June .5, 1d 5" EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17465

A s to the order of the S enator from M r. R O BE R T C. BYR D. T here was. IN THE Ant FORCE O hio and with the time schedule of the Very well. T he following officer to be placed on the R etired L ist in the grade indicated under S enator from West Virginia, the Chair the provisions of S ection 896 2, T itle 1 0 of is not a mathematician, but it comes to ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 9 A.M. the United States Code : exactly 3 hours with 2 hours plus for TOMORROW To be lieutenant general rollcalls. T hat puts it an hour and 1 0 Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, L t. G en. E dmund F . O 'Connor, xxx-xx-xxxx minutes over the 6 p.m. time schedule. So F R (major general, R egular A ir F orce), I hope the restraint is here tomorrow if there be no further business to come before the Senate, I move, in accordance U.S. A ir Force. that the S enator desires. IN THE ARMY M r. R O BE R T C. BYR D. I thank the with the previous order, that the S enate T he following-named officer for reappoint- Chair for his supporting statement. stand in adjournment until the hour of 9 a.m. tomorrow. ment to the active list of the R egular A rmy M r. President, let me think for a sec- and A rmy of the U nited S tates with grade ond, if the Chair will indulge me. The motion was agreed to; and at 9:55 as indicated, from the T emporary Disability The PRESIDING 0.F.PICER. The Chair p.m., the S enate adjourned until tomor- R etired List, under the provisions of title 10, will be delighted to indulge the Senator row, Friday, June 6, 1975, at 9 a.m. United S tates Code, section 1211: from West Virginia. His night has been To be major general, Regular Army and spoiled anyhow. Major general, Army of the United States Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, NOMINATIONS F rederick William Boye, Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . was there a period for the transaction Executive nominations received by the IN THE MARINE CORPS of routine morning business today? Senate June 5, 1975 : In accordance with the provisions of title T he PR E S IDIN G O F F ICE R . T here 10, U.S. Code, Section 5232, M aj. Gens. Robert was not. EQUA L EM PLO YM EN T O PPO R TUN ITY H. Barrow and Leslie E . Brown, U.S. M arine M r. R O BE R T C. BYR D. T here was CO M M ISSIO N Corps, having been designated for commands William J. K endrick, of M aryland, to be a and other duties determined by the President not? member of the E qual E mployment O pportu- to be within the contemplation of said sec- T he PR E S IDIN G O F F ICE R . T oday nity Commission for the term expiring July tion, for appointment to the grade of lieu- there was, yes. 1, 1979, vice Luther Holcomb, term expired. tenant general while so serving.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

CO R E T T A SCO T T K IN G K E YN O T E this one which benefit the entire com- exhibition area and administrative offices. SPEAKER AT PHILLIS WHEATLEY munity. However, land has been acquired on which ASSOCIATION SPRING LUNCHEON T he Center will be constructed (ground was I call on my colleagues to join me in broken on January 1 5 , 1 9 7 5 for the first IN CLEVELAND paying tribute to M rs. Coretta S cott phase of construction), Dr. K ing's Birth K ing and wishing her a very pleasant Home has been restored and opened to the visit to Cleveland. In order that my col- public; and Information F acility has been HON. LOUIS STOKES leagues will be familiar with her ac- opened. complishments I call their attention to M usic background.—M rs. K ing began the O F O HIO her remarkable VITA : study of voice and music at L incoln High IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES S chool in M arion, A labama, and continued VITA: CORETTA SCOTT KING (MRS. MARTIN it at A ntioch College, where she also added Wednesday, June 4, 1975 LUTHER KING, JR.) the stu dy of v iolin. S he sang w ith the M r. STO K ES. M r. Speaker, on June 7, President—T he M artin L uther K ing, Jr. choruses of both institutions and in their 1975, M rs. Coretta Scott King, the widow Center for Social Change. musical productions. While attending the O ffice address-671 Beckwith S treet S W., N ew England Conservatory of M usic, she was of the late R ev erend Doctor M artin A tlanta, Georgia 30314. a member of the Conservatory Chorus which L uther K ing, Jr., will be the keynote O ffice telephone number-404/524-1956. performed annually with the famed Boston speaker at the Phillis Wheatley A ssocia- Place of birth—M arion, A labama. S ymphony; she sang regularly with the O ld tion's spring luncheon at the Cleveland M arital and family status—M rs. K ing was S outh Church Choir, and premiered the song Plaza Hotel. O ur city is honored to re- married to the R everend Doctor M artin Lu- cycle, "M otivos de Son," by Cuban composer, ceive this most distinguished guest, and ther K ing, Jr., on June 18, 1953. Dr. K ing was the late A madeo R oldan at the N ew E ngland I take this occasion to express the assassinated A pril 4, 1968, in M emphis, T en- Conservatory. nessee. T here are four children by the mar- Lecturer—During Dr. K ing's lifetime, M rs. gratitude of the entire community that riage: Yolanda Denise (b. November 17, 1955) ; K ing occasionally substituted for him as this remarkable woman has chosen to M artin Luther III (b. O ctober 23, 1957) ; Dex- speaker and at the same time frequently grace us with her presence. ter S cott (b. January 30, 1961) ; and Bernice appeared in her own right before church, I am proud of my personal associa- Albertine (b. M arch 28, 1963) . civic, college, fraternal and peace groups, tion with M rs. K ing, and pleased to pay E ducation—Lincoln High School, M arion, throughout the U nited S tates, both as a tribute to her many outstanding ac- A labama; B.A ., A ntioch College, Yellow speaker and as a concert artist. S ince Dr. complishments. A s a member of the Springs, O hio—combined major in music and K ing's assassination in 1968, M rs. K ing has education; M us. B. N ew E ngland Conserva- lectured from major platforms in A merica board of trustees of the M artin Luther tory of M usic, Boston, M assachusetts—major and abroad including: Parliament House, K ing, Jr. Center for S ocial Change, I in voice. N ew Delhi, India; Women's University, Bom- have had the privilege of joining M rs. Profession—O rganization president; con- bay, India; Boston, Brandeis, Harvard and K ing, the president of that organization, cert singer; freedom concert singer; lecturer; Yale U niversities; also S t. Paul's Cathedral in various activities and projects across author. and Central Hall (Westminster A bbey) Lon- the N ation in furtherance of the great During the summer of 1 96 7 , M rs. K ing don, E ngland; Bethune-Cookman, and M ore- goals to which her late revered husband called together a few of her husband's as- house Colleges. aspired. It was my privilege to enjoy the sociates to discuss a library project for hous- F reedom concerts.—M rs. K ing developed ing Dr. K ing's papers. A fter the assassina- and performs the F reedom Concert as her personal friendship of Dr. M artin Luther tion of Dr. K ing in 1968, this group was aug- own contribution to the Civil R ights M ove- K ing, Jr., a man who I consider a great mented with members of Dr. K ing's family ment. T he F reedom Concert combines prose leader as w ell as one of the finest and other associates to establish T he M ar- and poetry narration with music in order human beings I have ever known. His tin Luther K ing, Jr. M emorial Center. M rs. to present the history of the M ovement. In dream of brotherhood and equality lives K ing was elected president of T he Center December of 1956, in a concert at M anhat- on in the dedicated efforts of his coura- and continues to serve in that office. In 1972, tan Center celebrating the first anniversary T he Center was officially renamed T he M ar- of the M ontgomery Bus Protest, M rs. K ing geous wife, who has won the admira- tin L u ther K ing , J r. C enter for S ocial put some material about M ontgomery, A la- tion of the international community for Change. The Boards of Directors and Trustees gama into the last section of her concert her own commitment to humanity. of T he Center are charged with the respon- combining narration with song. T his was so M rs. K ing's appearance in Cleveland sibilities of planning and implementing on- w ell receiv ed that M rs. K ing began ex- will be the highlight of the year for the going programs, fund-raising, and building perimenting with the combination, and the an appropriate site from which T he Center's first official Freedom Concert was performed Phillis Wheatley A ssociation, an orga- programs will be constructed. S ince 1 96 8, at T own Hall (N ew York City) in N ovember, nization which enjoys a well-deserved T he Center has operated from a temporary 1 9 6 4 . T his was a benefit for the S outhern reputation in our town for projects like location which has archives, a reading room, Christian L eadership Conference and the 17466 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS June 5, 1975 Chaney-Goodman-Schwerner Foundation 1n Doctor of Humanities (Honoris Causa) EXCERPT FROM PAUL HARVEY memory of the three slain civil right.s work­ Princeton University, 1970. NEWS ers killed in Mississippi during 1964. Since Doctor of Music, New England Conserva- the assassination of Dr. King. Mrs. King has tory of Music, 1971. revised the Freedom Concert which she Doct.or of Laws, Bates College, 1971. premiered in Amsterdam, Holland, during a Memberships and Offices (partial listing): HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. 1970 European tour. Proceeds from the Con­ The Martin Luther King, Jr. Foundation, OF INDIANA cert have been donated to the Southern President. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Christian Leadership Con!erence and The The Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Martin Luther King, Jr. Cen·ter for Social Social Change, President. Wednesday, June 4. 1975 Change. Subsequent performances of the re­ National Committee for Full Employment, Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, Paul Har­ vised concert have been given in Cincinnati, Co-Chairperson. Ohio and Newark, New Jersey. National Union of Hospital and Health Ca.re vey was right: Author-Mrs. King has written articles for Employees District 1199 (formerly local EXCERPT FROM PAUL HARVEY NEWS, FEBRUARY Good Housekeeping, 1964 and 1968; New 1199). 17, 1968 Lady; the National Catholic Reporter; Mc­ National Health Insurance Committee, Ex­ Americans, we are going to get out of Viet- cau•s; Roto; The Church Woman; The Up­ ecutive Board Member. nam. per Room; Theology Today. She contributed Southern Rural Action, Inc. About that--there is no question. the chapter, "Can Atlanta Become a Mental­ Southern Christian Leadership Confer­ To that--we all agree. ly Healthy Community?" to the book Ex­ ence-Member, Board of Directors. We Americans are going to get out of Viet­ ploring Mental Heal th Perameters; she also Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Center, Mem­ nam--eventually. contributed a chapter to a book about Sen. ber, Board of Trustees. So the only questions we must consider to­ Robert F. Kennedy and she wrote liner notes Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc., Hon- day a.re how and when-And how many die for the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Album, orary Member. first. as well as the forewords to two books by Links, Inc. You and I have recently been led to belleve Martin Luther King, Jr., Trumpet of Con­ National Council of Negro Women. that wars should be fought gently, without science, published posthumously, a.nd the Women's International League for Peace even the hope of victory. memorial edition of Where Do We Go From and Freedom. I never could subscribe to that kind of a. Here: Choas or Community? Board of Trustees, Ebenezer Baptist pulled-punches war and now-because others Mrs. King's book, My Life With Martin Church. can't or won't-object to it--I am compelled Luther King, Jr. (Holt, Rinehart and Win­ National Association for the Advancement to. Recent months I have cared less and less ston, 1969) was a major publishing event. of Colored People. whether we drive it or park it in Vietnam. I It was serialized in Life Magazine and the Biographical and Features (Partial List­ have insisted that we should do one or the major newspapers of this country; selected ing): other. And because it is now obvious neither by the Book-of-the-Month Club; and in­ Who's Who in America; Who's Who Among this Administration nor the next one will do cluded in the 1969 Fall edition of Reader's American Women; The Author's and Writer's the one- Digest. Condensed Books. The book has been Who's Who; Two Thousand Women of Today we are going to consider the case published in 12 foreign languages. It has Achievement; subject of cover stories in Jet for "the other"-The case for parking it--for been best seller in Germany, Holland, Sweden 91958, 1964, 1970; New Lady 1966; Life 1968, disengaging ourselves-for getting out--for and Finland, and was number-one on the 1969; Ebony 1959, 1970; countless newspaper coming home. British best seller list for a number of weeks. interviews-both in the United States and This is an election year. In a Republic, we In October, 1970, it was also issued in a a.broad; countless television and radio inter­ are supposed to be deciding crucial, contro­ paperback edition (Avon Books). Excerpts views and guest appearances in both the versial issues. from My Life With Martin Luther King, Jr. United States and abroad. Among these have But not candidate from either major po­ read by Mrs. King were released on a three been "Today", "Face the Nation," "Mike lltical party is offering an alternative to our album recording (Caedmon Records) March, Douglas Show, "David Frost Show," "Dick present no-win policy in Vietnam. 1972. Cavett Show," "60 Minutes," "The Ed Sulli­ Some of us with an opportunity to counsel Recognitions and Awards (Selected). van Show," "Tonight Show," NBC's "Moni­ and an obligation to counsel wisely have been 1957-National Oouncll of Negro Women­ tor," "AM America," "CBS Morning News." wrestling with an agonizing reappraisal of Annual Brotherhood Awa.rd. Ebony: "The 100 Most Influential Black Uncle Sam's unbecoming posture in Asia. 1962-National Associ&tion of Colored Americans," 1971 (year of its inception), Every wishy-washy Washington utterance Women's Club&-Distinguished Achievement 1972, "Ladies Home Journal:" America's 75 ls predicated on fear. Fear of world opinion, Award; similar award was presented by the Most Important Women, January 1971. fear of Russian intervention, fear of Red same organization in 1973. Special Note-Mrs. King had a key role in China-fear that if we take the stopper out 1962-Delegate, Seventeen Nation Disarma­ working with Ely Landau on the production of the bottle-Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, ment Conference, Women Strike For Peace, of the documentary fl.Im, "King: A Filmed Ph111ppines, Australia wm somehow be over­ Geneva, SWitzerl.and. Record-Montgomery to Memphis." She also whelmed by communism. 1968-Society for the Family of May­ worked with The Martin Luther King, Jr. Let's be realistic. Communism has not been Award for Excellence tn the Field of Human Foundation on its productions of: "Legacy of able even to "overwhelm" Africa. In one after Relations. a Dream" a film and "King: The Man and another of the African nations, communism 1968-Premio San Valentine Committee, His Meaning," a filmstrip. is being booted out. Verona., Italy-Universal Love Award; first Travel-Mrs. King's travels have been ex­ There ls much fierce nationalism in the non-Italian to receive it. tensive in America, Europe, Asia, South emerging nations which will resist commu­ 1968-Wateler Peace Prize. America, Africa, Mexico, The Carribbeans, nism altogether as vigorously as it has re­ 1969-International Overseas Service Foun­ and the Holy Land. In 1957, she accompanied sisted western colonialism. dation-The P&cem in Terris Award-"FOr her husband to Ghana as guest of the Gov­ The communists will not be able to hold Outstanding contribution to world peace and ernment for the Independence Celebration. that humpty-dumpty hemisphere in their free thought. In December of 1964, she accompanied her grasp any more than the British could or 1969-World Organization of Diplomatic husband to Oslo where he was presented the the French did ... or the United States. Press-Acad.emie Diplomatique de la Pa.ix." Nobel Peace Prize. In 1968, at the invitation Understand we could have and perhaps 1971-The Martin Luther King Memorial of the Jamaican Government, she accepted should have klobbered North Vietnam when Medal--City College of New York. the Marcus Garvey Award of International the line were clearly defined. Then, as Gen­ i 1971-International Viareggio Award, "II Understanding, presented posthumously to eral LeMay recommended we might have Premio Viareggio" for the work, My Life With her husband. In 1969, she accepted, in New "bombed them back to the stone age" in a Martin Luther King, Jr. Delhi, India, the Nehru Award for Inter­ matter of hours. Honorary degrees: (Partial listing): national Understanding presented posthu­ Now, however, that the enemy ls in and Doctor of Humane Letters, Boston Uni­ mously to her husband; and 1n 1970, she around and among us to such an extent that we are presently having to bomb our own versity, 1969. made an extensive European tour in connec­ Doctor of Human Letters (Honoris Causa) cities.... tion with the foreign publications of her A nuclear holocaust could only-no pun Marymount-Manhattan College, 1969. book, My Life With Martin Luther King. Jr. Doctor of Humanities, Brandeis University, intended-make ashes of us all. Now we are Precedents: forced to consider alternatives. 1969. 1968-June 12, first woman to deliver Class Doctor of Humanities, Wilberforce Uni­ Americans, ours ls the only nation in the verstty, 1970. Day Address at Harvard University in Cam­ world which has ever purposely !ought a no­ Doctor of Humanities (Honoris Causa) bridge, Massachusetts. win war. Betp.une-Cookman College, 1970. 1969-March 16, first woman to preach at When Hungary rebelled-Russia waded in Doctor of Humane Letters, Morehouse Col­ a Statutory Service, St. Paul's Cathedral, and wiped out the rebels in nine bloody days. lege, 1970. London, England. We called them "barbarians", but their war June 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17467 cost 3,000 lives. The war in Vietnam has al­ not possibly produce enough boy babies to • • • that the world will then, again, have ready cost 300,000 lives. police the planet. Presently, remember, we sometb1ng ~r than a red star to steer by. The French were beaten and thrown out of have commitments with forty other nations Africa and Indo-China. almost identical to the agreement which The Bri·tish gave up and got out of Asia and got us involved in this untenable situation REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE the Far East. in Vietnam. JOHN W. WYDLER ON THE RE­ But we, neither beaten nor victorious, are Russia and Red China could prefer noth­ ENACTMENT OF REVENUE SHAR­ presently engaged in our second pulled­ ing more than for the United States to con­ ING punches war-where the announced objective tinue to debilitate and bankrupt itself in a is a stalemate on the fifty yard line. multiplicity of stalemate wars. our state department's strange willingness And the effect of these winless wars is HON. JOHN W. WYDLER devastating on our own people. The hypoc­ to commit more and more of our sons and OF NEW YORK our guns and our funds all over the world­ risy of opposing communism in Vietnam and but not fight all-out to win- tolerating it 90 miles from Florida is dilut­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tb.ere could not be a better design for the ing traditional American allegiance, demoral­ Thursday, June 5, 1975 gradual destruction of the United States if izing our young. the Peking Communists were themselves We're told "We have to fight them over Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, H.R. 6558, blueprinting our destruction. there or we•1i have to fight them over here." the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Our professional military men in Korea They are over here-and we are not fight­ Act of 1975, known as general revenue and since have been thrust situations which ing them . . . over here! And other nations sharing, was introduced in April of this are unbecoming, embarrassing, degrading. see comparable hypocrisy in our eagerness to year and referred to the Government The idea that we can bomb secondary tar­ tame the world's jungles when we can't even gets-but must spare primary targets-is in­ make our own streets safe. The idea of pulling Operations Committee. Later this month, excusable, indefensible and un-American. out is not without precedent. We "pulled my distinguished colleague from New Yet, absurd as this posture is, in a Presi­ out" of the Bay of Pigs. The French "pulled York, Mr. HORTON, and I will be reintro­ dential election year I hear nobody offering out" after DienBienPhu. And both they and ducing the same bill with cosponsors. the voters a real, honest-to-Uncle Sam alter­ we survived. Because of the great interest in reve­ native. And those who fear Moscow rule of all nue sharing, I would like to provide a The alternatives to our present pussy-foot­ Asia might note that neither Moscow nor section-by-section analysis of the bill for ing are all out-or get out. And nobody Peking has been able to "rule" even little seems to want to recommend either. Castro. the RECORD so that our colleagues and I know something of the fear which the I am aware that American politicians are other interested parties may develop a politicians face. I've faced some of it my­ unan!l.mously unwll'llng to recommend with­ better understanding of the proposal. self recent weeks. drawal. They are fearful President Johnson The analysis is attached: When I began to document the case for might pull a rabbit out of the hat between STATE AND LoCAL F'IsCAL AsSISTANCE ACT withdrawal I received white feathers in the now and November. AMENDMENTS OF 1975 mail. Yet without some alternative to present SECTION 1 Further, it is uncomfortable and embar­ pdMcy on this most vital issue, there is no The amount of a recipient government's rassing to find myself tn bed with some poilllt in another election. revenue sharing allocation is determined by peace-at-any-price people whom I do not To those who fear a strartegic retreait would the data factors of that government relative respect. cost us "face", let's remember th&t the to the data factors of all other competing But most personally hurtful ts the fact UDil.ted States hJM had no "face" in Asia in governments. In the process of improving that there are many sincere American pa­ twenty years. And the places Where we have the data, it is sometimes necessary to make triots left over from an earller era who meddled most we have the least "face." data corrections after the final allocation still pledge their allegiance, "My Country, On the oonitr&ry, think about this-for WI of funds, and after the period during which may she always be right, but-right or to withdraw now could be sold to the world the vast majority of data corrections have wrong-my country!" They would blindly follow a blind leader if as a magnanimously noble, humanitarian been processed. Each data correction of this gesture. Here this great and powerful United type, absent special procedure, would result he carried our flag. And I love those people. a. I a.mire and respect them. I'm proud for a states-having the awesome weapons which in retroactive changes to the allocations and lifetime to have been one of them. could cremate all our advel'S81ries-decllnes payments of many governments which had But after an agonizing reappra.tsal I am to do so. Instead we wi11 a.1'low Asi'8/tlcs to expended the funds or had come to rely on choose their own form of government. Some those allocations and payments for budgetary convinced that being either hawk or dove is say the result would be a b1oodba.th. The purposes. preferable to the chicken-policy which pres­ ently sends American sons into worthless Vietnamese are now getttng a bloodba.th. To mitigate the inequity a.rising from this jungles to fight today's war with lesser weap­ Meanwhile we wou'ld continue to keep unfortunate but inevitable circumstance, 31 ons than the last one. any powers which menace us at arms length CFR 51.25(a.) has been promulgated. It es­ No, My Country is right in so many ways with our woopons of declsion. tablishes an Obligated Adjustment Reserve that she ts worth fighting for. But in this no­ Some protest th81t to leave Vietnam wuuld that ts funded by administratively holding win war my country is wrong-and it's time mean thirty thousand Amerdoan sons have in reserve a small percentage ( .005) of the somebody says so. died for nothing. revenue sharing funds appropriated for each The question is not "whether" we wlll get On the contrary, 1f their sacrifice has been entitlement period from which adjustments out of Vietnam; of course we will, eventually. the finger-down-the-throat which has trig- can be made to alleviate hardships caused Either we will bomb our way out and have gered the final regurgitation in our nation. by prior misallocatlons. The amount of reve­ to rebuild the nation.... Or we will force Then it will be they who, at long last, taught nue sharing funds held in reserve and the a compromise cease-fire and have to continue us to mind our own business. And so saved decision to make adjustment payments is to occupy the country as in Korea. . . . ~ countless llves. determined at the discretion of the Secretary, Or we will, like the British and French, be­ John Quincy Adams sa.ld it: "America does as the equity of the situation requires. not go abroad in search of monsters to de- The creation of the Reserve Fund has l come totally exhausted and get thrown \ out.... stroy. She ls the champion and vindicator proved necessary for the orderly administra­ Or there is one other alternative: We can only of her own people." tlon of the General Revenue Sharing pro- quit this war and come home now. Ag.a4n, remember, eventtu81lly we will with- gram due to the compleXity of the allocation Let's consider the increasingly convincing dmw from trying to feed, fina,nce, fortify, process. The proposed amendment to section case for coming home now. protoot and police the Whole planet. Even• 102 of the Act is recommended in the first The government we left behind in Korea tuallly we will have no oholce. section of the blll to clarify the authority of is a mllltary dictatorship. Every nation in history Which has over- the Secretary to make adjustments in this How is this better than a communist mili­ extended itself has eventually gone broke manner. and been forced pu'll back, just survive. tary dictatorship? Is it really worth the lives to to SECTION 2 Why wait for that? Why not now revert of American sons and further devaluation of Section 105(b) (1) of the present Act pro­ the American dollar in order to provide the to leading the world~by emmpl~ we onoo ctid. vides for the periodic appropriation of funds Vietnamese with a m111tary dictatorship? Na­ from the general fund of the Treasury to tions, aborning, cannot be spared the pain of Instead of wa.tting until we are bank­ rupt, let us revert to self-concern ... on the State and Local Government Fiscal As­ labor. We outsiders can pace the waiting sistance Trust Fund. Funding under this Before we clraJned. o! our blood room floor and bite our nails and pray-but purpose. are section ls provided through December 31, democracy must "deliver" itself, when the a.nd our sweat and our tears a.nd our gold. 1976, with an increase of $150 million each time is right. When the time ls right! Why not, lnstead, husband our resources-­ full fiscal year with the exception of early Maybe the time ts not yet right. make ourselves what we once were---6trong periods and the lMt period of six months. Realistically, we must consider the mathe­ and solven~ oasis of M'ts and sciences That six-month period also provides for a matics of this kind of intervention. Amer­ and physical well-being. step increase of $150 million. ica's six percent of the world's mothers can- so honorable, so admirable, so desirable Clause ( 1) of section 2 of the blll provides 17468 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS June 5, 1975 for a continuation of the General Revenue local governments during the six-month­ formula to the remaining jurisdictions with­ Sharing program for 5% additional years, long entitlement period (July 1, 1976-De­ in the State which a.re not so constrained concluding with the fiscal year beginning cember 31, 1976). This provision is no longer and which would otherwise receive smaller October 1, 1981. This recommendation strikes needed in view of the fact that this legisla­ amounts. a reasonable balance between the need of tion would replace the six-month entitle­ To reduce the impact on local govern­ recipient governments for fiscal stability and ment period with a new longer entitlement ments which have been receiving additional the legitimate desire of the Federal Execu­ period. Accordingly, it is proposed that sec­ funds that are redistributed because of the tive and the Congress to review the law in tion 107 (b) be a.mended to delete paragraph operation of the 145 percent constraint upon the light of future national economic con­ ( 5) . In situations in which either the recipi­ other jurisdictions within their State, the cerns. Thus, the total amount to be dis­ ent government's fiscal years does not coin­ maXimum allocation constraint would be tributed under the 5%-year renewal program cide with an entitlement period or where raised gradually, in five steps, by an increase is $39.85 billion, which includes $75 million an entitlment period ls greater than or less of 6 percentage points per entitlement peri­ moved forward from the final slx months of than a full year, the 01llce of Revenue Sha.r­ od until a new maximum constraint level of the current program. The original Act pro­ ing has provided by regulation (31 CFR 175 percent is reached. The purpose of rais­ vided for a $150 million increase for the six­ 51.26) that the point of reference for meas­ ing the maximum per capita allocation con­ month entitlement period which was to end uring a State's assistance to local govern­ straint to 175 percent is to allow low per­ the GRS program. Since the progra.m. is to be ments will be that State's fiscal year. sonal income and high tax effort to be more extended, the legislation seeks to continue SECTION 4 fully reflected in the operation of the basic linear $150 million annual statrstep increases formula.. in funding level. Section 4(a.) amends section 108(b) (4) of Due to the responsiveness of the revenue The amendment also creattes a three­ the Act to treat an entitlement waiver by an sharing formulas to changes in data-the al­ monrtlb. '81pproprilation perdod beginniing July Indian tribe or Alaskan native village in the location of revenue sharing funds is based on 1, 1976, and ending September 30, 1976, to same was as waivers by other eligible govern­ annually changing data elements such as ad­ provide for the transition to the new Octo­ ments. justed taxes, and on periodically updated ber 1 Federal fiscal year. The entitlement Section 108(b) (4) of the present Act pro­ data elements such as per capital income and period begdnning July 1, 1976, combines this vides that if the governing body of an In­ population-the effect of this proposed quarter with the fullow1.ng fisoal year so dian tribe or Alaskan native village waives change will vary in any entitlement period that the enitltlement periiod. would end on its entitlement, then the amount of the and from State to State. As a result of the September 30, 1977. entitlement shall be distributed according gradual phase-in, and as a result of the When the revenue sh.81ring allooa.tion of to the rules relating to distribution within stairstep increases in the total amount be­ Ala.ska or Haiwa'H 1s determined by tihe three­ county areas. The waiver by an Indian tribe ing distributed each entitlement period, fa.ctor sllooa.tlon formula., lit becomes eldgi­ or Alaskan native village is therefore han­ however, the potential losses to almost au ble for the noncontiguous State adjustment. dled differently than a waiver by a unit jurisdictions in any given yea.r should be Pursuant to section 106(c) of the Act, an of local government pursuant to section 108 fully offset so that they will not suffer an

RESULTS OF THE ANNUAL "FABULOUS 5TH" QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE 5TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, NASSAU COU NTY, N.Y. [In percent)

Yes No Undecided Yes No Undecided

1. Tax rebate: Do you intend to spend the proposed income tax 8. Food for the world : Do you favor increased U.S. food con- rebate at once7 ______46. 91 35. 31 17. 78 tributions to starving nations if it meant each American 2. Off-shore oil drilling: Do you favor oil drilling off the would have to consume less food7 ______45. 73 42.19 12. 08 Atlantic coastL______68. 37 23. 02 8. 61 9. Gas tax : Do you favor an additional excise tax on gasoline 3. Revenue sharing: Do you favor a continuation of the as an energy crisis measure?______18. 58 75.92 5.50 revenue sharing program?______70. 25 11. 54 18. 21 10. Windfall profits tax: Do you favor President Ford's proposal 4. Defense spending: Do you favor a defense budget which will for a windfall profits tax on oil producers to prevent them keep us the strongest Nation in theworld7 ______72. 35 17.24 10. 41 from profiting unduly? ______83.18 11.24 5.58 5. Auto pollution standards: Would you support reduction of 11. Military allied aid: Do you think we should send military auto pollution standards as a temporary measure during aid to nations fighting Communist aggression without our the energy crisis? __ ------______67. 21 27. 31 5. 48 becoming directly involved? ______, ______50.39 35. 77 13.M 6. Wage and price controls: Do you favor resumption of a wage 12. Foreign affairs: Do you feel that strong Presidential di rec- and pricecontrol7 ______46. 53 43. 53 9.94 tion in foreign affairs is essential? ______74. 71 15. 64 9.65 7. Consumer Protection Agency: Do you favor the creation of an independent Federal Consumer Protection Agency?____ 65.13 26. 91 7. 96

H.R. 3000-AN AMENDMENT TO THE cessful by a. small margin. I would have liked duction and employment if strengthened HATCH ACT to have been a part of that campaign be­ and uniform environmental standards cause I believed that person to be the better are imposed on surface mining. In sup­ person to represent my district and help was needed. I was not looking for favors as a. porting this claim, the variation in coal HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN payoff for my participation; just better rep­ production both before and after legis­ OF MARYLAND resentation. However, the Hatch Act pre­ lation at the State level for several_States IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cluded my active participation. is cited. What the administration has not 4. Also, this past year (1974) my wife cam­ stated though, is that the decreases of Thursday, June 5, 1975 paigned, as a. democrat, for and was elected coal production in the various States Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, re­ to a high county office. I would have loved were concomitant with decreases in coal cently the Subcommittee on Employee to have been a. part of that campaign. I would have loved to have shared the ex­ production in most States and at the na­ Political Rights and Intergovernmental periences and the success. Her campaign tional level. Thus State production trends Programs held public hearings on H.R. could have been a family affair. However, followed national patterns thus refiect­ 3000, an amendment to the Hatch Act, in the Hatch Act precluded my active partic­ ing the national market for coal and my own Fifth Congressional District of ipation. As a. government employee, I was fiuctuations are not due to changes in Maryland. I would like to share with my not allowed to put signs up in my neighbors State law. The experience in Pennsyl­ colleagues the remarks of Mr. Charles J. yards on behalf of my wife. I was not al­ vania is one of the States cited by the White, of 7100 Nimitz Drive, North For­ lowed to hand out brochures on her beha.lf administration as the basis for their veto estville, Md. Mr. White is a systems ana­ at the shopping centers. I was not allowed to knock on doors on behalf of my wife. In fact, SUPPort. lyst with over 27 years' service with the it became extremely difficult at my place of However, the experience in Pennsyl­ Federal Government, and his interest­ employment and at civic meetings, when vania with respect to coal production and ing testimony was most helpful and in­ someone questioned me a.bout the forth­ employment subsequent to enactment formative to the members of the sub­ coming election, to remain silent on behalf and implementation of strengthened committee. of my wife as a. candidate. State laws fiatly contradicts the admin­ His statement follows: Summary: istration's contention. Pennsylvania's ex­ To SPEAK AS AN INDIVIDUAL CITIZEN IN SUP­ What I've just related a.re personal ex­ perience is summarized in the following PORT OF H.R. 3000 periences wherein the Hatch Act has been letter from state Representative Lau­ unkind to my situations. The alternative, Name: Charles J. White. of course, is to leave Federal employment dadio and State Senator Dwyer who are Residence: 7100 Nimitz Drive, North For­ if I'm so hung-up on campaigning during the cochairmen of the Joint Legislative estville, Prince George's County, Maryland Air and Water Pollution Control and 20028, 5th Congressional District. partisan elections. However, I'm not in a po­ Purpose: To speak, as an individual (a citi­ sition to throw a.way 27 yea.rs. Some will say Conservation Committee, Pennsylvania zen) , in support of HR 3000 and especially that my experiences a.re unique and the ex.. State Legislature. that portion dealing with participation in ception. I don't know; however, I do know The letter follows: partisan political campaigns. I wish to pre­ that many of my friends and neighbors who JOINT LEGISLATIVE Am AND WATER sent my supporting statement by relating a.re government employees have indicated POLLUTION CONTROL AND CONSER· personal experiences. their personal desire to be allowed to do VATION COMMITTEE, Experiences: many of the things listed in Section 7324c Harrisburg, May 28, 1975. 1. A few years ago my brother-in-law cam­ of this bill. I'm certain that their desires, Hon. MORRIS K. UDALL, paigned, as a democrat, for and was success­ llke mine, are governed by civic responsibil­ House of RepresentaUves, Longworth House ful in being elected to the Indiana state leg­ ity rather than desires for personal gains or Office Building, Washington, D.C. islature. I sure would have liked to have been special treatment. Therefore, I strongly sup .. DEAR CONGRESSMAN UDALL: There are sev­ a part of his campaign. I enjoy campaignlng; port H.R. 3935 because it removes ba.rriel'! eral points which we think should be brought however, the Hatch Act precludes much of for those who want the barriers removed, to your attention before the over-ride vote the activity I enjoy because I am a govern­ that ts; it legally provides the individual an on the Federal Strip Mining Blll now pend­ ment employee. During non-partisan type option to participate or to not participate ing before Congress. elections in my community, I work for the and accordingly allows Federal civilian em­ Grave reports a.bound regarding the im­ issues and the people that I believe in. I get ployees the same opportunity as non-gov­ pact this bill will have on production of coal, active in the campaign, the planning ses­ ernment citizens to fully participate in our employment and the price of electricity. sions, the distribution of literature, the per­ system of government. Pennsylvania's experience with a tough sur­ sonal contacts, the rallies and working out­ face mining law · (strict law passed in 1963 side the voting place on election day. I am and strengthened further in 1971) does not allowed to do these things under the partial SURFACE MINING CONTROL lend support to these arguments. In fact, exemption provisions of the Hatch Act. How­ the reverse is true. ever, the same Hatch Act precluded any such For the ten preceding yea.rs prior to the activity on behalf of my brother-in-law dur­ passage of Pennsylvania's 1963 Surface Min­ ing his democratic campaign in Indiana. HON. MORRIS K. UDALL ing Act, average yearly coal production using 2. Also, a. few years a.go my brother cam­ Oi' ARIZONA surface mining methods was 20.7 million paigned for, as a democrat, a county office IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tons. Flor the ten-year period after passage in the state of Indiana and lost by just a few of the Act, average production was 24.2 mil­ votes. I sure would have liked to have taken Thursday, June 5, 1975 lion tons. That represents an increase of 2 weeks annual leave and participated in his campaign, I believe that my help could have Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, part of the 17% during a. period when coal was less than turned the election to his favor. However, administration's justification for vetoing economically competitive with other basic the Hatch Act precluded my particU>ation. the Surface Mining Control and Recla­ fuels. During this same period (the entire 3. The past year, 1974, a. democratic can­ mation Act of 1975-H.R. 25-is there 20-year span), employment gradually de­ didate for Congress in my district was sue- will be a deleterious impact on coal pro- clined; however this was due, by the indus- 17474 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1975 try's own admission. primarily to general on a number of different factors. Drugs are on his shelf with the largest profit margin. economic conditions. newly applied tech­ traditionally high markup items and are usually a brand-name equivalent. nology. and modernization of equipment by counted on to supply a significant portion Generic prescribing, on the other hand, the coal industry. of a retailer's profits. The type of store (in­ permits the druggist to carry a. smaller in­ After passage of the 1971 amendments to dependent, chain, discount), the location ventory, thus reducing his expenditures and, Pennsylvania's All Surface Mining Act. (inner city. suburbs, medical arts building), theoretically, permitting him to pass some which placed additional requirements on proximity to competition, type of operation savings on to the consumer. However, it has the coal industry, employment in the (discount, drugs only) and services offered been shown that a pharmacy usually pur­ bituminous industry increased by almost (home delivery, 24-hour operation. credit) chases those products with the highest turn­ 20%. from 5.192 (1973) to 6.416 (1974). Fur­ are all variable factors in the determination over. These tend to be the higher priced thermore, production increased from 29.3 of the prices of the store's products. Since brand name drugs more frequently pre­ million to 36 million tons during the same most non-prescription drug products are ad­ scribed by physicians than lower cost prod­ period. vertised, the consumer has a chance to stop ucts of equal quality but less well-known be­ In sum, Pennsylva.nta•s experience graph­ comparatively; but in the case of prescrip­ cause not as much money and effort has been ically mustrates that increased coal produc­ tion drug products, the pharmacist has a spent promoting them. tion and employment have occurred simul­ relatively free hand in charging whatever fee Another factor in the issue of substitution taneously with stringent reclamation re­ he wishes. is the method a pharmacist uses to set his quirements imposed by our law and regu­ It has been stated that drug products are retail prices. A few are beginning to use a lations. a rather unique commodity because they are flat dispensing fee in place of the usual per­ The net effect of not requiring similar usually purchased with some degree of ur­ centage markup. The two systems differ pri­ practices in other States, may well be to gency. However, consumers should not be marily in terms of philosophy. The :Hat fee impose a.n economic disadvantage on the blind to the fa.ct that tLey oan get a better is meant to level off the costs between higher production of Pennsylvania. coal. buy with a little comparison shopping. Mo.st and lower priced drugs. Thank you in advance for your kind con­ druggists will quote prices for a prescription The pharmacist will add the fee, based on sideration. before Lt is filled (they a.re required to do so what he considers his expenses in filling the Respectfully, in New York); a very few will even quote prescription. to his cost for the drugs he JOHN F. LAUDADIO. Sr., prices on the phone. dispenses instead of pricing them by per­ Chairman. Consumers in 1971 had 2.2 billion prescrip­ centage markup from the wholesale cost. The R. BUDD DWYER. tions filled. Just over 31 % were for hospital HEW Task Force reports: Vice Chairman. inpatients. The remainder were accounted for "There is some fear that the use of dis­ as follows: independent commercial phar· pensing fee will greatly increase the total macy 42.7%, chain pharmacy 6.9 %, other re­ costs to long-term users of low-cost medica­ tail outlets (department stores, 5upermar­ tions, who under the markup system would kets, etc.) 6.8%. hospitals (outpatient phar­ normally receive preseriptions below actual PHARMACIES AND PHARMACISTS macies) 7.7% and dispensing physicians dispensing costs.... These patients may be 4.8%.8 properly served in appropriately selected HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL HEW estimated the number of resident cases if physicians can be induced to pre­ pharmacists in the country in 1971 at 129,287. scribe in larger quantities; thus the patient OF NEW YORK The vast majority worked in community would pay one dispensing fee for a medica­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pharmacies (45,889 owner/partners and 60,- tion which would last several months, in­ Thursday, June 5, 1975 505 employees for a total of 106,394) , 11,840 stead of several fees for smaller quantities of were in hospital pharmacies, 6,307 in teach­ the medication prescribed a number of Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the ing and government and 4,745 in manufac­ times." 6 pharmacy profession is effectively domi­ turing and wholesaling.' The use of the dispensing fee is not with­ nated by the owners of independent drug DRUG SUBSTITUTION out pitfalls for the consumer when the pharmacist has the option of substituting In nearly every state, the pharmacist is stores and the pharmacists who work drugs. If his markup is based on a percent­ there. They are a potent lobbying power forbidden to fill a prescription with anything age of the product's wholesale cost, he could in the Nation's statehouses and in the other than the exact branded item specified be inclined to use the higher cost, and there­ Congress. by the physician. The HEW Task Force re· ports: fore, higher profit item. But if he charges a It is that power that is responsible for fixed fee, regardless of the wholesale price. keeping consumers of at least two-thirds "Substitution of a drug or brand of drug he might be more likely to stock lower-cost different from that prescribed by the phy­ items since he would be making the same of the Sta;tes in the dark about prescrip­ sician 1s speclflcally prohibtted in the phar­ tion drug prices. This is because they macy laws or rules and regulations of 47 profit but have less capital tied up in stock. states, but there are no written rules against Repeal of anti-substitution restrictions, a have succeeded in enacting and enforcing movement gaining popularity among some laws and regulations forbidding retail lit in the Distriot of Columbia, Alaska, Mis­ pharmacists and the public, would neces­ drug price advertising in those States. souri or Vermont. In the District and Ver­ mont, however, the license of a pharmacist sarily have to be tied to some method of In the remaining States, where such ad­ may be revoked for substitution, on the protecting consumers against abuses in or­ vertising is ostensibly permitted, the in­ grounds that it is unethical conduct."• der to be fully effective. For example, a dustry has brought sufficient pressure to Maryland enacted a law in 1972 that per­ pharmacist may fill a generally written pre­ make it virtually nonexistant. scription with a brand name drug for several mits the pharmacist to susbstitute a generic reasons: equivalent for the brand stated on the pre­ This problem is discussed in depth in 1. He does not have the drug in its generic my report on Retail Prescription Drug scription unless the prescribing physician form. (One Washington, D.C. cha.in store Price Competition. I am inserting in the specifically prohibits it. The law, which took druggist reported that when he is out of RECORD at this point the section of that effect in early 1973, requires the pharmacist to notify the practitioner in writing within the generic but does have the brand version, report dealing with pharmacies and 48 hours of the product substituted. The he will ask the patient if he approves, and pharmacists: pharmacist is required also to pass on any then charge the generic price.) savings to the consumer. 2. He prefers to dispense the drug of a PHARMACIES AND PHARMACISTS manufacturer in whom he has confidence. The final link in the prescription drug Substitution already exists widely in prac­ 3. He is seeking a greater profit. tice, if not in law. It is not uncommon for a supply chain to the public is the retail phar­ Pharmacists and physicians are sharply macy and the pharmacist. The most com­ pharmacist, when presented with a prescrip­ tion for a. drug he does not have in stock, to divided on the issue of substitution, as they mon is the independent, neighborhood drug a.re on the issue of drug price advertising. store, which outnumbers chain stores na­ call the prescribing doctor and ask for a substitution or suggest to the doctor that he Most druggists would prefer that the pro­ tionally by better than seven to one.1 Sizes hibitions be lifted, giving them discretion and types of pharmacies vary widely. It is be allowed to use a drug already on hand. over the manufacturer of a drug product rare to :find one that is solely in the business Substitution is presently prohibited where the doctor prescribes a spectflc brand; how­ when the prescription calls for a multi­ o! dispensing drugs. Most more closely re­ source item. Doctors, on the other hand, vig­ semble a general store, selling a broad vari­ ever, when he writes the prescription gen­ orously oppose this as a usurpation of their ety of products unrelated to health and medi­ erically, the pharmacist ls free to use (i.e. role in specifying the exact medication they cine. The pharmacy today without a lunch substitute) any manufacturer•s generic equivalent. This situation offers a mixed want for a patient. As in the case of price counter, garden supply display, auto parts advertising, lines are drawn between phar­ center and clothing department is more the blessing. On the one hand. there is an oppor­ maceutical companies and organizations, exception than the rule, especially in the tunity to save the consumer some money. such as the National Pharmaceutical Coun­ case of chain pharmacies, where prescription However, there also is potential for abuse cil (NPC), and independent retailers and drugs constitute a.bout 11 % of the sales because the pharmacU!t with a generic pre­ laymen. The NPC, composed of the 25 larg­ volume.2 scription is in a position to dispense the item est pharmaceutical Inanufacturers, actively The role of the prescription counter in the opposes drug substitutions as "destructive drug store's overall profit picture depends Footnotes at end of article. to pharmacy" and 'deceitful to physicians." " June 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF IIBMARKS 17475 The group ls further dedicated to the use ot generally agreed that the likelihood is re­ petition involved in the emergence ot brand name products only, clalm.lng that mote that a drug product meeting estab­ branded generics, if the question means an they are the safest and most effective drugs. lished standards under federal drug laws will intensification of price competition, this Although NPC's concern for the medical not perform clinically as expected." would be a change only of degree, because care of the American public ls their stated It ls not the purpose of this report to make we have had price competition all along."" goal, their alignment with that segment of scientific judgments regarding the question Pharmacists express mixed feelings about the pharmaceutical and medical profession of generic vs. brand superiority. Sufiice it to the generic drug controversy. None appear which constantly opposes consumer-oriented say that the Food and Drug Administration opposed to dispensing generic drugs, programs casts serious doubt on rtheir mo­ does recognize as safe and effective generic although most are more familiar with the tives. drugs which comply with its minimum stand­ brand name products. This is largely due to ards, and the Defense Department and Vet­ the fact that small drug manufacturers do BRAND VERSUS GENERIC PRESCRmING AND not indulge in large advertising and promo­ ADVERTISING erans' Administration purchase their drugs by generic name. tion campaigns. Closely related to the issue of substitu­ Usually a physician will prescribe a drug Advocates of generic prescribing contend tion and an inltegral factor in the price of with which he is most familiar and in which it could save hundreds of millions of dol­ prescriptions ls the question of brand vs. ge­ he has confidence. It is generally true, how­ lars annualy in prescription costs for the neric superiority. The development of a brand ever, that the typical clinician has very little elderly alone and millions more for the name occurs when the larger drug houses first-hand knowledge of the performance rest of the population. Critics counter that register a tTademark name for the new drugs weaknesses and strengths of generic versus only 20-25 % of all the prescription drugs on they develop. The same practice is followed brand name formulations. What second-hand the market would be affected because the when they begin to market a drug developed rest are under patents and not available by another company but for which the orig­ knowledge he has ls probably derived from information furnished through "detail men" generically. This is borne out to some extent inal 17-year patent has expired. Smaller man­ by the HEW Task Force on Prescription ufacturers will, most often, market their from large drug houses. "Prescribing physi­ cians are still exposed far too often to drug Drugs, which discovered that of the 409 drugs products by the generic name.8 promotional ads designed primarily to pro­ dispensed most often to the elderly in Since these small companies do not under­ 1969, lower-priced generic equivalents were take the expensive tasks of researching, de­ mote sales rather than to provide the physi­ available for only 67 .l.3 veloping and advertising new drugs, the cian with the full facts necessary for the ra­ prices at which they sell their products are tional selection and use of drugs," reported DRUG COSTS the Committee on Government Operations' The burden of high prescription drug costs generally lower. 1 Most of the uncertainties about generic Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee. 0 falls most heavily on the elderly and others drugs center around their equivalency in It further stated: "While blatant misrepre­ on fixed incomes. Although only about 10% both quality and therapeutic effect. Brand sentations and omissions have become less of the popuJ..a.tion is 65 or older, this group name advocates contend that their drugs are frequent, they have often been replaced by accounts for 25% of all retail prescription of higher quality and are subject to more more subtle attempt& to convey misleading drug expenditures.u In 1971 these expendi­ quality tests and controls. There ls no con­ messages." tures totaled $1.2 billion. The average per vincing evidence to show that they do the "Prescription drugs occupy an unusual capita expenditure on drugs by the elderly job any better. position in the marketplace because such was $52.49, nearly triple the cost for persons It is often difficult to tell who made a drugs are ordinarily selected by the physi­ under 65 ($18.12 per capita) .15 drug, despite the name of the manufacturer cian who prescribes them rather than the The HEW Task Force on Prescription Drugs on the product. This is because one producer person who purchases or uses them" the found that generic prescribing for 67 of the frequently provides a large number of firms report concluded. "Consequently, the pre­ drugs most frequently dispensed for the with the same drug, which is then marketed scription drug promotion effort ls directed elderly could have reduced the acquisition under a variety of brand and generic names. to the physician rather than the con­ cost--the wholesale cost to the retaller­ Doctors today often find it difficult to as­ sumer." u from nearly $74.9 m1llion to $33.4 million, sess the quality of drugs available because As a general rule, very few doctors representing a potential savings of $41.5 mil­ experience with a given drug is usua.Ily prescribe generically, even though patients lion or 55.3% at the wholesale level. The limited. could often save a considerable amount of savings to consumers would depend on the Evidence of this problem, according to Dr. money 1f prescriptions were written that markup established by the pharmacist.18 Henry E. Simmons, director of FDA's Bu­ way. According to a spokesman for the Na­ If the retail markup were set so that the reau of Drugs, "ls the fact that some profes­ tional Association of Chain Drug Stores, ph'a.Tmacist would receive the same gross sionals will prescribe the highest-price prod­ "The first place where the consumer should profit on generic prescriptions, the total re­ uct when the same product is being offered receive prescription price information is in tail price for those drugs would drop from at a substantial savings by equally large or the physician's office. The physician should $150 million to $108 million, a savings to experienced firms." Further evidence, he be responisble for informing his patient of elderly consumers of $41.5 million or 27.7% added, ls that doctors often are unaware that the general price range and generic names on the 63 drug products most frequently dis· their patients are "paying a higher price for of the drugs he has prescribed." pensed and available generically.17 (See Ap­ a brand name drug when the same drug Through their concentrated advertising to pendix 12 for a generic vs. brand price com­ manufacturer offers the same drug at a lower physicians and pharmacists, pharmaceutical parison of 63 ot those drugs.) price generically. manufacturers have successfully implanted The American population as a whole spent "Some seem to mistakenly think that 'big the notion that brand name means quality. $4.4 billion on prescription drugs ($20.89 per manufacturer' or 'brand name' is good, while Although the trend in recent years has been capita) at retail outlets, according to HEW; 'smaller manufacturer' or 'generic name' is of toward an increasing number of genertcally­ Product Management magazine put the fig­ necessity bad. This impression is just not written prescriptions, an estimated 90 % ot ure at $5 blllion for 1971. Just a decade ear­ borne out by the facts today." [Emphasis prescriptions written today specify a trade­ lier, Americans spent only $2.2 bilUon ($12.05 added] o marked drug product. per ca.pita) on prescription drugs and 1n 1950 From a pharmacological perspective, the With a growing number of major drug the figure was $1 bllllon ($6.74 each) .18 inert ingredients which go into the finished manufacturers marketing their own so-called In an attempt to fac111tate generic pre­ product may or may not effect the perform­ generic lines, it is interesting to note the scribing and dispensing, Massachusetts ance of the drug (although they are not sup­ position of the Pharmaceutical Manufac­ adopted a Formulary Act in 1970 which re­ posed to) . According to the brand name ad­ turers Asssociation, as stated by its Presi­ quires that all prescriptions written for vocates, the inactive ingredients in a drug dent, C. Joseph Stetler: "We do not claim brand name drugs include the generic name compound do make a difference. Dr. Alfred that the eXistence of a trademarked name as well, if available.19 If the prescription Gilman, a pharmacologist, remarked in 1967 gives assurance of superior quality, nor do fa.Us to list the generic equivalent, it becomes in a letter to Senator Russell B. Long, chair­ we contend that a drug product which hap­ an illegal prescription, one which technically man of the Senate Finance Committee, that should not be filled by a pharmacist. Under he was "appalled by statements which im­ pens to be sold under the official name of its active ingredient is automatically suspected this act, physicians may prescribe formulary plied that cheaper marketed generic drugs drugs by generic name only or by brand are equivalent merely because of chemical of poor quality. Since the majorRfOf such generically labeled products are made name and generic name. If a doctor insists analysis." on a particular brand name drug, he can Th.ls argument may be shown to be tenu­ by PMA firms, it is obvious that we would not take such a position." In response to a include on the prescription the phrase, "no ous in the face of contradictory testimony substitutes" or ''brand only" or add the name from experts who believe that the factors of question concerning the rising competition dissolution and release of medication are of between generic drug houses and brand of the manufacturer. little consequence in the performance of a manufacturers, he answered, "We do not Dr. Richard Burach, chairman of the Mas­ drug. contend that there ls a considerable differ ­ sachusetts Drug Formulary Commission William Apple, executive director of the ence among manufacturers in the degree stat ed, "The Formulary Commission urges American Pharmaceutical Association, stated of skill and devotion to consistent built-in physicians not to use this alternate mecha­ in testimony before the Senate Finance quality, and we do contend that prescribers nism indiscriminat ely . . .. It is the re.spon­ Commit tee in 1967: "Authorities in the and dispensers should have knowledge of slbllity of the physician to be certain that a medical and pharmaceutical sciences seem and confidence in the sources of the drugs clinical impression that he may have of the Footnotes at end. of article. they choose. As for the new kind of com- superiority of any brand name drug over its 17476 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1975 generic counterpart ts substantiated by fac­ have performed admirably under combat with a total of 13,000 workers. Now one plant tual, clinical evidence that is current and conditions and have met the challenges is closed and employment at the other is authoritative."• asked of them. At this time, Boeing is down to a.bout 5,000. Some physicians, especially those in group But Boeing has ma.de the switch from practices, are beginning to use prescription proposing to use the same brains that swords to plowshares----or, more accurately, blanks that call for generic filllng unless engineered these helicopters for solving from helicopters to transit vehicles. The re­ specified otherwise. Group Health Associa­ our mass transportation problems. maining plant has assembly lines for both. tion (GHA) of Washington, D.C., uses pre­ Specifically, Boeing has invested heav­ Hundreds of additional workers are to be scription blanks which permit the physician ily in building streetcars, a commodity hired in months ahead for transit car as­ to check a box specifying: "Dispense any which has not been produced in this sembly. manufacturer's product of same established country since 1952. I see this manage­ Two Boeing prototypes of new transit ca.rs name" or "Dispense specified brand only." adaptable for both subway and surface use, The action ta.ken in Massachusetts and by ment decision by Boeing as an imPortant developed with a federal subsidy, were tested GHA is exemplary and is a. move in a posi­ indication of a trend toward more sen­ in the Broaid Street Subway recently and are tive direction to help consumers know more sitivity to our problems here at home. It being g1 ven similar demonstration runs in a.bout their drug costs. Although drug sub­ is encouraging to me that Boeing has other cities. Boeing has just turned out the stitution by itself is no panacea. it can result taken the lead in this area, and I hope first trolley car built in the United States in significant dollar savings for consumers. other companies in similar circum­ in 23 years. lit is gea.ring up a versaitile pro­ FOOTNOTES stances will be motivated to invest in duction capacity for trolley, subway and 1 high-speed line ca.rs. It has transit car orders Prescription Drug Data Summary, 1971, peace instead of war. For too many years totaling 175 from Boston and 100 from San U.S. Department of Health, Education and we have stressed external defense such Francisco, and is negotiating to build 200 Welfare, Washington, D.C., 1971, pp. 29-30. as bombs and bullets. It is time we stop 2 for Chica.go. American Druggist, May 29, 1972, p. 17. neglecting our "internal defense" of The City of Philadelphia., which owns the a Prescription Drug Data Summary, 1972, housing, education, medical care, and SEPTA-operated Broad Street Subway, ts Department of HEW, Washington, D.C., Ta­ planning to buy 100 new subway ca.rs. SEPTA ble IV-2, p. 27. transportation. Mr. Speaker, at" this point, I wish to in­ is in the market for new trolley cars. Po­ ' Ibid., Taible IV-1, p. 26. tential advantages of a joint order with the & The Drug Makers and the Drug Distribu­ sert in the RECORD an editorial of the Port Authority should not be overlooked. tors, HEW, December 1968, p. 80. Philadelphia Inquirer on the efforts of Engineering and tooling expenses to set e Ibid., p. 67. the Boeing Co.: up assembly line for only 44 transit 7 an cars This is NPC, pamphlet published by Na­ [From the Philadelphia Inquirer, May 31, would make the unit cost quite high. It tional Pharmaceutical Council, Inc., Wash­ 1975] could be lowered with a larger order. ington, D.C. BOEING COULD S'ET THE PACE REVIVE It is remarkable that auto manufacturers 8 Also known as the United States Adopted To TRANSIT INDUSTRY have not led the way with innovative shifts Name (USAN) because it is officially adopted in production capacity to mass transit, but by the Secretary of Health, Education and With national unemployment at its high­ est level since the Great Depression of the Boeing has maide a successful transition o.nd Welfare on the aidvice of the USAN Council, we wish it well in what should be a growth a coordinating group composed of representa­ 1930s, and with soaring energy costs focus­ industry. tives from the American Medical Associa­ ing new attention on the need to expand tion, the U.S. Pha.rma.copeia, the American mass transit, it might be assumed that the Pharmaceutical Association, as publisher of Delaware River Port Authority would have the National Formulary, and the Food and no trouble acquiring 44 new cars for the SOLZHENITSYN SPEAKS OUT-II Drug Administration. Lindenwold High Speed Line with delivery 9 American Druggist, November 27, 1972, to begin in 1977. pp. 24-25. But it is having trouble, and therein lies HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK 10 Report of Committee on Government a story of mixed-up transportation priori­ OF OHIO Operations, Intergovernmental Relations ties in America. A nation that can produce IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Subcommittee. "Regulation of Rx Drug Ad­ 10 million automobiles a. year has permitted vertising," December 10, 1970, p. 16. its transit manufacturing industry to dwin­ Thursday, June 5, 1975 u Ibid., p. 2. dle during prolonged disuse. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Alex­ u Drug Trade News, Vol. 47, No. 15, July The General Electric Company's rail car andr Solzhenitsyn has spoken some of 24, 1972. Medical Econ. Co., Ora.dell, New division in Erie has notified the Port Au­ thority that it couldn't start delivery before the harsh truths about the Soviet Union Jersey. and socialism that need to be heard in 1a The Drug Users, Task Force on Prescrip­ late 1978 at the earliest. It is working on a tion Drugs, Background Papers, Health, Edu­ big stack of orders-including two from what remains of the free world. cation, and Welfare, October 1, 1968, pp. 81- SEPTA totaling 214 railroad commuter cars. In a press conference that has received 82. Indeed, the outlook for the Port Authority little attention in the United States, u Final Report, HEW Task Force on Pre­ is so bleak that it is even considering going Solzhenitsyn has stated- t>cription Drugs, p. 1. a.broad to fill transit car needs. That should There can be no moral. form of socialism 16 Prescription Drug Data Summary 1972, not be necessary. Relying on foreign transit • • . ethical principles not only are not in­ Department of HEW, Social Security Admin­ companies for cars and parts surely can be herent in socialism, but are opposed to it. istration Office of Research and Statistics, a.voided--considering this country's under­ pp. 6-7. utilized industrial capacity and large pool of On the Soviet Union, he states- 1e The Drug Users, op. cit., p. 36. job-seekers. The Soviet regime is part o! the order of 11 Ibid., p. 83. In the heyday of street cars the Brill Com­ totalitarian ideological systems . . . These is Prescription Drug Data Summary 1971, pany in Philadelphia. was a leader in the systems annihilate people in vast numbers, op. cit., pp. 4-5. field, but ceased production decades ago. So and they destroy our souls as well. They lll Massachusetts General Laws Annotated, did the American Car and Foundry Company, aim at the subjugation of the soul as well Chapter 17, Section 13, and Chapter 112 Sec­ another major producer of transit vehicles as of the body. tion 12D; Chapter 717 Massachusetts for many yea.rs. The St. Louis Car Company, Statutes 1970. which built some of the early silverliners Due to the importance of Solzhenit­ 20 "Drug Substitution Approved by AMA," still operating on Philadelphia. area com­ syn's comments and the lack of exposure Article in Drug Trade News, July 12, 1971, muter ra.ll lines, dropped out of the field that these particular comments have re­ p. 2 . for lack of orders. The Budd Company in ceived in the West, I include in the REC­ Philadelphia., another major producer of sil­ verliners for this area, still makes railroad ORD the second half of Solzhenitsyn's cars pulled by locomotives-but not self­ press conference in Stockholm: BOEING-VERTOL PREPARED FOR propelled cars. [From the National Review, June 6, 1975] THE CHALLENGES OF PEACE Companies still in the transit business SOLZHENITSYN PRESS CONFERENCE---8ECOND are much sought after. Pullman Standard HALF in Illinois ls producing subway cars for New Q: What role can Western radio broadcasts HON.ROBERT W. EDGAR York. The Rohr Company, with plants in in Russian play in aiding dissenters? How, California and Georgia, is supplying ca.rs for and OF PENNSYLVANIA in word deed, can one help victims of Bay Area. Rapid Transit in San Francisco and Soviet persecution? What opposition forces IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the Washington subway system now un­ exist in the USSR and what are their chances Thursday, June 5, 1975 der construction. of changing the system in the near future? All of which may spell opportunity for A: In the Soviet Union we find great sup­ Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, the Boeing­ the Boeing Company in suburban Delaware port in every word that is broadcast from Vertol Co. in my congressional district County. At the height of the Vietnam War the West in Russian, and in every item that has been among the Nation's leaders in Boeing was Delaware County's largest em­ appears in the Western press. The problem producing helicopters. These helicopters ployes, building helicopters in two plants is the need for more inform.a.tion, for, I re- June 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1747.7 peat, we cannot even find out about the We can imagine the tough spot in which all that is finest and highest in humanity, majority of the victims of oppression. Some­ such solitary fools find themselves, when in the human being. But here, since I came times their names a.re known, but the cor­ they could ease their situation by giving the to the West, it is interesting what I have respondent.s get tired of them and begin to necessary evidence to the KGB--and yet noticed ... I have observed this: in our forget. Ogurtsov, for example, was thrown they don't. society the relationships between people-­ into a psychiatric hospital after eight years' Q: Do you plan to live in the West per­ this may surprise you-are warmer, more imprisonment, but everyone got. tired of mantly? sincere, more unselfish than here ... I think talking about him, and the whole world A: No, I do not. I live in constant aware­ this is partly because everyone in the West knows that he is being destroyed. Some of ness of my desire to return to Russia, and I is free to arrange his own life. And, with the Ukrainia.n&-Ka.ravansky, Shukhevych, know that I will go back. Here we have a. the decline of religious principles on which Sverstyuk, and many others--have been im­ constant feeling of nostalgia, of not belong­ Western society was founded, this leads to prisoned for close to 25 years. Now Oslpov ing, and we are conscious of the violence that intensified activity by each person on his has been arrested for trying to publish a has been done to us. Even my little boys are own behalf. Western man is placed in a legal magazine that does not oppose the beginning to understand this in their young troubling environment.... In their tense government. H1s friend Borodin immediately minds. · struggle and competition people sometimes gave an interview on the subject of these Q: What do you consider to be your greatest busy themselves too much with material persecutions but the news agency was not accomplishment since you came to the West? matters, think too much a.bout their narrow interested. A: I consider my main accomplishment to interests rather than about everybody, about There is a dangerous tendency to cover up have been my success in working and writ­ society.•.. problems of life and death inside the Soviet ing despite interference from all the people There exists a general superficial polite­ Union by overplaying the emigration issue. who wanted to see me or correspond with me. ness, a high courtesy, but underneath that Emigration will go on; the Soviets wlli even When I was in the Soviet Union I was in courtesy there is often, though not always, expel people by force. As a consequence of great danger, and only my close friends came a marked dryness. But in our society the this, Russian culture is in the process of emi­ to see me. Here they come out of plain curi­ situation is like this. You can't strike. You grating. My friend Shafa.revich spoke about osity, not writing or dropping in, but just can't get a pay raise, even if you smash your this at his press conference in Moscow last hanging around out in the street. In practice, head against the wall. Man's role in his own November. This was done in an attempt to this is how things are in my family: we have life is small. There are fewer opportunities stop the Russian cultural exodus, since no time to open all the correspondence and by far, and there is not this apprehension genuine Russian cultural development can sort it out, to see who is writing and about that if you are less active you wlli miss out only take place at home, on Russian soil. what. Even if I stopped all other work. I on something. Somehow life goes on over Those who leave may try to participate in it, couldn't handle all the mail. your head, and you can even shut yourself may make their contribution, but the true Not to speak of books! At first they sent off from it halfway. And this creates a space fate of Russian culture will nonetheless be me books by the hundreds, then by the of time and soul for other kinds of non­ decided in our homeland. dozens. And a letter along with each book. material concerns. I think that the Soviet authorities will not Books in all sorts of foreign languages. I Q: How do you feel about translators? rid themselves of dissidents by means of only read in two languages. If I began to A: That is one of my main concerns in compulsory emigration, and they w1l1 not read all those books I would drown-there's the West. Some of the translations of my solve this problem in a. way that ls to their a huge, huge mountain of them in my house, books are terrible; sometimes no good trans­ advantage. And as to how the social situa­ spread all over the place. lators are available, or the translator is tion in the Soviet Union can be changed, Q: Why do you isolate yourself in Zurich? underpaid. . . . In the USSR, creative free­ there are, of course, various opinions. I con­ Why do you keep the door shut, why don't dom is crushed to the point where all of the sider the most promising possiblllty to be a you answer the bell or the telephone? better writers have gone into translating. moral revolution, which I have spoken a.bout. A: ... Self-defense. If I want to remain This translation work, furthermore, is well Here a correspondent has an objection: a writer I can not devote my life to social­ paid. Tha.-t is why there a.re no better trans­ "This method ls not understood in the West." izing and correspondence. When I first came lations in the world than those made from In my opinion, the age of violent revolutions here I was even approached by agents pro­ Western languages into the languages of the has come to an end throughout the world. vocateurs from the KGB. But the majority Soviet Union. Here, however, the publisher Physically violent revolutions have never were honest people, on their way through looks for the cheapest translator. And who solved any problems; they only confused the town or coming especially to see me, to chat works for less money? He who is less good. situation and made it worse. Therefore I for an hour with me. Whoever felt like it Even a good translator is paid so little that regard a moral revolution as a solution, not came barging in-all except the people of he must work fast in order to live. For this only for the East, but for the West as well. Zurich, who respect my privacy. I work 14 reason books written in a poor or average I cannot say anything concrete as to just hours a day, which leaves me no time for style lose almost nothing in translation. But how to apply this concept to the West, but in conversation or letter-writing. In the evening books that are written in an original and "Not to Live a Lie" I have applied it to my I prepare what I will need in the morning. I difficult style lose everything. I am now try­ own country. And I think that if this method read what I have to read. And there is not ing to protect the interests of the trans­ is propagated it will kill ideology in the So­ time, physically, for anything else. lators, by seeing to it that those who trans­ viet Union and thereby change the whole Q: You have utt{>red severe criticism of late my works are better remunerated. situation. the Soviet svstem. What do you find in it Q: To judge by statements in your writ­ Some Italian journalists have asked a.bout that is positive? ings, you adhere to a socialist world view? the book by my first wife, Reshetovskaya, A: Really, in the situation I was in, and A: That is wrong. If you analyze carefully which was published in Italy. I have read for anyone in his own situation, one first what I have written you wlll see that I have the book in Russian, and I can say that it notices and is troubled by the shortcomings no socialist philosophy. It stands to reason is simply not about me. It ls about some of the social system. I would make a dis­ that in the Soviet Union I had to be care­ person whom the KGB has dreamed up in tinction between the svstem and the society. ful and express myself as indirectly as pos­ my stead. This book ls part of the campaign Look, I would liken this to a fraction, with sible. But a.s the years passed and my books against me that was begun after the publi­ the system on top, prec::sing down on the appeared here, the Western press and West­ cation of the Archipelago, somehow to be­ society. It is hard for me to say anything ern critics were eager to see me as a social­ little it, to lessen the significance of the positive about the system. If the system gives ist, to save the socialist idea. . . . There can Archipelago. But it ls surprising how little anything to its citizens, then that is only be no moral form of socialism. As Acade­ the KGB has achieved toward this end. They because it would be ashamed not to. We mecia n Shafarevich clearly shows in his got a school friend to testify against me, have so-called_ free public education and studies, ethical principles not only are not and I know that they are working others over free public health service, but all that is so inherent in socialism, but are opposed to it. to do the same thing. But they have been very bureaucratic, so cramped and of such Q: On occasion you have defended Czarist unsuccessful. For two years they have been poor quality, because the people who work Russia. Do you consider that regime to have pressuring Razhas .Janos to make statements in these systems are so poorly paid. Yes, pub­ been superior to the Soviet system? against me, but without any luck. I men­ lic health is free, but it is set up so that A: In The Gulag Archipelago I made sev­ tion bis name so that it will be known, just from the Kremlin on down every organiza­ eral comparisons between those two regimes, in case. He is a very nice and kind young tion, every one, all the petty Party chiefs ... those two state systems, and in the third Hungarian (not so young any more) who all try to separate their medicine, to be volume this comparison will be continued. was a fellow prisoner in the Special Camp; treated in special fashion. And every person The two systems are not comparable, as they I write about him in the third volume of the who has a chance to be treated privately represent two different orders. The Czarist Archipelago. He lives in the depths of the will try to get private treatment, since the regime belonged to the order of authoritarian Hungarian provinces, where they are trying help he gets from the public health service systems which existed in all countries for to pressure him into providing some kind of is of the worst quality. Not because the doc• many centuries. But the Soviet regime is evidence against me. They first sent my tors are bad, but because they lack fac111ties. pa.rt of the order of totalita.rian ideological former wife to him, then a representative of They must take nine patients an hour, some­ systems which have risen in the twentieth APN (the Agit-Prop Administration) and the times for minor operations or serious exam­ century, bringing unheard-of pressure and KGB, and finally the local cus¥>m.s people inations. But th.e.t ls how it has to be under fear to bear on the individual. These systems were put to work on him. Well, he has still that system, as the system is directed against annihilate people in vast numbers, and they not made any statement. the individual. It is directed a.t cutting down destroy our souls as well. They aim at the 17478 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1975 subjugation of the soul a.s well a.s of the choose, but if we are the victim of similar The Intelligence Digest, published in body. tactics, we will fight. England, declares in its June 1, 1975, edi­ Q: Wha. t a.re your ideas on a. religious re­ Consider also: newal of the contemporary world, Ea.st and We destroyed the delicate internal balance tion that-- West? of Cambodian neutralism when we invaded Moscow is confident that political life in A: I insist that the problems of the West the North Vietnamese supply depots inside Britain has already moved a long distance in a.re not political. They a.re psychological and the Cambodian border. We helped dump the that direction and thiat a "progressive coali­ moral. When dissatisfaction with govern­ neutralist premier and bring a.n American tion" will soon be "consolidated" ... Mos­ ment is expressed, it should be understood puppet, Lon Nol, to power. In so doing, we cow is talking of the growing need and per­ not in terms of political failure but in started a real civil war in Cambodia-a war haps early inevitability of a socio-political terms of weakened religious and ethical which resulted in the eventual capture of transformation as the only means out of the foundations of modern society. Such eco­ Cambodia by the Communists and in which, mess. The specula.tion and prediction there­ nomic problems a.s inflation-not a.s it ex­ published reports indicate, ten per cent of the fore ls of a coalition in Britain of the "So­ isted after the civil war in Russia. or after entire Cambodian population-men, women, cialists" within the Labour Party and avowed the First World War in Germany, when and children-died. That is what we did to Communists-the long awiai•ted unity of true hunger was the issue, but inflation in the Cambodia. left-wing forces and the final ejection of midst of plenty-a.re not economic problems The Cambodian Communists seized an pseudo-left wingers together with all "reac­ but rather psychological and moral. I a.m American merchant vessel off Cambodian tionary forces." convinced that the only salvation for the islands which was said to be in international Ea.st, and also for the West, which is also waters. We reacted with a raid on Cambodian Great Britain has permitted Commu­ in a dangerous situation, lies in a. moral and islands, the destruction of sundry gun boats nist-led labor unions to exert powerful religious rebirth. and bombing attacks on the Cambodian control over large sectors of the economy. I should mention that I disagree with my mainland. We did this not only to rescue the Its welfare-state philosophy has caused good friend Heinrich Boll on many specific crew and the ship, but mainly to demon­ it to adopt the policy of taxing business questions having to do with the contempo­ strate to the world that we are tough and and industry and redistributing wealth rary situa.tion. And on this point our views resolute characters who will stop at nothing across the population spectrum of the differ completely. to redress an insult. To save the crew of 39 Q: In his letter on the occasion of the 26th we lost 16 American fighting men and may country. One result is that the capital anniversary of the Declaration of the Rights have left as many as 13 behind. This adven­ necessary for industrial expansion has of Man, Andrei Sakharov mentions the ethi­ ture is hailed as the greatest victory since been eliminated. Stagnation has rapidly cal aspects of your struggle. May this be World War n and earns the President the ensued. Unfortunately, many in our own regarded as indicating a rapprochement be­ sustained applause of the student body of country view the virtual collapse of Eng­ tween his views and yours? the University of Pennsylvania and the vir­ land not as a warning of what welfare­ A: Andrei Dmitriyevich Sakharov and I tually unanimous admiration of the pundits. statism will produce here, but as a proph­ have much in common. I did not reply to his If sanity is balance, there is no balance ecy and a vision of what they desire. objections to my arguments, as I was waiting here. for From Under the Rubble to appear with Our total defeat in Viet Nam seems to have In a recent commentary on CBS, Eric the basic questions set forth on a. much unhinged our minds. Sevareid discusses the British situation: higher level than was possible for me to do The President tells us we must forgo re­ Their emphasis is on sharing wealth over in my "Letter to the Soviet Leaders." In criminations and that this is no time for a producing wealth, on equality over liberty. Kontinent (No. 2) I have answered Sak­ foreign policy debate. Yet our policy is in The end of this is almost certainly the loss harov's critique. In fact, I have expressed the shambles, our troops lie exposed in Korea in of the wealth and, less certainly, the loss of hope that our views will gradually come an increasingly tense time defend-Ing an in­ the liberties. It is no small matter that the closer together. defensible government of repression in the regime is trying to force all British journal­ Q: Mr. Solzhenitsyn, a.re you a Christian? South and facing a fanatical, repressive and ists, editors included, into one monopoly A: Well, I think that question is even adventurous clique of Red hawks in the union, sure to be dominated by what we call clearer from my books than the one asked North. the radical chic and what they call the here about a socialist world view. Without a foreign policy debate, the de­ trendy left. fense secretary promises war to the Arabs, massive retaliation for the North Koreans Mr. Sevareid concludes that- and smugly celebrates our "victory" over the The powerful Communist influence in THE NEED FOR A RATIONAL Cambod-ians. trade union leadership is no longer dis­ If we are pennitted a simple observation puted. What do they want? Not a. Com­ FOREIGN POLICY on the Viet Nam folly, it might be well to munist Britain in the foreseeable future, note this salient fact: a political leadership, much more likely a chronically weak, HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER even a legitimate and resoundingly elected dispirited Britain, able to play no effective leadership, cannot commit a people to wars role in the world of the alliance. That would OF COLORADO they do not understand against their will. suit very nicely the long-range strategies of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We urgently need a foreign policy debate. the Soviet Union. We also urgently need to conduct that de­ Thursday, June 5, 1975 bate in an atmosphere of reason, reflection Whatever else the Department of Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I and calm. State may think a.bout detente, it is to would like to insert a recent editorial Otherwise, some nut with transient power be hoped that it is under no illusions will stain us before history a.s the greatest that detente involves a lessening of the from the Denver Rocky Mountain Jour­ butchers of the twentieth century, a distinc­ nal which examines our irrationa;l for­ tion for which there are already too many Soviet effort to destroy the W~tem eign policy. crazy contenders. World from within. It is being very suc­ The editorial follows: cessful in this undertaking. Portugal THE NEED FOR A RATIONAL FOREIGN POLICY provides one example. England, unfor­ (By Daniel F. Lynch) tunately, is on its way to providing an­ There is a. serious possibility that the WILL ENGLAND REMAIN FREE? other. United States of America. has gone raving I wish to share with my colleagues mad. the commentary of Eric Sevareid which Consider the following: HON. PHILIP M. CRANE was heard on CBS on May 6, 1975, and Since shortly after the Castro revolution OF ILLINOIS insert the text in the RECORD at this of 1959, we have imposed a boycott on Cuban time: products. We did not simply boycott Cuba IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES [From CBS Evening News with Roger Mudd) ourselves, but through the Organization of Thursday, June 5, 1975 American States, we attempted a genera.I as­ COMMENTARY sault on Cuban exports with the avowed aim Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the current ROGER MUDD. Rapid and drastic political of destroying the Cuban economy and with situation in England is more perilous change is now most noticeable in Southeast it, hopefully, the Castro government. That than many in our own country are a ware. Asia, but it's also occurring in western policy is certainly economic handball. The British economy, after many years Europe and in Britain, which is the subject Last Sunday, James Schlesinger, the Sec­ of the implementation of a welfare state of Erle Sevareid's commentary. retary of Defense, repeated earlier Kissinger philosophy, is bankrupt. Its production ERic SEVAREm. The President will go to and Ford warnings thait if the Arabs initiate Brussels this month to tell the Atlantic allies a. new embargo on oil shipments to the is low, the all-powerful and far left-wing that America's word is still its bond. He will United States and Europe, we may fashion labor unions are in virtual control, and also touch down in Spain, scene of a com­ a Illilitary solution. In other words, we can within the ruling Labour Party itself is ing political transition. He wm not visit embargo when we will, boycott when we feel a faction which fully intends to take Eng­ Portugal, trying to find a new footing after it is in our interest to punish any regime we land out of the Western alliance. a generation of authoritarian rule. And he June 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17479 wlli not visit Britain, our closest ally, always tional Federation of Music Clubs. The for various companies, among them several regarded as the strongest and most reliable. performers, who made this a most suc­ Evenings with Gerschefski for Mark record­ But it's a serious question whether it can ings of Atlanta or Rite Record Productions of be so regarded any longer. cessful evening, included the Fife and Cincinnati. The piece for cellos was written It is not merely that her military strength Drum Corps of the Georgia State Univer­ for the Bicentennial and for his daughter. is ebbing and her economic strength weaken­ sity ROTC Department; Georgia String WALLINGFORD REIGGER, one of America's ing but that Britain is drifting slowly toward Academy Cello Choir; Columbus College most original and pioneering composers, was a condition of ungovernab111ty. It is now a. Faculty Trio; and the Georgia State born in Albany, Georgia, April 29, 1885, and debatable question whether Parliament or University Brass Ensemble. died in 1961. After study at home, he moved the great trade unions are calling the politi­ I wish to share with my colleagues the to New York, studying at the Academy of cal tune. The country, as one English writer program that was presented as well as Musical Art With Percy Goetschius (theory) puts it, is sleep-walking into a. social revolu­ and Alwin Schroeder (cello); then lived in tion, one its majority clearly does not want a few details concerning some of these Berlin, studying and conducting. After his but does not know how to stop. As a rough most talented Georgians. return to America, he taught in several noted analogy, Wilson's government is at the stage [Program] institutions and composed extensively. For of Allende's Chilean government when a. mi­ THE BICENTENNIAL PARADE OF many yea.rs he was not recognized. as the nority tried to force a profound transforma­ AMERICAN MUSIC advanced exponent of electronic music and of tion of society upon the majority-not that Commemorating States' Days in the Na­ original styles, using many pseudonymns for the backlash in Britain need be militaristic, tion's Ca.pita.I; endorsed by the National certain works. He began to receive recogni­ but some kind of backlash is building up, Music Council; ad.ministered by the National tion in 1948, when his Third Symphony was with no certain policy and no certain leader. Federation of Music Clubs. the choice of the New York Music Critics In the last year, the cost of living rose some Circle, and from then on occupied a high­ twenty-one-percent but average wages by IV. GEORGIA ly respected place in American composition, thirty-two-percent, and worker productivity Georgia: The Fourth State to Ratify the and 118 Georgia's outstanding composer. His steadily falls, as does business investment. Constitution, January 2, 1788. conducting, teaching, and performance as The city of London is financially broke. Prop­ Wednesday afternoon, June 4, 1975 at 5:30 cellist rested on a thorough foundation in erty taxes rose by seventy-five-percent in two (The Kennedy Center Concert Hall is made music theory, evident from his earliest days, yea.rs. Thousands of middle-class people move available through a grant from Exxon.) when the Piano Trio played today won the out of the city every year, like New York. Traditional: Georgia Grenadiers, the World Pa.derewski Prize (1922). Written before his Unemployment, Britain's special nightmare, Turned Upside Down, Roslyn Castle, God involvement With atonal music, the Trio is rises steadily, and great corporations a.re in­ Save Great Washington.-Fife and Drum replete with lush harmonies. Riegger com­ solvent, one after another. Corps, Georgia. State University ROTC De­ posed extensively for chamber music com­ Behind all this a.re the doctrinaire social­ partment, Dennis Walters, Drum Major. binations and for the dance, scored for ists, the true believers, for whom the picture Edwin Gerschefski: 200 Years: (1) Minuet various instrumental ensembles. in their heads is more real than the reality for Loya.lists; (2) Lullaby for Orphans. Dr. CHARLES KNox was born in Atlanta., a.round them. One of the troubles With Marx Wallingford Riegger: Introduction and Georgia and has been Head of Theory and was that he lived before Freud; human psy­ Fugue.-Georgia String Academy Cello Composition at Georgia State University in chology was not his strong suit. The social­ Choir, Martha. Gerschefski, Peggy Neuen, Atlanta. since 1964. His graduate and under­ ists persist in thinking that a worker in a Directors. graduate studies were at Indiana. University nationalized factory will feel he owns it and Wallingford Riegger: Pia.no Trio No. 1 in in Bloomington. He has written numerous will joyously work the harder. The opposite B minor; Allegro mod.era.to; La.rghetto mis­ works, primarily for chorus and for winds. happens, for everybody's property is nobody's terioso; Allegro.--Columbus College Faculty This will be the first Washington, D.C. per­ property and is so treated. Trio: Dr. Andrew Ga.los, Violin; Rexford formance of his Quintet for Brass Quintet. Their emphasis is on sharing wealth over Whiddon, Piano; Marcia. Riley, Celw. The CELLO CHom from the Georgia. String producing wealth, on equality over liberty. Charles Knox: Music for Brass Quintet; Academy in Atlanta consists of 18 cellos, a The end of this is almost certainly the loss Allegro; Madera.to; Allegro.--Christopher segment of the student body which also in­ of the wealth and, less certainly, the loss of Horton, Trumpet; Wallace Hamburg, Trum­ cludes personnel for a full symphony orches­ the llberties. It is no small matter that the pet; Ha.I Louvorn, Horn; Robert Scarr, tra. Peggy Neuen, conductor, and Martha regime is trying to force all British journal­ Trombone; Jerome Koeltz, Tuba; The Geor­ Gerschefski, cellist, a.re co-directors, Ms. ists, editors included, into one monopoly gia. State University Brass Ensemble, William Neuen is proficient both in viola and voice, union, sure to be dominated by what we call H. Hill, Conductor. and has conducted and taught at several the radical chic and what they call the Coordinator for Georgia. Bicentennial Pro­ noted institutions, including the Atlanta trendy left. gram: Dr. Katherine H. Mahan, musicologist, School system. She now conducts the Acad­ The powerful Communist influence in professor of American Music at Columbus emy Orchestra. Ms. Gerschefski is one of trade union leadership is no longer disputed. College, Southeastern regional vice-chairman five children of Edwin Gerschefski, and has What do they want? Not a Communist Brit­ for American Music of National Federation studied and performed since early childhood. ain in the foreseeable future, much more of Music Clubs. She was the first woman selected by Leopold likely a chronically weak, dispirited. Britain, EowIN GERSCHEFSKI, who headed the De­ Stokowski for his American Symphony Or­ able to play no effective role in the world or partment of Music at the University of chestra, where she played assistant principal the alliance. That would suit very nicely the Georgia from 1960-1972, became a. professor cellist for two years. She then studied in long-range strategies of the Soviet Union. With research in musical composition in Paris and on full scholarship at the Acca­ 1972 and has been very active in Georgia's demia. Musicale Chigiana in Siena. She has musical 11fe. ms long and distinguished been the recipient of a Martha Baird Rocke­ career has included numerous offices in ed­ feller grant and the Brevard Music Center BICENTENNIAL PARADE OF ucational organizations, as well as With com­ Distinguished Alumni Award, and has con­ AMERICAN MUSIC-IV position and recording institutions, the la.test certized ln this country as well as Europe. being Regional Chairman of the National As­ The COLUMBUS COLLEGE FACULTY TRIO has sociation of Schools of Music and a member worked as an ensemble for four years and HON. JACK BRINKLEY of the Board of Directors. He has taught in toured extensively in the South. All the OF GEORGIA New York City, Spartanburg, S.C., in North members are graduates of New York schools: Dr. Andrew Galos, violin, of Columbia Uni­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Carolina and New Mexico, conducted sym­ posia on contemporary composition, and versity; Rexford Whiddon, piano, of Eastman Thursday, June 5, 1975 written or been the subject of numerous arti­ School of Music; Marcia Riley, cello, of the cles, radio and television programs. More Jullliard School. Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, last eve­ than two dozen awards, grants, scholarships The GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY BRASS EN­ ning a truly memorable program of and other honors include several from Eng­ SEMBLE was organized in 1958 by William music was presented in the Concert Hall land: recipient of the Gold Medal of the Hill and has provided the leading stimulus of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Arnold Bax Society, 1963, Video tape reoord­ in the Southeastern United St.ates for the Performing Arts. This was the great ing of his Border Raid accepted by Her performance and composition of music for State of Georgia's-the fourth State to Royal Majesty, Queen Elizabeth, 1966. He brass instruments. The Ensemble is well ratify the Constitution on January 2, received a citation for "distinguished service known to music educators and composers 1788-evening for the Bicentennial to the art and profession of music" from the throughout the country. Activities of the Alumni Association of the School of Music, Ensemble include a State Department tour Parade of American Music. This out­ Yale University, in 1968, and was cited by of Asia; performances at several national standing program was coordinated by my Governor Carter in 1973 for his career as music conventions; guest performances at good friend and fellow Columbusite, Dr. noted composer and performer. Mr. Gerschef­ the first annual Brass Symposium at Yale Katherine H. Mahan, musicologist, pro­ ski's compositions, 1n most instrumental University; and the Annual Symposium of fessor of American music at Columbus forms and for voice and chorus, have been Contemporary Music for Brass at Georgia. College and southeastern regional vice published. by eight firms. He has also writ­ State University, now in its twelfth year. chairman for American music of Na- ten film scores and made many recordings (Almost 400 new works for brass have been 17480 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1975 presented at the Symposia; a substantial ernment, I believe that congressional ap­ and act with reasonable speed to grant portion of these works has been composed proval of legislation to rectify this situa­ the people of Guam their inherent polit­ specifically for this event.) tion is long overdue, and the resolution ical rights as Americans and to resolve I have introduced today provides the the longstanding problem of Federal- _ appropriate mechanism whereby Con­ territorial relationships. gress may formally recognize Guam's po­ The resolution follows: INTRODUCTION OF GUAM CON­ litical maturity and thus grant the H.J. RES. 489 STITUTION LEGISLATION people of Guam the local self-determina­ tion which is so much a part of our Joint resolution to establish the Commission on the Political Status of Guam, to study American tradition. Guamanians, like and recommend changes in the Guam Or­ HON. ANTONIO BORJA WON PAT their fellow Americans on the mainland, ganic Act and the political status of Guam. are realistic enough to aspire for a status OF GUAM and for other purposes which they can realistically support. And Whereas August 1, 1975, will mark the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the enactment of this resolution, Mr. 25th anniversary of the Organic Act of Guam Thursday, June 5, 1975 Speaker, will in no way be construed as a (Public Law 81-630), which conferred desire on the part of the people of Guam United States citizenship on the people of Mr. WON PAT. Mr. Speaker, today I Guam; and have the great privilege of introducing for a status other than local home rule. Guam's political status with the United Whereas the people of Guam have repeat­ legislation whose goal is the establish­ edly demonstrated their pride and devotion ment of a new political order for the peo­ States is a matter of great concern to my to the United States, during World War II, ple of Guam and for related purposes. constituents and me. At present, Guam and more recently 1n Vietnam, where The joint resolution I herewith present is an organized but unincorporated Guamanians suffered more casualties on a to the Congress for consideration calls American territory. Thus, we are united per capita basis than any other community for the creation of a Commission on the by virtue of treaty, friendship, common 1n the United States; and interests, and citizenship, but denied Whereas Guam became an American Terri­ Political Status of Guam to review the membership in the American body poli­ tory when it was ceded to the United States relationship between the Federal Gov­ tic. That the people of Guam desire even pursuant to the terms of the Treaty of Paris ernment and the people of Guam with of December 19, 1898, which provided in t11e view toward recommending to the closer ties with this great country can Article IX that the political status of Guam Congress the most appropriate status for never be questioned. Our loyalty, sacri­ shall be determined by the Congress of the the territory. This Commission, to be fices, and steadfast support of U.S. in­ United States; and terests in the Pacific speak for them­ Whereas during the last 25 years since the comprised of elected officials of both the selves. enactment of the Organic Act the people Federal and Guam government, would be Immense vagaries exist, however, in of Guam and their elected officials have vested with the responsibility of making official U.S. attitudes toward its terri­ gained a high degree of sophistication and recommendations for changes in the tories. The inconsistencies and often a maturity regarding the American system of Guam Organic Act and of reviewing al­ lack of well-defined policy about terri­ Government, as evidenced by the establish­ ternative statuses for the territory. ment by the U.S. Congress of an elected Gov­ The people of Guam have repeatedly torial matters have led to numerous com­ ernorship and the elected position of Dele­ plications on the legal front and frustra­ gate to the House of Representatives; and demonstrated their pride and devotion to tion on the local level. What we clearly Whereas it is now timely and fitting that. the United States. In tum, the United need in 1975 is an end to these practices Congress, in commemoration of the 25th States has expressed its faith and confi­ and the establishment of a clear-cut stat­ anniversary of the Organic Act, recognize the dence in the people of Guam by the en­ us for Guam. achievements, loyalty, and aspirations of the actment of the Guam Organic Act and In this regard, I called in 1972 for Americans of Guam, by according them the the subsequent passage of a Guam­ right to draft their own political charter, Guam to give its consideration to a com­ such charter to be consistent with the pro­ elected Governor bill and legislation monwealth status with the United States. providing for an elected delegate from visions of the U.S. Constitution. I continue to believe that common­ Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Sen­ Guam to the House of Representatives. wealth status is the most acceptable al­ ate and House of Representatives of the Now on the 25th anniversary of the ternative for Guam. It is one that will United States of America in Congress as­ Guam 'Organic Act, which provided for also improve and strengthen our ties sembled; That there is hereby created a. the establishment of a territorial civil with the Fede:-al Government. Commission on the Political Status of Guam,. government and conferred American which is directed to conduct a complete eval­ Finally, I anticipate that a Federal uation of the Organic Act of Guam (P.L. 81- citizenship on the people of Guam, it is Territorial Relations Act for Guam will proper that Guam's progress and ex­ 630), study and report on any possible also resolve a number of longstanding changes in that Act which should be made perience in home rule be strengthened inequities in existing laws which now ex­ in order to achieve a more relevant Federal by the granting of additional local clude the territory. As Guam's congres­ Territorial Relations Act for Guam, and re­ autonomy. sional delegate and in my previous role port to Congress what political status would A seven-member panel envisioned un­ as the island's Washington representa­ be most appropriate for Guam. der this resolution is to be composed of tive, the amendment of existing or pro­ SEc. 2. The Commission shall be composed the chairman of the House Subcommit­ of seven members, one of whom shall be posed legislation so as to provide for in­ elected Chairman by the Commission mem­ tee on Territories and one member ap­ clusion of the territory has been my bership. The Commission membership shall pointed by each of the fallowing: the principal duty. The job remains far from consist of the Chairman of the Subcom­ Speaker of the House, the President of complete, however. All too often, Guam mittee on Territories of the House of Repre­ the Senate, and the chairman of the Sen­ and its sister territories are simply left sentatives and one member appointed by ate Interior Committee. Additional rep­ out of measures because no sound policy each of the following: the Speaker of the resentatives shall each be appointed by on such matters exists. House of Representatives, the President or the President of the United States, the the Senate, the Chairman of the Senate In­ The American people are preparing to terior and Insular Affairs Committee, the­ Governor of Guam, and the Speaker of celebrate the 200th anniversary of their President of the United States, the Gover­ the Guam Legislature. founding charter. It is only fitting that nor of Guam, and the Speaker of the Guam Since the enactment of the Guam Or­ a new chapter in our great democratic Legislature. ganic Act 25 years ago in 1960, it has tradition be written to include the res­ SEC. 3. The Commission may hold hearings been amended from time to time and idents of Guam. During my years of ser­ anywhere in the United States or the Terri­ while these changes authorized by the vice in Washington, I have come to re­ tory of Guam it deems appropriate. By sub­ Congress have often proved to be of spect and cherish the dedication of the poena, under written signature of the Chair­ enormous consequence to the territory, Congress to our democratic principles of man, 1t may require the attendance and testi­ there remain a number of unresolved mony of Witnesses, and the production of government. We on Guam ask only that any papers, documents, letters, memoranda, problems. Many provisions of the orig­ we be provided the opportunity to share books, or other written materials it deems inal act were designed to provide Fed­ equally in these principles. It is a right necessary. eral oversight, but these are now irrele­ we r .ave earned. And it is a right which SEc. 4. The Commission may spend any vant and cumbersome. In light of our we as Americans deserve. I trust that my funds it deems necessary to accomplish the: demonstrated capabilities for self-gov- colleagues in the Congress will concur purposes of this Act.