pit [411] and gully [409], looking west Fig 40: Posthole [414], looking east Fig 41: Trench 6 plan Fig 42: Ditch [606], looking south Fig 43: Wall [607] looking north Fig 44: Tree throw, looking south Tables Table 1: Historic Environment Record (HER) Monuments data Table 2: Historic Environment Record (HER) Events and Listed Buildings data Table 3: Criteria for assessing the relative importance of cultural heritage sites Table 4: Pottery occurrence by number and weight (in g) of sherds per context by fabric type MOLA Report 16/102 Page 6 THE OLD SCHOOL SITE, POLESWORTH Archaeological desk-based assessment and trial trench evaluation on land at the Old School Site Polesworth, Warwickshire April 2016 Abstract A desk-based assessment (DBA) was conducted in February 2016 and in April 2016 an archaeological trial trench evaluation was carried out by MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) on land at the Old School site, Polesworth, Warwickshire. The scope of works was commissioned by Hawkins and Harrison acting on behalf of the Trustees of the Sir Francis Nethersole Foundation. The site lies to the north of the site of Polesworth Abbey, a Scheduled Monument and within the Polesworth Conservation Area. A further Scheduled Monument, Polesworth Bridge, lies to the south-west. Sixteen Listed Buildings lie within a 1km radius of the site, five of which are Grade II*, including the Abbey Gatehouse to the west of the site and the Church of Editha to the south. There is very little evidence in the area which predates the establishment of the abbey and Saxon church. The site lies at the northern boundary of the former abbey precinct and within the historic medieval settlement of Polesworth which prospered during the post-medieval period through the construction of the Coventry Canal, the pottery industry and collieries. Recent community excavations during Dig the Abbey revealed the locations of timber structures and the pre-Conquest cemetery, chapter house, reredorter and frater. After the Dissolution, a manor house was built at the abbey which was later replaced by Polesworth vicarage.
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