2408. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1976 company wlll recover the additional costs .. (c) For purposes of this section: or who 1s entitled to benefits based on the for natural gas incurred by such company "(1) The term "local natural gas com­ attainment of a spec1fled age under title II as a. resul·t of increases in the price such pany• means any person (including any gov­ of the Social. Security Act. company pays for new natural gas and that ernmental entity) which purchases na.tural .. (3) The term •regulatory authority' the rates and and charges applicable to other tneans a State regulatory authority or a Fed­ classes of users of natural gas suppUed by ga.s from a natural gas company for trans­ eral regulatory authority. The Commission such company cannot reasonably be in­ portation, local distribution, and resale of shall be deemed to be the regulatory au­ creased to cover the full amount of such ad­ natural ga.s users. Such term does not in­ thority for purposes of subsection (b) if a ditional costs for new natural ga.s incurred clude a natura.l ga.s company. State agency or a Federal agency which 1s a by such local natural ga.s company a.fter the "(2) The term •senior citizen' means an local natural gas company has ratemaking effective date of this section. individual who is 65 yeaN of age or older authority with respect to its own rates."

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS PHILIP CAPUTO NIGHT and brutish of assignments in this cen­ During the past several years, the title tury's growing list of miniconfllcts." At VII program has grown in popularity. least 5 journalists have been killed and The elderly nutrition program, that I HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO nearly 2 dozen wounded. sponsored in the House, is designed to OJ' ILLINOIS Prior to the October attack on him, provide high quality nutrition services to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Caputo had been captured by Arab our Nation's senior citizens. Program Tuesday, February 3, 1976 guerrillas and held 1 week in a prison funds are used to bring aged people out of camp. His account of that, "Prisoner of their social isolation into a group setting Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, this Friday, Fedayeen," won bim the runner-up cita­ where hot, nutritious meals, recreational February 6, will be Phfiip Caputo Night tion for the Overseas Press Club's George services, and counseling are available to at the Union League Club in Chicago. Polk Award, given for "the best report­ them. As a result, the program caters to Mr. Caputo, an award-winning Chicago ing from abroad in any media, requiring elderly people's most important social Tribune foreign correspondent, Js being exceptional courage and enterprise." and health needs. honored for fine news reporting in a In 1973 he won the Tribune's highest In addition to the services I have combat situation. editorial award, the Edward Scott Beck just mentioned, the elderly nutrition I think special note should be taken Award. He was cited for hJs reporting program provides meals-on-wheels to of this man's exceptional courage and of the Yom Kippur war in the Middle people who are ill or incapacitated. news b91Ckground not only because he Js East, his vivid accounts of the Palestinian These people are the ones who are most deserving of such praise and recognition, guerrillas and on-the-scene reports from in need of program assistance because but because his story should be told as Italy, Greece, and Spain. He was the first they frequently have limited capacities to a tribute to all those correspondents who reporter to reach the banks of the Suez purchase and prepare foods necessary to face the enormous difficulties involved in after the Yom Kippur war began. sustain their health. covering a war. A 1964 graduate of Loyola University, Since this program caters to the most Journalists on such a dangerous pro­ Caputo became a general assignment re­ important needs of the aged, it has be­ fessional mission, as Mr. Caputo most re­ porter for the Tribune in 1969, after come a very popular Federal effort. Con­ cently was in Lebanon, could be pardoned working on ~The Trib," its suburban in­ sequently, many senior citizen centers, for occasionally permitting a lapse in the sert. In 1971 he was assigned to the Trib­ churches, and other sponsoring organiza­ flow of news while they "rest up." But une's investigative task force and in tions have applied for title VII funds and this does not happen. The journalistic 1973 this group won a Pulitzer Prize for vast numbers of elderly people have integrity of the men and women with­ reporting of a local fraud. sought program assistance. stands the morta~ and the harassment. He served with the Marines in the Far Unfortunately, many of the centers They manage to convey accurate infor­ East, 1964-67, and was among the first and people that have applied for aid mation and analysis to readers. We take marines to go ashore in South Vietnam have been turned down, or placed on for granted that, m the face of horrify­ in 1965. It is the Marine Corps Combat waiting lists, due to a lack of funds. It ing, inhumane, and mindless violence, Correspondents Association, Jim Hurl­ is this problem that the Labor-HEW ap­ the correspondent will remain strong, but Midwest Chapter, that is sponsoring propriations bill seeks to remedy. calm, and analytical. Sitting home com­ ,..Philip Caputo Night!' Under the vetoed bill, we appropriate fortably reading our newspaper, we can­ Mr. Caputo is home recuperating now, $125 mlllion for the title VII program. not relate to, nor understand, the frus­ writing a book and planning to return to We, also, adopt a provision that was ini­ tration-hazardous conditions, censor­ work in the spring. I know my colleagues tiated in the Senate: We require the ship and poor communication lines. But, join with me in commending him for his Secretary of HEW to spend $187.5 mil­ as Mr. Caputo's personal suffering re­ courage and fine reporting and in wish­ lion for the program during fiscal year veals, it is a challenging, gruesome and ing him a speedy recovery. 1976, ending June 30, 1976. By requir­ dangerous undertaking. ing that the ''level of operations" for On October 26, 1975, Mr. Caputo, the H.R. 8069-LABOR-HEW APPROPRIA­ the title VII program be established at Tribune's Middle East correspondent, was TIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1976 $187.5 million, we call upon the HEW shot in both feet by leftist gunmen. The Secretary to adjust the program's an­ incident occurred during fighting be­ nualized rate of expenditure right away tween Christian and Moslem forces. The HON. CLAUDE PEPPER to an amount that will cause $187.5 mil­ gunmen deliberately opened fire on him OF FLORIDA lion to be spent by local feeding pro­ as he walked along a Beirut street, after IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grams during the July 1, 1975, to June filing a news story. He was taken to a Tuesday, January 27, 1976 30, 1976, fiscal year. Moreover, the rate hospital in the war zone, itself under of expenditure should be readjusted attack, and finally he had to be evacu­ Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, I was again, if necessary, to make sure that ated in the American Ambassador's lim­ pleased that both the House and the the $187.5 million is spent, and funds ousine through a hail of bullets. He was Senate overrode the President's veto of should be repositioned from one State to flown to the United States with his wife the Labor-HEW appropriations bill Jill and their two sons, Jeffrey and Mark. which affects the lives, the health, and another to make sure that this expendi­ So mindless has become the violence the happiness of millions of Americans. ture directive is fulfilled. of this war in Lebanon that Jonathan I strongly supported the override, and I The expenditure of $187.5 million Randal, the Washington Post corre­ want to call my colleagues' particular at­ will be accomplished by using $62.5 mil­ spondent there, points out that it is tention to the extraordinary importance lion of the funds carried over from pre­ judged by the relative handful of men of this bill to the continuing success of vious fiscal years. The $62.5 million in and women reporters, who lasted most the nutrition program for the elderly carry-over funds, plus the $125 million of the 9 months course of it, as "one that was established under title VII of in the appropriations btll, will provide of the moot dangerous, least rewarding, the Older Americans Act. the Secretary of HEW with the neces- February 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2409 sary funds to comply with the $187.5 Th.a.t lopsided result makes manifest the A DARING APPEAL FOR BASIC FREE­ million spending mandate. weakness. indeed. absurdity, of the case for DOMS BY PROMINENT POLISH I hope that this fiscal bnprovement covert American intervention ln Angola.. Bu\ INTELLECTUALS U the Acimlmstration ha4 tts wa.y abouc the in the elderly feeding program wm per­ rules, there would have been no such resull. mit us to serve many of the applicants There would have been no vote. and no de­ who have either been rejected or placed bate, because the adventure in Angola would HON. JAMES G. O'HARA on waiting lists for title VII aid. I com­ have been a secret. OF MICHIGAN mend the members of the respective It is fun to denounce leaks, and often Appropriations Committees in the House politically useful. President Nixon and his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Senate for their work on this bUL lawyers used to deplore leaks when they Tuesday. February 3, 1976 They can take pride. as I do, in this very wanted to distract attention from what had been disclosed-his abuses. Simllarly now the Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, in the drab important Improvement in our senior White House .and the C.I.A.'s ex-director, dictatorships of Eastern Europe, life citizens' nutrition program. Mr. Colby, found it easter to attack the tea.k­ goes on, discipline prevails, work norms lng of the House Intelligence Committee are met, yet human dignity suffers, and report than to deal meaningfullf with its all findings. of it goes relatively unnoticed. SEE NO EVIL Of course there can. be irresponsible leaks, From time to time, however, some and unla.wful ones. But ln our system dis· dramatic event focuses Western atten­ closure can also be the last resort against tion on the tragedy of people denied HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON abuse of power. Secrecy insulates authority. elementary liberties by Communist to~ OJ' MASSACHUSETl'S America.n.a should never forget that omclals talitarian regimes imposed upon an un ~ who deuumd secrecy are also asking for a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES willing majority. form ot unaccountable power. Witness the Poznan riots of 1955, the Tuesday, February 3, 1976 The Angolan operation shows the danger of secrecy. It was not a covert action of the Hungarian uprising of 1956, and the Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, last traditional, limited kind; it was a large new Czechoslov.akian Spring ·of 1968. week's vote to prevent release of the departure in American foreign pol1cy. Why, But there are other less dramatic, less final report of the House Select Com­ then, was it undertaken in secret? A former sweeping, but nevertheless significant mittee on Intelligence was an appalling C.I.A. omcial, Harry Rositzke. answered that protests. These can be the protests of a comment on this Chamber's view of It­ question recently in The Washington Post. single writer giving voice to the mute He wrote: masses, or it can be a group of people self. Those Members who denied the "The President and the Secretary of State Pike committee the right to publish the were concerned that the Congress would not who dare to raise fundamental questions. product of its investigation told the Na­ agree With their Angolan policy and would SUch an event recently occurred in tion, in effect, that they trust an unelect­ not supply the required funds. Secret funds Poland. and it should not go unnoticed ed President and Secretary of State, un­ provided the easy way out. The use of covert by the Congress of the United States. elected offi.cials at the CIA and other action, not to achieve a foreign purpose ln Last December 5, a group of 59 prom­ agencies, and the editors of private news­ secret but to evade Congressional scrutiny, inent Polish intellectuals· published an degrades the covert instrument into a do­ appeal for constitutionally guaranteed papers and periodicals more than they mestic political tool." trust themselves. That cautionary comment from an intel­ civll liberties. The signers-who included Incredibly, this demonstration of con­ llgence veteran leads to a puzzled question: poets, economists, academic figures, and gressional fear of responsibility arrived Why should the present omcials of the C.I.A. cultural personalities-demanded free~ on the heels of an overwhelming repudi­ want it to be judged by such pol1t1cal enter­ dom of conscience and religion; free ation of the Ford administration's covert prises e.s the Angolan caper? Why did Mr. trade unions; the right to strike; freedom involvement in Angola. The incongruity Colby, as he left omce, seek to tie the agency of speech and information; and freedom to the very forces in Government that have to carry out scientific work. of this combination of events was aptly misused it and damaged its reputation? described by New York Times columnist The use of an intelligence agency as a This action took considerable courage Anthony Lewis on January 29, and I am secret arm of executive power, avoiding under the circumstances. It would be a inserting his article in the RECORD at this proper political control, mllS't put the In­ tragedy if the message were to be ignored point for the reflection of my colleagues. tegrity and honor of the agency at risk. That by those who live in free and relaxed IN Pmtsurr OF FoLLY is the lesson of the Bay of Plgs, Chlle, Laos, conditions in the West. (By Anthony Lewis) the tragic arming and then abandoning of The surface conformism in Eastern the Kurds. Europe can be misleading. Obvious pres~ WASHINGTON, January 28.-In recent weeks The C.I.A. has itself sometimes opposed the Ford Administration has been arguing, these misadventures, for example the Kurd­ sures, and subtle ones as well, force a ln all possible forums, that a President must ish intervention. And intelligence specialtsts dispiriting pattern of order. But a per­ have broad discretion to use the Central surely see the risk to their function if the manent grievance stirs beneath the Intell1gence Agency for covert operations. It agency gets involved in large-scale war oper­ surface. has argued With particular emphasis that ations. How can it be expected to provide the operations must be kept secret. Something very natural and very im­ dispassionate intelligence on a situation like portant is missing from Poland. As an Thus officials have objected to the current that in Angola when it 1s commltted to one Eastern European writer has said: legal requirement that Congressional com­ side? (One's guess is that U.S. estimates of mittees be advised of covert actions. If Con­ factional strength in Angola have in fact The very fact that the state pollee are in gress must be told, they urge, information been way off.) a position at any time to intervene in a should go only to a small number of members The intelligence community may be get­ man's life, without his having any chance who will not pass it on. They have proposed ting that message, M:r. Colby notwithstand­ to resist, sumces to rob his life of some of tough new penalties for leaks. ing. The Association of Retired Intelligence its naturalness and authenticity, and to turn If there were such a system of Presidential Officers has just taken a poll of its members, it into a kind of endless dissimulation. discretion with assured secrecy, how would and 56 percent of those responding thought Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my it work? As it happens, we do not have to that Congress should be told before covert speculate. An example is at hand: The pro­ operations were undertaken. Respect for our remarks in the RECORD, then, the letter gram pushed by Secretary of State Kissinger constitutional system of political accounta­ is set forth below: and approved by the President to have the bility can only help the true intelligence THE LETTER OF 59 POLISH INTELLECTUALS TO C.I.A. funnel arms and money to one side function. MR. SPEAKER OF THE SEJM OF THE PoLISH in the Angolan conflict. Congressional oversight is no amulet; it PEOPLE's REPUBLIC The House of Representatives has just would not prevent every abuse. We also need WARSAW, DECEMBER 5, 1975. joined the Senate in voting to ban covert a statute confining the C.I.A. to intelligence Most Honorable Mr. Speaker. aid to Angola. It did so despite a letter from functions except possibly for limited covert I am sending you Sir a copy of a letter Mr. Ford warning-in language reminiscent action in situations posing grave risks to the dealing with the proposed changes in the of Henny Penny-that a ban would throw national security. But Congress can show Constitution of the Polish People's Republic. doubt on American "resolve" everywhere. The that it has learned from recent history if it This letter was signed by 59 persons. I ascer­ House vote was overwhelming. 323 to 99. A now takes on the responsibility of meaning­ tain the authenticity of these signatures. majority of Republlcans even voted for the ful intelligence oversight, without disabling I was authorized to inform you, Mr. ban. itself by secrecy. Speaker, that you will receive a separate let- 2410 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1976 ter on the same matter signed by about 300 The guarantee of these basic freedoms can CONGRESS AND FOREIGN POLICY scholars, university students and graduates. not be reconciled with the official prepara­ Very truly yours, . tions to the recognition of the leading role Prof. Dr. EDWARD LIPINSKI. of one of the parties in the system of state HON. ROBERT P. GRIFFIN authority. This kind of constitutional decla­ OF MICHIGAN P.S. I am sending copies of this letter to the ration would give a political party the role council of State of the Polish People's Re· of state authority, which is not responsible IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES public, parliamentary clubs and the secre­ to the society and is not controlled by the Wednesday, February 4, 1976 tariat of the Primate of Poland. society. Under such conditions, the Sejm 2 "Guide lines for the VII Congress of can not be considered the highest authority, Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, the Feb­ PZPR 1" contain the announcement of change the Government is not the highest executive ruary issue of the Reader's Digest car­ tn the Constitution. After the conference in body, and the courts are not independent. ries an interesting and provocative ar­ Helsinki, in which the Polish Government All citizens should be guaranteed the right ticle by Prof. William E. Griffith, en­ with the governments of 34 other nations to nominate candidates and to vote for their titled "Congress Is Wrecking Our For­ solemnly confirmed the Universal Declara­ representatives in the elections, which are eign Policy." tion of Human Rights, we believe that the governed by five adjectives.a The courts introduction of the basic freedoms should should be guaranteed independence from the It ought to be read by every Senator become a new stage in the history of the executive body, and the Sejm should be made and Congressman. I ask unanimous con­ nation and in the lives of individuals. Acting the truly highest legislative authority. We sent that the article be printed in the out of social concern, we b!lieve that the believe that non-recognition of human free­ RECORD. Constitution and resulting legislative process dOins may lead to destruction of social re­ There being no objection, the article should guarantee above all the following sourcefulness, disintegration of social ties, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, social freedoms: gradual deprival of national consciousness Freedom of conscience and religious prac­ as follows: and breaking of the continuity of national CoNGRESS Is WRECKING OUR FOREIGN POLICY tice. These freedoms are not existent, since traditions. This constitutes a threat to na­ people admitting their religious beliefs or tional existance. (By Wililiam E. Griffith) ideologies other than those officially de­ Stefan Amsterdamski. For nearly 30 years, Turkey and the United clared are not allowed to fill a great many Stanislaw Baranczak. States were close allies in the defense of executive positions in agencies and public Ewa Bienkowska. Western Europe and the Middle East against institutions, social organizations and in the Jacek Bierezin. the threat of an expansionist Soviet Union. field of na,tional economy. Therefore, all citi­ Irena Byrska. As pa1·t of that alllance the Turks permitted zens without distinction with regard to their Tadeusz Byrski. us to operate more than 20 Inilltary installa­ religion, ideologies or party and political affil· Bohdan Chwendenczuk? / Chwedczuk/ . tions in their country, including four abso­ lations should be guaranteed the equal right Ludwik Cohn. lutely vital electronic stations that mon­ to fill state positions. The only deciding fac­ Andrzej Drawicz. itored missile tests and military communi­ tors should be individual abilities and per­ J erzy Ficowski. cations across the entire southern portion of sonal honesty. It also should be made pos­ Kornel Filipowicz. the Soviet Union. sible for groups of all denominations to freely Zbigniew Herbert. Today our alliance with Turkey is in tat­ practice their religions and to build houses Ryszard Herczynski. ters. The .American bases have been closed of prayer. Maryla Hopfinger. down by the Turkish government. No one is Freedom of work. This freedom is not ex­ Zdzislaw Jaroszewski. listeniug in on what Russia's rocket forces istent, since the state is the only employer Anna Kamlenska. and its army are doing. Our security, and and trade unions are subordinate to the Jakub Karpinski. that of all NATO countries, has been dan­ Party authorities, which in effect are ruling Wojciech Karpinski. gerously weakened. the country. Under such conditions-as the Jan Kielanowskt. If the Russians had set out to accomplish events of 1956 and 1970 indicate-attempts Stefan Kisielewski. all this, they could not have hoped for more to defend workers' interests threaten with Jacek Kleyff. success. But the Russians had nothing to bloodshed and may lellid to serious disturb­ Leszek Kolakowski. do with it. The damage was done by our own ances. Therefore, all employees should be Julian Kornhauser. 94th Congress, which foolishly antagonized guaranteed the opportunity to freely choose Marta Kornilowicz. the Turks by imposing an embargo on Amer­ their trade representations, which would be Marcin Kr61. ican arms to that country following Turkey's independent from the state or Party au­ Ryszard Krynicki. 1974 invasion of Cyprus. thorities. There also should be a guarantee Jacek Kuron. Legislative Loggerheads. The Turkish dis­ of the right to strike. Stanislaw Lesniewski. aster points up a growing problem for the Freedom of speech and information. When Edward Lipinskt. United States. Under the Constitution, for­ there is no freedom of speech-there is no Jan J6zef Lipski. eign policy is primarily the responsibility of free development of national culture. Since Zdzislaw Lapinski. the President and the State Department. all publications are subject to state censor­ Rev. Stanislaw Malkowski. But in recent years Congress has increasingly ship before they appear, and the publishing Jerzy Markuszewskt. been shouldering the President aside and houses and the mass media are controlled by Adam Mauersberger. trying to run foreign policy by itself. Con­ the state-<:itizens can not knowingly assess Adam Michnik. gress has interfered not only in Turkey, decisions of the state authorities, and they in Hallna. Mikolajska. but also in matters involving the Soviet turn do not know what is the society's view Jan Nepomucen Miller. Union, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, Jordan, of their policies. Especially dangerous con­ Ludwik Muzyczka. Egypt and, above all, Israel. In many cases, sequences of the state publishing monopoly Zygmunt Mycielski. Congress has acted only to please powerful and of the activities of the preventive cen­ Jerzy Na.rbutt. ethnic lobbies, usually over the strong oppo­ sorship are present in literature and fine arts, Jan Olszewski. ·sition of the President. The results, in nearly which do not perform their vital social func­ Antoni Jajdak. every case, have been self-defeating and con­ tions. Therefore, trade unions, intellectual Krzystof Pomian. trary to our national interest. and religious organizations should be given J 6zef Rybicki. History amply demonstrates the damage the opportunity to establish their own pub­ Rev. Jacek Salij. that a headstrong Congress can cause in lishing houses and publish periodicals, which Wladyslaw Sila-Nowickt. foreign policy. It was just such a Congress are independent from the State. Therefore, Stanislaw Skalski. that rejected President Woodrow Wilson's preventive censorship should be abolished, Antoni Slonimski. p1·oposal that we join the League of Nations and responsibility in cases of violations of Aniela Steinsbergowa. a.fter World War I, thus setting the stage for the press law should be decided through the Julian Stryjkowski. the disastrous isolation that was to follow. In judicial process. Jan J 6zef Szczepanski. the 1930s, isolationist Congresses passed the Freedom of science. There is no freedom of Adam Szczypiorski. so-called neutrality laws, as a result of which science, when criteria for choosing the mem­ Kazimierz Szelagowskt. we turned our back on the democracies of bers of the acadeinic profession and the sub­ Wieslawa Szymborska. western Europe, which were threatened by jects of scholarly research are determined by the Nazis. the state authorities and are political in Jacek Trznadel. Maria Wosiek. Today, it is the 94th Congress that is nature. Therefore, the autonomy of the in­ wreaking havoc with our foreign relations. stitutions of higher education should be re­ Adam Zagajewski. As a result of Congressional obstruction, established and the self-government of the Waclaw Zawadzki. whatever the President says or does is taken academic community should be guaranteed. Rev. Jan Zieja. n1uch less seriously now by other govern­ ments than was the case in the past. Because 1 PZPR-Polish United Workers Party, the ~ Sejm-the Polish Parliament. they have seen that Congress can snatch the official name of the Communist party a Universal, equal, direct, secret, propor­ rug out from under him, foreign leaders in Poland. tional. increasingly doubt that the President can February 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2411 deliver what he promises. This has danger­ remain closed. and Turkish rancor is such about the affair. And, like so many other ously weakened our ability to influence world that our relations With that strategically im­ leaders who want to be friends With us but affairs. portant country Will never be the .same. find lt dimcult to do so, he has good reason Congress, of course, does have a vital role Breaking the Rules. Congress scored a simi­ to doubt the val~e of commitments made by in foreign policy. The Constitution gives the lar zero in its handling of the Trade Act of the President in the face of a Congress that Senate the right to approve or reject treaties 1974. The administration bad proposed, as is determined to .fashion Middle East policy and ambassadorial appointments. It gives part of its policy of detente, that the Soviet on its own. the House the power to originate all public­ Union be granted trade beneflts of a sort that Unless Congress abandons its favoritism spending measures, including foreign aid most other nations already enjoy, among toward Isra-el, and supports the administra­ and national defense. Even beyond these them communist Poland and Yugoslavia. The tion in an even-handed attempt to work out mandated powers, the legiSlative branch can measure, 1f passed, would have led to the a permanent peace settlement in the Middle and should play an important role in foreign Russian purchase of billions of dollars' worth East, another war, and another disastrous oil policy-but in cooperation with the execu­ of American equipment and technology, thus boycott, seem virtually .certain to follow. Of tive, not on its own. creating many new jobs. course, America should never permit Israel In fact, Congress is institutionally incapa­ But here, too, a powerful lobby, that o! to be destroyed. We must make clear, by ble of running foreign policy by !Itself. More .Jewish Americans, asserted itself. Over .ad· deeds as well as words, our commitment to than 14 separate Congressional committees ministration protests, Sen. Henry M. Jack­ her survival, and our moral and political are involved in var·ious aspects of foreign a.f· .son of Washington and Rep. Charles A. Vanik. outrage at such Arab maneuvers as the re­ fairs. These committees have little or no of Ohio got the law amended so that the cent U.N. General Assembly vote that coordination or sense of urgency, and are Soviet Union would receive such beneflts equated Zionism with racism. If we do not, frequently at loggerheads over foreign policy. .only 1f it permitted more Soviet Jews to emi­ the radical Arabs' dream of destroying Israel Indeed, the entire membership of both the grate to Israel and Western coun.tries. Jack­ Will surely revive. Senate and House often battle With each son predicted that this would lead to an an­ A Single Voice. What can be done to repair other, as well as with the President, over nual emigration of 60,000 Jews and other So­ the damage being don-e to our foreign policy foreign affairs. viet citizens. In addition, at the last minute by a head-strong Congress? The most im­ Embargo Boomerang. This disorder on Congress imposed a $300-mlllion lim1t, over portant step would be to re-establish the Capitol Hill has made it possible for ethnic a !our-year term, on Export-Import Bank bipartisan approach that was so successful groups to exert influence out of all proportion guarantees of credit to the Soviet Union. under Presidents Roosevelt, Truman and to their numbers. Not that there is anything The Soviets were so infuriated that they Eisenhower. All three men worked closely un-American about such lobbying. In our nullified the Soviet-American trade treaty o! with Congress in formulating and pursuing pluralistic democracy, every group-Irish­ 1972. The result was that, far from relaxing a bipartisan foreign policy that carried us American, Polish-American or, for that mat­ restrictions on Jewish emigration, Moscow safely through World War II and the postwar ter, the American Establishment-has the tightened them. Emigration, which had confrontation with the Soviet Union. right to advocate its views. What I object reached 35,000 during the peak year of 1973, President Truman, for example, asked Sen­ to is that disorganization in Congress, com­ fell to au estimated 13,000 last year. And. the ators Arthur Vandenberg, a Michigan Repub­ bined with the general public's lack of in­ Russians turned to other Western countries lican, and Tom Connally, a Texas Democrat, terest in foreign policy, is allowing matters and Japan for the lucrative trade that other­ to serve as members of American delegations of great national importance to be decisively wise would have gone to us. in negotiations with other governments; the influenced by minority ethnic groups. The Our relations with Latin America have two Senators, in turn, successfully lined up Cyprus issue is a case in point. also suffered because of Congressional inter­ balky Congressmen to enslll'e that divisions Cyprus, an independent island republic in ference in foreign policy-most specifically on crucial issues stopped at our shores. the eastern Mediterranean, has long been its efforts to block negotiations with Panama One excellent proposal, suggested recently a cause of friction between Greece and Tur­ over the future of the Panama Canal. Vir­ by a national commission that included Vice key. Ethnic Greeks make up 78 percent of tually all Latin Americans support Pana­ President Rockefeller, is that a Joint Com­ its population, Turks 18 percent. The two manian efforts to secure a. new treaty under mittee on National Security be formed, to groups are bitter rivals. In 1974, the military which control of the canal would gradually include the leaders of Congress and the chair­ junta then in power in Greece staged a coup be turned over to Panama. The Ford admin· men of key Congressional committees. The on Cyprus as a first step toward annexing it !stratton accepts the idea that such a com­ Joint Committee would meet regularly with to Greece.1 In response, the Turks invaded promise is in the U.S. interest, and is seek• the President to coordinate foreign policy. the islands, avowedly to protect the Turkish ing to work out a detailed agreement. The President, in turn, would share with the minority. However, several lawmakers, including committee far more information than the At this point, Congress got into the act, Sen. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina White House has shared with Capitol Hill 111 over the strong opposition of the White and Rep. Daniel J. Flood of Pennsylvania, the recent past. House and the State Department, largely be­ have been trying to prevent the State De­ Bipartisanship would go a long way toward cause of pro-Greek pressure from a lobby partment from even conducting talks With re-establlshiug the proper priorities iu our claiming to speak for three million Ameri­ Panama. The Senate, of course, has every foreign affairs. Instead of quixotic intru­ cans of Greek descent. Three Congressmen, right to refuse to ratify any new treaty the sions into Cyprus, we could get down to the John Brademas of Indiana, Benjamin Rosen­ administration comes up With. But it is urgent business of dealing with the energy thal of New York and Paul Sarbanes of breaking the rules of the game for COngress crisis, the NATO alllance and a lasting peace Maryland, led the effort. They argued that to tie the President's hands in advance. Such settlement in the Middle East. Bipartisan­ an embargo on American-supplied arms to efforts can only further worsen our relations ship inevitably would lessen the influence of Turkey would force the Turks to make con­ throughout Latin America. domestic pressure groups in our foreign pol­ cessions in Cyprus and, in particular, to let Of all the examples of unwise interference icy. Instead of looking weak and foolish, we some of the 180,000 Greek Cypriots displaced by Congress in foreign policy, the most dan­ would recover our national prestige and in­ in the fighting return to their homes. gerous is the unconditional .support that fluence by speaking once more iu a single, Brademas, Rosenthal and Sarbanes based Congress has habitually insisted we give to national voice. their action on an American law forbidding the policies of Israel. In doing so, it has dis­ use of American-supplied weapons for non­ regarded not only the legitimate interests of defensive purposes. But France and Portugal the Arabs, but America's own interests as and, for that matter, Greece itself, all have well. VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION used such arms for non-defensive military Congress's bias toward Israel most re­ PUZZLE operat ions in the past, and each time we cently evidenced itself last July, when King did nothing about it. Turkey, moreover, did Hussein of Jordan sought to obtain, for $260 have some justification, under the inter­ million, 14 batteries of U.S.-made Hawk national treaty that established Cyprus as an anti-aircraft missiles. Hussein is one of our HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO independent state, to intervene if the status best friends in the Arab world, and the ad­ OF ILLINOIS ministration properly regards his continued quo were upset. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The embargo, in any case, only boomer­ friendship as vital for the success of Amer­ ican diplomacy in the Middle East and, in Wednesday, February 4, 1976 anged. Congress did not get any concessions view of his moderation, vital for Israel's se­ from the Turks about the Greek Cypriot curity as well. But Sen. Clifford P. Case of Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, with the in­ refugees or anything else. Instead, stung by clusion today of part 6, I have placed in the feeling that we had sided unfairly with New Jersey and Rep. Jonathan B. Bingham the Greeks, the Turks last July closed down of New York mustered enough opposition to the RECORD the entire Chicago Tribune the sale so that the administration had to series on the Veterans' Administration­ all but one of the American bases in Turkey. postpone consideration of the proposal. Reversing itself, Congress voted in October January 21, 22, 26, 28, and 29. Once again, to lift the embargo, at least partially. The A compromise of sorts has since been I wish to commend the Tribune reporters damage, however, had been done. The bases worked out. Hussein will be allowed to buy the missiles, but with humiliating restric­ responsible for this informative series: tions on their deployment and use imposed Pamela Zekman, William Gaines, Jay 1 See "Cyprus: Tiny Island, Big Uproar," at the demand of pro-Israeli Congressional Branegan, William Crawford, and James The Readers Dlgest, December '75. forces. Hussein is understandabJy bitter Coates. They interviewed hundreds of 2412 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1976 veterans and VA officials and employes llke a private patient, only the VA would pay gram, there are wiqe areas of overlap with and examined scores of documents and the bilL the SOcial Security and Supplemental se:.. records for this report. "If the federal government were to initiate curity Income programs. He and others say a program of medical care for veterans today, Today's article, from the January 23 the duplication is wasteful. there can be no doubt that lt would offer Using figures supplied by the Department Tribune, discusses the various approaches hospitalization insurance rather than at­ of Health, Education, and Welfare and the to and the debate on how to solve the tempt to provide hospital care itself," Lind­ VA. The Tribune calculated that the admin­ problems with the VA. I trust my col­ say said in an interview. istrative costs for each VA benefit check are leagues will find it most interesting and I Although VA hospitals originally were de­ nearly twice that for a Social Security check: hope the entire series has proved useful signed to treat veterans with battle-related $4.36 versus $2.50. injuries, Lindsay said, "What you have there Arguing along similar lines, the American in terms of our work here as the people's today are old men with liver, kidney, and voice in the Government. Veterans Committee, a 25,000-member group heart disease." VA figures show only 11.5 per founded after World War II, opposes pensions (From the Chicago Tribune, Jan. 23, 1976] cent of its patients suffer from service-con­ "as being class legislation and unrelated to CRITICS, SUPPORTERS SPLIT ON SOLVING VA nected disabilities. the real needs of individual veterans." PUZZLE The VA hospital system also recorded mam­ The group's former national chairman, moth construction cost overruns last year, Arthur S. Freeman, 61, a prominent Chicago Split up the Veterans Administration, say for which VA Administrator Richard Roude­ some of its critics. tax attorney, said, "The VA should be con­ bush was scored by Sen. William Proxmire cerned primarily with returning veterans, Make it even stronger, argue the giant [D., Wis.] at appropriations hearings. agency's most ardent supporters. getth;1g them back into society, and with "When Mr. Proxmire interrogated us be­ those who suffer service-connected disabili­ While listening to both sides, VA officials fore the committee last year," Roudebush and Congress probably will take some middle ties." said, "I placed one of my top men to audit Otherwise, the group believes, "what's good ground in their efforts to solve the VA's many production. That's Mr. .M't Schultz, and he's problems and stem the rising costs of its for the country is good for the veteran," ac­ working daily with our construction people cording to a Washington spokesman, and multi-billion-dollar programs. and I think we have made great strides in Some critics say much of the waste, poor eliminating overrun. Let's say reducing over­ urges strengthening of social legislation for performance, and inefficiency documented in runs." all citizens. this week's Tribune Task Force series is in­ Proxmire says there's another solution Indeed, proposals to make the VA a nar­ evitable in an agency as big and as politically row, specific agency have been around since to the overruns problem: "I attribute the 1949, when the Hoover Commission on gov­ influenced as the VA. poor track record of the VA in cost o~rruns To overcome these deficiencies, the VA to pressure from adjoining medical schools ernmental reform urged that the VA be "should be split up along functional lines/' to get new equipment. The VA should stick stripped of the hospitals, its construction argues former Office of Management and to the original plans and resist outside in­ program, insurance, and home loans. It said Budget official Michael March. fiuence." duplication of the work of other agencies But Sen. Strom Thurmond [D., S.C.], with was inefficient and wasteful. Also riddled with problems is the VA's Today, the veterans organizations are still the support of the major veterans groups, in­ benefits program, a major function of the sists that the veteran is best served by a sin­ opposed to any attempts to integrate veter­ agency with a $390 m111ion annual budget ans programs with other social programs­ gle veterans agency. He aims to keep the VA used to distribute $11.4 b11lion to 7.5 mil­ that way, and has proposed making the VA a veterans should never have to take "welfare," lion veterans and veterans' survivors in com­ they say. cabinet-level department. pensation, pensions, and educational assist­ They get strong support from the members Meanwhile, the VA's bureaucrats them­ ance. and staff of the two veterans committees in selves acknowledge many of the problems The education program of the GI Bill has Congress, most of whom are active members pointed out by The Tribune, but say they're been plagued with overpayments to ~ter· of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Ameri­ already working to remedy them. ans, Roudebush agrees. "There is no more can Legion, Amvets, Disabled American Vet ­ "We are now well on the way in getting the irritating, agonizing problem I'm faced with erans, or other veterans group. problems of the deficiencies in our hospital than overpayments. These things are con­ The political power of these organizations buildings cleaned up," the VA's chief medical tinual. They w111 exist as long as there is must be faced by anyone proposing radical director, Dr. John Chase, said. a Veterans Administration. solutions for problems in the VA or changes He said the agency has thorough plans for "We are making the most extensive efforts in veterans programs. Observed Roudebush, a replacement of run-down hospitals and is this agency has ever made in recovering former Indiana congressm-an: "I don't ever getting good funding from Congress. "We overpayments. In fact, now the most critical recall a veteran benefits bill having many are on target and wm move ahead on letters I get are that we are trying to tighten votes cast against it." schedule." the wrench a little too tight." Replying to complaints about shortage of Several studies show that much of the staff at VA hospitals, Chase said, "In the last money that goes for educational assistance is wasted on worthless courses. One study two years we have added 15,000 persons to the THE 1975 FEDERAL ELECTION system. We have recognized the problem." by the Educational Testing Service, of President Ford's new budget, released Princeton, N.J., found the VA's method of CAMPAIGN ACT Wednesday, calls for an additional 1,750 hos­ ensuring the quality of courses, particularly pital employes. In addition, it notes that those in correspondence and trade schools, many VA patients with nonservice-connected woefully inadequate. HON. MARIO BIAGGI It suggests beefing up the state agencies ailments carry private health insurance, and OF NEW YORK proposes seeking reimbursement for VA care that are suppo~d to evaluate courses. An­ from these private insurers. This would bring other group that studied the problem sug­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in $130 million a year, the budget estimates. gested cutting correspondence courses from Wednesday, February 4, 1976 A radically different approach to the prob­ the GI Bill altogether. lems of VA staffiing, geographic remoteness The President's budget doesn't go quite Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the Supreme of hospitals from many veterans, and quality that far. It recommends only elimination of Court's decision voiding certain sections of care has been suggested by a University "new enrollments in marginally effective" of the 1975 Federal Election Campaign of California economist: Do away completely correspondence schools. Act has opened the door once again for with VA hospitals and give veterans hospi­ A report on the VA by the 20th Century the very wealthy to "buy" their way into talization insurance instead. Fund, a research foundation, said the entire GI Bill should be re-evaluated with the ad­ public office. "Veterans would then be free t o use a hos­ While upholding the limitations on pital in their community rather than travel vent of the all-volunteer Armv. to the nearest VA facility, as they do now," "A presumption that milita~y service in­ individual and committee contributions says the economist. Prof. Cotton Lindsay, volves significant burdens or sacrifices is no to candidates, the Court said a candidate who recently completed a foundation fi­ longer vaild," the report says. Any promise himself can pour as much money as he nanced study of the VA hospital system. of postmilitary education assistance should wants into his own campaign. To limit Lindsay's answer would solve another be made by the military, and the costs the candidate, as well, the Justices Inajor problem of the VA hospitals-the aver­ borne by the Defense Department, t he report argued, would be a violation of that age VA patient stays hospitalized twice as recommends. candidate's first amendment rights. long as the non-VA patient. There is legislation before Congress to end Hogwash. "The major factor that det ermines this the GI Bill for the all-volunteer Army and (long stays) is that the patient comes to the President Ford in b.is budget proposed cut­ The first amendment was never de­ VA without a prior diagnosis" because VA ting eligibility for the current bill from 10 signed to permit an individual with doctors do not practice outside the system, to 8 years after discharge from the service. enormous amounts of money to virtually Dr. Chase said. "The private pat ient normally Former budget planner March, now a pro­ buy a political office. Yet that, in effect, is seen in the doctor's office first." Under fessor of public affairs at the University of is what the Supreme Court has said. If Lindsay's plan, a VA patient would be treated Colorado, said that in the VA pension pro- limitations are sound-and they are- February 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2413 then they should apply to all contribu­ Federal regulators have done a good job of S TATEMENT OF JAMES D. "'MIKE" MCKEVITT, tors, including the candidate. This wm holding down the price of gas moving in in­ WASHINGTON COUNSEL TO THE NATIONAL terstate commerce. Even with recently ap­ FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS in no way limit his right to free speech. proved increases, the going price for new gas A candidate can still express himself to This country was built on a foundation of is 62 cents per thousand cubic feet-roughly small businessmen and yeoman farmers. Yet, his heart's content on all the issues at a fourth of what it costs to import an equiv­ their sha1·e of the economic wealth and ac­ any forum. That is what the first amend­ alent amount of oil. Unfortunately, the arti­ tivity within this country is dWindling. In­ ment is designed to protect. ficially depressed prices have created a grow- deed, SBA figures would suggest that their The lack of a spending limitation for ing deterrent to gas production. · very number is eroding slowly. In 1967, small candidate contributions was one of the For several years natural gas consumption businesses constituted 97.3 percent of the has been far outrunning production. And of principal abuses that promp~d the 1~74 business firms. the new supplies that are discovered, most Again, it is in terms of economic well­ reforms. Politics was becommg a nch are being sold in unregulated intrastate man's game-employment for the being that the decline is most noticeable. markets, where the price is three to four These small businesses (96.7 percent) ac­ wealthy citizen who had nothing else times as high. count for only 43 percent of the Gross Na­ to do. A poor man could not challenge a Cheap gas won't do consumers much good tional Product. In 1960 small and medium multimillionaire without concentrating if there isn't enough to go around. And there sized manufacturing businesses accounted virtually all his efforts on fund raising to won't be enough if the law isn't changed. for 60 percent of the assets and 41 percent match his opponent's campaign chest. Already shortages have raised the specter of of the industry profits. By 1972 these figures The poor man's freedom of speech rights industrial interruptions in some states, with dropped to 33 percent of the assets and 28 a consequent threat to stable employment. percent of the profits. in a sense were violated, because he was Unless higher pricing is permitted, the situa­ tied to massive fund raising e:ffo1·ts in­ In terms of capital acquisition, small firms tion will grow steadily worse until even resi­ are also finding themselves relatively less stead of being able to address himself dential consumers are affected. well off. to the issues. The Senate, after lengthy consideration, Further, the relative solvency of small, The 1974 act put realistic limitations acted sensibly in October by passing a bill independently owned and operated business on all contributions and expenditures. It that would free newly discovered gas in on­ enterprises is becoming more and more was hoped that this would restore some shore fields immediately. New gas from off• shaky. From 1946 through 1971, the asset/ rationality to the conduct of campaigns. shore fields would be controlled for fiv~ more liability ratio of small businesses declined years. And gas sold under existing contracts from 1:18 to 0:63. Within such a framework, the candi­ would not be decontrolled at all. dates could freely debate and discuss the Business bankruptcies in the fiscal y.ear Although this would mean a sharp increase ending June 30, 1975, jumped 45 percent to issues and try to convince the electorate in the wellhead price of newly discovered gas 80,130--almost twice the level in 1966-1970, of their relative merits to serve in public supplies, the impact on the consumer would indicating the intensity of the pressures of omce. not be so sharp or so immediate. Since less small business. The Constitution constrains an indi­ than 10% of the natural gas covering inter­ state pipelines each year is newly discovered, Despite intentions to the contrary, t ax vidual from verbally and maliciously and since "old" gas would still be regulated, burdens seem to bear disproportionately on slandering another person, because the the effect would be spread over 10 years or the small and medium sized firm. The largest drafters recognized that such an unfet­ more. In any event, the price received by the corporations j,}a.y effective federal tax rates tered right to speak would be detrimen­ producer accounts for less than 20% of the of only about 25 % while their smaller coun­ tal to the other individual's rights and ultimate cost to the consumer. Interstate terparts pay effective rates above 50 per­ transportation and local distribution account cent ..• The small businessman is not lack­ to society's right to peace and order. ing for friends. Historically, Congress ha.s The election law limits enacted in the for the rest. been sympathetic to his needs . . . last Congress struck a balance between The public interest clearly calls for early House approval of similar legislation, but the The effort to deal with the tmique and spe­ the unfettered rights of the wealthy Commerce Committee has pursued dilatory cial problems of small business culminated candidate to spend, spend, spend, and tactics in order to delay action. in the creation of the Small Business Admin­ istration over two decades ago. I would like the fragile rights of the poor challenger We urge California members of the House to enter the political arena on an equal to back Speaker Carl Albert's move to bring to address the balance of my remarks on footing. decontrol legislation to a vote on the floor. the Agency, the kind of job it has been I hope that some way might be found Either that or return the measure to the doing, and how it might be improved. to legislatively enact such limits again committee with specific instructions for SBA: AN OVERVIEW without running afoul of the Supreme quick action. The Small Business Administration was created in 1953 to "encourage and develop ... Court. To fail to do so will help foster the actual and potential capabilities of small all the more the growing trend of big business" and to "aid, counsel, assist and money, big business, and politics being protect the interests of small business con­ the only bedfellows running this country. JAMES D. McKEVITT, COUNSEL FOR cerns." This was a significant event. It recog­ FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT nized the role small business played in the BUSINESS, CALLS FOR EXPANDED American economy and it gave many hard SBA AUTHORITY TO ASSIST pressed small businessmen reason for re­ DEREGULATION OF NATURAL GAS SMALL BUSINESS newedhope ... While the Federation feels that any pro­ posal to do away with the SBA is negative in HON. ALPHONZO BELL HON. JOEL. EVINS approach and unacceptable, we do recognize OF CALIFORNIA and firmly believe that there are areas where OF TENNESSEE the Agency could be reformed and revital­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ized ... Wednesday, February 4, 1976 Wednesday, February 4, 1976 LOOKING TO THE FUTURE Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, as this body The SBA has been as responsive to the continues its consideration of natural Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, needs of small business as it could be . . . gas deregulation, I call to the attention Mr. James D. (Mike) McKevitt, Wash­ On behalf of NFIB, I would like to make of my colleagues an editorial on the sub­ ington counsel of the National Federa­ a number of suggestions that we feel would tion of Independent Business and a for­ help SBA meet its new challenges.... Small ject which was published in yesterday's business needs an aggressive partner that Los Angeles Times: mer colleague, recently gave a detailed statement before the Subcommittee on can aggressively, zealously, and vigorously GAS: IN WHOSE INTEREST? pursue its economic well being and interests Opponents of legislation to phase out fed­ SBA and SBIC legislation of the Small within government. SBA can broaden and eral price controls on newly discovered nat­ Business Committee recommending an expend its scope and mode of operation to ural gas supplies are making a last-ditch ef­ expanded authority and mission for the be that kind of par.tner even more than it fort this week to sidetrack the decontrol leg­ Small Business Administration. has in the past. islation. For the sake of consumers and the Because of the interest of my col­ While it is by no means perfect, the De­ country's economic health, we hope the ef­ leagues and the American people in small partment of Agriculture is a good example fort fails. I Mr. Mc­ of the kind of partnership we envision... . Those who oppose the plan for partial de­ business, place excerpts from SBA can and should play a. sim1lar role for regulation of natural gas say they are acting Kevitt's statement in the RECORD here­ the Nation's small businessmen. in the consumer's interest. But we think the with. We also envision the SBA becoming one !acts are otherwise. The excerpts follow: of the focal points in future economic 2414 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1976 policy.••• The basic character of small bust­ and at least another $34 milUon was ear­ 60 loans. These represent just a fraction of ness supports this conclusion: marked !or minority businesses. This would the nation's 14.000 banks. 96.7o/o of all United States• firn'l$ are small seem to target over 57 percent ($89 million This reluctance to participate on the par1i businesses; out of $155 milllon) of the available funds of the banking community Is the strongest Small business provides 55% of all non• !or a very minuscule portion of the nation's possible justification for an adequate direct farm jobs; 9.7 mlllion small businesses. loan program. Small business provides a livelihood for NFIB has always supported every effort to NFIB believes that the answer to this prob· over 100 million Americans; meet the needs of the disadvantaged and lem rests in determining the proper mix of Small business 1s extremely sensitive to minorities in the small business community. SBA loan programs. changes in the economy; Unfortunately, this effort has made it more The Federation has several other sugges­ Small business is flexible and can react difficult for the Agency to meet the legiti­ tions for changes in the Small Business Ad­ quickly to economic changes; and mate needs of the rest of the small business ministration's lending programs that it be­ Small business is labor intensive. community. Both needs must be met and one lieves are worthy of your serious considera­ All of these facts seem to indicate that cannot be ignored at the cost of the other. tion: the small business community could prove The typical small businessman who goes Set up a separate and distinct entity, simi­ to be a profitable area for experimentation to SBA for financial assistance expects to get lar to a corporation or a bureau, under the with and development of an alternative eco­ a direct loan from the government at a very direction of the Administrator to operate nomic pollcy. SBA would be the proper ve­ low rate of interest. When he finds out that all of the Agency's lending programs. hicle !or implementing this policy. Its past the Agency is out of money, which is very Require quarterly reports !rom SBA to the record shows that it does have the capacity likely since each region has been allocated House and Senate Small Business Commit­ to do this job 1! it had adequate resources. less than $1.7 million per quarter in fiscal tees and the Senate Banking Committee on SBA loans to small business are an in­ year 1976, and that he can only get an SBA the average turn-around time between loan vestment in the future of America and an guaranteed loan from a bank at 10% per­ applications and loan disbursements. emcient way for the government to spur eco­ cent, plus a compensating balance, he goes Non-Physical Disaster Loans: In concept, nomic activity. Since 1953 Small Business away mad and ridicules the Agency to all his the Small Business Administration's Non­ Administration loons have created or main­ friends and business associates. Physical Disaster Loan program Is an ex­ tained over 2,350,000 jobs. In fiscal 1975 alone By far the most important SBA loan from cellent example of the kind of partnership Agency activity created or maintained the small business point of view is a 7(a) that SBA should maintain with its small roughly 265,000 jobs at a cost of approxi­ regular business loan. It is this program business constituency. More commonly mately $6,000 per job. Compare this to a cost that provides what we would all consider as known as compliance loans, they provide of $14,000 to $18,000 per job contained in the everyday kind of financing necessary to a small firm with the flexibility and funds the Emergency Jobs creation Act of 1975. run any small business. In brief the 7(a) necessary to keep abreast of changes in or Unlike the $14,000 to $18,000 price tag in the program consists of three types of loans. jobs legislation, SBA's $6,000 is not an ex­ requirements of certa,in Federal and state Obviously, the 7(a) direct loan is and has laws. Without this type of assistance many penditure, but a loan. It is an investment in been the one most in demand. It has also the American economy repayable wtth in­ independent businesses would be unable to been at the center of a controversy between comply with the laws and would be forced terest. Since its creation the Agency's actua,l the small business community and Congress losses have only been 3.23 percent of all its to close ..• on the one hand and the Office of Manage­ While these programs have a great poten­ loans and in fiscal 1975 the loss figure for ment and Budget on the other. its 7(a) regular business loan program was tial to assist hard pressed small firms that Unfortunately, the omce of Management find themselves in a compllance crisis, it is an unbelievably low 2.66 percent. These and Budget appears to maintain that the losses are more than compensated for by clear that they could be utUized to a government does not belong in the direct greater degree. The small business commu­ the increase in taxes and the reduction in loan business because it is both costly and in unemployment compensation and other so­ nity has been upset for years about the direct competition with the nation's bank· strict requirements of OSHA and the anti­ cial welfare expenditures caused by SBA's ing industry. It has been able to back up lending activity. pollution laws, yet only 101 loans for $25.8 this position by setting administrative ceil­ m1llion were made under these programs... These figures argue very persuasively !or ings within SBA•s Business Loan and Invest­ a substantial higher level of Small Business Disaster Assistance Loans: Under Section ment Fund. This has had the effect of chan­ 2 (c) of the Small Business Act, SBA is given Administration lending activity. Tragically, neling most of the Agency's resources into the Agency reaches only 1.5 percent of the its 7(a) guarantee program and curtailing the responsibility of aiding and a,ssistlng nation's small business community with its the direct loan effort. The latter reached its "victims of floods and other catastrophes," loan programs.... Here is a clear opportunity low point in 1970 when only 42 loans for $1.9 and this . • . has moved the Agency further to use the Small Business Administration and further from its primary mission of million were approved. helping small businessmen. constructively as an instrument of an imag­ Congressional reaction to this situation inative and forward looking small business surfaced in 1974 when it directed SBA to Since it was founded the Small Business economic policy...• make at least $400 milllon in 7(a) direct Administration has made over 780,000 loans; The first step must be increasing the status loans in fiscal year 1975. Aga.ln OMB inter­ 520,000 of these have been disaster loans..• of SBA within the Federal Government. vened and no funds were requested to execute In fiscal 1973 the Agency made 215,001 disas­ I! the SBA Administrator is to be the the Congressional directive. The same tactic ter loans of which 192,700, just under 90 spokesman for small business, he must have wa.s tried again in the 1976 budget, but the percent, went to homeowners to repair or greater access to the President. He must Chairman of this Subcommittee, who also replace their dwelUngs. In fiscal 1975 over sit on the Domestic Council and similar serves as the Ranking Member on the Sub­ 82 percent of the Agency's disa,ster assistance policy planning bodies. NFIB would urge the committee that handles SBA's appropria­ went for non-business purposes. Committee to give serious consideration to tions, discovered the omission and was able The demands that this program places on making SBA a full-fledged Department and to include $100 million !or the 7(a) direct an already understaffed SBA are tremendous. elevating its head to Cabinet status. If this program in the Agency's appropriation. The homeowner section of the disaster as­ proves impractical, we would urge the Com­ NFIB has been and remains a strong sup­ sistance program does not belong in the mittee to take an active role in securing the porter of the 7 (a) direct program. Small Business Administration and NFIB appointment of the Administrator to all ad­ urges the Committee to transfer it to HUD. visory and pollcy planning bodies in the The OMB has also argued that the guar­ Executive branch whose decisions have an antee approach is the one which allows the ADVOCACY impact on the small business community. greatest degree of private sector participation In 1974, the 93rd Congress formally rec­ and since it has stated that it believes that ognized one of the Small Business Admin­ LEND~G PROGRAMS small business credit decisions "should be istration's most important functions when it Business Loans: Stop any small business­ left in the private sector," this approach has established the Office of Chief Counsel for man on the street and ask him what the been empha,sized. The shift from direct loans Advocacy. Small Business Administration is all about to guaranteed loans has been dramatic. Dur­ NFIB believes that Advocacy will be the and at least nine out of ten wm tell you ing the decade from 1964 through 1973 guar­ watchword of the future and we think it that it is a bank.... SBA does have very anteed loans grew from $20.7 million to near­ should be one of SBA's primary responsibili· important banking-type functions. But SBA ly $1.9 billlon dollars per year. During rough­ ties. can and should be a great deal more than ly the same period the direct program To accomplish this we would recommend a. bank to the small businessman. It must dropped from an all time high of $115.5 ron­ that the Agency's advocacy role be stgnitl­ also be his partner and his advocate. . • • cantly upgraded by the creation of an Asso­ Some critics would suggest that SBA's lion to a low of $1.9 million. The private sector argument has not ciate Administrator for Advocacy and that limited resources are disproportionately al­ a Small Business Advocacy Office, responsible located. They would point out that of the proven ta be completely accurate. The bank­ ing community is not always willing to to him, be established 1n every Federal De­ $155 milUon in direct funds available for partment, Agency and Commission. normal business purposes during fiscal year, participate in the guarantee program. SBA 1976, $55 million was earmll.rked for Econo­ figures show that at the end of fiscal 1975 :MANAGEMENT mic Opportunity loans (reserved solely fol" just 184 banks had 10 or more loans out­ Management assistance ls another or the the socially and economically disadvantaged) standing and that only 111 had more than areas in which the Small Business Admin- February 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2415 istration can increase valuable assistance to NOMINATION OF OUTSTANDING As this was the first time in this congres­ the beleaguered small businessman. YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN TO sional district that such a review panel had NFIB believes that the Small Business SERVICE ACADEMIES been created, it was a new experience for Administration should provide a wide va­ us. Mike Murphy, who's in charge of Banker's riety of management services and informa­ Olympia office, told us when we assembled tion on many levels. in a room at the Governor's House that he Another important goal of the Manage­ HON. DON BONKER had expected we would have 20 applicants ment Assistance program should be to bring OF WASHINGTON to interview and that we would be able to its services and advice to the small business complete the schedule by 5 o'clock. community. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But Bonker had announced the review PROCUREMENT Wednesday, February 4, 1976 panel two weeks before in a news letter, and The pl'Ocurement assistance that the Small the result was that the list had swollen to 38. Business Administration provides for the Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, tradi­ He figured it would take us until 7:45, work­ small business community is excellent. Be­ tionally Members of Congress have had ing right through the dinner hour, to finish tween 100,000 and 150,000 small firms, em­ the privilege of nominating outstanding up. ploying more than a million Americans, ben­ young men-and now young women-to Robert Utter, a member of the State su­ efit annually from this program. In fiscal the Nation's three service academies. It preme Court, acted as chairman of the panel. 1975 these firms received $18.4 billion in is an important responsibility in that The other members, besides myself, were Bud Federal contracts as a result of SBA assist­ these select young people will become the Kuehner of Centralia, Lewis County treas­ ance. urer; Kay Green, a staff writer for the Long­ It is a well conceived and well executed future leaders of our Nation's Armed view Daily News, and John Wilkinson of Cos­ effort. Forces. The task is also extremely dif .. mopolis, a vice president of Weyerhaeuser. RESEARCH ficult considering the exceptional quality The sixth member, President William Reike of Pacific Lutheran University, was in Alaska. Reliable, accurate research and analysis of today's aspiring students. To aid in this challenging job, I have We spent 10 minutes with each applicant. is the foundation on which all Small Busi­ It wasn't enough time, but it's all we had. ness Administration programs should be appointed six community leaders, rep­ We scored them on appearance and poise, built. SBA should be constantly aware of resenting various parts of the sprawling motivation for a military career, interest in the status of small business in the economy Third Congressional District, to serve on current events, and oral communication. and it should be able to advise Congress and a newly created academy review panel. Then we added our comments and our over­ the Executive Branch how this vital sector They met in November, in what turned all rating. will react to different economic stimuli and out to be a marathon session, to review We took an hour off for lunch. I had an to changes in programs. the 38 candidates who had applied to the appointment in Seattle that night, so I had NFIB believes that SBA's research and to peel off at 5:30, at which point the panel analysis capability should be upgraded to 3 service academies. Last week I formally had interviewed 26. I found out later that the same level of competency as the Bureau nominated a principal candidate and the other four panelists finished interview­ of Labor Statistics in the Department of several alternatives to each of the Acad­ ing the rest of them at 7:30, had dinner, then Labor or the Economic Research Service of emies-Military, Naval, Air Force. My worked until 11:30 putting the applicants in the Department of Agriculture. choices paralleled the academy review order of preference. STAFFING panel's recommendations. The responses to our questions were inter­ SBA staff levels have not changed signifi­ Two of the panel members, Mr. Ned esting. What's the most serious national cantly since 1966. Yet, in just the last five Thomas, who is a newspaper publisher problem? The economy, the New York de­ years it has been given responsibility for fault, loss of confidence in political leaders. from Port Angeles, and Ms. Kay Green, Internationally? The Middle East, Commu­ nine new loan programs. At the end of fiscal business editor of the Longview Daily 1975 the Agency has 4,127 permanent em­ nist takeovers in other countries. Asked what News, recently wrote thoughtful columns reading he'd done on the side in the last year, ployees to administer at least 35 separate on their reflections of the panel's delib­ one boy said it was "The Rise and Fall of programs to a constituency of 9,420,000 firms, the Third Reich," another said it was "Cen­ and if legislation already passed by both erations and the agonizing job of select­ ing from among so many outstanding tennial." the House and Senate is enacted, SBA will A boy from Forks said he had to hurry receive two new major programs. candidates. Their sentiments, I am sure, home to play basketball against Port Town­ In relation to other agencies representing are shared by everyone who has served send that night. A little later a chap from major sectors of American society SBA is on such a board, and at this time I would Port Townsend· said he was playing that grossly understaffed. The following chart like to have the articles inserted in the night against Forks. comparing it with the Depal'ltments of Com­ RECORD: The appointments at stake are to the Mili­ merce and Agriculture will underline this (From the Port Angeles (Wash.) Daily News, tary Academy at West Point, Naval Academy graphically. Dec. 14, 1975] at Annapolis and the Air Force Academy at Agency, Constituency, Staffing, These are Colorado Springs. The Coast Guard and Mer­ budget authorizations for 1977: THE YOUNGER GENERATION chant Marine academies handle their own Agriculture, 3 million farmers, 80,400 (By Ned Thomas) appointments. employees. I've just had an experience which has re­ · It's estimated that it costs $100,000 to put Commerce, 320,000 firms (3.3 % ), 28,700 newed my faith in the younger generation. a person through four years at the Army, employees. Our congressman, Don Bonker, appointed Naval or Air Force academ:-. This is why we SBA, 9,420,000 firms (96.7% ). 4,400 em­ six people from his district as a panel to probed, to make sure that applicants were ployees. screen applicants for appointment to the sincere about wanting to make a career of the In a table recently published by The Wash­ military academies. I'm the member from military. The "retention rate" of the grad­ ington Star-News showing the number of the North Olympic Peninsula. uates is important to the taxpayers. employees authorized by the 1977 budget We spent Tuesday in Olympia interviewing Banker is entitled to pick one primary for 24 Federal agencies and departments, SBA the candidates, and a sharper group of high nominee and two alternates for each of the had the second lowest total. Only the Fed­ school semors I've never seen. All of them three academies. So the panel, after agoniz­ eral Energy Office, which is less than two had grade point averages of 3.0 or better. A ing, came up with nine names. Bonker, of years old, had fewer employees (1,800). couple were 4.0 students, a few others 3.9. course, will make the final decision and his nominees will be announced in mid-January. NFIB belleves·that the staffing of the Small One was 3.9 plus and reported that the lone "B" grade he had was in physical education, I wish every one of those 38 could be ap~ Business Administration is inadequate and pointed. They were that great. that it must be expanded to meet its present yet he quarterbacked the football team. Most of them also were athletes. All of 1·esponsibilities. [From the Lon•zview (Wash.) Daily News, In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, NFIB would them were into all kinds of extracurricular activities, including student government. Jan. 23, 1976] · like to stress that it believes that the true BEST MII.ITARY ACADEMY NOMINEES HARD potential of the Small Business Administra­ One was his student council's representa­ tive to the school board. Another had re­ TO SELECT tion to act as the partner and advocate of written the constitution for his student gov­ (By Kay Green) the small business community has hardly ernment. Quite a number were musicians. been tapped. SBA cannot do any more than How do you skim the cream off what is All were poised, well spoken and highly com­ already the cream? it is now unless its very limited resources petitive. This was my experience recently when I and authority are significantly expanded. Among them were youngsters from Port was on a panel of five persons which screened This Committee has the opportunity to take Angeles, Sequim, Port Townsend, Joyce and 38 appl1cants for appointment to the mili­ ·the first positive steps in this direction. The Forks. Five of the candidates were girls, now tary academies. Federation urges you to do so and pledges that the academies have been opened to Congressman Don Banker appointed six its support for your efforts. women. persons, one of whom was out of town Dec. 2416 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Feb'r'UAlry 4, 1976 9, to interview the applicants and to help ference of business executives in Brussels gigantic Christmas tree as they ap­ him select his principal nominees and al­ deserve more attention here than they proached the structure at night. It was ternates for each of the three academies. candidates sought admission to the Mill­ so far have received. a. striking reminder of the season of sea­ tary Academy at West Point, the Naval According to an Associated Press re­ sons, and thousands had access to this Academy at Annapolis and the Air Force port, he said, Europe no longer can rely unusual sight. Academy at Colorado Springs. Coast Guard on the United States for its mllitary pro­ Then as the New Year approached, the and Merchant Marine academies handle their tection and must do more on its own. He configuration of lighted windows was own appointments. explained: changed to show "75" in huge numerals. It was a long, but rewarding day. Mike People say that if something goes wrong, At the stroke of midnight, thanks again Murphy, who manages Bonker's Olympia of­ the Americans will protect us. But let us be to the ingenuity of American Family em­ fice, had scheduled applicants up to 7:45 cautious. Although it is clear that America's ployees, the lights were swiftly changed p.m. with, only an hour out for lunch. interests, not America's duty, prevent Europe to show "76." We talked with young persons from Se­ from fa.lllng under Soviet domination, it is quim, Port Angeles, Chehalis, Centralia, also clear that the Americans will leave us Knowing American Family founder Enumclaw, Olympia, Longview, Kelso, Kala­ to our fate if they realize that the Europeans and president, John Amos, as I do and ma, Issaqah, Joyce and Forks. There were five are not prepared to defend themselves or appreciating his community spirit and women because academies have opened their contribute to the necessary effort. service, I await eagerly the next holiday doors to women. season and seeing what he and his as­ We interviewed outstanding athletes, 4.0 Vanden Boeynants, it seems to me, has sociates have in store for the inspira­ students, student body omcers, a cheerleader gotten the message from the military­ tional benefit and uplifting of passersby. and musicians. All were involved in extra­ burdened American people-the grass­ curricular activities. Three had to get home roots, indeed, of the country-more that evening to play basketball. Each was confident and most were at ease. clearly than has our own State Depart­ The quarterback on a football team had a ment with its insistence on maintaining EXTEND TIME LIMIT ON USE 3.9 plus grade average and noted that his huge U.S. forces on European soil and on OF VETERANS' EDUCATIONAL lone B was in physical education. paying the lion's share of the overall ASSISTANCE Several girls interviewed have brothers at­ NATO costs. tending or who have attended academies. A The situation has been one of grave number have fathers who had been in the injustice to our people since postwar m1Utary. Europe first acquired the money and HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER Only 10 minutes were scheduled per in­ means necessary to provide for itself. OF COLORADO terview, not nearly enough time. Specific IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES questions were asked to evaluate each on It has been a major reason for our un­ appearance and poise, motivation for a mili­ balanced budgets and skyrocketing debt Wednesday, February 4, 1976 tary career, interest in current events (na­ and it also has been an incalculable Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I am tional and world) and oral communication. waste to us of the energies of hundreds Panel members tallied our comments and of thousands of our young men who have today introducing legislation to extend rated the applicants. been compelled to while away their most from 10 to 15 years the period in which Then we tried to pick the "cream" of the productive years in European army veterans' educational assistance may be crop. We shumed a.nd shumed and shumed camps. used. papers, finding it dimcult to place one above From 1965 to 1972, it was very difficult another or even eliminate one. I hope the Belgium Defense Minister's for veterans to take advantage of their It was nearly midnight before we felt statement that we no longer can be de­ confident enough to call it a day, a long pended upon and that Europeans had educational benefits due to overcrowded one. Banker felt confident in our recom­ better begin looking after themselves colleges and the harassment they received mendations because he indicated this week penetrates the thinking of those free on the compuses. Also, many veterans he will follow our suggestions. suffered from emotional problems which Banker wlll pick one primary nominee and world leadership idealists who continue slowed down their educational progress. two alternates for each of the three acade­ to shape our foreign commitments. It For many veterans, it took some time to mies. may be ironic that the need of change get over the trauma of war and reorder It costs approximately $20,000-a-year to first found official expression in Europe their lives. put one person through an academy. Banker rather than here. But I am glad of 1t. wanted his nominees to have the necessary Another factor that must be considered motivation for a mllltary career and to be is the present state of the economy. Em­ worthy of an appointment, so chose a re­ ployment opportunities are few in many view panel to help him make these evalua­ EXAMPLES OF COMMUNITY­ parts of the country. The benefits of tions. MINDEDNESS veterans' educational assistance here are This is the first time a review panel has threefold: bee:o. used in this congressional district. First, it gives veterans an income at It gave panel members a little idea of just HON. JACK BRINKLEY how many outstandfng young people there a time when chances of employment are are in this congressional district. It's un­ OF GEORGIA slim while enabling them to further their fortunate all can't receive appointments. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES educations, which is far better than hav­ Robert Utter, a member of the State su­ Wednesday, February 4, 1976 ing them on the unemployment rolls. In preme Court, was panel chairman. Other the long run, tne return in tax dollars panelists, in addition to myself, were Bud Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, occa­ from veterans who are gainfully em­ Kuehner of Centralia, Lewis County treas­ sionally we all see examples of commu­ ployed is estimated to be four times urer; John Wilkinson of Cosmopolis, a vice nity-mindedness which deserve special president of Weyerhaeuser Co., and Ned greater than the money spent to help Thomas, associate publisher of The Dally comment, particularly when they have them get an education. News in Port Angeles. The other appointed to do with focusing attention on seasonal Second, when the economy does im­ panel member who could not serve, William celebrations in which all the people can prove, the veterans' chances of landing Reiken, president of Pacific Lutheran Uni­ participate. versity, was in Alaska. Such an example occurred in my jobs will be increased due to the educa­ hometown of Columbus, Ga., during the tions they were able to receive. recent holiday season, thanks to the in­ Third, many veterans who have lost EUROPE NEEDS TO DO MORE genuity of the world's largest cancer in­ their jobs due to the state of the economy surance company, American Family Life are being forced to find new jobs and de­ HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS Assurance Co., of which Columbus is velop new skills. These veterans are in OF PENNSYLVANIA fortunate enough to be home base and need of their educational benefits now whose handsome skyscraper building is more than ever. The chance to go back IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an asset to the community. to school and acquire a new skill is often Wednesday, February 4, 1976 At Christmastime, American Family their only alternative to signing up for Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, the re­ arranged to have office lights on the unemployment. marks of Belgium's Defense Minister, Wynnton Road sides of its building The veterans deserve a fair shake. Let Paul Vandem Boeynants, to a recent con- turned on so that passersby could see a us give them one. February 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2417 INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS to do for individuals what they cannot neeessa1·y social services, and other fiscal AND HUMAN RESOURCES SUB­ do for themselves. States have adequate crises "New York City style." COMMITTEE revenues and taxing authorities to pro­ The recent study by the Urban Affairs vide the serviees required by the people Subcommittee of the Joint Economic of the state. The local units, however, Committee displays the seriousness of HON. JERRY LITTON find real ditnculty these days in provid­ the local gov&nmenm' 1isca1 problems: OF MISSOURI ing even minimum social services-road "Unencumbered surpluses: Unencmn­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and street maintenance, fire and police bered surpluses .are must less significant Wednesday, February 4, 1976 protection, educational facilities. recrea­ for local government budgets than for tion and youth centersJ ad infinition for State governments. Local governments Mr. LITTON. Mr. Speaker, I know that their populations. If we do not address tend to operate as near to a balanced the Intergovernmental Relations and ourselves to the problems of cities and budget as possible with .surpll.lSeS gener­ Human Resources Subcommittee of the local governments .raising revenues, we ally returned to citizens through tax .re­ Government Operations Committee has force them to become increasingly de­ ductions or service improvements. before them a mountain of revenue shar­ pendent on complicated Federal and Nevertheless~ 122 of the 140 local gov­ ing bills which they have ferreted state programs which bog down 1n a ernments surveyed entered the current through during the past months. I. re­ bureaucratic quagmire. They are often fiscal year with a .combined surplus of spect the monumental task of conscien­ not responsive at the local levels oo the approximately $340 million, or slightly tiously scrutinizing all of the recom­ people we represent and frequently in­ above 1 percent of their total budgets. mendations before them, and the sub­ volve considerable waste of the tax­ This surplus is being totally depleted and committee members are to be com­ payers' money. is expected to be a deficit of approxi­ mended for the extensive hearings which Specifically. my bill changes the dis­ mately $10 million by July 1. 1975. Of have been held and the manner in which tribution ratio for revenue-sharing funds these 122 governments, 82 are drawing those hearings were conducted. I was from the usual two-thirds fraction to down their surpluses in the course of the personally pleased with the .reception my local governmental units and one-th1rd current fiscal year. Seventeen will expe­ testimony received and impressed with fraction to State governments for each rience little change in the size of their the quality of questions that were asked State to a formula whereby all -of the 11Ilencumbered surplus and 23 will add to of me. revenue-sharing money will b~ directed their surpluses during the course of the The time has come, however, for the to these local units of government, while year. The most significant deteriora­ legislative process to march on; commu­ the State ~ntitlements are eliminated tion in the size of the unen-cumbered nities throughout my entire State have entirelyJ local prerogative is held in th-e surplus occurred in large jurlsdictions corresponded with me to emphasize the highest esteem. with high unemployment-unemploy­ urgency of enactment of the best possi­ Revenue-sharing moneys were in­ ment rates above the national average. ble revenue sharing blll at the earliest tended to be targeted to those govern­ Fifteen of the 21 high unemployment possible date. This is a necessity for our mental units most in need of Federal as­ jurisdictions with populations in excess local governments, many of which must sistance. State and looal units have been of 500,000 reported accurate data on the formulate their budgets in early 1976 for included in the distribution in the 5-year size of their unencumbered surplus. All fiscal years beginning in July or October. period tnat will soon conclude. State 15 of these jurisdictions-.combined It is impossible for them to compose a governments are not in the fiscal crisis budget of $17.8 billion-reduced their meaningful plan without knowing the that some anticipated. Quoting from the surpluses during the course of the .fiscal extent of their financial resources. I "Comprehensive Study of State and Local year. They entered the fiseal year with find it bitterly ironic that such a hard Governmental Finances" by the Joint a combined surplus of $89 mmion and push is on in Washington for long­ Economic Committee: project a combined deficit of $183 mil­ range planning, yet we do not practice Most states 1in1sh their fiscal years with lion by July 1, 1975. what we preach. Instead '\\-"e leave our lo­ surpluses remalntng ln "their genera.! fund By contrast, the 17-17 out of 22 re­ cal governments in a helpless shroud of ac!ounts a.fter all revenues have been col­ ported accurate data-large jurisdic­ mystery. lected and all expenditures have been made. tions-combined budgets of $4.9 billion­ The revenue sharing legislation I have The States in the past few years have with unemployment rates below the na­ offered, H.R. 10493, is offered not to been able to hold the line on taxation, tional average entered the fiscal year merely add my per.sonal proposal to a with many even cutting their taxes. In with a combined surplus of $80 million popular financial assistance concept, but fact, the Governors of 30 States indi­ and project a surplus of $53 million on to advance a workable solution to the cated that State tax reductions were July 1, 1975. Eleven of these jurisdictions current criticisms of Federal revenue made possible by general revenue-shar­ are drawing down their surpluses during sharing. The ideals embodied in the pres­ ing funds. Governors of 10 States stated the course of the fiscal year, two expect ent State anci Local Fiscal Assistance Act are generally regarded highly by local that general revenue-sharing funds fore­ no change, and four expect their sur­ government "Officials, Federal lawmakers, starred new taxes. This information pluses to increase. and U.S. citizenry. It is now time to add comes from the February 1975, Office of Expenditures: Expenditure reductions the fine edges. The major provisions of Revenue Sharing, Department of the by the surveyed local governments fol­ the Local Revenue Assistance Act I Treasury "Reported Use 1973-74, A Tab­ lowed almost exactly the same pattern as have introduced do this while returning ulation and Analysis of Data from Ac­ revenue adjustments. Fifty-~ix of the 140 to the basic philosophies of Federal reve­ tual Use Report 4." Many programs pre­ surveyed governments reported that sig­ nue sharing. viously financed by the States have been nificant cuts had been made in current The legislation I have introduced will turned over to general Federal revenue­ service levels. The total value of the ex .. change the formula for Federal revenue sharing financing. This is counter to the penditure cuts is $855 million, or approxi­ sharing, shifting benefits from State gov­ Federal revenue-sharing concept of add­ mately 2. 7 percent of the combined budg­ ernments who can raise their own rev­ ing new programs and services to gov­ et of the 140 communities. enues to cities, counties, municipalties, ernmental units. In aggregate, the State Eleven of the 21 large jurisdictions- and other local units of government governments had a combined surplus of 500,000 plus population-with high un­ which are suffering from chronic prob­ $6.5 billion at the beginning of the 1975 employment have been f"Orced to reduce lems in raising adequate revenue to sup­ fiscal year. This -certainly does not reflect service levels to keep their budgets in port important local servi-ces. This bill a financial crisis at the State leveL balance. The total value of these service shifts some of the tax burden away from The heart of fiscal dilemmas in this cuts is $740 million, or approximately 3.6 inequitable local property taxes and re­ country can be found in local units of percent of the comblned budget for the gressive city sales taxes. government, especially dramatized by the 21 ·communities. Nine of the 22 low-un­ I have always felt the Federal Govern­ large metropolitan centers. Here is where employment large jurisdictions have re­ ment exists to do for the States what one encounters rampant property tax duced current service levels. The total they cannot do for themselves, the States escalations, sales taxes to 1inance ur­ va1ue of these reductions 1s $45 million, exist to do for .the cities what they can­ gently needed transit systems, frantic or approximately 0.8 percent of the com­ not do for themselves, and the cities exist municipal bond marketing, decreasing bined budget of the 22 jurisdictions. For CXXII--153-Pa.rt 2 2418 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1976 large jurisdictions, the service cuts en­ deals with the appropriation level, with sharing funds. The fixed appropriation cuts enacted by low-unemployment juris­ the main purpose being to tie the total levels for the 5-year period covered un­ tions are 4.5 times larger than the service yearly appropriation into a formula that der the present act have not reflected cuts enacted by low-unemployment juris­ is responsive to the changes in the eco­ economic growth or recession. This is dictions. COmparison is of the dollar size nomic growth pattern of the country. My counter to Federal revenue sharing of the reductions, as a percentage of the bill establishes a 6-percent net amount of philosophy and economic reality. My bill respective budgets. the Federal individual income taxes as addresses this failing. The beauty of the new distribution the yearly determination for total dollar My presentation here has been formula of my bill is that the treasuries appropriation for local revenue assist­ lengthy. Federal revenue sharing is not of all local governmental units will be ance from the Federal Government. The a concise topic. My attempt has been enhanced. total Federal revenue sharing fund to conscientiously outline the principles It is not a sweeping loss for the State would then be in harmony with the of my bill, because I feel quite strongly governments at all. Obviously, if the local fiuctations of the economy. This is con­ about this legislation. I hope my col­ units of government receive more Fed­ leagues will offer their support and co­ gruous with the original conception of sponsorship to this unique approach to eral revenue sharing money, then their revenue sharing, whereby Federal Federal revenue sharing to our most needs for State assistance will be less­ revenue sharing developed from the basic personal units of government. ened. Thus, there will be an indirect sav­ prospects of revenue excesses that result In summary, I am including a State­ ings for the State governments. from a growing economy. As the excess by-State report which will graphically The other major aspect of my bill levels oscillated, so would the revenue depict my argument. STATE GOVERNMENT FISCAL STATUS

Cash and security holdings of State Cash and security holdings of State governments for other than insurance governments for other than insurance Percent trust funds bond funds, or offsets to Percent trust funds, bond funds, or offsets to increase long-term debt comparing fiscal year increase long-term debt comparing fiscal year 1973 in total 1968 to fiscal year 1973 1973 in total 1968 to fiscal year 1973 general general general general revenue revenues Percent revenue revenues Percent excess (fiscallears chan~e excess (fiscal ~ars chan~e State (or-) 196 -73) 1968 1973 (1968-7 ) State (or-) 196 73) 1968 1973 (1968 -7 )

TotaL ••••••••••••••• $5,039 91.30 $17,467 $32,802 87.8 Missouri ••••• ------· 156 75.39 405 429 5. 9 Montana ••• ------· 32 80.34 86 164 90.7 Alabama ••• ------86 77.06 178 414 132.6 Nebraska •••••••••••••••••• 63 79.56 158 215 36.1 Alaska •••••••••••••••••••• -205 69.91 101 760 652.5 Nevada •••• ------·--- 17 97.14 45 64 42.2 Arizona ••• ·······------28 87.90 168 323 92.3 New Hampshire •••••••••••• -9 108.38 22 47 113.6 Arkansas •••••••••••••••••• 106 76.10 115 299 160.0 New Jersey •••••••••••••••• 92 115.12 672 1, 227 California •••••••••••••••••• 82.6 1.ug 68.31 1,468 2,680 82.6 New Mexico ••••••••••••••• 67 63.55 417 678 62.6 Colorado ••••••• ··------95.28 193 435 125.4 New York.---·------629 113.64 3, 342 208.6 Connecticut •••••••••••••••• 104 112.85 264 460 74.2 North Carolina ••••••••••••• 231 93.19 1,~~ 1, 116 62. 7 Delaware •••••••••••••••••• -55 79.39 178 163 -8.4 North Dakota •••••••••••••• 28 55.60 146 223 52.7 Florida ••••• ------· 229 144.90 426 1, g~~ 148.4 Ohio ••••••••• ------62 86.40 611 107.9 61 90.38 342 55.8 Oklahoma •• ------15 52.17 359 1, ~6~ 40.9 ~~~:lr:.~::::::::::::::::: -137 88.30 135 231 71.1 Oregon ••••••••••••• ------44 86.39 231 371 60.6 Idaho ••••••• ------12 76.52 145 179 23.4 Pennsylvania •••• ------27 113.36 582 1, 356 133.0 Illinois ••• --·--·------170 117.35 553 903 63.3 Rhode Island •••••••••••••• 34 97.92 26 100 284. 6 Indiana ••• ------87 53.91 412 586 42.2 South Carolina ••••••••••••• 80 108.11 144 359 149. 3 Iowa ••••••••• ------54 59.88 305 416 36.4 South Dakota •••••••••••••• 3 67.47 114 147 28.9 Kansas •••••• ------· 118 73.97 266 380 42.9 Tennessee ••••••••••••••••• 146 81.43 280 520 85.7 KentuckY------88 90.45 189 400 111.6 Texas •••••••• ···------· 598 88.68 2,156 3, 369 56.3 louisiana •••••••••••••••••• 40 57.59 187 462 147.1 Utah •• _------· 59 81.53 88 200 127.3 Maine. __ •••••••• ------5 118.40 67 186 177.6 Vermont ••••••••••••••••••• -6 96.57 45 105 133.3 Maryland •••••••••••••••••• -89 108.43 154 484 214.3 Virginia •••• ------73 96.84 333 627 88.3 Massachusetts ••• ------114 110.69 193 855 343.0 Washington •••••••••••••••• 5 67.81 539 581 7. 8 362 94.20 567 110.9 Michlgan ••••••••• ------1, ~~~ West Virginia •••••••••••••• 23 83.33 106 332 213. 2 Minnesota ••••••• ------62 87.48 897 6. 2 Wisconsin ••••• ------174 91.26 359 641 78.6 Mississippi •••••• ------77 101.50 105 238 126.7 Wyoming •••••••••••• ------10 44.99 163 219 34.4 ------Note: This report is a summarization of an analysis prepared by lillian Rymarowicz, analyst in Federal Budget of the Economics Division of the library of Congress.

THE HAGERSTOWN EXCHANGE and 10 at 8:30p.m. There will be special success story of a distinguished woman CLUB events including Dedication Day, Home­ who rose to the position of judge after coming Day, One Nation Under God Day, se.rving as the first woman secretary of HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON Sports and Recreation Day, Industry, the Justice Courts of Merced County, Agriculture and Transportation Day, Calif. Her story both predates and post­ OF 1.\UltYLANI) Youth Day, Older Americans Day, Old dates the new struggle of women for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Fashioned Bargain Days, and finally equal rights, and her retirement puts a Wednesday, February 4, 1976 Armed Forces Day. fitting postscript on her own part in ob­ It involves a great deal of work and taining recognition in that long process. Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, yesterday personal sacrifice to arrange such an ex­ morning it was my pleasure to partic­ On January 10, 1976, Judge Flossie tensive program, and I commend the Lobo--after 38 years of se.rvice to the ipate in the presentation of a Freedom members of the Hagerstown Exchange Shrine given by the Hagerstown Ex­ cause of justice-began a well-earned Club for undertaking such a massive pro­ retirement. Before she became a judge, change Club to Williamsport High ject. I feel sure that it will be very suc­ School. The Hagerstown Exchange Club she served 13 years as the secretary to cessful and provide inspiration to all her predecessor, Judge McCray. She be­ has been involved in many worthwhile those participating. projects, and this one certainly continues came the county's .only woman judge on the tradition of helping make our young January 9, 1951, by being elected by the people aware of their Government and people of Merced County as the county's its important State documents. A SALUTE TO RETIRED JUDGE only woman judge-to the vacancy I also want to congratulate the Hag­ FLOSSIE LOBO caused by Judge McCray's retirement. erstown Exchange Club on their partic­ Thus, she se.rved 25 years to the day on ipation in the Washington County Bi­ HON. B. F. SISK the Justice Court bench. centennial program. The Hagerstown In 1960, she served as president of the OF CALIFORNIA State of California Judges, Marshals, Exchange Club is sponsoring and orga­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nizing a pageant at South Hagerstown and Constables Association, being the High School to commemorate the 200th Wednesday, February 4, 1976 first and only woman to be so honored anniversary of our independence. The Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, I would like to by her colleagues of the bench. Nor were pageant is scheduled for July 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, call to the attention of my colleagues a her colleagues the only ones to appreci- Februat·y 4, 1976 EXTENSION OF REMARKS 2419 ate her abilities. Her fellow members o! a responsible n1anner in a very difficult cepted by Gov. Ray Blauton of Tennessee tb.e Soroptimist Club of Merced tw1ce situation. in ceremonies Tuesday morning in the honored he.r with the presldency-ln The security of the United States and rotunda of the Russell Building, As dean 1951 and again in 1964. our citizens is the No. 1 priority we ha-ve of the Tennessee oongressional delega­ On February 15, 1976, residents of the .as elected public otncials~ The Central tion, it was my pleasure to introduce county .she has so well served .over a 38- Intelligence Agency has been involved 1n members of the Tennessee delegation in year period will hono.r .F.lossie Lobo at a this significant and dangerous work far attendance-Senators HOWARD BAKER testimonial dinner-not so mucl:. for be­ almost 30 years and all in all they have and BILL BROCK -and Representative ing the first woman judge, but for the performed honorably and courageously. MARILYN LLOYD llf Chattanooga, 'WhO compassion and understanding which The current atmosphere of suspicion and made brief remarks concerning the noble have made her their friend throughout a accusation must subside if the Congress, history, heritage and traditions of lifetime dedicated to service. I am sure I the Executive. and the people are to ad­ Tennessee. express the feelings of this body in wish­ equately respect the important mission In my remarks, I pointed out that ing her many happy years of friendship of the CIA. N-ewspaper leaks, publication Tennessee has an illus'trious history, hav­ and enjoyment in retirement. of the names of CIA officers, and other ing provided the Nation with three Pres­ irresponsible acts must cease if the CIA idents-Andrew J·ackson, Andrew John­ is to do its job. We must make sure we son, and James K. Polk. P.resident Polk do not weaken the CIA, but strengthen it was the only Speaker of the Rouse to HOUSE CIA P..EPORT and correct any abuses contrary to achieve the Nation's highest office. democracy. Tennessee was settled in large part by Yet, the Congress must have knowl­ veterans of the Revolutionary War who HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO edge of what the CIA is doing and what were given land grants as payment for OF ILLINOIS overall policy directions the CIA Js pur­ their service in the Revolutionary War. As IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES suing. Last week's Yote continued the I also pointed out to Mayor Washing­ separation that has existed between the ton and others attending the ceremony Wednesday, February 4, 1976 Congress and the President over this is­ in the rotunda, perhaps this ancestry of Mr. RUSSO. Mr. .Speaker. last week we. That vote did not permit us to re­ courage and valor explains why Ten­ the House of Representatives by a vote view the information that the President nessee became known .as the Volunteer of 246 to 124 adopted a resolution that wants to suppress. The Members simply State with its men willing to volunteer effectively permits the President to de­ did not know whether this material would to defend and protect the United States lete material from a report of the House harm the national interest as the Presi­ in wars fought for freedom, liberty and Select Committee on Intelligence that dent .suggested. The Members of the the cherished American way of life. he determines is contrary to the nation­ House were placed in an impossible posi­ The mas·ter of ceremonies .at the ro­ al interest. Although I .supported the tion-Vote "yes" and abandon congres­ tunda was Dr. A. K. Stanley, .executive amendment proposed by the Committee sional responsibility, v,ote "no•• and take director, District of Columbia Bicen­ on Rules, I did so with considerable re­ the chance that information harmful to tennial office. luctance, because I felt the Members of the national security interests of the Following the ceremony in the rotunda, the House were pr-esented with a poor United States would be released. I would there was a luncheon in the Raybm'!l choice no matter which way they decided have preferred an executive session of Building where Mrs. Walter Washington, to vote. the House of Representatives so that representing the Mayor, spoke eloquently From the numerous facts that have Members eould hear and judge f,or them­ of the illustrious history of Tennessee. be'm leaked to the press and from discus­ selves the disputed material in the Pike The Fisk Jubilee Singers entertained sions with my colleagues who are respon­ committee report. with beautiful renditions of such patr1- sible for oversight of the Central Intel­ I supported the CIA and the President otie songs as "'This Is My Country.'' The ligence Agency it is clear that the CIA with my vote, because of my belief that Country cavaliers of Nashville, a musical has engaged in activities that are repre­ any potential threat to the national se­ group; also played patriotic songs. hensible to a free society. The secret curity of our country should be avoided at Jonathan Ross, a fifth grade student bombing of Cambodia and the plot to all costs. The issues involved in last at Kingsman Elementary School, recited as::;assinate Cuban Dictator Fidel Castro, week's debate must no-t be forgotten. The a poem which he had written about Ten­ as my colleague fl'Om Colorado (Mr. liberties .of the American people cannot nessee. Students at Kingsman Elemen­ JoHNsoN) pointed out in debate, were be trampled by any ann of Government. tary School, Maury Elementary School certainly known to the Cambodians who In additi.on, the Congress as the elected and Miner Elementary School composed were being bombed and by Castro whom Representativ-es of the people cannot poems about Tennessee which were com­ they were attempting to kill. The only turn their backs ,on their legitimate over­ piled and printed in a folder available people who did not know about this ac­ sight responsibilities. To protect our free­ to those attending the luncheon. These tivity were the American people and the dom we must all be vigilant. To safe­ schools are located near Tennessee Ave­ guard the security of the American peo­ nue in Washington. Congress of the United States~ ple the proper role of intelligence activi­ I am troubled by the Rules Committee The poem by Jonathan Ross is as amendment which in my view abdicates ties must be clearly defined with vigilant follows: congressional oversight responsibility. and thoughtful congressional oversight TENNESSEE of Executive action. Have you heard of the State of TeniH~ssce ? My good friend from Illinois Vietnam War dead, and Eagle research. USAF) is a life member of Oil City Aerie No. police and firemen killed in the line of duty. 283. J. Edgar Hoover, the late FBI Chief, was The Eagles are also responsible for l\!gisla­ While significant national campaigns have tion protecting the over 40 worker from job a brother, too. The list is infinite. Eagles are always characterized Eagle activity, the 'grass people, famous and obscure, mighty and discrimination because of his age. roots' strength lies in the local Aeries and The latest Eagle programs are "Hometown, humble, great and small. Auxiliaries. Their civic and benevolent con­ Among those who have stood out from the U.S.A."-a campaign to make our hometowns tributions have been generous and frequent. of America just a little better for you and crowd are the career Eagles themselves. Blood banks to save lives, an iron lung pur­ There was Con Mann, the hearty Dutchman me, and the "Home and Family Program" de­ chased for a young polio victim, Aerie quar­ signed to strengthen the home and family as from Milwaukee, who piloted the Fraternity ters provide for a teen-age center, a Christ­ to a position of national prominence in the the basic unit in our society. mas Party for the underprivileged kids in the The Fraternal Order of Eagles, with viril­ early part of this century. Then there was community, funds for a city youth play­ Frank Hering, silver haired orator from ity and vision, is just beginning to flex its Notre Dame University, who made the first ground; donations to the Red Cross, the muscles with over 3200 Aeries and Auxiliaries known plea for the observance of Mother's Community Chest, and other community continuing the work started by six men on a Day, who later served the Eagle Magazine as services and programs is but a part of the Seattle waterfront 78 years ago. its editor for many years. Among contempo­ magnificent benevolence of the Fraternal rary leaders are Wisconsin Supreme Court Order of Eagles. No accurate accounting of Justice Robert W. Hansen, who served the the total spent by local Aeries and Auxil­ Order twice as its International President; iaries for charitable purposes has ever been kept, but no doubt, over the years, it would "SWORDFISH" SKIPPER, RETIRED Joseph Fournier, present International Pres­ ADMIRAL SMITH DIES ident, who travels the crossroads of the Na­ run into staggering millions, and in terms tion garnering support for Eagle Programs, of human happiness and betterment the and Maurice Splain, Jr., Grand Aerie Mem­ amount is above the monetary realm, and bership Department leader who cares for the measured only in terms of the human heart. In the 1950's, the Eagles set their sights HON. JOHN P. HAMMERSCHMIDT membership growth of the Fighting Frater~ OF ARKANSAS nity. on new goals to "make human life more de­ In the three decades from 1910 to 1940, the sirable." During that decade, the Eagles IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES burgeoning Order acquired a new title, "the raised over one m.illion dollars for the Da­ Wednesday, February ·4, 1976 Fighting Fraternity." In those years, the mon Runyon Cancer Fund, prompting the Eagles were in the vanguard in social legis­ fund's founder, Walter Winchell, to write in Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT. Mr. Speaker, lative progress, moving courageously, fighting his nationally syndicated column that the on Ja.nuary 24, the Nation and the city for changes to insure a more secure· life for Eagles are "the Santa Claus of the Da- of Harrison, Ark., lost one of its most 2430 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1976 dedicated and devoted citizens, Vice Adm. the Legion of Merit and the Bronze Star, operation conducted by the Intelligence Chester C. Smith, U.S. Navy, retired. Vice Admiral Smith received the Navy Division. the criminal enforcement arm A native of Bisbee, Ariz., Vice Admiral Unit Commendation; the Army Distin.. of the Internal Revenue Service. Smith graduated from the U.S. Naval guished Unit Emblem; the Yangtze Serv­ Second. It provides the opportunity to Academy in 1925. His naval career, fol­ ice Medal; the American Defense Serv­ study the relationship of the Internal lowing his commission on June 4 of that ice Medal; the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Revenue Service Intelligence Division to year, was one of the most outstanding in Medal; the American Campaign Medal; the Justice Department's Strike Forces recent times. the World War II Victory Medal; the in the context of a specific operation. In July 1939, Smith assumed command China Service Medal; the Navy Occupa­ Third. It raises questions about the of the USS Swordfish in Manila. On the tion Service Medal; the National Defense use of confidential informants and con­ submarine's first patrol on December 9, Service Medal; the Korean Service fidential funds. 1941, 2 days following the attack on Pearl Medal; the United Nations Service Fourth. It provides an opportunity to Harbor, the Swordfish sank a Japanese Medal; and the Philippine Defense examine the way in which the Internal supply ship, the first to be destroyed in Ribbon. Revenue Service Inspection Divisi"On, the the war. The Swordfish successfully com­ But perhaps even more important internal investigations arm of the In­ pleted 6 war patrols in enemy waters than the recognition he received in the ternal Revenue Service, conducts an in­ under Smith's command, and during this form of medals and awards, was the rec­ vestigation of sister divisions. time, she sank 12 enemy vessels and ognition Smith received from those he Top management of the Internal severely damaged many more. For extra­ served with, and from those who served Revenue Service presented its views at ordinary heroism and continuous out­ under him in the Navy. With a glowing the subcommittee's first Operation Lep­ standing actions against the enemy dur­ career to his credit, he was stUl termed rechaun hearing on March 26, 1975. At ing his command of the submarine, by his naval comrades as the "most mod­ that hearing and in other public state­ Smith was awarded the Navy Cross with est in the fleet." ments, the Internal Revenue Service vir­ a Gold Star. Smith's war year experiences served as tually conceded the validity of charges Relieved of command of the Swordfish some of the notable opening tales in that Operation Leprechaun had been an in January 1943, Smith was designated Robert J. Casey's book, "Battle Below." improper investigation. Commander Submarine Division 61, and Casey noted that Smith was judged by However, at the second hearing, on De­ for exceptionally meritorius conduct dur­ his peers to be the top submarine skipper cember 2, 1975, the subcommittee heard ing operations against the enemy Jap­ of the war, with a calm sense of judg­ the views of the special agent who con­ anese forces in the forward Pacific war ment, coupled with courage that was an ducted Operation Leprechaun, the Per­ areas, he was a warded the Legion of inspiration to all who served with him. sonnel Division employee who reviewed Merit. Following his retirement, Smith be­ the Inspection Division investigation and From March 1944 to April1945, Smith gan working on the Poseidon project the Assistant Regional Commissioner had duty in the headquarters of the com· with Lockheed Aircraft and Missile. who was in the line of authority over mander in chief, U.S. Fleet, Navy Depart• Never one to take his positions less than the special agent. The testimony of these ment, Washington, D.C. In May 1945, he seriously, he continued to advance his assumed command of Submarine Squad­ witnesses indicated that Operation Le­ educational experience to meet the new prechaun was a legitimate law enforce­ ron 30 and again distinguished himself in demands of the space age. He remained service, receiving a Commendation Rib­ ment project from which good criminal bon with authority to wear the Bronze with Lockheed until 1970. cases developed and that any defects in Star. Chester Smith was a man who served the operation were largely technical. Following the war, Smith's outstanding his country well. His personal courage At the third hearing, on December 12, naval service career continued. Shortly and sense of commitment to his country 1975, the subcommittee heard witnesses after the Japanese surrender, he was was unparalleled, and his patriotism and who indicated that the reaction of top transferred to command of Submarine professionalism unquestioned. He earned management to the supposed abuses of Squadron 10 and later reported as Chief a well-deserved place in the annals of Operation Leprechaun engendered red­ of Staff and aide to Commander Sub­ America's World War II history and an tape which was detrimental to the In­ marine Force, Atlantic. even greater place in the minds of the ternal Revenue Service in developing Smith attended the National War Col­ men who he commanded in wartom criminal cases and to State and local lege and after a year with the General times. agencies which need to cooperate with Board, Navy Department, completed the As a nation, we can be grateful to Vice the Internal Revenue Service. senior course at the Naval War College. Admiral Smith for the outstanding serv­ The fourth hearing in the series will In 1950, Smith assumed command of ice he rendered his country. focus on the relationship of the Justice the USS St. Paul and participated in the Department Strike Forces to the In­ Korean operations during that conflict. ternal Revenue Service Intel11gence Di­ Upon his return to the United States, he vision. More particularly, it will be ex­ was assigned to the office of the Chief of OVERSIGHT SUBCOMMITI'EE AN­ amining that relationship as it existed in Staff for Joint Plans and Operations on NOUNCES ADDITIONAL HEARINGS Florida during the period of Operation the staff of the Commander in Chief, ON OPERATION LEPRECHAUN Leprechaun. Pacific, at Pearl Harbor, and was later The Commissioner of Internal Rev­ transferred to the joint staff of the Com­ HON. CHARLES A. VANIK enue stated at the first hearing in the mander in Chief, Far East Command. OF OHIO Operation Leprechaun series that the After a year in this position, Smith be­ Internal Revenue Service furnishes the came commander of Service Squadron 3. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES major manpower in the lltrike force In 1955, Smith was ordered to duty as Wednesday, February 4, 1976 effort, that Operation Leprechaun was Deputy U.S. Representative, Standing Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, as chair­ set up to gather information under Group, NATO, and directed the U.S. staff man of the Subcommittee on Oversight the auspices of the Miami Strike Force, in the preparation of strategic concepts of the Committee on Ways and Means and that the Department of Justice has and implementing measures for the de­ I announce that the subcommittee will control over Internal Revenue Service fense of NATO. He negotiated with for .. hold the fourth in a series of hearings agents involved in strike force investi­ eign officers to obtain military agree­ in Operation Leprechaun on Tuesday, gations. The Justice Department employ­ ments and participated in the determina­ February 10, 1976, in room 2154 Rayburn ees who will be heard from at the J:t,eb­ tion of U.S. positions at a high military House Office Building. The subcommittee ruary 10, 1976, hearing disagree. They level. hll.s a special interest in this operation, are: Rudolph Gulliani, Associate Deputy Smith left NATO in 1957 and took over because of its importance in understand­ Attorney General; William Lynch, Chief, as senior member of the Board of In­ ing the arguments over the appropriate Organized Crime and Racketeering Sec­ spection and Survey until he retired with role of the Internal Revenue Service in tion, Criminal Division; and Dougald the rank of vice admiral in 1958. law enforcement. It is vital to examine McMUlan, formerly Chief, Miami Strike Smith's awards were many. In addi­ fully Operation Leprechaun because- Force, Organized Crime and Racketeer­ tion to the Navy Cross with Gold Star, First. It provides a case study of an ing Section, Criminal Division. February 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2431 BUY OUR BABY FOOD OR YOUR The advertisement goes on to state that that in infant stomachs these can be broken CHILD MAY TURN BLUE AND DIE while commercial baby food is "adequate for down. to nitrites, which are the cause of the nutrition requirements of your baby," methemoglobinemia. "home-made baby food made from fresh One thing is for sure: much dietary nitrate HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND ingredients loses nutrients in several ways­ comes from nit1·ate fertilizers. The National OF NEW YORK implying that commercial baby food is more Research Council in 1972 said that "increased nutritious than home-made. use of chemical fertilizers, widespread adop­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Included with this scare letter are four tion of the feedlot system for meat produc­ Wednesday, February 4, 1976 coupons for money-off on Beech-Nut prod­ tion and continuing problems of waste dis­ ucts and an offer to exchange $15 worth of posal bring increasing amounts of nitrate Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, one of coupons for a $10 bill. This campaign was into the environment." Scientist 0. A. Lorenz the major concerns of consumers sent out to 760,000 mothers across the coun­ in 1972 measured nitrates in vegetables and throughout the country is with honesty t ry. compared the levels to the amount of chem­ in food advertising. Although many of The upshot? Besides a lot of needlessly ical fertilizer used. He found a direct cor­ the current products on the market and frightened and misinformed mothers, some relation indicating that most nitrates i n angry reactions from people who know the vegetables come from nitrate fertilizers. their advertising campaigns are of both real score on baby foods. USDA scientists checking nitrate levels of dubious nutritive value and questionable In Syracuse, N.Y., Roberta Wieloszynskl, fresh vegetables found that while chemical veracity, I was particularly shocked to who heads the city's Consume1· Affairs Unit, agriculture may be raising the nitrate levels, learn of a practice currently being under­ immediately sent the literature to Dr. Frank they were still "reassuringly low in most taken by the manufacturers of Beech­ Oski, director of the Department of Pedi­ foods." Nut Baby Foods. atrics at the Upstate Medical Center in "Methemoglobinemia as a result of eating The tactic is to use a piece of "scare Syracuse. Dr. Oski said he'd never heard of beets has never been observed," said Dr. literature" to mislead the parents of in­ a case of methemoglobinemia associated with Mayer just last November. the use of home-made baby food, that he In a huge, definitive study by Douglas H. fants. The company mailed 760,000 pieces know of no other doctor who had, and that K. Lee in Environmental Research 3, 484-511 of this literature to mothers across the where such cases of illness have been re­ ( 1970), entitled "Nitrates, Nitrites and country implying that the use of fresh ported, generally they have been found to be Methemoglobinemia," these facts and rec­ home-prepared baby foods could cause caused by contaminated water, not food. Dr. ommendations are reported: methemogobinemia. Nothing is more im­ Oski followed up by writing a letter to Dr. "Cases (of methemoglobinemia) in the portant to a new mother than the health Malcolm Holiday, chairman of the Commit­ U.S.A. have been almost exclusively due to of her baby and this campaign, it seems tee on Nutrition of the American Academy the use of nitrate-containing water ... cases to me, reaches a new low in food product of Pediatrics, asking that pediatricians across have been reported in Europe due to the the country be alerted to the pressure being use of baby food preparations in which advertising and promotion. exerted by Beech-Nut on mothers. He char­ nitrite has been formed from the original I was distressed that this tactic was acterized the flyer as an "unwarranted scare nitrate, either in storage of the vegetable used to downgrade the use of fresh foods. message," and rated the chances of a baby or in preparations kept at room tempera­ Seldom has there been such a blatant at­ contracting methE;!moglobinemia as "virtu­ ture.... The condition can be prevented by tempt to promote a product. I would ally zero." using only fresh ... vegetables in the domes­ also note that a mother who feeds her The Syracuse Consumer Affairs Office then tic preparation of baby food." child the home-made baby foods would asked Beech-Nut to retract .its flyer, to issue Lee's study shows the Beech-Nut let ter another correcting the abuse, and to send it to be, in effect, blatantly false-not just "miss out" on all the extras Beech-Nut to every mother who received the first one. misleading. offers, including water, farina, smoked The company then got in contact with the And what about the nutritional values of bacon ther hand, communities in Missouri are For one thing, Britain has an Official Sec­ Under its new budget process, which crying for such funds. Water and waste rets Act to protect security. Burt ev-en if worked satisfactorily last year in a trial run, disposal projects are the very bloodline there wet"e no such law, the :British feel the pressure will be on the Congress to dem­ .strnngly about keeping official secrets, and onstrate that it can deal with this budg&t of any -community-large or small. Com­ they accept the need to do so. responsibly by helping to restrain expendi­ munities under 10.000 simply cannot 'The British press co-operates in a system tures. to order government _priorities, and to pass full funding bonds to finance these to shelter the national interest. Its repre­ bring the economy back to good health. projects. At a time when people most sentatives are active members of a Govern­ need to see their Government helping ment-.sponsored committee that from time them, instead we see the President ac­ to time issues "D-notices" advising the tua1ly taking away. media not to publicize certain classt:fled RURAL WATER PROGRAM It certainly is a hopeless contradiction matters such as military developments, in­ telligence operations, etc. to try to meet the demands of environ­ These notices are faithfully respected. mentalists, especially through the Gov­ They are never used to suppress political and HON .. JERRY LITTON ernment's EPA statements, while cutting economic information that the Government OF MISSOURI the funds necessary for implementations. might p:refer to cover up as embarrassing. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The U.S. Government asks our citizens Nevertheless, the sort of leaks currently to go to battle -against pollution and the rampant in Washington-those invDlving Wednesday, February 4, 1976 antiquities of outdated water supply fa­ intelligence activities particularly~imply Mr. LITI'ON. Mr. Speaker, I offered cilities-then we eliminate Ule funds are things not done in Britain. A British civil servant. even a retired one, my deep personal support for the reso­ necessary to accomplish the task. This found guilty of revealing secrets learned in lutions of disapproval of agriculture pro­ is like sending 10 or 20 fresh recruits the course· of his official duties almost sure­ gram budget deferrals which were re­ armed with Bowie knives to fight World ly would wind up in jail. This certainly cently before us. I was proud of our ac­ War III. would be so had he been engaged in intelli­ tions in disapproving these deferrals of I am happy that the wisdom of the gence work. valuable rural programs, and I feel we hearings and budgetary process which A member of Parliament who leaked any were long overdue in showing our objec­ ·established the :original dollar amount information .received in confidence would tion and utter distaste for the rescissions necessary to meet the needs of rural face being held in contempt of Parliament, and perhaps something more punitive. and deferrals which the President pro­ water;waste disposal of our rural com­ British politicians-and the public­ posed 1n his latest budget message 1n munities was not forgotten. WOUld eonsider lt the depth of dishonor for the name of "'trimming the budget" and I congratulate my colleagues for voting a member t>f Parllament to slip w some re­ "'fiscal responsibility." In fact, I intro­ in favor of this resolution Df disapprovaL porter information relating to secrets con­ duced my ·own resolution of disapproval It was truly a vote for the people. cerning a natiGnal security matter. This CXXII--154--Part 2 2434 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1976 would be especially so if it happened that sonnel and Affirmative Action and have also entire system of beef grading-its effec­ Pal'liament as a whole questioned the wis­ directed the school administration to im­ dom of making the information public, such plement the provisions necessary to comply tiveness, the degree of utilization by con­ as the U.S. House of Representatives has just with the goals and aims of Title IX of the sumers, and how it can be revamped to done. Elementary and Secondary Educational Act better serve both cattlemen and con­ Also, if it were possible the leak could be and sumers. Furthermcre, an education cam­ harmful to the national interest, no repu­ Whereas, we the Trustees have become in­ paign should be started to explain to the table newspaper would touch it. creasingly alarmed at the apparent blatant public how the grading system works and Obviously, direct parallels cannot be fiscal irresponsibility of the federal govern­ what grades reft.ect in terms of cost, use drawn between America and Britain. The ment which fuels inflation, robs our taxpay­ and palatability. constitutional systems are different. The ers and penalizes our children and British parliamentary majority actually is an Whereas, the Trustees are concerned and Grading can be important if it is used arm of the Government. No Prime Minister alarmed at the proliferation of government to inform rather than confuse consumers. can remain as the nation's chief executive if with its increased regulatory activity and And it can only be effective if the inter­ Parliament turns against him and casts a increased cost to school districts implied in ests of all concerned segments of the vote of no confidence in his administration. provisions of said act and while the Trustees marketplace are considered and if those Still it is noteworthy that the British-if are in full agreement with the spirit of the using the system are educated about its anything, more jealous of their democratic act; existence and value. freedoms than we are-take it for granted Be it resolved, that the above stated con­ that the Government must protect vital sec­ cern be communicated and transmitted to rets. No individual, no member of Parlia­ the elected representatives of the people ment, cabinet ofilcer or civil servant, has the serving in the Congress of the United States, latitude to decide on his own what is a sec­ more specifically our concern that the cost FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION ret worthy of ofilcial protection and what is in administering this and other acts may so a secret he feels free to divulge, either open­ dilute the educational dollar available to ly or by leak. the child and teacher in the classroom that HON. WILLIAM J. GREEN the educational process the act is desig­ OF PENNSYLVANIA nated to assure may be severely impaired. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Respectfully, Wednesday, February 4, 1976 DILUTION OF THE SCHOOL Dr. CLAYTON C. MORGAN. DOLLARS Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, on Monday, February 2, 1976 I introduced legislation (H.R. 11629) to amend the Federal Elec­ HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS CONGRESS MUST ACT ON BEEF tion Campaign Act of 1971 to provide that OF IDAHO REGRADING members of the Federal Election Commis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sion be appointed by the President with Wednesday, February 4, 1976 HON. PETER A. PEYSER the advice and consent of the Senate. The Supreme Court's decision has put Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, the Inde­ OF NEW YORK the integrity of the election process at pendent School District of Boise recently IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stake. The continued work of the FEC is adopted a resolution which I think is Wednesday, February 4, 1976 vital to the fair and rigorous enforcement pertinent to the deliberations of Federal Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, exactly 19 of our election laws. lawmakers. F'ollowing is the text of H.R. 11629: The resolution points to several rea­ days from today a federally-sanctioned plan that flies in the face of the consum­ H.R. 11629 sons why all of the education dollars we A bill to amend the Federal Election are spending do not seem to be resulting ing public will become effective. On Feb­ ruary 23, the U.S. Department of Agricul­ Campaign Act of 1971 to provide that mem­ in improved education for our children. bers of the Federal Election Commission In fact, as the federal spending for edu­ ture will revise its beef grading regula­ shall be appointed by the President, by and cation goes up, it seems that the overall tions, ignoring the protests of thousands with the advice and consent of the Senate. educational level-as measured by ob­ of customers throughout the country. Be it enacted by the Senate and House jective tests-has been going down. At present, there are thre0 top grades of Rep1·esentatives of the United States of I am proud to point out that the mem­ of beef sold at the retail level: Prime, America in Cong1·ess assembled, That (a) the choice, and good, in order of tenderness second sentence of section 310(a) (1) of the bers of the board of trustees of the Boise Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 School District represent the largest and juiciness. Under the new standard, the amount of marbling-little ft.ecks of U.S.C. 437c(a) (1)), hereinafter in this Act number of students and schools than any referred to as the "Act", is amended by other Idaho board. I am also proud to fat in the meat-required to qualify beef striking out "as follows:" and all that fol­ point out that through the efforts of for the top grades will be reduced. As a lows through "United States" and inserting these people and local school omcials result, some beef previously labeled in lieu thereof "by the President, by and and teachers, the students in Boise have "good" will move up to the more expen­ with the advice and consent of the Senate". been scoring higher on objective tests sive "choice" grade and some "choice" (b) The last sentence of section 310(a) (1) such as the S.A.T. This is in marked con­ beef will move up to the most expensive of the Act (2 U.S.C. 437c(a) (1)) is amended grade, "prime." In other words, con­ to read as follows: "Not more than 3 members trast to the rest of the country which appointed by the President under the pre­ is suffering from declining scores. sumers will be paying higher prices for lower quality beef. ceding sentence may be afilliated with the I believe that all of us serving in Con­ same political party.". gress should pay heed to the trustees' By blun·ing the differences between (c) Section 310(a) (2) of the Act (2 U.S.C. message if we wish to pursue the best one grade and another, the USDA plan 437c(a) (2)) is amended- interests of improved educational will make it impossible for shoppers to (1) in subparagraph (A) thereof, by strik­ quality. know exactly what they are buying. The ing out "of the members appointed under The resolution follows: relationship between cost and quality will paragraph (1) (A)"; once again be distorted by deceptive and (2) in subparagraph (B) thereof, by strik·· INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT ing out "of the members appointed under OF BOISE CITY, misleading labeling. Legislation that I have introduced, paragraph (1) (B)"; Boise, Idaho, January 26, 1976. (3) in subparagraph (C) thereof, by strik­ Hon. STEVEN D. SYMMS, H.R. 5266, would prohibit a change from ing out "of the members appointed under Room 1410, Longworth B'Ltilding, a lower grade to a higher brade and pro­ paragraph (1) (C)"; Washington, D.C. poses the creation of a new grade be­ (4) in subparagraph (D) thereof, by strik­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN SYMMS: The following tween choice and good to enable con­ ing out "of the members appointed under is a resolution adopted by the Board of sumers to be aware of the quality of beef paragraph ( 1) (A) "; Trustees of the Independent School District they are purchasing. I endorse the idea (5) in subparagraph (E) thereof, by strik­ of Boise City during their Regular Board ing out "of the members appointed under Meeting held January 12, 1976: of marketing a leaner, more healthful grade of beef. But it is essential that con­ paragraph (1) (B)"; and Whereas, the Trustees of the Independent (6) in subparagraph (F) thereof, by strik­ School District of Boise City, Boise, Idaho sumers know the quality of the beef they ing out "of the members appointed under have at this writing directed the Superin­ are purchasing, They should know that . paragraph (1) (C)". tendent of the School District to establish leaner meat should be less expensive. (d) Section 310(a) (2) of the Act (2 U.S.C. the position and employ a Director of Per- It is my hope that Congress review the · 437c(a) (2)) is amended by inserting 1m- February 4, 1976 :EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2435 mediately before "An individual" the follow­ it. The news story, as it .appeared in the a.nd sometimes unprincipled leadership. We ing new sentence: "The termS o.f members Daily Telegraph of London on Janu­ careen from crisis to crisis. One .set of prob­ first appointed under the preceding sentence lems is left unsolved while our attention is ary 29, 1976, follows for the edification diverted to another. shall be designated by the PreSident at the of mY colleagues: time of appointment.". Our people seem to be holding back­ Sec. 2. (a) The President shall appoint HELSINKI PACT BEING FLOUTED looking for a sense of purpose, waiting for members of the Federal Election Commission Parliamentarians from six European cm.m­ someone to lead them. pursuant to section 310(a) of the .Act, as tries yesterday accused Russia of "flouting" Some of the reasons for this are obvious: amended by the first section of this Act, as the Helsinki detente principles. -A nation still reeling from the disclo­ soon as practicable after the date of the en­ MPs from Britain, France, Eire, Austria sures that men entrusted with the highest actment of this Act. and Norway signed a declaration in Stras­ offices betrayed that trust and committed (b) Individuals serving as members of the bourg stating that since the Helsinki summit crimes against the Constitution. Federal Election Commission on the date of "the Soviet Union has flouted the principles A country bombarded daily in the wake the enactment of this Act may continue to guiding relations between participating of Watergate by new revelations .of decep­ serve as members until the first appointments states." tion and misconduct on the part of our law under section 310(a) of the Act, as amended The declaration, which has been tabled be­ enforcement and intelligence agencies; by the first section of this Act, are com­ fore the 18-nation European Assembly, in­ A people bewildered by a maze of social pleted. cluded the following points. and economic problems which seem beyond (c) The provisions of the third sentence 1-The Soviet Union indulged ln "direct the capacities of their elected leaders to solve. of section 310(a) (2) of the Act, as amended and indirect intervention" in the internal But there are other reasons, more pro­ by the first section of this Act, shall not ap­ affairs of Portugal. found-and perhaps more obscure. In my ply to individuals first appointed under sec­ 2-The Soviet Union was "invoking and judgment, we have failed to produce desper­ tion 310(a) of the Act, as amended by the sustaining the use of force aganist the politi­ ate1y needed leadership, in large measure, first section of this Act. cal integrity of Angola." because of the prevalent attitude among our The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, -a-The Soviets were "unilaterally increas­ people that individual seU-interest is para­ as amended by H.R. 11629, would read as ing their expenditure on conventional arma­ mount to the community interest, that what follows: ments on land, at sea and in the air." is expedient and easy is preferable to what is difficult and right. At the same time, 2 U.S.C. § 437c. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 4-Ru.ssia was "disregarding the right of minorities within their national territory to cynicism and apathy are draining off public (a) ( 1) There is established,. -a commission equality before the law, the enjoyment of interest and participation in the political to be known as the Federal l!:lection Com­ human rights and fundamental freedoms." process. If we do not Teverse this trend we mission. The Commission is composed of the In addition, the declaration accused the Rus­ run the risk that those who remain in­ Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the sians of failing to encourage East-West travel volved in politics will be the militant -ad­ House of Representatives, ex officio and with­ and tourism. vocates of narrow points of view, for whom out the right to vote, and 6 members ap­ healthy and vital compromise is a detested pointed by the President, by and with the sign of weakness. advice and consent of the Senate. Not more There is no need to recite the litany or than 3 members appointed by the President past misdeeds by political leaders. Nor is it under the preceding sentence may be affili­ PETER W. RODINO, JR., ADDRESSED necessary to dwell on the list of those who, ated with the .same political party. THE NATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON sworn to uphold the law, trampled upon it (2) Members of the Commission shall serve THE FUTURE OF DEFENDER and misused it sometimes to suppress lawful for terms of 6 years, except that of the mem­ SERVICES dissent--endangering precious rights. bers first appointed- Yet, at that terrible and gloomy moment (A) one shall be appointed for a term end­ when it seemed that the Constitution itself ing on the April 30 first occurring more than HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE was in mortal danger, it was a committee of 6 months after the date on which he is ap­ lawyer-legislators, with overwhelming pub­ pointed; OF :MISSOURI lic support, who came to the defense of the (B) one shall be appointed for a term end­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES law .and helped preserve our constitutional ing 1 year after the April 30 on which the Wednesday, February 4, 1976 system. term of the member referred to in subpara­ When a lawyer-president abused the pow­ graph (A) of this paragraph ends; Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, our dis­ er of his office and sought to place himself (C) one shall be appointed for a term end­ tinguished colleague and chairman of above the law, it was the courts of our land ing 2 years thereafter; the Committee on the Judiciary. PETER that upheld the supremacy to the law and (D) one shall be appointed for a term end­ called him to account. Ironically, as public ing 3 years thereafter; W. Ronmo, JR•• recently addressed the of respect for politics and the law has dimin­ (E) one shall be appointed for a term end.. National Colloquium on the Future ished in recent years. politicians and lawyers ing 4 years thereafter; and Defender Services. have won the causes of human and civil (F) one shall be appointed for a term end­ Chairman Ron~No's remarks are al­ rights their greatest victories-including ing 5 years thereafter. ways well worth reading and consider­ Brown v. Board of Education, Mapp v. Ohio, The terms of members first appointed un­ ing, so I am having them reprinted here Gideon v. Wainwright, the Civil Rights Act der the proceeding sentence shall be desig­ for the conv-enience of my colleagues. of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and nated by the President at the time of ap­ Address follows: the Legal Services Corporation Act of 1974. pointment. An individual appointed to fill a NATIONAL LEGAL Am AND DEFENDER Thus we can see thalt despite the admitted vacancy occurring other than by the expira­ AsSOCIATION failures of leadership in this country, we tion of a term of office shall be appointed have made great strides in the effort to build oniy for the unexpired term of the member We are told these days that Americans have a legal system that 1s truly a bastion of he succeeds. Any vacancy occurtng tn the lost their respect for the institutions in equality, responsive to the needs of all om membership of the Commission shall be filled which they traditionally have placed their citizens. These achievements are the result in the same .manner as in the case of the faith. In particular, two establishments are of a real leadership, not by politicians and original appointment. singled out for the greatest criticism: poli­ judges alone, but on the part of men and tics and the law. women like yourselves, toiling in the courts It is nothing new, of course, for the public and in our communities to promote a larger to have a healthy skepticlsm for these pro­ vision of .common good. fessions. You meet today to consider guidelines and HELSINKI PACT BEING FLOUTED Plato"' you may recall, wanted to banish BY THE U.S.S.R. standards for yourselves and your profes­ lawyers from his .republic. sion. The proposals before you are the result And Mark Twain had this to say about a of long and serious study, hard decisions, certain group of politicians: "it could prob­ discussions, debate ancl compromise and ad­ HON. LARRY McDONALD ably be shown by facts and figures that there DF .GEORGIA herence to the finest principles of the law. is no distinctly native American criminal Beyond that, they display a vital sense .of class except Congress." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commitment to t~e community interest and If you take umbrage at Plato, imagine how a realization that this interest is served Wednesday, February 4, 1976 it feels to be -a member of both groups: only by facing squarely up to issues .and Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. But for many today, this skepticism has turned to suspicion and cynicism. OUr insti­ meeting responsibilities. Speaker~ dt comes as no surprise the So­ tutions are corrupt, we are told: the system This same commitment and this same viet Union u DDt llving uP tG the agree­ 1s not working. dedication were reflected 1n your support of ments it signed at Hels1nk1. What 1s I cauut accept this ana1ys1B: I believe it tlre .e1fo11& to .establish and fund the Inde­ heartening. tmwever. :1s the fact that 1-s faulty. It is not the institutions that have pendent Legal Services CorpBration. some par.llamen1iarians from EuroPe have fa.~bnt Gnr leaders, OUr Nat1:on is .suf­ In 1he many h-eated debates on this issue, d1seovered.1llti8 :and are protesting against fering from too many yea.rs of weak, aimless it was 11Jleged that there would. be those 3436. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, ·1976 · who would use these valuable resources as We are moving forward on these important all Americans proud of the achievements a forum to attack the legal system itself, or proposals, and on others intended to improve of their .count1:y. to champion self-serving political interests. our system of criminal justice. But there Yet because you were convinced that such are other issues-critical issues-where lead­ Paul Robeson was a champion for the a vehicle would service the common good ership and support clearly are needed. freedom of all individuals. By refusing you were not deterred in your efforts. And, Among these is reform of our prisons, to compromise his constitutional rights I am confident that this important program which are little more than debasing schools before coniiressional committees in the will be implemented in the spirit in which for crime. Until we are committed to a solu­ early 1950's, he embodied the spirit of it was intended, to ensure equality before tion of this problem, we can expect no American freedom. The life story of the law. decline in recidivism. Paul Robeson will serve to remind us how On this same subject, I am pleased to re­ To date, the Congress and the public have important our constitutional rights are; port that, just before the Congress recessed, not been willing to devote the necessary and how zealously we must guard them. the House Committee on the Judiciary ap­ money and work to accomplish this reform. .proved legislation permitting the funding Yet without prison and rehabilitation sys­ The moving tones of his "01' Man of back-up centers for that corporation. tems that possess the clear potential to re­ River" symbolize the yearnings of all There are many other areas in which we store offenders to useful life, our other ef­ people to be free. We will not forget Paul lawyers and politicians must provide leader­ forts will be of no avail. Robeson nor the lessons of his struggles ship to achieve the goals of equality and We must also eliminate the potential for against injustice. fairness in our criminal process. A major abuse in the grand jury, where we have seen example is the gross disparity in sentences so many abuses recently. That which was meted out by our Federal courts to offenders intended to protect the rights of witnesses who frequently are similarly situated. We and potential defendants has lost its inde­ need to establish guidelines for the exercise THE CHILDS-KIRK MEMORIAL pendence and become subservient to the will FUND of discretion by our sentencing judges. I of the prosecutor. And if that prosecutor is shall introduce in the new session of the the instrument of a politicized and corrupt Congress legislation, already sponsored in administration, then justice is perverted. the Senate by Senator Kennedy, to estab­ We must seek ways to broaden the avail­ lish a commission to create these guidelines HON. WILLIAM J. HUGHES ability of essential legal serv•ices to meet the OF NEW JERSEY and to permit appellate review of sentences complaints of many middle-income citizens which do not conform to them. that only the very poor and the very rich can IN THE HOqSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Judiciary Committee will also consider receive high-quality legal assistance. Wednesday, February 4, 1976 proposals to establish a system of pre-trial We must find ways to protect the right of diversion. I have noted the reservations of privacy by controlling the technology that Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, the spirit your own commission on defense services permits the collection and exchange of per­ of voluntary action to make our com­ on this subject. I share the concern that sonal information that the government, in munities a better place to live is flourish­ a formal diversion system might be used to many cases, has no 11ght to possess. deprive defendants of their right to trial. ing in the Second District. On November For all these-and the myriad other prob­ 30, a kickoff fundraising luncheon was In addition, the committee is preparing lems facing our Nation-we must have lead­ a full-scale examination of the Law Enforce­ ership; courageous and principled leadership held for the Childs-Kirk Memorial Fund ment Assistance Administration to determine which is not afraid to immerse itself in the in Cardiff, N.J. This fund will establish whether that agency has fulfilled its man­ hard, detailed work from which come spe­ athletic scholarships and build recrea­ date to encourage a complete and integrated cific solutions to specific problems. You have tional facilities to commemorate James, approach to the problems of both law en­ a grave responsibility to provide this leader­ Michael, and Kenneth Childs and Ronald forcement and criminal justice. ship in the field of criminal justice and the Kirk, four young football players from In 1973, thanks in large measure to the availability of legal services. We must look to research and testimony of NLADA and other Absegami High School who lost their you for ideas, and for the dedication and lives in a tragic automobile accident on organizations, the committee explicitly au­ perseverance to tul'n those ideas into reality. thorized LEAA to provide support and fund­ In this field, as in the na/tion at large, we September 29, 1975. ing for the full range of criminal justice cannot wait for the emergence of a leader to Four years ago, the Cardiff area of Egg programs, including defenders services, re­ rally us. Instead we must ourselves rally to Harbor Township had no baseball fields habilitation and others. the causes of justice and equality. You have or recreational areas at all for children Now, with LEAA's authorization up for demonstrated in the past your commitment to use. These boys helped to build a ball renewal this year, the committee plans to to the community and its welfare. Now a see if this goal has been met, and to decide field from scratch, even removing tree nation asks still more of you-and of us trunks so that local children would have whether additional changes are required to all. ensure that we are doing our best not only Together we shall meet that challenge. By a place to play. James Childs coached a to reduce crime but to ensure justice as well. so doing, together we can reassure a trou­ little league team and umpired in the Action is needed as well to reduce drug­ bled country of the integrity of its institu­ softball program. Kenneth Childs lined abuse, trafficking in narcotics and drug­ tions and the vitality of its democratic sys­ three baseball fields every day during the related crime that is reaching new and tem. season. These young men were never staggering proportions. · We must improve upon existing treatment known to· turn down a child who asked programs and institute new ones, especially for help. It was their dream that there for the growing number of women addicts PAY TRIBUTE TO PAUL ROBESON be recreational fields in Cardiff for all to :whose problems have long been neglected. enjoy. But the problem of drug abuse and drug­ Those who knew the four boys best related crime will never be solved until the agree that there could be no more fitting deadly flow of narcotics into this country HON. HAROLD E. FORD OF TENNESSEE memorial than the establishment of ls shut off. After meeting with some of us playing fields in Cardiff. This is the pri­ concerned with the tremendous increase in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mary goal of the Childs-Kirk Memorial the Ulegal supply of hard drugs from foreign Thursday, January 29, 1976 countries, the President has pledged a new Fund. Achitect's plans are complete for effort to improve Federal drug programs and Mr. FORD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, four baseball fields, a football field, to persuade opium-producing countries, such I rise today to pay tribute to Paul Robe­ tennis courts and basketball courts, and as Turkey and Mexico, to reduce their crops son. He was a man who not only achieved children's playgrounds. The absence of substantially. greatness in his profession, but who also such facilities forces many children to To assist in this international effort, many play in the street. The Childs-Kirk Fund of my colleagues and I have introduced a bill used his talents in the cause of freedom that would cut off all United States aid to for all people. has already received donations of land opium-growing nations until the President His life exemplified the struggle of all and money to further this project, but certified that their production was within black Americans to overcome racial in­ much more is needed. A series of fund­ tolerable limits. We are urging the passage justice. As the first all-American black raising events and fund solicitations is of this legislation. football player, as a graduate student at planned to speed the construction of In addition, we shall seek ways to com­ Columbia Law School, as an acclaimed these playing fields. pensate innocent victims of crime, especially performer on the stage and in Holly­ A second goal of this group is to sub­ those who have suffered serious physical or sidize the Childs-Kirk Football Scholar­ mental injury with resultant loss of income wood Paul Robeson manifested through­ or substantial property damage. It is the out his life the courage to fight racism ship Fund. This scholarship fund has least that we can do for those whose lives, and to assert his rights as an American collected approximately $5,000 to date. and careers have been seriously damaged­ citizen. He helped to make black Ameri­ With additional support from the Childs­ as the Innocent victims of criminal acts. cans proud of their heritage and to make Kirk Memorial Fund and other sources, Feb'ntary 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2437 one boy a year will be able to further his pro-hegemony. Furthermore, it alienated this file material? How much, really, did the Japanese factions ranging from conservative FBI ever know about the "Left" in American education at a college of his choice. businessmen to political leftists that Wish politics against which most of its surveillance There are a tremendous number of to do more business with Japan's huge activities were directed? citizens who are involved with this fund, neighbor in the Orient. Original files need not be sent; photo­ working hard to make the dreams of It must have been a strain for Premier copies will be received. It should be relatively James, Michael, and Kenneth Childs and Takeo Miki to maintain the famed Japanese easy to acquire through donations enough file Ronald Kirk a reality, to insure that all pollteness in telling Soviet Foreign· Minis­ material to demonstrate how, over a period children have a place to play. For as the ter Andrei Gromyko to go peddle his fish of several decades, a gullible electorate per­ slogan of the memorial fund states, someplace else. But the clear implication mitted politically illiterate agency personnel between the lines of Miki's restrained diplo­ and corrupt informers to spend public funds "Never a person stands so tall as when matic prose was that the Russians unwit­ for the purpose of defaming citizens neither he stoops to help a child." tingly had pushed Japan into a closer re­ guilty of a crime nor suspected of or charged lationship with China in preference to try­ with criminal behavior. No better "home" ing to continue on an "equidistant" course for such material is likely to be found than between the two Communist powers. Of the library at Princeton. As long as the only JAPANESE PRISONERS OF WAR course, the Japanese-American alliance re­ collection of such file material is in that FROM WORLD WAR II STILL HELD mains a ltey factor in the complex East "great brooding Bastille," as Alan Barth de­ IN THE SOVIET UNION Asian balance of power. scribed the new J. Edgar Hoover FBI Build­ The Soviet strength is most evident where ing (The Washington Post) it cannot be matters are settled by brute force, as in studied en masse but a representative sample HON. LARRY MtDONALD Indochina last year, as in Angola right now. of files will suffice. Only now is the public be­ But where diplomatic subtlety and conces­ OF GEORGIA ginning to sense what a dangerous agency the sions would be valuable-as in Japan, as in FBI became, in some of its activities, under IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES post-Nasser Egypt-the Soviets sometimes Hoover's dominance and direction. No Presi­ Wednesday, February 4, 1976 stumble over their own feet. The question dent governed him, no Attorney General of the day is who is going to stand up to ruled him and, as Barth notes, "No Congress Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. them where the exercise of raw power is fixed boundaries for his roving authority"­ Speaker, from time to time various for­ taking issues out of the hands of negotiators. and that authority roamed very far indeed. mer captives of the Soviet Slave Labor Just ten years ago, 84 per cent of Americans system have brought out eyewitness surveyed by Gallup gave the FBI a "highly accounts of the fact that many non­ favorable" rating; today only 37 per cent do Soviet citizens are held there. Testimony THE J. EDGAR HOOVER so. A collection of the kind proposed for the COLLECTION Princeton Library should remind present and was heard in the Senate in 1973 relative future generations of the folly of the J. Edgar to former prisoners of war from Ger­ Hoover idolatry of the last several decades many and Italy still in prison in Siberia. HON. F. and the attendant dangers of a secret politl· Now we find that the subject of Japa­ ROBERT DRINAN cal police. nese prisoners from World War II was OF MASSACHUSETTS under discussion recently between IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Japan and the U.S.S.R. The Japanese Wednesday, February 4, 1976 asked for the return of their people, but F. DAVIS SHAFER II the Soviets did not yield. And the ques­ Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I bring to tion still remains as to how many the attention of my colleagues the estab­ American citizens might be in these lishment of a very important collection HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON camps-several are known to have been of documents about the FBI at Princeton OF MARYLAND recently seen there. The very excellent University. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES editorial fr.om the Richmond Times­ Prof. H. H. Wilson, long a friend of Wednesday, February 4, 1976 Dispatch of January 19, 1976, concern­ civii liberties, has initiated at the library ing the recent U.S.S.R.-Japanese nego­ at Princeton University a growing col­ Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, recently, tiations follows: lection of the files which American citi­ Frederick, Md., lost one of its most dis­ zens are receiving in increasing numbers tinguished citizens with the passing last WHERE MOSCOW BOMBED from the FBI, the CIA, and other Fed­ week of F. Davis Shafer II. The world isn't just one big bag of sugar Dave Shafer had come to be known goodies there for the Soviet Union's taking. eral agencies. At times when Russian expansionists look An informative editorial from the De­ as Mr. Sertoma in Frederick County and eight feet tall and indomitable, it may be cember 27, 1975, issue of the Nation throughout the area. Ten years ago, Dave good for the morale to ponder one of the magazine explains the important work Shafer with the help of James W. Powell Kremlin's very own foreign policy disasters. which Professor Wilson has commenced. and John N. Lewis started the first Ser­ The recent Soviet approach to Japan qual­ That editorial follows: toma Club in Frederick. Since that time, ifies nicely. It would be hard to imagine a THE J. EDGAR HOOVER COLLEC'l'ION Mr. Shafer had served in every important more bungled diplomatic operation than the position in that club and in his district Russians' effort to talk the Japanese into H. H. Wilson, dour and doughty professor signing a treaty formally ending World War of politics at Princeton University, has ini­ and had helped organize other clubs in II hostilities. tiated what promises to be a project of last­ the immediate area. His work and lead­ Were the Soviets wllling t o ret urn to ing significance in the field of civil liberties. ership were duly recognized by Serto­ Tokyo the four islands in the northern part Annoyed, as he has every right to be, with mam·. in the three countries served by o~ the Japanese archipelago that the Rus­ the inaccuracies, silliness and irrelevance of Sertoma International-Canada, Mex­ sians opportunistically seized just nine days his personal FBI file, Wilson resolved that ico, and the United States. before Japan's surrender in 1945. Nyet. some means should be found to encourage In 1972 he was selected as district Ser­ Well, then, how about releasing the 400 the study of the folly it represents. The ob­ Japanese prisoners of war that the Rus­ vious first step would be to collect a repre­ toma of the Year, and last year he was sians-incredibly-still hold t hree decades sentative sample of such file material and named one of the outstanding district after war's end? Surely the Soviets would to deposit it at some reasonably accessible governors in Sertoma International. have nothing to lose in making t hat gesture. institution where it can be made available The Frederick News in an editorial on Nyet again. for inspection. So he has arranged for the his achievements remarked: The Russians, in short, had little to offer Library, Princeton University, to act as the He believed one man could do much in Japan, but they would like something from depository for personal FBI files. service to mankind, and he found a personal the Japanese. They would like Tokyo to The initial response has been most en­ reward in the knowledge that for every club promise not to sign a peace treaty with couraging. If a large number of such files he helped charter, for every member he mainland China that would oppose efforts can be deposited at Princeton, scholars and helped recruit, that the sum total of effort by any single nation to establish "hegem­ others w111 have a chance to study them in a to help improve mankind could have a mul­ ony"-predominant influence-in eastern leisurely way. Such studies should yield some ttplying effect and in turn, help many, many Asia. Moscow would regard such a clause as interesting data.: how accurate are the facts? more people. "anti-Soviet." · What is the percentage of error per file? What What a laugh! By equating ant i-hegemony do the files reveal about the sources used to I extend my sympathy to the family with anti-Soviet policy, Moscow effectively obtain such information? How pertinent have and friends of a remarkable man, who (a.nd accurately) branded its own policy as been the political "overviews" reflected in vlill be greatly missed. 2438 EXTENSIONS OF,REMARKS February 4, 1976

SAGINAW STUDENT CON-CON PRO­ During the three-day convention~ the STUDENTS WORKING OVERTIME To WRAP UP VIDES SOME TELLING CHANGES lawyers and one Judge took turns attending NEW CONSTri'UTION convention deliberations. They sat at a. rear table on the arena floor and gave their ad­ (By John A; Puravs and William A. Ayvazian} HON. BOB TRAXLER vice when requested. Constitutioll8J Convention delegates work­ "What we try to do is assist them in put­ ed overtime- Wednesday to serve natlce they OF MICHIGAN ting their thoughts into words," said lawyer expect Congress and the President to do the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Patricia L. Learman. "Their own words, not same. A smoothly running second day of the Wednesday, February 4, 1976 ours." The lawyers could also flll in gaps, if the Student Bicentennial Con-Con at Saginaw Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, the stu­ students didn't understand some of the Civic Center extended in to a three-hour dents at the Saginaw Student Constitu­ language of the constitution, she said. night session. Legislative and executive rules tional Convention are working very hard Reading from a handbook on the consti­ were re-written to clamp down on presi­ tution, "The Constitution of the United dential power-and congressional laziness to develop an impressive document. The States, Its Sources and Its Application," Mrs. and improvidence. music provided by the award-winning Learman explained the section on no bill of The special sessions of the 148 delegates Bridgeport High School Band served as attainder. It refers to an act of Britain's from Saginaw County's 19 high schools were a background to all of the impressive ac­ Parliament, she said, by which a man tried to wrap up their job of rewriting the u.s. tivity, but certainly did not divert the and convicted without jury or other con­ Constitution for a third century in final con­ 148 students from completing construc­ siderations, "his blood was attained or cor­ clave today. Students will end the three days tive work. rupted legally so that he could not inherit with a special Civic Center banquet tonight. property, nor could his children inherit prop­ Among major Constitutional revisions Today I present additional news items erty from him." voted by the delegates Wednesday were: from the Saginaw News that recount the Before they could decide what to do with Insisting on two-thirds congressional ap­ actions of the second day of the Con­ the provision, she continued, they had to proval for Presidential reprieves and pardons. Con. Hard decisions are being made and understand that what it refers to basically Limiting Congress to spending only as most importantly every participant and is children not being penalized or responsi­ much money as it collects annually, except observer is learning much about the ble for the debts of their parents. during periods of war or natural disaster. American system of government. The delegates had examined the different Ordering the President to inform Congress The first article by Jacqueline Bates provisions in their government classes, she of all executive agreements such as those said, and basically understood what they with foreign nations. indicates that the Saginaw County Bar mean. Mandating two, not one, State of the Association has provided much assist­ Mrs. Learman said she was very impressed Union messages by the President each year. ance to these students in their attempts with the delegates and the progress of the Requiring the President to report to Con­ to understand the many legal require­ convention. "It's going great. I'm so im­ gress after 30 days of any troop deployment ments and implications of a document as pressed with these kids. Of course the idea or combat involvement. far reachng as a constitution. The ar­ was to learn the constitution and they have Equally pointed in demanding accounta­ ticle shows that the students recognize torn it apart and made a new one. bility from national leaders were revisions "I'm impressed by the fact they have ques­ telling Congress to work a minimum part of and appreciate the expertise provided by tioned every aspect of constitution down to the year-or else. these generous attorneys. Mr. Robert R. the accepted meaning and the legal mean­ The ·students' Constitution would set up Day, the president of the Saginaw County ing. I'm just sorry more of the public hasn't fl. ve 60-day working sessions of Congress Bar Association is to be highly com­ been here to witness their work." spread over two years. mended for the aid that he and his col­ Ray McNeil, one of the other lawyer volun­ The minimum workday would run from leagues provided to these students. teers, said he was also impressed by the stu­ noon until at least 5 p.m. The second article, written jointly by dents. "The students show a deep insight To qualify for a working day, at least two­ into the makings of the original constitu­ thirds of members would have to be present Mr. John Puravs and Mr. William A. tion." to make up a quorum. AyVazian explains the amount of effort One interesting question they bTought up, No member would be permitted to miss and dedication that these students are he said, was who would run the government more than a fourth of the working days. demonstrating. With the addition of a 3- between the elimination of the old constitu­ And any members of Congress miSsing hour night session, the students have tion and the Implementation of the new one. more than 15 days a year, or 10 per cent of mandated a balanced budget, congres­ They were concerned about the continuity sessions, would be fined a day's pay for each sional approval of Presidential pardons, of the government, he said' and decided to day missed beyond that absenteeism allow­ ordering the President to provide Con­ have the elected officials remain in office ance. until they were replaced by newly elected Proposals demanding even more public ac­ gress complete information on any and leaders. countability were turned down by the con­ all foreign agreements, and a new system The students often sought advice from vention only after some delegates argued they of five 60-day working sessions of Con­ the attorney, although there were a few would hamper the ability of government to gress over 2 years. They have even gone lulls. Because the students worked on the do its job. as far as defining a working day as one in constitution in four committees, they had But the tenor of the convention as it aban­ which at least two-thirds of Members the problem of conflicting proposals, she doned procedural quarreling and hunkered are present. Make no mistake. These said, but they handled the conflicts. down to business was clear. "You get the impression that it is not the "A lot of delegates noticed Congress has students have taken careful note of the product of any one small group " she said. high absenteeism," said Carl R. Tinsley of current state of governmental affairs, "The proposals are that of" everybody on Saginaw High, chairman of the Legislative methods to solve the problems they see. the different committees. Everyone has taken Committee. Mr. Speaker, I hope that you and all seriously their participation in it." "If they're going to represent the country, of my colleagues will continue to share The students followed parliamentary and be paid as much as they are, then they these articles with me. The impact of procedure, she said, but also dispensed with should do the job," he declared. "They have this event is most impressive, and I am the rules when necessary. the people's trust put in them." confident that all of you are awaiting "The work of Mr. (Fred I.) Chase has been The trust the students put in the govern­ invaluable," she added. ment will be further tested in today's final the final constitution. "I think I would say they have taken as convention assembly as Bill of Rights pro­ LAWYERS VOLUNTEER TIME TO HELP CoN-CON seriously the drafting of this constitution as posals come up for debate. PROJECT the framers did. Student and faculty leaders alike contin­ (By Jacqueline E. Bates) "While they won't have to live under this ued to predict spirited debate on several Delegates to the Student Bicentennial­ constitution, they are writing, they will have civil-liberties amendments offered by the Constitutional Convention had to first un­ a greater appreciation of the one they are Bill of Rights Committee, chaired by Aaron derstand the background and meaning of a under, and the development of it." Moore of Arthur Hill. ' Besides Mrs. Learman and McNeil. other bill of attainder and other terminology be­ "We expect a lot of debate," acknowledged fore they could eliminate it or put it in their lawyers advising the delegates were Gllbert A. constitution. Deibel, Fred H. Martin Jr. David F. Oeming Moore. They also had to know how to develop Jr.. Walter Martin Jr., B. J. Humphreys, Proposals likely to receive special attention, their constitution into clear, legally-sound Da.nlel E. Clark, Albert A. Chappell, Vincent he said, are permitting the death penalty for language. A. Scorsone and Judge Da.nlel R. Webber. premeditated murder, "kidnapings involving To help the students accomplish those Robert R. Day, president of the bar as­ serious personal harm, and in such cases things, 11 members of the Saginaw County sociation, was responsible for getting the where the security and safety of the people of Bar Association volunteered their services. lawyers to volunteer time. the U.S. is threatened by treasonable act.'" Feb?"uary 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2439 The panel's report also would allow all Delegates tired as the evening session to implement, the support in the Con­ persons to own firearms, but "under specific dragged on, and the final hour witnessed gress and across the Nation has been government regulations" for safety. many students leaving. Qualifications com­ gratifying. The committee chose to leave First Amend­ mittee proposals were left to finish at the Sponsors in the House now number ment freedoms of religion, speech and the opening of today's session. press virtually intact. But Moore said other Provisions were made at Wednesday after­ 140. Companion legislation introduced in delegates might ask for some restrictions. noon sessions providing decision-making the Senate by Senators BROCK, HELMS, Debate on the Bill of Rights report was to power for delegates attending the evening MUSKIE, BAKER, EASTLAND, HUDDLESTON, occupy today's deliberations until late-after­ session, eliminating the need for a minimum FONG, DOMENICI, BEALL, FANNIN, YOUNG, noon balloting to ratify the entire student of delegates to be present for a quorum. and RoTH has also received a warm re­ Constitution. An amendment calling for an election to ception. At this point in the REcORD I In contrast to frequent procedural hag­ approve the new Constitution to provide a would like to include a letter of support gling and uncertainty at Tuesday's opening link with the present one was accepted. It assembly, Wednesday's debate moved swiftly Deadline for that election was set Jan. 29, which is particularly good news. refers until the final hour of the evening session, 1978. to H.R. 9801 one of the bills with cospon­ with roadblocks quickly resolved under the Today's mushrooming national debt would sors which is identical to H.R. 8231, the guiding hand of parliamentarian Fred I. not have occurred under the students' Con­ original number used for reference in Chase. stitution. Strict financial rules were imposed. hearings before the Subcommittee on Imposition of congressional approval for Congress would not be allowed to spend more Administrative Law and Governmental Presidential pardons appeared a compromise money that it collected in any year except Relations of the House Judiciary Com­ with removing the pardon power entirely. during war or natural disaster. If money mittee. The letter signed by Mr. Arthur "Someone could be a friend of the Presi­ were borrowed, it would have to be paid back dent," pointed out one delegate. "If they're before the end of that year. H. Edmonds, president of the executive guilty, the sentence should be carried out." "Congress spends with no 1·egard to how committee of the County Supervisor As·· Advocates of pardon power argued Lincoln much the debt has become," said one dele­ sociation of California follows: might not have been allowed to show com­ gate. "We must not let that happen." COUNTY SUPERVISORS ASSOCIATION passion for the defeated Confederate forces. Taxing powers for Congress were not al­ OF CALIFORNIA, One case cited was that of Dr. Samuel A. tered. Jawua1·y 21, 1976. Mudd, who treated Lincoln assassin John An original proposal providing for three Hon. DEL. CLAWSON, Wilkes Booth as a physician but was labeled senators in each state elected by state House House of Representatives, a conspirator. representatives for six years with a senator Washington, D.C. Dr. Richard D. Mudd of Saginaw, grand­ from each state up for election every two DEAR CONGRESSMAN CLAWSON: The Execu­ son of Samuel, has fought a lifetime for years was amended. Two senators from each tive Committee of the County Supervisors presidential vindication of his ancestor. state would now be elected for six years by Association of California (CSAC) at their "Compassion" was the word most often popular vote, as approved by the delegates. meeting on January 21, 1976, took the follow­ used by delegates supporting the pardon Delegates stayed close to the original Con­ ing action regarding H.R. 9801 : power-and it seemed the argument which stitution by accepting proposals enpowering AGENDA ri'EM. DISCUSSION OF H.R. 9801 persuaded the convention, 76-52. Congress to raise and support armies, estab­ lish courts, execute the laws of the land "H.R. 9801 establishes a method whereby Strangely enough, President Ford's pardon the Congress may prevent the adoption by the of Richard Nixon seemed always close to with a militia to suppress insurrections and Executiv~ Branch of rules and regulations underlie the delegate's thoughts-but their repel invasions and execute powers vested by this Constitution. which are contrary to law or inconsistent names never surfaced. with Congressional intent or which go be­ Under the congressional-approval clause, Concessions were made for the modern era for which this Constitution is being written. yond the mandate of the legislation which it seems highly unlikely the Nixon pardon they are designed to implement. would have survived. Congress' power to punish piracies and fel­ onies committed on the high seas was ex­ "Action: H .R. 9801 was supported by the But the name Kissinger was mentioned Committee. Staff was instructed to transmit when the convention voted to force Presi­ tended to the air for offenses against In­ ternational Law. copies of this CSAC po:rition to the National dents to tell Congress of all executive agree­ Association of Counties (NACo) and appro­ ments. priate Congressional representatives. But the convention decided not to insist THE ISSUE? LONG OR SHORT · Please accept this correspondence as on congressional approval of such agree­ Mil1tant feminism has failed to emerge CSAC's formal endorsement of your proposal. ments. during the first two ciays of the Student Con­ Sincerely, "We're making a figurehead of our Presi­ stitutional Convention. ARTHUR H. EDMONDS, dent," complained one delegate. "There The pronoun "he" and the appellation President. would be no checks and balances." "congressman" have been freely used with• A plea for some secrecy in the conduct of out challenge. government also kept intact current con­ And the only incident that seemed to verge stitutional privileges allowing Congress to on women's lib turned out to be anything LOWELL HISTORIC DISTRICT CANAL keep some of its affairs from public view. but. "You might need some secrecy in the Word seeped out about a private caucus COMMISSION interest of national security," a delegate Tuesday held among an female delegates. noted. A female delegate was asked by a conven­ Eve:Q. then, however, delegates carefully tion organizer what was being plotted. made sure their Constitution would force HON. PAUL E. TSONGAS "We had to decide whether to wear long OF MASSACHUSETTS disclosure of all votes by members of Con­ dresses or short dresses at Thursday night's gress. banquet," she explained. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Provisions forcing minimum work output The decision, incidentally, was for long Wednesday, Februa1·y 4, 1976 by Congress almost slipped by the conven­ dresses. tion in a. form that would have allowed 25 Mr. TSONGAS. Mr. Speaker, for pur­ per cent absenteeism without penalty. poses of record I hereby list the members Indignant delegates such as Sylvia Olvera SUPPORT FOR LEGISLATION of the Lowell Historic District Canal of Carrollton demanded reconsideration, and Commission. This Federal Commission succeeded in mandating fines after a 10 per cent absentee rate. was formed in accordance with Public The major procedural flap came when HON. DEL CLAWSON Law 93-645: delegates discovered an apparent conflict be­ LOWELL HISTORIC DISTRICT CANAL COMMISSION OF CALIFORNIA tween legislative and executive sections deal­ FEDERAL ing with congressional vacancies. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Department of Transportation, Anne Uc­ For the first time, the convention sus­ Wednesday" February 4, 1976 pended its rules to go back and correct the cello, Director of Consumer Affairs (or) Rob­ discrepancy. Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, ert Crecco. Department of Interior and National Park The provision would allow the President since introduction of H.R. 8231 to estab­ to fill vacancies while Congress is in one of Service, Jerry Wagers, Boston Regional Di· lish a method whereby the Congress may rector, National Park Service. its 60-day sessions. A fU)ecial election would prevent the adoption by the executive be called once the session ends. Department of Commerce, Clarence Pusey, "We want to make sure the people are branch of rules and regulations contrary U.S. Travel Service. represented all the time," explained James to law or inconsistent with congressional Department of Housing and Urban Devel­ Rocchio of St. Stephen's. "This keeps some­ intent or which go beyond the mandate opment, Carl Byers, Community Develop­ one in office all the time." of the legislation which they are designed ment Officer. 2440 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Feb1·ua1·y 4, 197'6 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS pw·chase a site half its size. I hope my develop compared with the $15 million cost Thomas P. O'Neill III, Lieutenant Gover­ colleagues will agree with me that there of the 40-square-mile facllity it is to sup­ nor. is no reason to put Federal dollars to plant. Frank Keefe, Director of State Planning. such a wasteful purpose. Dade's ortgina.l request for 50 squa.re miles LOCAL Mr. Speaker, a copy of my letter to at the same location, and $115 million in fed­ Patrick Mogan, Long Range Planner, City eral cash, was halved last summer in hopes Administrator McLucas and the news of gaining support in Congress. of Lowell. article follow: Leo Farley, Mayor, City of Lowell. Dade aviation officials believe the alternate JA:to.'VARY 16, 1976. site must be acquired despite reduced train­ This Commission's term expires on Janu­ Hon. JoHN McLucAs, ary 4, 1977. ing, because tll.e land would also provide the Administrator, Federal Aviation Adminis­ nucleus for a future commercial airfield to tration, Washington, D.C. supplement Miami International. DEAR MR. McLucAS, enclosed is a news story Jim Rudd. chief of the Everglades tower, DADE JETPORT-II from the January lOth Miami Herald. said infiight training has been on the decline From my visits to the FAA office in Miami ever since the fuel crisis emerged late in 1974. and a day spent at the present Everglades That crisis hastened FAA liberalization of HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN training site, I learned of the facts borne out training rules to allow airlines to rely more OF FLORIDA in the Herald article. on ground instruction. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Everglades jetport has handled train­ "All operations began to decline then," ing :flights for five years-with no apparent Rudd said. "including those of Eastf!rn Air­ Wednesday. February 4. 1976 environmental damage. Instead of the 200,- lines, historically the biggest user of the air­ Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, last week 000 operations originally envisioned, there port." were only 22,000 operations last year; and The decline has cut into the landing fees l submitted for the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ FAA now operates only half-a-day. The grow­ Dade County receives from the training field ORD an article which had appeared in ing use of ground simulators to conserve though deficits are underwritten by the air­ the Miami Herald regarding the Dade fuel will further reduce training flights. lines through their Miami International fees. County Training Jetport. I have been With these facts in mind. I suggest that According to Aviation Department Con­ interested and involved in this issue for the FAA initiate the necessary steps to elim­ troller Marvin Knutson, the department ool­ a number of years, and, since Congress inate the continuance of any Federal com­ lected. just $102,880 in fees during he most will soon be asked to provide funds to ac­ mittment to any further jet training site recent fiscal year, failing for the first time quire a replacement site for the cw·rent facility. Expenditures for studies, reports, cove·r even its $150,000 operating expense. and continued work for the Jetport pact that During its bast year financially, 1972-73, the field in the Everglades, I feel that perti­ is. no longer necessary are a waste of the Fed­ airport collected $305,260 in fees, about nent information should be made avail­ eral taxpayers money. double its cost to run and maintain. able to my colleagues. With best wishes, I am Knutson said that the Everglades facllity The article reprinted last week Sincerely, was never planned to generate enough 1n brought out two important factors in WILLIAM LEHMAN, fees to amortize the bonds that financed its this controversy. First. there is no evi­ Member oj Congress. construction. dence of environmental harm at the Instead those costs are subsidized by rev­ Everglades site after 4 years of training [From the Miami Herald, Jan. 10, 1976) enues from Miami International, whose traf­ fic congestion the training facility was de­ operations there. Second, it is unlikely TRAINING JETPORT PLANS PUSHED DESPITE signed to relieve. that further development e>f the Glades SLUMP AT GLADES FIELD site or any other into a full-scale com­ (By Don Bedwell) mercial airport, with all the attendant As federal officials processed a Dade County environmental hazards. will be needed application for $69 million to establish a new FILMMAKING IN NEW JERSEY for another 20 years or more. airline training jetport, the Everglades field I have myself visited the Everglades it is designed to replace saw traffic plummet training facility, and I have met with in 1975 to the lowest level in its six-year his­ HON. MATTHEW J. RINALDO tory. aviation omcials and with interested citi­ Trainees performed only 22,600 landings OF :r."EW JERSEY zens• groups. Everything I have heard or take-offs at the wilderness runway during IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES read has indicated to me that spending the year-far below the 100,000 peak of 1972 Wednesday, February 4. 1976 $69 million of Federal funds to acquire a and only a shadow of the 200,000 operations replacement site for training operations envisioned when the. facility was opened in Mr. RINALDO. Mr. Speaker, t.he State would be no less than a waste of money. 1970 on the Dade-Collier line. of New Jersey is suffering from an un­ Before returning to Washington for Declining activity has prompted the FAA employment rate .of 13.4 percent, one of the second session. I wrote to voice my to cut its 24-hour-a-day control tower oper­ the highest in the Nation. However, an ation to half a day, although controllers is concerns to Administrator John Mc­ worked longer hours this week to handle Na­ effort now underway which would re­ Lucas of the Federal Aviation Admin­ tional Airlines pilots requalifying after a long store the State's position as a major ist:mtion, and I enclosed with my letter strike. filmmaking center. another Miami Herald article. This ar­ Despite the slumping traffic-attributable Some of my veteran colleagues in the ticle further points out the lack of need to the growing use of ground simulators to House may recall that New Jersey was for a new training facility in Dade Coun­ conserve fuel-the FAA's Miami office is mov­ the center of early filmmaking. The ty, showing that, far from being as ing ahead with a Dade application for a fed­ Palisades in New Jersey, overlooking the eral grant to acquire and develop a replace­ heavily used as was expected-the initial ment facility on the Broward line at U.S. 27. Hudson River, was the backdrop of some projection when the Glades facility was "Our job is to fulfill the federal govern­ of the more exciting adventures of the opened in 1970 was for 200.000 training ment's obligation under the Jetport Pact," early film heroes and heroines. fiights per year-flights have never ex­ said James E. Sheppard, chief of the FAA's But, just like most American pioneers, ceeded 100,000 per year. and, in 1975, airports district office in Miami. fihnmakers moved westward, resulting fell to less than 23,000. One major cause "If somebody feels that a different ap­ in a decline of filmmaking on the east of this decrease has been the energy proach should be taken because operational coast. And in the last decade more and crisis; ground simulators are now widely activity has decllned, then the pact will have more films produced and financed by to be changed." used in place of actual training flights, In that pact signed in '70, the federal gov­ American firms being shot abroad where to conserve valuable fuel supplies. This ernment agreed to acquire an alternate site wages are lower and the tax climate is trend can only be expected to continue and build a training runway if Dade would right. as our Nation strives to attain energy relinquish the controversial fac111ty it had de­ The efforts now underway in New independence. veloped 50 mlles west of Miami. The so-called Jersey to attract new films and film pro­ Mr. Speaker, it is evident from my Everglades jetport has continued to handle duction companies can reverse that meetings, readings, and investigation trainlng flights--with none of the !eared en­ trend. Last December, more than 40 film that a replacement site for the Glades vironmental damage-as officials have sought producers, television directors, movie· be to pinpoint and fund a replacement site. training jetport would duplicative and A joint team 1n 1973 endorsed the new related union representatives, and public wasteful. The economic situation has Dade-Broward site on U.S. 27 after a two­ officials gave unanimous approval to the changed since 1970, and there is now no year search. But that. closer-in sit, according creation of a New Jersey Motion Picture evidence of need. It would take over four to Dade Aviation Department estimates, wlll & Television Commission to promote times the price of the Glades facility to cost more than $69 million to acquire and New Jersey as a center of filmmaking. February 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2441 This idea has sparked solid support and tional parks combined (Olympic, North Cas­ Surrounding the wilderness would be a a great deal of enthusiasm from workers cades, Mount Rainier). "management unit" of 628,000 acres. and businessmen throughout the Garden MORE PEOPLE, MORE JOBS Two other plans were unveiled by State. The Forest Service predicts that hik­ private groups. A bill backed by timber Mr. Speaker, New Jersey has the nu~ ing use will increase by more than 400 industry spokesmen and others called for cleus to organize a new east coast film percent over the next few decades. In all, a wilderness of 216,000 acres. Conserva­ industry and supply thousands of des­ 930,000 persons stopped to enjoy the Al­ tion groups asked for a national recrea­ perately needed jobs. I am hopeful that pine Lakes region in 1972, and they spent tion area of 1,012,.000 acres, and con­ this commission will pave the way to a $23 million for their pleasure. Those dol­ tained in this land would be an Alpine resurgence of this important business lars will be multiplied five times in the Lakes Wilderness of 575,000 acres. In­ along the Atlantic seaboard. next 25 years, according to the Forest cluded in the proposal were strict con­ Service. And those dollars add up to jobs. trols to be imposed on both public and That is why we need a sound plan to private lands. handle the area today and to provide op­ THREE BILLS AND A COMPROMISE ALPINE LAKES: NATURE'S JEWEL portunities for tomorrow. To insure that all the plans would get FOR THE FAMILY Concerned for timber industry jobs, a fair hearing, the Washington Con­ the congressional delegation took steps gressional delegation introduced all three HON. LLOYD MEEDS to improve job prospects in the future. bills without bias in any direction. The The bill we fashioned requires accele­ measures were H.R. 7792-Forest Serv­ OF WASHINGTON rated reforestation, timber stand im­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ices; H.R. 3977-Conservation Groups; provement, and forest growth measures and H.R. 3978-Timber Industry. Wednesday, February 4, 1976 in all the lands of the two national for­ Hundreds of letters and messages Mr. MEEDS. Mr. Speaker, there seems ests. poured into our congressional offices, on to be some misunderstanding about the Growing more timber will result in all sides of the issue. "Save it, log it, pro­ loss or gain of jobs that might result many more jobs than exist now. tect it, develop it," ran the conflicting from the passage of a bill establishing That, in a nutshell, is what we six arguments. an Alpine Lakes Wilderness area in the Congressmen from our State are at­ The Subcommittee on National Parks State of Washington, which has been tempting to accomplish with our dele­ and Recreation held exhaustive hear­ proposed by six of the seven Members of gation bill. ings in Washington, D.C., Seattle, and Congress from our State. We want to save today's jobs, and in­ Wenatchee. Officials such as Governor Let me set the record straight. crease tomorrow's jobs. Evans and Seattle Mayor Uhlman backed Not one stick of commercial timber has We also want to preserve for ourselves the conservation groups' bill. Timber ever been cut from the wilderness area and our children and the folks of the companies and some wood products proposed by the delegation. Not one pres­ future, some of the priceless outdoor unions backed the small wilderness. ent job in the woods or mills is depend­ heritage of the Cascades. There had to be a middle ground. After ent on timber in the proposed wilderness One of the most important things the last hearings, the Washington con­ area. about the Alpine Lakes is that one heck gressional delegation met five separate There has been disagreement among of a lot of people go there. Fishermen times to work out a reasonable com­ the experts on the possible loss of "al­ like myself try their luck in the high promise. lowable cut" of commercial timber in the lakes. Hunters pursue deer and goats. We arrived at a solution which we feel future. Skiers :flock to Alpental, Hyak, Stevens balances the issues for the greatest num­ The timber industry maximizes its Pass. Snowmobile and jeep enthusiasts ber of people. are forming clubs. Hikers buy camping estimates. The Alpine Lakes area is large, and it Conservationists minimize theirs. equipment. All these uses are increasing in quantum leaps. The timber harvesting is diverse. The key to fit all the pieces, all The U.S. Forest Service has made esti­ of the conflicting points of view, together mates which are generally conceded to also provides logs and jobs for the economy. so that compatible uses complement each be accurate. other and provide outdoor recreation ex­ So, let us examine the impact of the The delegation put together a bill that compromises some obvious differences of periences for all, without seriously hurt­ proposed wilderness area by using Forest ing the timber industry. Service figures. The Agency said the opinion about the uses to which those icy overall impact would be a loss of 18.6 peaks, mountains, and lakes should be The congressional delegation made million board feet from the annual tim­ put. several key decisions. First, it was de­ ber harvest presently programed within YEARS OF CAREFUL STUD¥ cided not to impose controls such as the proposed wilderness area, with an­ Plans for the Alpine Lakes country clearcutting restrictions on private other 5 to 11 million board feet lost from have been coming forward since the lands. Second, the delegation excluded harvesting restraints in areas adjacent 1930's, but no formal land classification some of the heavy commercial timber to the wilderness area, depending on has been adopted. Recognizing the areas from the proposed Alpine Lakes Forest Service management decisions in unique nature of the Alpine Lakes, the wilderness. Some of these lands contain the future. Forest Service in 1946 set aside some roads, cut over areas, timber sales in Even assuming the "worst case," that 243,000 acres to be managed in their nat­ progress, or planned. Thus, they can not is to say, the highest loss of timber under ural, primitive state. A 1965 Federal be deemed wilderness. the Forest Service estimates, the reduc­ study led to creation of the North Cas­ The wilderness backed by the delega­ tion in commercial timber harvesting cades National Park, but recommenda­ tion would be 383,000 acres, or only about would come to 29 million board feet a tions for the lands south of Stevens Pass 10,000 acres larger than the Forest Serv­ year, or less than one-half of 1 percent were not acted on at that time. ice recommendation. About 40,000 acres of the State's total timber harvest per To accelerate action on a land-use are privately owned, mainly rocks, ice, year. Washington cuts approximately 7 decision, the entire Washington State and peaks, and these would .be acquired billion board feet each year. congressional delegation wrote to the over 5 years, with owners paid full com­ Gov. Dan Evans of the State of Wash­ U.S. Forest Service in September of 1971. pensation either in exchange lands or ington put it best when he said: Send us a Government recommendation cash. for the best use of the resources, we RECREATION FOR THE WHOLE FAMILY The Alpine Lakes is not the heart, nor any other vital organ, of our timber industry­ urged. It was enough, the congressional dele­ the region as a whole supplies about one The Forest Service established a study gation believed, just to set aside a wilder­ percent of the logs harvested annually in team. After extensive research and field ness of 383,000 acres. There are more the State. It is, however, the largest single hearings, the team recommended that people using more of the resources, and block in the backbone of the recreational Congress create an Alpine Lakes Wilder­ resources of the state. This region receives ness of 292,000 acres. Another 82,500 as we have seen from projections, those more visits than the Olympic and North acres, half in public ownership, half in outdoor uses wfil intensify. Cascades National Parks combined-and it private lands, might become wilderness Responding to the need for greater receives more hiker use than all three na- if the private lands were acquired later. recreational opportunities, the delega- 2442 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1976 tion bill sets up a management unit material in order to fully discharge its NUCLEAR ENGINEERS SOUND surrounding the wilderness. Comprised intelligence oversight responsibility. WARNING OF THREAT TO of 537,000 acres, the management unit In accepting that responsibility, how­ MANKIND would be identified as the Ice Peaks En­ ever, we must recognize the need to pro­ chantment Area. It is to be multiple-use­ tect certain data and take every means management zone, with a plan developed possible, including self-disciplinary, to HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER over 3 years. Specifically, the plan, re­ minimize the risks of unauthorized dis­ OF NEW YORK quires: closures. To date, we have been remiss IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A dispersed network of overnight in this regard, principally because we Wednesday, February 4, 1976 camping facilities, some reachable by have allowed an increasing number of car, some with sanitary facilities. There committees to share in the oversight Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, we have is a need for many more such camping responsibility. had many warnings from concerned areas. As it now stands, eight congressional scientists, environmentalists, and con­ A study and evaluation of possible new committees-six standing and two se­ sumer advocates about the grave threat and expanded ski sites. lect-are informed of at least some which the human race faces from in­ An extensive trail hostel system. aspects of CIA's activities. This has re­ creased use of nuclear power. They have Overnight shelters would be located just sulted in the Director of CIA briefing 59 testified that there could be grave con­ outside the wilderness, making the wil­ Senators and 149 Representatives over sequences from our expanded dependency derness easily accessible to families. the past year on some facet of the intel­ on nuclear power. They have seriously Development of picnic facilities. ligence business. Such an arrangement questioned the adequacy of the safety of Formulation of a new transportation has proven wholly unsatisfactory as reactors, waste disposal procedures, and system. The bill would encourage the Congress has diffused the oversight re­ protection from theft of nuclear fuels. Forest Service to work with local officials sponsibility to the point where it is Unfortunately, little attention has been to set up commuter buses, for example. grossly ineffective. Moreover, as recently given to such timely and important Reasonable timber harvesting prac­ noted by Mr. McGeorge Bundy, President observations and far too many of the tices on Federal lands to protect visual Kennedy's National Security Adviser, it well-reasoned and sound arguments in quality, prevent soil erosion, improve wa­ has also led to "unauthorized and arbi­ opposition to dependence on nuclear tershed and fisheries management. And trary leaks." These, of course, are most power have been dismissed out of hand by at the same time to provide additional counterproductive as they seriously un­ the responsible Federal authorities and timber industry jobs. dermine the mutual trust and confidence the industry. Making the resources work for the between the executive and legislative Yesterday it was reported that three people is the aim of the delegation's com­ branches that are so essential to making high-level engineers associated with the promise Alpine Lakes bill. Gifford Pin­ oversight work. General Electric Co.'s nuclear energy chot, the famed forester of the turn of The proliferation of committees con­ division had resigned their high-level the century, described conservation as cerned with intelligence oversight has positions in protest over the work to "wise use." also created problems for those who have which they had devoted most of their That is what the delegation bill sets to testify before Congress. Mr. Colby, adult lives. Claiming that "nuclear out to do-not to lock up the land, and shortly before he turned over the reins power is a technological monster that not to allow it to be plundered. of the CIA last week, estimated that he threatens all future generations," these The Central Casca-des Mountains be­ spent almost half of his time during the three engineers displayed the courage long to all of us. The Alpine Lakes are last year testifying before various con­ of their convictions and have volunteered like a precious necklace-it deserves ad­ gressional committees. Needless to say, to work for the effort presently underway miration, respect, and protection-and this seriously endangered his ability to in California to conduct a referendum use. fulfill his dual responsibility of adminis­ on future nuclear development in that State. tering the CIA a.nd overseeing the intel­ These men have resigned because of ligence community. What a great sav­ their stated concern over the disastrous CREATION OF JOINT COMMITTEE ings in time and energy would result if consequences which could re5ult either ON INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT he only were required to account to a from a serious accident or the prolifera­ single committee comprised of a mem­ tion of nuclear power which could result bership that was representative of Con­ in its use for nonpeaceful purposes. As HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD gress as a whole. one of these engineers so aptly noted- Another factor we should bear in mind OF MICHIGAN I am no longer convinced of the technical IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in our considerations pertains to Con­ safety of nuclear power, and I fear the high gress investigative arm-the Govern­ risk of political and human factors that will Wednesday, February 4, 1976 ment Accounting Office--GAO. Its cur­ ultimately lead to the misuse of its by­ Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, as rent director, Mr. Elmer Staats, makes a products. the House and Senate draw to a close strong case for a joint committee on the I believe we should heed these warnings their investigations of the intelligence grounds that it would bring about, among and give serious consideration and atten­ community, I would like to stress to both other things, a much more efficient work­ tion to the observations of these tech­ Chambers the importance of proceeding ing relationship with Congress. Presently, nicians who have had broad experience posthaste in our deliberations of where with so many committees and subcom­ in the field of nuclear energy. I par­ we go from here. Everyone is agreed­ mittees possessing at least some jurisdic­ ticularly hope that the appropriate com­ in both the executive and legislative tional responsibility over the intelligence mittees of the House and Senate will branches-that Congress should estab­ community, the GAO is ofttimes pulled invite these men to personally discuss lish a permanent mechanism for over­ their experiences and concerns in order seeing the various activities of this coun­ simultaneously in several directions as to what and for whom it should conduct that we may better confront the issue of try's complex intelligence apparatus. nuclear power and make more rational The real debate now centers around a particular investigation. and sound determinations as to its future. whether this oversight function should Mr. Speaker, intelligence oversight is I present herewith, for inclusion in the be concentrated in a joint committee or an issue of overwhelming urgency and REcORD, two recent newspaper articles in separate committees of both Houses. public concern. The issue that confronts which describe the view of these engi­ I think all of us agree that inherent us is clear: What can Congress do now neers in greater detail. I commend these 1n any congressional effort to practice to insure that henceforth it will respon­ articles to our colleagues' attention: meaningful oversight is the risk of leaks sibly exercise effective control over all [From the New York Times, Feb. 3, 1976] of sensitive and/or classified informa­ the intelligence activities engaged in by THREE ENGINEERS OF GENERAL ELECTRIC Co. tion. While acknowledging this, we main­ our Government? Hopefully, the argu­ QUIT JOBS tain that it is a risk worth taking as ment I have made today on behalf of a (By David Burnham) there is a clear-cut requirement for Con­ Joint Committee on Intelligence Over­ SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 2.-Three managing gress to have access to highly classified sight has given you the answer. engineers from the division of the General February. 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2443 Ele<:tric Company that builds nuclear re­ exclaimed that he was in.Japan to work on a nuclear sales are about $450 million a year. actors quit their jobs today and volunteered reactor G.E. was building there. or 4 percent of all its sales. to work for the California movement to halt "The bellboy kind of shrank back and said, nuclear power. · 'I don't think that's a good thing,' " he said. [FTom the Wall Street Journal, Feb. 4, 1976) Attempts to obtain a comment today from ..1 have always remembered that; tt was the THREE HIGH-LEVEL GE ENGINEERS RESIGN, G.E.'s nuclear energy division were unsuc- first time I had ever been confronted with JOIN CAMPAIGN TO CUT NUCLEAR-POWER cessful. · someone other than myself with doubts." UsE The three engineers, who abandoned posi­ Mr. Minor recalled an occasion when he SAN FRANCISCO.-Three management-level tions that paid between $30,000 and $40,000 a began working for G.E. at a Government engineers in General Electric Co.'s nuclear year, said in an interview that they had de­ faciUty in Hanford, Wash., when he looked energy division in San Jose, Galif., resigned cided to resign because they believed that down into a pool of water glowing with the and said they are convinced "nuclear power nuclear energy represented a profound threat intense blue radiation that plutonium gives is a techno1ogical monster that threatens all to man. off. future generations." The decision of the three to speak out "I looked through that 10 or 15 feet of The three said they intend to begin cam­ against what they had worked to build dur­ water, the life-saving shield between me paigning in favor of the California nuclear ing most of their professional careers was and that fuel, and I knew that if any one of initiative. The initiative, if adopted in a June seen as giving an important impetus to a those elements were to come up and hit me in statewide election, would prohibit construc­ California initiative proposal on the ballot the eye, that I was dead, just like that. Or tion of new nuclear-generating plants and in the June primary that eventually could if the water was gone, I was dead, just like would phase out production of electricity lead to an end to the operation of atomic that,'' he said. from existing plants over a period of years, reactors in California. "And I got the feeling right there of the unless a number of stringent conditions are Organizations in at least a dozen other very precarious balance we have between met. states, mostly in the West, hope to get a radioactive materials in a safe state and ra­ The three men who resigned are Dale G. variety of their own antinuclear initiative dioactive materials in an unsafe state, and Bridenbaugh, 44 years old, manager of per­ proposals before the voters in the November the dangers to life are that close.'' formance evaluation and improvement, who elections. HUMAN ERROR has been with GE 22 yea.rs; Richard B. Hub­ UTILITIES CONCERNED Mr. Hubbard said. hfs work in designing bard, 38, manager of quality assurance, who Although industry lawyers have contended control rooms had led him to believe that has been with GE 16 years, and Gregory c. that the provisions of the California initia­ "human error is a very credible event.'' Minor, 38, manager of advanced control and tive and those of the other states may be "The Brown's Ferry incident," he said, instrumentation, who has worked for GE 16 found unconstitutional, the util1ties and "showed human fallacy. I have been involved years. such lobbying groups as the Atomic Indus­ in making a lot of field fixes in reactors, and Mr. B·ridenbaugh has been involved with trial Forum are deeply concerned about the I have developed a strong feeling that we nuclear-power plants since 19•58, when he apparently growing public opposition to' nu­ don't really know what is going on inside a was the field engineer for the installation clear power. reactor.'' and sta~rt-up of the first large-scale commer• The three engineers who threw their ex­ All three expressed disbelief that the cial nuclear-power plant. Mr. Hubbard is a perience and knowledge behind the coalition United States should sell reactors to Israel member of the standards subcommittee on of groups trying to halt nuclear power in and Egypt. quality assurance of the Institute of Elec­ California were until today middle level man­ Mr. Bridenbaugh said: "A13 recently as last trical and Ele<:tronics Engineers. Mr. Minor agers in a G.E. facil1ty in San Jose 48 miles has managed GE's design of safety systems, south of San Francisco. Married, each with year I was giving a sales pitch, so to speak, a talk to delegates from Egypt, explaining control systems and control rooms for nucle­ three grade school-age children, they are ar-power plants since 1971. Dale G. Bridenbaugh, 44 years old; Gregory to them how easy and safe and comfortable it is to operate a reactor, and about the Because of their credentials and experi­ C. Minor, 38, and Richard B. Hubbard, 38. ence, the resignations of the three engineers Together, they had amassed 54 years with same time Dick was talking· to the Israelis.'' I said to my boss, "How can we rationalize are certain to play a major role in the grow­ General Electric. . ing debate over the California initiative and "My reason. for leaving is a deep convic­ these sales?" He said, "Well, I have struggled with myself, and I guess that the way I over the safety of nuclear-power plants gen­ tion that nuclear reactors and nuclear weap­ erally. ons now present a serious danger to the fu­ rationaltze it, is if we don't do it, the French wlll, so what the hell." In San Jose, GE said the resignations ture of all life on this planet," Mr. Minor, "came as a complete surprise." The com­ manager for advanced controls and instru­ The men said that after developing their private doubts over a period of years, be­ pany said it "had no prior indication from mentation, said ·in his letter of resignation. any of these individuals of any broad con­ "From what I've seen, the magnitude of ginning a few months ago they came to­ ·gether, partly with the help of a nonprofit cern about the1r work or nuclear power. The the risks and the uncertainty of the human contents of their resignation letters present factor and the genetic unknowns have led educa.tional organization called the Creative Initiative Foundation. no fresh views or arguments but repeat the me to believe there shoUld be no nuclear emotional claims of Project Survival, a local power," said Mr. Bridenbaugh, manager for All three said they had discussed the deci­ performance evaluation and improvement. sion, the loss of income and the expected antinuc~ear ~oup.'' scorn of their fellow engineers with their In· · his resignation, ·Mr. Bridenba-ugh THREAT OF ACCIDENT wives. wrote: "Nuclear power has become a te<:h­ "I am now convinced that there is no way "She has given me 100 percent support nological monster and it 1s not clear who, if you can continue to build plants and operate and there are positive benefits in that, hav­ anyone, is in control. I am no longer con­ them without having an accident," explained ing gone through this thing together, we have vinced of the technical safety of nuclear Mr. Hubbard, manager for quality assurance become a lot closer," Mr. Bridenbaugh said. power, and I fear the high risk of political of G.E.'s nuclear energy control and instru­ "I am sure there will be host111ty in the and human factors that will ultimately lead mentations department. industry, that some will see us as traitors. to the misuse of its by-products." The three men discussed their decision to As far as the people I know at G.E., I don't Mr. Minor wrote that he is convinced leave the only employer any of them has really expect anything other than the cold "that nuclear reactors and nuclear wewpons ever known and go to work for the groups shoulder." now present a serious danger to the future opposed to nuclear energy during a three­ He said that he was not so much concerned of all life on this planet. He added: "I am hour interview yesterday in a hotel suite. about individual decisions facing the manu­ convinced that the reactors, the nuclear-fuel Each cited different incidents or problems facturers, utilities and the Nuclear Regula­ cycle and waste-stora.ge systems aren't that had played a part in his growing doubts tory Commission, but with the steadily ris­ safe.'' about nuclearpower, among them the ex­ ing pressure to keep the reactors operating Commenting on a campaign by industry plosion of a nuclear bomb by India, the dis­ as the nation increases it reliance on them. against the California nuclear initiative he puted health effects of radiation, the Amer­ He declared that when he personally be­ wrote: "I have seen the attempts to confuse ican decision to sell reactors to Israel and gan considering the safety question in con­ and whitewash the issues by claiming that Egypt and the serious accidental fire almost nection with more than 20 G.E. reactors in there are no unsolvable problems and ap­ one year ago in the world's largest reactor the United States, "when I defined my pro­ pealing to individuals' fears for their jobs. complex at Brown's Ferry, Ala. gram objectives it was not really to assess The public must be told that there are many ''I remember in 1969 or 1970 ttlaking a· trip the safety of the plant, it was to see what problems." to Japan," Mr. Bridenbaugh recalled. "Up to could be done to assure their continued Mr. Hubbard wrote: "I have seen too many this time I had always felt I was a white hat instances where engineers didn't consider guy doing things to protect the environment, operation.'' all the relevant parameters, where craftsmen to clear up power plants. I had never really According to a recent report to the Govern­ didn't follow the prescribed manufacturing been directly questioned about whether nu­ ment, General Electric is the world's largest and construction methods, where the plant clear power was right or wrong." manufacturer of nuclear equipment, having operator acted in error when called upon Mr. Bridenbaugh explained how he had ar­ supplied 27 of the 99 reactors reportedly oper­ for a spilt-second decision and where plant­ rived at his hotel and how, in response to a ating as of late 1974. According to Allan Ben­ maintenance de<:isions were based on con­ question from the bellboy, he had proudly asuli, an analyst with Drexel Burnham, G.E.'s tinued power production-not plant safety.'' 2444 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1976 At a news conference in Los Angeles, Mr. MINETA presented a "report from Capitol would not, under any clrcuillStances, "rub­ Bridenbaugh sale. federal regulation of the Hill" on a program of vital importance ber stamp" a reauthorization bill. nuclear-power industry is ineffective because to the cities and of some controversy in Second, in early November, the Chairman power-plant manufacturers don't volunteer of the Full House. Committee on Govern­ adverse information about potential safety the Congress-general revenue sharing. ment Operations, . Congressman Jack Brooks hazards to the Nuclear Regulatory Commis­ Having served as the mayor of Santa of Texas, made an unexpected appearan:ce at sion. Ana, Calif. before coming to the Con­ the Subcommittee's revenue sharing hear­ "If safety problems were fully reported by gress, the thrust of Mr. MINETA's address ings, staying long enough to hear the testi­ GE or other companies, there would be to the city officials struck a particularly mony of Congressman George Mahon of tremendous pressure to make black-and­ responsive chord-one which I hope will Texas, Chairman of the powerful Appropria­ white decisions on whether to close down cer­ be considered and remembered by all tions Committee. In his testimony, Chairman tain plants, based on what is basically specu­ Mahon urged the Government Operations lative information," he said. "It is human Members of Congress when the House Committee not to report a bill providing for nature to refrain from reporting a suspected considers reenactment of general rev­ automatic revenue sharing appropriations, safety situation until it's fully understood enue sharing in the spring. but simply to extend the program, leaving to be hazardous." The speech follows: the funding level up to the Appropriations Mr. Bridenbaugh, who was joined at the "REVENUE SHARING: THE BAD NEWS FROM Committee. news conference by Messrs. Hubbard and CAPITOL HILL" Government Operation Committee Chair­ Minor, said the NRC isn't aggres~ive about (By the Honorable NORMAN Y. MINETA) man Brooks assured Chairman Mahon that safety issue because it is under great pres­ this Committee would not become involved sure to im1-11ement the federal policy of ex­ Mr. President, Members of the Board, in appropriating funds for revenue sharing­ pandinrg nuclear power's contribution to na­ Ladies and Gentlemen, it is a particular that the Government Operations Committee tional energy requirements and because it is pleasure and an honor for me to address would consider only an authorizing bill. Per­ made up of nuclear-industry people. the opening session of the Annual Congress haps the most telling moment for the future GE, in a statement, said it wasn't sur­ of Cities. Although it has been almost a year of revenue sharing came, however, in a col­ prising that "three out of several thousand since I left your ranks to serve in the United loquy between Chairman Brooks and Chair­ GE nuclear engineers have come out in fa­ States House of Representatives, I still find man Mahon, when they both expressed vor of" the California. nuclear initiative. myself-much to the chagrin of some of my strong philosophical opposition to the pro­ "While we respect their right to express their senior colleagues in the House-substantial­ gram, but agreed that it would be necessary opinions, the company emphatically disagrees ly and personally identifying with you at the to provide some funding for revenue sharing with their point of view." local level. • to prevent severe disruptions in state and GE said the safety of nuclear power has While some might describe the phenomen­ local governments while the program was been confirmed by many objective studies on of a former mayor in Congress as a being phased out. over the past two decades. "The overwhelm­ chronic case of "federal/local schizophrenia", Third, on the Senate side, the picture is ing majority of the scientific and engineer­ my roots in local government have enabled slightly more favorable. Senate Finance ing community, including GE scientists and me to view the current Congressional debate Chairman Russell Long, of Louisiana, re­ engineers, believes the benefits of nuclear on re-enactment of the general revenue shar­ mains a friend of general revenue sharing, power far outweigh the risk," the GE state­ ing program from a unique perspective. This but has indicated that he does not plan to ment said. afternoon, I would like to share with you move on re-enactment until the House acts. Those arguing against adoption of the Cali­ some observations on the issue of revenue The Senator feels that if the Senate acts fornia nuclear initative claim it is merely sharing re-enactment--where the battle lines first, they will be in a weaker bargaining are forming, who is lining up on each side, position when the time comes to resolve the an attempt to legislate a total ban on nu­ and some of the major scheduling problems clear power. Proponents of the measure, how­ differences between the House and Senate ever, deny this. They say the measure is aimed we face. versions. at insuring the safety of nuclear-power By way of background to the discussion of Fourth, thus far, there has been support plants. revenue sharing's prospects in the Congress, for general revenue sharing re-enactment it is imperative to recognize that public con­ from the Administration. However, as Elec­ The initiative provides that if nuclear pow­ fidence in government at all levels has hit er plants are to operate in California, the tion Day, November 2, 1976, draws closer, the rock bottom. According to pollster Lou Har­ bipartisan support needed to extend the gen­ present federal $560 million limit of liability ris' recent surveys, 72% of the American peo­ from any single nuclear accident must be eral revenue sharing program, will be threat­ ple stated they do not think they get their ened by political motivations. One illustra­ eliminated. Another key provision in the money's worth from their taxes, up from 56% initiative requires the California legislature tion we have had already, was the Presi­ in 1969. During the same period of time, the dent's proposal for a $28 billion spend~ng to affirm by a two-thirds vote that nuclear­ "confidence quotient" for our major govern­ cut, with an equal reduction of the federal power plants are safe. mental institutions-the Federal Executive income tax. The response to the tax/spend­ GE is one of the largest companies in the Branch, the Congress, State Government, and ing cut proposal from the majority of Con­ nuclear-power industry. It has taken orders Local Government-plummeted to an aver­ gressional Democrats is best characterized by for 69 U.S. nuclear generating facilities, of age or 14%. This amounts to a slippage of House Ways and Means Committee Chair­ which 22 are in operation. Overseas, the com­ about 30% from the level of public confi­ man Al Ullman's comment, when he said, pany and its licensees have received orders dence enjoyed just six years ago. and I quote: "It is the mood of Congress to for 48 nuclear-power plants, of which 18 have Underlying the generalized public frustra­ eliminate federal revenue sharing-probably begun operation. tion with government at all levels, are the all of it-if that body is called on to make feelings that there is just too much govern­ severe budget cuts." ment, and that big government at all levels Fifth, from outside the federal government, is demanding too much financial support in the AFL-CIO has recently announced, NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES the form of taxes from the people, to deliver through a resolution adopted at their annual SPEECH ON GENERAL REVENUE services of questionable value at higher than convention, their position on revenue shar­ SHARING necessary costs. For example, the question re­ ing. Briefly stated, whatever you may be hear­ cently posed by Senator Edmund Muskie, a ing from your local AFSCME representatives, friend of the cities, and I quote: "do we real­ the umbrella AFL--CIO requests that Con­ HON. JERRY M. PATTERSON ly expect a majority of Americans to support gress make substantial changes in the pro­ .. more government programs-no matter how ', OF CALIFORNIA gram prior to reenactment. Among the labor worthy-at a time when confidence in gov­ organization's requested amendments are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ernment is at an all-time low?" that Congress: Wednesday, February 4, 1976 Switching now from the general atmos­ 1. View general revenue sharing as a sup­ phere in which revenue sharing re-enact­ plement to state and local tax revenues, Mr. PATTERSON. Mr. Speaker, as ·a ment will be debated by the Congress, I rather than as a replacement for the cate­ followup to the important debate which would like to run down the specifics, the gorical assistance programs; occured on the floor of the House last background-the scenario-which-when 2. Adopt an allocation formula which tar­ Thursday, relative to the countercyclical taken together-point to the very real pos­ gets funds to jurisdictions providing a high assistance title of H.R. 5247, the Public sibility that, without substantial efforts on level of public services, and containing a large Works Employment Act, I would like to your part, the general revenue sharing pro­ number of disadvantaged citizens; gram will not be continued. 3. Use the programs to reward states raising share with my colleagues the remarks First, speaking as the Chairman of the their own revenues through progressive tax reoently delivered by our California col­ House Government Operat!ons Subcommit­ structures; league and former mayor of San Jose, tee which now has jurisdiction over the pro­ 4. Mandate strong civil rights enforcement NORMAN Y. MINETA, before the National gram's future, Congressman L. H. Fountain under the general revenue sharing program; League of Cities' Congress of Cities in of North Carolina informed a panel of local and Miami Beach, Fla. In his remarks. before government officials in early October that re­ 5. Require all recipient governments to the annual assembly of local officials enactment of revenue sharing will not occur comply with the provisions of the Fair from across the Nation, Congressman this calendar year since his Subcommittee Labor Standards Act. Februa·ry 4, 19t6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2445 And finally, to the conditional support of government as seen by the cities of onr My bill will require that these opera­ the AFL-CIO, must be added the opposition Nation. tions justify themselves within 3 years of civil rights groups, the League of Women Effort-s for re-enactment thus far have of enactment, and thereafter every 5 Voters' national organization, and other tra­ fallen dangerously short of the level and years, or be abolished. ditional supporters of urban programs. intensity of the earlier drive for initial If all this were not enough bad news for passage of general revenue sharing, while This legislation will apply to 11 exist.. general revenue sharing's prospects, I would opposition to the program's extension goes ing agencies and to any similar agencies be remiss if I did not interject the crucial unanswered, and, the critical need for early created in the future by Congress. The element of timing for re-enactment in my Congressional action to ensure program con­ 11 existing agencies to which it applies remarks. tinuity, is ignored. are: Within the context of enacting legislation I fully recommend that you not leave this The Civil Aeronautics Board; to continue the revenue sharing program, m.eeting until the forces of the Nation's The Consumer Product Safety Com~ the time element becomes a double-edged cities have been mobilized to secm·e a Con­ sword. The first side of the sword relates to gressional response to your needs. mission; the new Congressional budgeting process, Do what you know needs to be done. The Environmental Protection Agency; and the second to your own local budget Focus your attention upon the Congres­ The Federal Communications Com- timetables. sional leadership and the key Committee mission; Under the Congressional Budget Control Chairmen through the members of this The Federal Maritime Commission; Act, which will be fully operational for all organization who know them best. The Federal Power Commission; fiscal year 1977 authorizations and appropria­ Confront critics of the program locally The Federal Trade Commission; tions, a series of deadlines will have to be and nationally, and answer their criticisms The Food and Drug Administration; met if general revenue sharing is to be with the facts as you know them in your The Interstate Commerce Commission; extended: cities. By March 15, 1976, the Senate Finance Make sure your st ate and county leagues The Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Committee and the House Government and associations are actively participating in and Operations Committee must propose to their this effort. The Securities and Exchange Com­ respective Budget Committees revenue shar­ Finally, and most importantly, recognize mission. ing spending targets for the continuation of thwt the opportunity for re-enactment of The findings and purpose of this legis­ the program beyond December 31, 1976, its revenue sharing during this first session of lation, as stated in the bill, are as follows: present termination date; the 94th Congress, has already been lost. First. Certain regulatory activities of By April 15, 1976, each Budget Committee As a result, your fight and the timing of Federal regulatory agencies have unduly wlll have to include revenue sharing expendi­ that effort must conform to the rules of ture targets for fiscal year 1977 in the First the Congressional Budget Act and the dead­ interfered with the normal conduct of Budget Resolution it reports; lines it establishes. Your first deadline is to private business in the United States; By May 15, 1976, the House and Senate secure the support of the House Govern­ Second. Certain regulatory activities of must finally adopt the First Budget Resolu­ ment Operations and Senate Finance Com­ Federal regulatory agencies have in some tion containing revenue sharing targets. mittees for continued revenue sharing instances limited competition and en­ Until that Resolution is adopted-until expenditures beyond Dooember 31, 1976, couraged inflation within segments of May 15th--consideration of a revenue sharing before the Committees make their spending the economy; re-enactment bill may not occu:· on the target recommendations to the Budget Third. Certain areas of the national House or Senate floor. Committees on March 15th. If expenditure targets for general revenue Your staff and your friends in Congress economy tend to be overregulated due sharing are included throughout this por­ wlll exert every effort to assist you in meet­ to overlapping jurisdictions and conflict­ tion of the Congressional budget process, and ing this and the other deadlines that must ing statutory mandates of Federal regu­ a re-enactment measure is agreed to by the be met. However, as elected officials I am latory agencies; House and Senate by September 15th, 1976, sure you can appreclate the necessity for Fourth. Inefficiencies and outdated a final FY 1977 budget ceiling for revenue Members of Congress to respond to clearly­ regulation of the economy imposes con­ sharing must be included in the Second articulated constitutent needs. Budget Resolution adopted by the House siderable financial burdens on business Your needs must be made known now. which cost consumers billions of dollars and Senate by the same date. Members of Congress have got to see the With regard to your own local budgetary light-you've got to apply the heat. every year in resultant higher prices for timetable, I would suggest that, upon re­ goods and services; and turning to your municipality, you ask your Fifth. There is a need for a continuing, budget director if he or she is including rev­ periodic review of Federal regulatory enue sharing entitlements beyond December agencies in order to eliminate functions 31, 1976, in his or her revenue estimates for CONTROLLING THE REGULATORY fiscal year '76-77. If they are included, I AGENCIES of those agencies which may have ceased would respectfully suggest that they not be. to serve and promote the public welfare. I would also suggest that you share this As I have traveled up and down the with your colleagues on the City Council, HON. ALPHONZO BELL State of California in the past few and in the Mayor's or Manager's office, be­ OF CALIFORNIA months, businessmen-particularly small cause to ignore the fact that there will be no IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES businessmen-have had one common final word on revenue sharing entitlements message: "Help us with the Government after December 31, 1976, until your local Wednesday, February 4, 1976 regulatory agencies." budget process is at the public hearing stage, Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, I am today is to ask for havoc. This is especially true if These people in business-and this a significant portion of your revenue sharing introducing H.R. 11705, which will auto­ especially applies to those who have no entitlements are now allocated to personnel matically abolish certain Federal regula­ staff or lobbies to speak for them-feel expenses. tory activities within the next 3 years there is too much regulation, too little What is needed is not circular lett ers and unless they are reinstated by specific recognition of the costs involved com­ City council resolutions to all Members of congressional action. pared to the benefits, and too much arro­ the Congress. My bill, entitled the "Regulatory gance and prejudice on the part of many Nor is it productive to schedule meetings Agency Review Act," would require that of these agencies. and make phone calls to those Members of regulatory activities be subject to peri­ My mail has contained the same ex­ Congress clearly favorable to early re-enact­ odic scrutiny by Congress and abandoned pressions. ment. or continued on the basis of their per­ As a former small corporation presi­ What is needed, is the more sophisticated formance in serving the public welfare. and well-targeted lobbying operation which More than 100,000 Federal personnel dent myself, I understand and sympa­ led to the original passa.ge of the genet·al are now employed to oversee business thize with these complaints. revenue sharing progra.m in 1972. operations in the United States. I believe the health of our economy This league, in collaboration with the In taxes, and in passed on consumer depends on an effective, competitive pri­ U.S. Conference of Mayors and the other costs, our regulatory agencies now may vate sector. Small business, which I think st ate and local government public interest suffers most from arbitrary regulatory groups, worked intensively with the Con­ cost the American people as much as gressional leadership and key Committee $100 billion annually. decisions, is at the core of our economic Chairmen to enact a revenue sharing bill Some of the regulatory activities are, recovery, and relief must be provided. that bore little resemblance to the Admin­ of course, essential. But many are self­ Congress has lost control of the regu­ istration's proposal, and reflected carefully perpetuating, interfering, and generally latory function of Government. The in­ the needs for direct fiscal assistan ce to local unnecessary. efficient, intrusive and arrogant conduct 2446 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Febt·uary 4, 1976 of. many Federal regulators must be areas of health, education, social service and When Mason wrote in 1890, 433 bills had stopped. child nutrition are significantly cut back." been vetoed and 29 overrictden,. but 15 of these My btll provides a means to help ac­ The governors' conference analysis said overrides occurred in the altogether excep­ complish this. at least In part-"Clearly . . . some states tional circumstances of Andrew Johnson's would be sharply affected by reductions in administration. If we eliminate that un­ funding, especially in health, education and fortunate and to me unattractive mali, there xnanpower programs." are 14 overrides out of 41~ vetoes, or about But it also said some governors have 3%. On Patterson's figures, through Franklin BACK TO THE PEOPLE argued for years that by consolidating sepa­ Roosevelt, and again eliminating Andrew rate federal programs "they can do more Johnson, there were forty overrides out of With less" federal money. 755 vetoes, some 5%. Override is not easy, and HON. JAMES ABDNOR The exact details and legislative language does not often occur. Why? OF SOUTH DAKOTA of Ford's plan remain to be worked out, but Consider what has to happen. Within a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the broad outline of the plan is to turn over fairly short time, you have to organize a to the states in four broad grants the same two-thirds vote in each House. So the first Wednesday, February 4, 1976 money that now is given them for 59 sepa­ question is, "How hard is this likely to be rate programs. They would get at least the in one House?" Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, though same amount in 1977 as in 1976. many Members of Congress and much Let's talte the House of Representatives The grants would be for health, education, (and here I am indebted to my conversations of the Federal bureaucracy remain un­ social services and child nutrition. There With Bob Eckhardt). The usual situation, convinced, there is a growing sentiment would be certain requirements on how the where there is a general opposition between across the land that the best way of funds could be used. For example, 90 per the President and the House, is where the getting the most for the Federal dollar cent of health funds must go for help for President is of a different party from the is to get the actual spending of it as the poor. House majority. Now the one simple factor Under present law, the states must put up that is steady is party loyalty, reenforced close to the people as possible. The suc­ a certain percentage of matching funds in cess of revenue sharing-where State by patronage. Let us take a Congress much order to qualify for the federal grant. Under like the present one, with about 290 Demo­ and local governments determine priori­ the Ford proposal, the federal government crats and about 145 Republicans-figures I ties-is a prime example. would no longer require matching funds pick for the exact 2 to 1 ratio-and with aRe­ And, revenue sharing is one of the from states. publican President. In our politics, this is reasons State and local governments are about as high as the majority in the House finding considerable appeal in the pro­ is likely to get. We ought to assume, until posals of President Ford to turn over a some reason to the contrary appears, that number of Federal programs to the PROF. CHARLES BLACK CONTINUES equal percentages of Democrats and Repub­ States. They know that far more mile­ HIS DISCUSSION OF THE PRESI­ licans wlll, in the long run, defect, both as DENTIAL VETO POWER to Democrats supporting the President and age w111 be obtained per dollar than is as to Republicans voting to override. But if now the case. (in our 29Q-145 House) ten percent of the I would like to share with my col­ HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN Republicans and ten percent of the Demo­ leagues a recent wire service article dem­ crats switch sides, the override loses by some­ onstrating this growing support. This OF MASSACHUSETTS thing like 275-160 a very decided victory particular article appeared in the Huron IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES for the President, as such things are inter­ Wednesday, February 4, 1976 preted, and in any case a failure of override capitalism at the dinner table when guests like Mary Chinese in .their effort to dupe the world and revisionism" and the struggle "against McLeod Bethune, Eleanor Roosevelt, Walter into thinking that the RepUblic of China class restoration." You are compelled to White, Charles Houston and Jackie Robinson struggle "day after day, month after month came by after NAACP rallies. is not going to succeed. While it would and year after year." This relentless and re­ It was only natural that when blacks made not be surprising if Taiwan has experi­ pressive big struggle is to be recurrently the transition from community action into enced some economic recession, just as thrust into the "depths of your soul." elected politics in increased numbers in the we have in recent times, I cannot con­ Compatriots of the mainland: The Taiwan 1960s, the Mitchells were part of the move· ceive that the Government of Taiwan is Straits cannot sever our blood relationship. ment. anywhere near collapse. The Maoist Iron Curtain cannot keep out our Parren Mitchell, who was first elected to Since the Republic of China operates expressions of concern for your spirit and Congress in 1970, had graduated from Mor­ your llves. When he was alive, President gan in 1950, then waged a typical Mitchell a free and open society, it is very easy Chiang Kai-shek, director-general of the legal battle to become the :first })lack grad· for people from around the world to visit Kuomintang, thought ceaselessly of how to uate student at the College Park campus of the island and see for themselves that unite our compatriots at home and abroad the University of Maryland before he used these people are making great strides up 1n actions to free you from the enslavement his sociology training in a series of local and the ladder of progress. One only has to on the mainland. To our deepest sorrow, the state jobs. He lost his first bid for Congress make a direct comparison between the great national leader passed away on April in 1968 but now he runs unopposed. Last lifestyle of the people of Taiwan and the 5 of this year. His death has saddened the year he made a bid for mayor of Baltimore people of mainland China to quickly free world and all the people of our country. but withdrew after a few weeks and his flUng He 1s dead, but his thoughts and his spirit was seen more as a move to call attention to draw the conclusion that where freedom remain to provide guidance for national re­ the paucity of blacks 1n official Maryland prevails, the people have greater oppor­ covery and reconstruction. In his last testa­ than as an indication of his intention to tunity for achievement and greater ful­ ment, he speclflcally instructed us: "My wage a serious campaign. fillment of life. spirit will always be with you." He urged us Insiders on the Hlll say he's well-respected The island of Taiwan possesses few to "realize the Three Principles of the Peo­ and one comments, "People like hlm because natural resources. Therefore, it must be . ple" and to "recover the mainland." In this he does his own homework, handles his press highly dependent upon foreign trade. national recovery bastion of Taiwan, Penghu, and is available. He's considered impetuous Kinmen and Matsu, everyone-man and and sometimes relies too much on the family Last year Taiwan's GNP totalled $14.4 woman, young and old, coming from the name, but he's his own man." billion. Its total foreign trade amounted north, south, east or west of China-and the Since his early entry into politics at age 22, to $11.25 billion. Of that amount, trade 21 million peace-loving overseas Chinese are Mitchell III has had a controversial career. with the United States came to $3.47 on our side and more determined than ever First in the State Assembly, now in the Sen­ billion. to unite and struggle forward. Every one of ate where he is deputy majority leader, his Last year, the world watched with us has transformed his sorrow into a mighty civil rights stands have followed his father's some apprehension to see what effect the force and has turned the cherished memory lead. He is considered a party faithful, though death of long-time President Chiang of our President into action. We are deter­ he has openly criticized Mandel, and seems to mined to carry out the late President's last be compatible with the rough-and-tumble of Kai-shek would have on the stability of testament. We shall continue our construc­ Maryland politics. the Government of the Republic of tion to make this bastion the cornerstone of Early in his political career he exposed a. China. Not surprising to those of us who our efforts to recover the mainland and bribe, an action that brought him general have watched the progression of Taiwan destroy the Peiptng regime, thus enabling respect. But he has been served with several for many years, the transition to a new you to enjoy freedom and happiness once indictments, accusing him of unpaid prop­ government was smooth and the leader­ again. erty taxes, failure to file income-tax returns ship under President Chiang Ching-kuo Under the leadership of our national and splitting a bribe. All were later dropped. has remained strong. The people of founding father, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the Kuo­ He is also the family manager of its sizable mintang overthrew the despotic imperial property holdings in the inner-city which Taiwan are more determined than ever system that had endured for several thou­ each election time brings renewed charges of to preserve their cherished freedom. sand years. President Chiang Kai-shek then "slum landlord" on the family. I would like to share with my col­ unified the country in the Eastern Expeai­ In 1967 Mitchell III ran unsuccessfully for leagues a speech made a few months ago tion, and the Northern Expedition. Dr. Sun Baltimore City Council president and years by President Chiang Ching-kuo and di­ and President Chiang had one sacred goal in later made an unsuccessful bid for the rected toward the Chinese living on the common: the establishment of a free inde­ Democratic primary in the mayor's race. mainland. This speech contains a good pendent, prosperous, strong and peaceful Here, some observers feel, the Mitchell deter­ capsule history of the Chinese people in nation. But: mination·to dominate hampered the drive to As we were struggling !or the success of elect a black mayor. recent times but it also shows what the the Northern Expedition, the Chinese Com­ Now a city councilman, Mitchell has a people of free China have to offer in munists launched an armed rebellion to dis­ dream. "We will always be involved in pol­ stark contrast to their compatriots living rupt the country, obstruct our march and itics," he says, "and I can see the day I run in the bondage of Communism. I belteve prevent the unification of China. for President ... my father going down that it further shows that the Republic As we were fighting against the Japanese in Druid Hill, knocking on doors and driving of China is strong and will remain that the War of Resistance, the Chinese Com­ people to the polls. And I would try to be the way, notwithstanding the propaganda munists collaborated with the enemy, at­ kind of decent, honest voice my father has contained in mainland Chinese news re­ tacked the government's forces and ob­ been. He says anything is possible." structed our war effort. They tried to prevent leases. the resurgence of China. The speech follows: As we began our postwar construction, KMT CHAIRMAN CHIANG'S MESSAGE TO COM­ the Chinese Communists enlarged their re­ FREE CHINA LIVES ON PATRIOTS ON THE MAINLAND! A CALL FOR bellion to Impede reconstruction. Their in­ A FREE, UNITED CHINA tention was to block national recovery and My dear compatriots on the mainland: reconstruction by the Chinese people. HON. JOHN B. CONLAN You have been living in darkness and agony Because of the Chinese Communists, our OF ARIZONA for 26 years. Almost all of you under 26 country has not known a single day of peace years of age have .been deprived of freedom and our society has not enjoyed a single IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and happiness by the Maoist regime from day of stability. In 1949, they occupied the Wednesday, February 4, 19'76 the moment you came into this world. You mainland and established a counterfeit live like the inmates of a prison or the regime. Our mainland compatriots have since Mr. CONLAN. Mr. Speaker, I have read slaves of a labor camp who were born there been deprieved of their freedom. Their lives a recent news release from Communist and are unaware of the existence of free­ have been filled with hardship and agony. China declaring that the Republic of dom and happiness. Your tears have run dry The Chinese Communists are consequently China regime on Taiwan was on the and your sweat has been squeezed to the the implacable enemy of every Chinese of verge of collapse and that the Commu­ last drop in these last 25 years. You have conscience and patriotism. nists were determined to "liberate" the been driven so hard as to cry out in dis­ This is not the sum total of the crimes tress: "We have neither money nor prop­ committed by the Chinese Communists. ·They people of Taiwan. The New China News erty," "we want work and food" and "we are guilty of countless others. Agency claimed that Taiwan has endured want a family reunion." Instead of improv­ During the War of Resistance Against 2 successive years of recession because ing your living, the Peiping regime has for­ Japan, they colluded with the enemy and of the economic crisis in the West and is bidden you to keep your stomachs full. In­ betrayed our government forces at the cost faced with internal and external diffcul­ stead of allowing you to cherish the hope of more than a million soldiers and people. ties. o! minimal freed01n, the regime has com­ During the War o! Resistance against This type of news release is typical of pelled you to step up the struggle "against various united front treacheries to confuse 2452 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1976 right with wrong; they undermined the gov­ ural disasters have reached the point of des­ 700 million on one side and the evn Mao on ernment and deceived the people with their peration. They are rising up in response to the other. If you do not speak out for the lies. As a result, many people have been led the resistance movement. Workers of the suppressed and exploited masses of workers, into misinterpreting and besmirching the Hangchow area have launched a "five stop" peasants and Intellectuals, then you, too, endeavors and sacrifices made by us Chinese movement--to stop work, production, water will be numbered among the suppressors and who sought the resurgence of the country. supply, electricity and communications. So exploiters who are resolutely opposed by the In the last more than 20 years, the Chinese the Peiping regime sent troops Into the fac­ people. It is up to you to make a choice. Communists have always said that evel·y­ tories to suppress the workers. Instead of The Kuomintang, the government of the thing belongs to the people and that they fading away, the movement has grown and Republic of China and the Chinese on the are doing everything for the people. Yet reached Canton, Wuhan and other cities. mainland and abroad are expecting you to the people on the mainland are stlll virtually Meanwhile, a throat-cutting struggle Is In join their ranks in national and self salva­ their slaves and have no freedom of com­ progress both overtly and covertly among tion. Your security or danger, fortune or mis­ merce, movement, study or choice of work groups of Communist cadres working in fortune, loyalty or betrayal, depend upon and no right to speak out or even not to pa.rty, administrative, military, cultural and your prompt decision. speak out. financial organizations from the central level Compatriots of the mainland: The Maoist While the Chinese Commtmists were en­ down to the provinces. All patriotic Chinese crisis of today is just as it was so tragically gaged in their conspiracy to communize know that the internal and external pres­ described by some of the Maoist chieftains: China, they undertook one rebelUon after sures and the universality of suffering are "A single matchstick can destroy ten thou­ another; they renounced their country and culminating In a general explosion as a sand acres of forest." As the Chairman of their people; and they "leaned to one side" result of Chinese Communist crimes. This the Kuomintang Central Committee, I wish toward Russia. Though they now seem to is the time for all Chinese to unite and rise to make these points clear to you: take a strong anti-Russian stance, leading to up !for the salvation of self and nation. We are concerned for every individual on tension between themselves and the Russian We Chinese living in the bastions of Tai­ the ma-inland and determined that he shall Communists, everyone remembers that they wan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu and over­ soon regain his freedom. called the Russians "big brothers" and the seas and the people on the mainland are We consider all awakened Maoist cadres Russian Communist party a "fatherly party;" blood brethren. Here one family in three has and servicemen who come over to us as our they could not have won their spurs with­ a TV set; one family in two has a refrigerator; anti-Communist comrades-in-arms. out the help of the Russian imperialists. there is an automobile for every 50 persons We have Kuomintang members, under­ Portraits of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin and a motorbike for every 10 persons. We are ground agents and comrades in every corner are stlll hung high In Pelplng's so-called brethren, but why cannot you enjoy the of the mainland, and in the arena of combat "People's Square." Is this not evidence that same standard of living as we do? We can­ against the Maoists, we are 1·eady to send the Chinese Communists are faithful fol­ not bear to see you denied the share of ra­ reinforcement by sea, provide air support lowers of the four Communist chieftains? tions you deserve after you have burned the and stage uprisings behind the enemy's lines. This shows that the conflict between the midnight oil. We cannot bear to see you We reiterate the Three Guarantees and Russian and Chinese Communists is merely accused of "individual practices" merely be­ Ten Pledges which the Director-General of an extension of the power stuggle of the cause you have grown a few vegetables. Es­ our party, the late President Chiang Kai­ Co1nintern. Both Russian and Chinese Com­ pecially, we cannot bear to see you work like shek, proclaimed to the people of the main­ munists are racing to carry out their world beasts of burden and stlll be denied the land. Our special radio stations and special conspiracies of "proletarian revolution." This ration coupons to add something a little forces will maintain contact with and sup­ baste nature of theirs has not changed and better to your diet. The government of the port the uprisings of various groups on the wlll never change. This Is Indeed an internal Republic of China has been in Taiwan for mainland. struggle between the Russian and Chinese the same 26 years that Maoists have been As you are aware, there can be no further Communists, but it will inevitably lead to on the mainland. A comparison of the con­ delay or· hesitation in our actions of national the collapse of the Communist camp as a ditions in Taiwan with those on the main­ and self salvation. We are confident that the whole. Bearing this conspiracy in mind, we land shows who stands for the aspirations people of the mainland will join the ranks of can realize that no matter what it may do, and Interests of the Chinese people--the gov­ the anti-Communist peasants, workers and the regime cannot cover up Its crime of sell­ ernment of the Republic of China or the soldiers, thus consolidating the piecemeal ing out our country and our people. Maoist regime? movement of uprisings into one great anti­ Because the Chinese Communists are de­ Thirty years ago, our mainland com­ COmmunist alliance of action. The small termined to sell out our country and peo­ patriots sacrificed their lives and. their wealth combat forces will be transformed into one ple, they must first destroy Chinese culture. in the War of Resistance Against Japan for huge striking force. We expect the mainland The purpose of "destroying the old and es­ the recovery of Taiwan and the rescue of people to unite with their brethren in Tai­ tablishing the new" is to do away with Chin­ the people here from Japanese mllitarlst rule. wan, Penghu, Kimen, Matsu and overseas ese culture and replace It with Communist During these last 26 years the Kuomintang and direct all their spearheads at the Maoists. culture developed from the theories of Marx, and the government have overcome many Compatriots of the mainland, let us rise Engels, Lenin and Stalin. The Chinese Com­ difilculties and hardships in carrying out our up together! Now! munists seek to extinguish the thought of revolutionary tasks in the bastion of Taiwan. APPENDIX the Chinese people with the thought of Mao our aim has been to preserve our national The Three Guarantees: Tse-tung, the illicit heir to Marx and Lenin. existence and engage in construction to de- 1. That those officers and enlisted men The Chinese Communists are consequently velop our bastion, recover the mainland and who will defect from the Chinese Communist not Chinese. They are false Chinese who try liberate our compatriots there from the yoke forces shall be accorded the same treatment to destroy the real Chinese by pretending to and persecution of the Maoist Communists. as that for members of our armed forces and be Chinese. Compatriots of the mainland: All of your shall be placed on the same basis of re­ Mainland compatriots: For 26 years, the distress is attributable to a handful of people muneration and reward in accordance with culture of China and the lifeline of the led by the outrageously evil Mao Tse-tung. their position and merits. Chinese people have been subjected to the In fighting for your existence and livelihood, 2. That all political and civic organizations destructive trampling Oif the Chinese Com- , you must no longer be controlled by the which will have joined the Government in munist. Your suffering from Communist op­ wicked thoughts of a handful of people; you anti-Communist activities, the Chinese Com­ pression and exploitation is increasing day should no longer allow yourselves to be munist Party excepted, shall enjoy equal and by day. Who can endure such suffering end­ plunged into struggles to suit the purposes lawful status regardless of their previous lessly? This explains why uprisings and rev­ of a handful of the powerhungry. Maoist political stand; they shall have the oppor­ olutionary undertaking against despotism cadres and servicemen: The people's upris- tunity under the Constitution and the prin­ ing on the mainland is now developing and . f 'f have never ceased on the mainland. So the attaining wide sweep. Ma~ Tse-tung and a c1p 1e o air competition to contribute their Chinese Communists are compelled to con­ effort towards the reconstruction of a new tinue their "rectification" campaigns, "anti­ few people around him are making their last- China of the people, by the people, and for rightest" movements and struggles "between ditch struggle. What have you gained from the people. the two lines." Now they have stepped up their battle for personal power and interest? 3. That those who have joined the Chinese their repression and exploitation under the You were "sent-down," driven to engage in Communist organizations and served under the "criticize Lin Piao and Confucius" move- the Peiping regime, except the few hardcore pretense of "strengthening the proletarian ment and then dispatched to suppress leaders, shall be pardoned and their life and rule" and "restricting the legal rights of "counterrevolution." Today you are their property protected on condition that they the bourgeoisie." Despite these relentless cadres and officers and men. Tomorrow you pledge to work for the anti-Communist measures, the uprisings never come to an may be branded as being "anti-party" and cause; the Government shall pursue a gen­ end. The resistance to repression and ex­ "counterrevolutionary" and be sacrificed in · eral policy of leniency towards all perfunc­ ploitation on the part of workers, peasants, the power struggle between veteran and new tory followers of Communism and towards intellectuals, sent-down youths and rehabil­ cadres. You should no longer place your- their past records of collaboration with the itated officers and soldiers in various prov­ selves at Mao's service and should stop sup- Communist Party. inces is now spreading far and wide. Peas­ pressing the people and aggravating their The Ten Pledges: ants who first suffered from deprivation of suffering. In fact, the Chinese people can 1. The tyrannical "people's commune:· de- their summer harvests and then from nat- be divided into just two groups, with the vised by the Communists for the sole pur- February 4, t-976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2453 pose of enslavement an.d oppression of the Mr. Speaker, a fellow participant who themselves in agreement with the thrust of people, shall be abolisl1ed and the free life of is a director of the Upper Darby School the Act--it should be realized that the nec­ the people restored. Board, Mr. Harry D. McHorney, summed essary additional funds to support the man­ 2. Everyone shall be allowed tp retain the date has not been forthcoming from the land he tills. up his assessment of the complex Fed­ state. The burden . to fund the program fell 3. Everyone shall have food, clothing and eral-State-local educational interface to the local districts. Boards as might be daily necessities free of control. with the foliowing report. I know that my expected passed on to the taxpayers what 4. Everyone shall be free to choose the kind colleagues will benefit from this insight­ could not be squeezed out of already hard­ of occupation one prefers and enjoy the ful and informative offering entitled pressed budgets. Coming as it did on the fruits of one's honest labor without inter­ "Federal Participation In Education." heels of gasoline shortages and inflated fuel ference from the government. The report follows: prices, some districts found themselves with 5. According to the provisions of the Con­ doubled transportation costs. Needless to stitution, the people shall have full freedom FEDERAL PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION say, this kind of outside economic pressure of religion, academic study, assembly, asso­ (By Harry D. McHorney) has an effect on board consideration and ciation, residence and movement. Regardless The mechanics of Federal aid to educa­ funding of local innovative programs. Here of their political stand In the past, all polit­ tion are complex, often elusive and not is a value comparison. The Upper Darby ical groups or civilian organizations that clearly understood by many, in terms Of School Districts budgeted pupil transporta­ now take part In the anti-Communist task application at. the local school level. It is tion cost for the 75/76 school year are shall be able to enjoy equality and legitimate often suggested that this complexity re­ $583,609. The budgeted amount of federal rights and interests within the constitutional quires that school boards of necessity should aid is $403,000. Many times school boards framework. hire specialists to insure that their students have become battle grounds, of social wel­ 6. Class discrimination and revenge for receive a fair share in this resource. In actual fare, equalization of opportunity, integrated personal feud shall be strictly prohibited. practice such aid is usually sought by some busing, etc. High moral standards and law and order shall member of the administrative staff who ac­ In the wake of the broadening scope of be restored. quires that duty in addition to many others educational programs there came also an 7. Any member o! the Communist army, as well. They in turn may find themselves increasing appreciation of the intrinsic value navy or air force who participates in an up­ pressed for action by economically anxious of quality education to the community and rising against the Communist regime, or re­ school boards, teachers and occasionally to the national society. The launch of the sponds to the national forces' counter-offen­ parents. Russian Sputnik in 1957 was an event that sive by coming over with his military equip­ The amount, quality and nature of this jarred the United States out of whatever ment and appurtenances, shall be generously help is certainly shaped in good measure by complacent attitude it had toward education rewarded according to his merits, and shall local and then national attitudes toward and acted as a powerful stimulant to improve receive the same treatment as the govern­ education. These attitudes are the product of schools, if on no other basis than national ment troops. the history of community educational ex­ defense. Federal assistance was needed to 8. Any one who can lead a platoon, com­ perience, goals, and needs. implement the national goals being set for pany, battalion, regiment, division or army There are basically three sources from schools. to fight against the Communists shall be as­ which public schools now receive funds for Federal involvement in elementary and signed as the commanding officer of his unit. educational needs. (1) local district sources­ secondary education in the main become He shall receive due promotion and shall be primarily from property taxes (2) from the assistance for specific types of social educa­ named the administrative chief of the area State-via per pupil reimbursement factors tional needs rather than general aid. The he has recovered for the Government. and (3) the Federal Government. majority of federal funding to local dis­ 9. Any Communist officer or serviceman How has It come about that the Federal tricts is for compensatory educational pro­ who provides cover for anti-Communist ac­ government has an involvement in educa­ grams for children from disadvantaged tivities shall be given protection for his life tion? To the present, federal government has homes. Other significant aid goes to voca­ and property, a responsible position, and a not played a large share in school operations tional, handicapped, school libraries and generous reward in accordance with his con­ or funding. The United States Constitution text books, guidance, remedial reading and tributions. makes no mention of education. Thus edu­ school lunch programs. lO. All cadres of the Communist Party and cation has been deemed a state responsi­ During all of this public schools have be­ Youth Corps who have participated under bility. The State of Pennsylvania relegates come a vital major national industry. They cover or who now participate in the great this responsibility and authority for public are providing an education for living to over task of anti-Communist revolution shall be and elementary and secondary education to 45 million children, they employ 3.7 million considered citizens of the Republic of China local school boards established within certain full time personnel and account for nearly and participants In the national revolution. political boundaries and under the director­ 31% of all public employees. Their past shall not be questioned or held ship of local citizen boards. The directors A measure of the importance that educa­ against them and their life, property and serve the community Without pay. The indi­ tion assumes in public attitude can be found family members shall be protected. vidual board members are legally state om­ in the "Seventh Annual Gallop Poll of Public cera and it becomes their responsibility to Attitudes Toward Education." This is a con­ raise the major portion of the revenue nec­ tinuing survey which each year asks ques­ essary to run local public schools. tions related to emerging problems con­ FEDERAL PARTICIPATION IN The depression had a profound effect on fronting public schools and also continues to the ability to raise funds for schools from ask questions from earlier surveys in order EDUCATION local resources. In 1930, 82% of school reve­ to measure trends. Four groups are sampled: nue state wide came from local sources. parents with children attending public During the depression taxes became unpay­ schools, parents with children attending HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR able and districts had to look outward to non-public schools, adults with no children OF PENNSYLVANIA the state for help. By 1940 the average level in either, and the total public sampled. On of state wide subsidies had risen to 29 % federal aid, the poll asks for a priority rat­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and by 1950 to 40%. ing of 12 national needs in terms of pref­ Wednesday, Feb1·uary 4, 1976 All districts did not participate uniformly erence for receiving funds when and if in this help as local reimbursement was they become available-a 1st choice, 2nd Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, educators made based on factors of need and measures choice, and third choice. The combined from my congressional district met on of community amuence. Currently Upper choices put public school education second Saturday, January 31, to participate in Darby School District obtains 21.3 % of its to health care. an issues breakfast held in Springfield, funds from the State. Locally, our own congressman, Bob Edgar, Pa. The Federal role in education was the The necessity to look outward for assist­ polled constituents relative to their priorities principle topic, and my participation ance for public schools has also brought with for the federal budget fiscal year 1976. The it an increasing awareness that outside in­ survey indicated tha.t 5 cents out of each allowed me a much more refined perspec­ fluence did in fact generate some local re­ federal budget dollar went to education and tive of the financial crisis experienced by quirements not within the power of the local manpower and asked for a preference for in­ our local school districts. management to reject and in quite a few crease, decrease, or holding the same amount. During this breakfast, I became better instances in which they had no input. Di­ 33 % favored an increase, 27 % a decrease, and acquainted with many fine men and rectors as state officers are legally empowered 38% said it should be kept the same. It is by the state legislature by enactment of law Congressman Edgar's question so it's inter­ women who have the important respon­ pretation must be his. My prejudice would sibility of educating our youngsters. They signed by the Governor, and find themselves allow me to assume that the poll results do have been successful in sensitizing me to mandated to carry out specific educational not indicate that anyone asked that the fed­ the critical need for legislation at the programs without any accompanying increase eral government rescind funds to education, in state funding to do so. A specific example therefore there is a 100% commitment to Federal level for the purpose of provid­ of this was Act 372 requiring busing of non federal aid to education in Delaware County. ing both sufficient funding and program public school children. Without argu1nent, Any discussion of federal aid must eventu­ flexibility at the local level. most school directors and boards found ally, as hinted above, refer to the President's 2454 EXTENSIONS OF ~MARKS February 4, 1976 rec~nt veto of the Educa.tion Appropria.tlon to someone else. On the other hand, I have Ford, which he apparently has, but ade­ Blll, which Congress has overridden-in the tried to make a careful examination of what quate support from Congress, which he does House 879 to 41-ln the Senate 88 to 12, and federal participation should mean to the not have, and continued high poll marks from which a.ppropria.tions the President has education of Upper Darby School District from the public, which he likely will con­ recently asked Congress to rescin<11.3 bmton Children. What I have seen, I feel is good. tinue to have. dollars. This event focuses on the basic argu­ Funds are being properly used, goals are de­ Yet.: in- this election year, attacks on ments pro and con of the national commit­ fined and the programs appear to work and Kissinger will likely increase. Foreign policy, ment to education. The veto message stated reach the children. I also feel that this kind and Kissinger as the epitome of it, will be that education is pumping Inflation and that of help is filling a vacuum that local districts a prime target of criticism from Reagan and added aid would create inflation and an ad­ do not properly address themselves to. They Wallace on the right and the liberal Demo­ ditional tax burden. Congressional contra often can not! Up close practicalities shrink crats on the left. argument showed that educational appro­ long range considerations. Attention to the Kissin~er fits his role as Secretary of State priations were $880 mllllon less than spent Individual and his rights gets pushed aside better than anyone else could. the previous year and that the blll was a In the clank and hustle of doing each day's He came into the administration seven 3.6% increase over fiscal year 1975 and is not business as it comes. years ago With a more profound knowledge inflationary In terms of percentage rises as­ My personal persuasion as a citizen tells of the geopolitics of the world than any sociated With inflation. me that if education is a big part of govern­ predecessor. And he has grown on the job. The President's recindlng request included ment activity, it is rightly so. What could be His knowledge, intelligence, extraordinary a cutting of the funds of impact aid to wiser for a nation than an investment In the capacity for work, negotiating skllls, and school districts with category "B" children. knowledge of Its citizens? Tell me, what articulateness are just what have been A category "B" child is one whose parents other government activity better advances needed, and are stlll needed. live or work on federal property. This fund­ the common good? He is highly creative and ingenious. His ing was established under Public Law #874. grasp of complex issues, tough-mindedness Approximately 25% of the aid Upper Darby capab111ty to bargain hard and, when neces­ received came from this source. A similar sary, to match cunning, craftiness, and loss in 73/74 was the prime contribution to KISSINGER AND HIS CRITICS shrewdness are invaluable attributes as the boosting the taxpayers budget share that leading diplomat of our superpower nation year. There has always been a question as to 1n this challenging world. the suitability of this type of aid In lieu Although his relations wtth some members of specific program aid, and the reliance that HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO of Congress are presently poor, he has gen­ districts should place on tts continuance. OF CALIFORNIA erally been more Willing to brief and work Nevertheless districts do rely on this assist­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with Congress than most of his predecessors. ance and until Increases are available in And he has given more press conferences other areas, they Will continue to do so. I Wednesday. February 4. 1976 and speeches than any comparable public should also point out that the major portion Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I figure-explaining and educating the Ameri­ of qualified Upper Darby parents for this aid would like to bring to the attention of my can public on the complexities of problems work at the Navy Yard-and we know what colleagues the following article "Kissin­ abroad and the reasoning behind U.S. for­ kind of questions that raises. We will prob­ eign policies. ably lose our entitlement as area federal pay­ ger and His Critics" written by my con­ Of course, Kissinger has his faults and rolls dwindle. stituent, Henry Huglin of Santa Barbara, has made mistakes. But most people with Another negative applied to federal aid Calif. I am sure there are some of my very strong positive attributes have some programs is that they are the responsibility colleagues who will agree with Mr. Hug­ compensatory weaknesses; and Kissinger has of the States and local jurisdictions and not lin. his share, sometimes including deviousness the federal governments. A comic statement The article follows: and arrogance. · often heard today-usually delivered in KISSINGER AND HIS CRITICS But he has gained more respect abroad Puerto Rican dialect, Is, "it's not my job". from both our adversaries and friends than If this reflects the summation of the Fed­ (By Henry Huglin) any other person in his_ position. And he eral Government's attitude about education, Henry Kissinger is under mounting at­ has brought great credit on this country. then we are in trouble. It is too simplistic. tack by politicians, publlcists, and extrem• Consequently, he is one of the persons most our society and its responsib111ties are so ists of the right and left, and some people admired throughout the world. intertwined that they can not be divided in between. President Ford's unwise firing of Defense into neat little packages, Independent and But, if Kissinger were to leave office thiS Secretary Schlesinger sent shock waves isolated. To me, education is clearly every­ year, our country would be much hurt and through some of our allies and must have body's job. the rest of the world, outside the Soviets' or­ delighted the Kremlin. Kissinger's departure Certainly the more than 400 aid programs bit, would also suffer. under fire would have far greater conse­ require continuing review, evaluation and Increasing numbers of Senators and Con­ quences for us abroad. perhaps consolidation with an assignment gressmen are after Kissinger in pique over And there is simply no one available who of priorities for funding. This is the only his prominence, or over perceived errors and has the grasp Kissinger has of the interna­ realistic manner in which to determine the alleged dissembling to them, or from their tional scene who could effectively take his accuracy of the accusations that many of excessive zeal over Congress' role in foreign place now. Of course, no person is irreplace­ the programs fall to focus effectively on the affairs. able; but time and manner of replacement persons in need of assistance and that some Many publicists are after him because of can be vitally important. are not justifiable even on programmatical his long exposure in the spotlight and the We can't expect any of our public servants grounds. common practice of sniping at leaders who to be perfect. So, we ought to keep Kis­ The argument for continued and increased have been in power for years. singer's drawbacks and mistakes-which are aid is somewhat a reaction to the pressures Conservatives are after him for what they over-emphasized by his critics--in sensible we are all feeling with regard to our own consider excessive concessions to the Soviets perspective with his great talents and re­ individual abllity to "hack It" under eco­ in the name of an illusory detente. Liberals markable achievements. nomic conditions that seem to be ready to are outraged over his part in the CIA's co­ We ought to be glad we've got Kissinger. overwhelm us. The pressures of inflation vert operations abroad and for his aiding the Irrespective of his faults, he is still the best and recession are causing grave difficulties In FBI in the wiretapping of his associates' thing we have going for us just now in trying to maintain the previous year's ex­ phones to try to track down the source of playing our crucial role t•f a superpower in penditures, which was not a good one. Local security leaks. a still greatly troubled and potentially dan­ school boards are losing ground in their at­ Many of these critics are frustrated over gerous world. tempt to provide for increasing mandates the intractability of the world's problems Criticize Kissinger when he deserves it, from outside agencies or groups. and-in an isolationist, ivory-tower, or yes. But hound him out of ofllce, no. School boards are hard pressed to keep 'Wishful thinking way-try to rationalize up with the inflationary spiral in staff sala­ away both the problems and our necessary ries. This is where 70% of our budget money activist superpower role. They judge Kissin­ goes. There is a financial crisis brought about ger on lofty moralistic or simplistic stand­ THAT \VE MAY ENDURE by the energy shortage and increased :fuel ards. They don't recognize that diplomacy costs. is an "art of the possible" which often re­ If I am asked as an individual school quires flexibility, expediency, and Machiavel­ board member, would you like to see federal lian-like tactics. These critics also don't HON. JAMES R. MANN aid to education increase? I would say, em­ acknowledge the power politics, greeds, ego­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA tisms, and animosities With which diplo­ phatically, Yes! I would like to think that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this is a vote free of the fiscal anxiety :fac­ mats must deal; hence, they vent their frus­ ing me as a board member with taxing re­ trations in attacks on Kissinger. Wednesday, February 4. 1976 sponsibilities. How to raise money is a big For our country's good-in projecting an problem :for anyone. I would not find com­ image o:f stability and cont1nu1ty-Kissinger Mr. MANN. Mr. Speaker, Furman fort in solutions that push the problem on needs not only the fl.lll backing of President University, the oldest Baptist college 1n February 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2455 the SoUth, is celebrating its sesquicen­ In further celebration of our sesquicen­ valiantly in a broken and poverty stricken tennial year. For 150 years, it has trained tennial, Furman will bring to this campus a South to restore the university. wol'ld authority on Shakespeare, Dr. Stanley Professor Reid's history tells of that mag­ leaders both for South Carolina and the Wells, director of The Shakespeare Institute nificent struggle and of Furman's survival Nation. In a recent address, Furman's at Stratford-upon-Avon, England. And, Fur­ through other wars, the great depression of distinguished president, Dr. Gordon Wil­ man will observe our nation's bicentennial the 1930's, ideological clashes, threats to liams Blackwell, not only traced the his­ when the South Carolina Historical Society academic freedom, student confrontations tory of the college from its founding to and the American Revolution Bicentennial and shifting attitudes in public opinion con­ its present prominence as a strong and Commission sponsor on this campus two cerning higher education. Upon its publica­ distinctive liberal arts college, but also lectures by noted authorities on South Caro­ tion next spring, you should read this re­ stated well the case for the independent lina's part in the Revolution. There will be markable story of a small Baptist institu­ other exciting academic features. tion's growth from regional obscurity to the liberal arts college in the educational The 150-year Furman story will be told in respected institution we know today which pattern of the United States of today. I a new 18-minute film to be shown first to draws students from 35 states and a number am proud to represent this excellent uni­ the South Carolina Baptist Convention of foreign countries and which is counted versity as part of South Carolina's which meets in Greenville this fall. The film among the 214 colleges and universities in Fourth District, and congratulate fac­ was financed by the children of long-time this nation that have qualified for the Phi ulty, alumni, student body, and all who Furman leader Reuben Pitts, in memory of Beta Kappa distinction since the scholastic have contributed to Furman's fine rec­ Mrs. Pitts. And the Furman story will be honor society was founded 1n 1776. ord of achievement. Mr. Speaker, I com­ told most eloquently and completely when Take a look at the little white board house The Duke University Press publishes next near the Bell Tower peninsula at the Furman mend for the reading of my colleagues spring a new history of Furman by Alfred lake. That was Furman University in 1851. Dr. Blackwell's address: Sandlin Reid, Bennette E. Geer Professor of Compare it to this present campus and ask THAT WE MAY ENDURE Literature at Furman. Professor Reid's splen­ yourself whether you owe anybody in the Honored guests, distinguished faculty, did volume is an account of Furman's strug­ past anything. members of the Furman community, and gle to achieve prominence as a Baptist In the last decade alone, Furman's assets classes of 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979: liberal arts college among American institu­ have increased from $27.8 million to just over In 1949 the great Southern novelist, Wil­ tions of higher education. With refreshing $57 million, the number of employes has dou­ liam Faulkner, accepted the Nobel prize for candor, Professor Reid narrates the foibles bled, the student body is up from 1,500 to literature with this response: and controversies as well as the vision, cour­ 2,300, and endowment has increased from a "A writer's duty 1s to help man endure by age and risks of the men and women who cost of $6.5 million to $16 million, actually a reminding him of the courage and honor shaped Furman's history through 1975. current market value of $21 million. The and hope and pride and compassion and pity Publication was made possible by a grant physical assets we enjoy today represent a and sacrifice which have been the glory of from Furman alumnus J. Boone Aiken of cost investment of $33.5 million. This is a the past." Florence. solvent, vital teaching facility. I would apply Faulkner's criteria to my op­ As we observe the significant anniversaries I would encourage you to think of your portunity as speaker this morning as we of the founding of this college and our na­ time at Furman as part of this century-and­ inaugurate for our college community the tion, I would call attention to the link be­ a-half enterprise, to think of yourselves as year of celebration of Furman University's tween Furman history and American history. heirs of a people of vision who built in the sesquicentennial and our nation's bicen­ Furman, like other colleges established by face of great difficulties and sustained this tennial. Christian communities in the new republic, school despite the odds. Those who built I shall try to remid you of your heritage was founded by men who understood that Furman, like those who built this nation, as sons and daughters of Furman and, for education is the great stabillzer of the dem­ recognized that moral progress is not an in­ most of you, of your heritage as citizens of ocratic process; that a democratic system dividual matter; that as we live today we the United States of America. For it is an cannot survive without a liberally educated carve a path for tomorrow. epic year in the history of this college and electorate; and that education in a Christian The late Harry Golden, that genial scourge this nation, and a year of remembering with context offers a desperately needed added di­ of bigotry and character witness for Amer­ gratitude that what we have today is ours mension to higher education. ica, writing from Charlotte in the Carolina because of the struggle and sacrifice of previ­ In early America, Christian ministers were Israelite, believed the civilization which per­ ous generations. among the better educated, indeed among petuates itself is the civilization which lives Plans for Furman's sesquicentennial have the few educated professionals in the land. for tomorrow. He wrote: been under way for four years under the di­ Therefore they had tremendous influence in "The stern Pilgrims who landed on the rection of Joe King as chairman of a special every area of community life. One such New England coast found it nothing but rock committee. It will be a memorable year with Christian pastor was Richard Furman, a ledge yet made from it a garden-for tomor­ thousands of visitors attending special con­ Baptist who battled ignorance all his life row. The Englishmen and the Scots who certs, lectures, colloquia, exhibits and dra­ and became a leading figure in this state and came into ... Carolina with an ax and a matic presentations. nation. It was his influence among South rifle also lived !or tomorrow. The courthouses At least ten regional academic societies Carolina Baptists that led to the founding they built are filled with the land deeds they will meet on our campus this year, and Fur­ of the Furman Academy and Theological In­ signed with an 'X.' But the children of these man has been selected to host The Newco­ stitution at Edgefield in 1826. That early people were among the first professors in the men Society in North America, an organiza­ school for general and theological education land-grant universities built for still another tion of business and professional leaders was the forerunner of the Furman University tomorrow." whose purpose is to preserve the material that opened in Greenville in 1851. The people who transformed a wilderness history of the United States and Canada. It Richard Furman had been an ardent pa­ into the highest and most humane civili­ will be my privilege to address this group triot and advocate of freedom from British zations yet struggle toward their founding on the history, purpose and accomplish­ rule. In 1780 Lord Cornwallls put a price on ideals. I agree with Thomas Wolfe when he ments of Furman University and the part it his head and Furman fled the state. Even­ wrote: has played in American higher education. tually he returned to South Carolina to lead "I think the true discovery of America is This fall Furman will dedicate the $2.5 Baptists in organizing the Baptist state con­ before us. I think the true fulfillment of million Homozel Mickel Daniel Music Build­ vention and the first national organization of our spirit, of our people, of our mighty and ing; rededicate a marker at Edgefield, South Baptists in America. Furman died before the immortal la.nd, is yet to come." Carolina, the site of the original Furman institution bearing his name opened its Despite pockets of resistance, in this coun­ Academy and Theological Institution; and doors, but his spirit lived on in what is the try we have significantly diminishhed social place historic markers at sites of the former oldest Southern Baptist college in America. differences based on race, religion or section. men's campus and former women's campus The institution suffered several major Despite myriad social, political and economic in Greenville. During Alumni Weekend this changes to endure through three-fourths of problems, achievement of the individual is year Furman will hold Open House for our country's history. possible and continues to be part of the Greenville area citizens, and the Furman In 1859, thirty-three years after the school American ethic. Despite disparity between Oratorio Chorus and Orchestra will perform took its first students, James C. Furman, a rich and poor, the powerful and the dispos­ the premiere of a work Furman commis­ son of Richard Furman, became the first sessed, America outranks every country in sioned for our sesquicentennial by eminent president of Furman University after many years as senior professor and faculty chair­ the world by offering the prerequisites, such American composer Howard Hanson. man. James C. Furman, who lived in the as education, to achieve the highest positions Furman students are planning their own beautiful colonial house one can see today in society. It is entirely possible that a fu­ version of a Furman birthday party in a behind Stone Manufacturing Company, saw ture American president sits in this audi­ Founders Day observance on January 14. It students leave classrooms in 1861 to fight in torium today. I know anything about the enthusiasm and that terrible war between brothers. The This nation and this college will yet face imagination of Furman students, I can school was forced to close its doors. In 1866 crises. No nation and no institution Ls free promise that will be a great event. James C. Furman worked desperately and from stresses, strains, tensions and conflict. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1976 But we have a ma.gnlflcent opportunity to and she is stlll my girl . . • was so miles social sk111s, and a phfiosophy of llfe that continue to build updn the courage and hon­ away in Spartanburg. I hitchhiked rides back enbraces personal integrity. By working to­ or and hope and prlde and compassion and and forth to Spartanburg so often that I gether we can make Furman's 150th a great pity and sacrlflce of the past. truly earned the reputation as a "roads year. Progress Is not inevitable. Again and again scholar." history shows gains and losses of eras gone Little did I know in those years that I by. No sooner had the Mayflower crew sur­ would someday stand in the Furman Uni­ vived the calamities of the ocean and the versity chief executive's shoes, facing the INCOME OF NEW YORK'S PUERTO new land than did the community begin to challenges and sometimes the threats of RICANS DECLINES DURING LAS'r persecute those who failed to follow rigid other young, impassioned minds. Every gen­ 10 YEARS religious tenets. In the early days of this eration of 18-year-olds has thought to pos­ century it was believed science and tech­ sess the torch of pure truth. The issues may nology would cure all Uls. Yet one of the be different but the intellectual and emo­ HON. HERMAN BADILLO greatest periods of optimism Western civil­ tional fervor are the same. I do understand. ization has ever know was followed by two Things change and yet in a way remain OF NEW YORK world wars, continuing global conflict, and the same. During my student days we were IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES frustrating, unsolved social problems. mightily concerned With having to work too Wednesday, February 4, 1976 Yes, progress Is not inevitable. If it comes hard to meet the expectations of the faculty. at all, it is slow and painful, always at per­ We quarreled about required courses we Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, at my re­ sonal sacrifice and Willingness to work for would have preferred to avoid. We resented quest, the mid-Atlantic region of the the benefit of a future people. Let us not be required chapel worship three times a week. Department of Labor undertook, for the discouraged that the way 1s hard. H. G. Wells We found it extremely difficult to decide first time, a study of the socioeconomic looked upon modern problems and said: upon a major, and we worried about career "Out of the trouble and tragedy of this choice in a hopelessly depressed job market. makeup of New York's Puerto Rican present time there may emerge a moral and We felt inadequate in social life and we had community. The study showed that while intellectual revival, of a simplicity and scope very little spending money. In four years at the job profile of Puerto Ricans improved to draw together men of alien races and now Furman I had my father's car only one week­ between 1960 and 1970, gains in family discrete traditions into one common and end. Of course, in those days, that made income failed to keep pace with non­ sustained way of living for the world's serv­ me BMC-Big Man on Campus-for three ·Puerto Rican family income in the city. ice. • • • There is a social consciousness at whole days! In issuing the report, Herbert Bienstock, work in our minds and hearts that wlll yet Many of us had violent concern for or deliver. • •• In spite of much occasion for against intercollegiate athletics. We were Regional Commissioner of the Bureau of pessimlsm today, there is occasion for greater convinced that the old mossbacks in the ad­ Labor Statistics, pointed up one of the optimism than man ever before had." ministration were reactionaries with ice wa­ major shortcomings of the study-that One immediate reason for optimism is the ter in their veins. We called the president it was based mainly on 1970 census data, young faces I see in this auditorium today, "cueball," the business manager "marble the most recent available-and the im­ for Furman students represent the great in­ top," and the dean "bean head." Is any of mediate need for developing an ongoing tellectual and moral talent our Nation needs. this famlllar to you? data base for the Puerto Rican labor As Furman seeks to prepare each of you for This Is not to say that you or I are to be force in New York. This is a study that place of leadership in society, we are making unconcerned about significant current issues an investment in the most dependable re­ at Furman. Through the cooperation of stu­ should have been done long ago, and the source there is--a thinking, morally aware dents, faculty_ and administration, through state of things in New York now is much human being. continuing dialogue, through institutional worse than it was 5 years ago. But the Professor Reid's history impressed me anew self-study and continual planning, we hope report does, at last, put together what with the value of historical perspective as we to relieve undesirable conditions, certainly information we do have about our Puerto work or study in a place like Furman. Stu­ to adapt to new needs and new conditions. Rican population, and serves a valuable dents come and go within 4 years, sometimes But let me remind you that truth is elusive function for that reason a.lone. The less, sometimes more. Faculty and sta.tr have ·and that all gains can be lost through fool­ major findings of the report are: somewhat longer tenure, but they come and ish motion, through hasty decision or go as well. And presidents come and go. But through vacillating attitudes. Decisions In 1970, 45 percent of Puerto Rican the institution remains, and only In its con• must be made for the long haul with de­ workers residing in New York City were tinuity can one come to a full appreciation pendable data rather than upon faddish employed in white-collar and skilled of it. movements or temporary emotional appeal. blue-collar jobs as compared with only There is a story or two that may now be There are committees composed of stu­ 27 percent in 1960. The proportion em­ safe to tell as I anticipate retirement a.t the dents, faculty members, and administrators ployed as unskilled laborers dropped end of this academic year. You might call it to study concerns about the academic regi­ sharply from 73 percent in 1960 to 55 "The Making of a President Who Remembers men and student rights. Matters such as the Harrowing Experience of Idealistic Withdrawal from courses, the pass/fall op­ percent in 1970. Despite these notable Youth." tion, the grading standards, social regula· improvements, Puerto Ricans were typi­ My personal perspective on Furman goes tlons, and the cultural life program will be cally found in lower paying and lower back to the early 1920's when my dad, a scrutinized continually with the desire to status jobs as compared with other New Baptist· pastor, would bring me to the ease rough spots without diminishing the Yorkers. Thanksgiving football games between Fur­ quality of the educational product you are Despite improvements in the types of man and Clemson. In those days Furman buying at today's very high price. Attention jobs held, over-the-decade family income won more than our share of the games. wm be given to the student judicial system gains for Puerto Ricans-up 46 percent­ Ten years later I became a student at and publications board and probably to is­ Furman. My family struggled to pay tui­ sues yet to be raised as we begin Furman's lagged behind other New Yorkers-up tion, room, and board at $500. Jobs were 150th year. 59 percent-resulting in a widening in­ scarce. People who had never had to accept In your years at Furman, as you strive to come gap between them. Family income charity were standing in soup lines. It was sort out the various bod'les of thought, con­ for Puerto Ricans was 63 percent of the an age of despair. flicting opinions, and clash of ideas, I urge citywide median in 1959, and 58 percent I was the young radical editor of the Echo, you to consider the complete and indivisible in 1969. advocating such way-out ideas for the cam­ nature of all knowledge and that In truth The proportion of working-age Puerto pus and the national economy that a uni­ there is God. I urge you not to trade off his­ Ricans in the labor force-working or versity trustee called me into his office to ex­ tory and philosophy and scientific discovery for astrology and parapsychology and es­ looking for work-fell between 1960 and plain myself. On another occasion the college 1970. By 1970, less than half of working­ president called me in to inquire about cer­ capist mysticism. These are the slum areas of human thought and endeavor, and you age Puerto Ricans residing in New York tain social occasions being sponsored in the are capable of more than that. You have City were in the labor force as compared community by Furman alumni. President been given exceptional minds, and you have with about three-fifths of the total pop­ McGlothlin said those occasions looked very a sacred obligation to use them construc­ ulation. Labor force participation rates much like student fraternity dances and they tively and creatively in human affairs. were. At that time dancing was a no-no. for women, aged 14 and over, fell sharply And so to the Furman classes of 1976, 1977, 38 1960 to 27 Incidentally, it was not until 1969 that Fur­ 1978 and 1979, may you endure as America from percent in percent man trustees approved dancing on the cam­ and Furman University will endure, and may in 1970. This was in contrast to the pat­ pus. you graduate from this place with a greatly tern for all New York City women, 40 During my four studenj; years at Furman deepened understanding of major issues fac­ percent of whom were in the labor force I made the somewhat unenviable record of ing America and the world, a more accurate in 1960, and 41 percent in 1970. The rate spending only one complete weekend on cam· view of yourselves and your particular heri­ for Puerto Rican males dropped sharply pus. There was a reason. My girl, Lib . . • tage, a more mature religious faith, improved from 79 percent in 1960 to 66 percent February 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2457 in 1970, as compared with a citywide other residents of the city. They are un­ guide to governmental policy at both the decline from 79 to 71 percent. familiar with the city's institutions, cus­ national and local level. A rough balance has. been established in A sharp drop in labor force participa­ toms-and certainly lack a :fluency in the flow of Puerto Ricans to and from New tion was experienced by Puerto Rican the English language. It is clear that in­ York; but this seeming equll1brium disguises teenagers. In 1960, Puerto Rican males come tends to increase with the length what Mr. Badillo believes 1s the reality that aged 14 to 19, were more likely to be in of residence and the years of school com­ many who have acquired professional degrees the labor force than other young New pleted. However those increases are not and technical skills are in the homebound Yorkers. By 1970, the participation rate as great as with other New Yorkers. tide while the bulk of those arriving are the for Puerto Rican male youth had fallen Family structure certainly plays a role­ poor and unskllled, thus adding to the city's the fact that Puerto Rican women are welfare burden. one-third below the rate of their coun­ A new look at Federal programs to allevi­ terparts through the New York area. The less likely to be labor force participants ate distress and increase employment oppor­ participation rate for Puerto Rican girls is in part due to their larger families, tunities in Puerto Rico itself is badly needed. also dropped sharply over the decade. and more Puerto Rican families are Congressional insistence, under pressure The participation rate for Puerto Rican likely to be headed by women than non­ from mainland unions, that the standard teenagers may be an indication that they Puerto Ri.can families in the city. Since minimum wage apply in Puerto Rico is de­ are staying in school longer than they all women eam less than men, these pressing the island economy, not assisting it. did a decade ago. The proportion of female-headed families earn less income. Up-to-date studies of the status of Puerto Another factor is the concentration of Ricans both here and at home are essential Puerto Ricans age 25 and over who com­ starting points for a re-evaluation of p1·esent pleted 12 or more years of school in­ Puerto Ricans in low-wage industries, policies. creased from 13 percent in 1960 to 20 where they are paid less well than their percent in 1970. non-Puerto Rican counterparts. The significance of labor force activity Another question that must be an­ ETHNIC MINORITIES AND PRIVATE for family income shows up notably. In swered is why there has been a deterio­ FOUNDATIONS: ROOM, AND HOPE, husband-wife families with both spouses ration over the past 10 years in family FOR IMPROVEMENT working, Puerto Rican family income income. Partly, it is because the percent­ wa~ $9,832 in 1969, $3,900 or 65 percent age of Puerto Rican women in the work above the median for New York area force has dropped. Family income has HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA families with just the husband working. dropped because the number of wage OF HAWAII For fam111es headed by women, the in­ earners per family has dropped. But an­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cidence of poverty was sharpest; nearly other, and more critical, factor is the three-fifths of female-headed Puerto deterioration of employment opportu­ Wednesday, February 4, 197G Rican families had 1969 income below nities available to Puerto Ricans. The Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, the poverty standard as compared with industries and occupations in which they private charitable foundations heve been about one-fifth for male-headed families. have been concentrated are moving out performing valuable services for genera­ Among the female-headed fammes, 1969 of the city, and although the trend to tions, without any questions being raised income. levels for out-of-labor-force white-collar and nonmanufacturing jobs about their use of their own ftands. Only heads were sharply below those in the has increased during the decade, it has 1n recent years have they come under labor force, $2,758 compared to $5,653. not kept pace with the number of jobs any significant public scrutiny. Three in 10 of the city's Puerto Rican available to Puerto Ricans. Because some disturbing statistics families were headed by women in 1970. A third area that should be further have surfaced as a consequence of this a proportion which increased over the explored is the question of why so many scrutiny, congressional committees and decade and exceeded that for all city of New York's Puerto Ricans are return­ public commentators have begun to focus families. Puerto Ricans also have larger ing to the island. The median income for on the role of the foundations in our families and more young children living Puerto Ricans 1n New York is 80 percent society. Of particular concern to many at home. higher than in Puerto Rico. Opportuni­ Americans has been how foundations As might be expected, Puerto Ricans ties for upward mobility appear to be have interacted with America's ethnic born on the mainland are economically greater in Puerto Rico, because migrants and racial minority groups. better o:tf than those born in Puerto Rico. who return get better jobs. But as the About 3 months ago I had the pleasure Families headed by mainland born. number of migrants increases, their rel­ of discussing some of these problems at while typically younger than island­ ative advantage may be decreasing, and a conference on minorities and founda­ born, have higher incomes. Their 1969 this situation will alter. But it is still true tions in San Francisco under the spon­ median family income was 20-percent that those leaving New York are men sorship of Human Resources Corpora­ higher. and they were less likely to fall and women who have acquired skills and tion. Since then I have had continuing in the poverty level classification. professional degrees, while those arriv­ requests for copies of my speech. Several New York City, which accounts for ing in New York are the poorest and suggestions were made that I insert my three out of five mainland residents of least prepared to enter the job market. statement in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Puerto Rican birth or parentage, has The editorial below from the New York for the use of its readers and for wider been declining in its share of the total. Times of January 30, points out that we circulation. In compliance with this Nevertheless, it remains the leading must look again at Federal programs request I include the text of my speech Puerto Rican center on the mainland. that will increase opportunities for the at this point: The 812,000 Puerto Ricans reported by citizens of Puerto Rico, so they can at­ INCREASING PRIVATE FOUNDATION RESPONSIVE­ the 1970 census constitute more than tain some status and dignity at home. NESS TO THE NEEDS OF ETHNIC MINORITIES 10 percent of the city's population. The DEPRESSED PUERTO RICANS {By the Honorable SPARK M. MATSUNAGA) percentage who are mainland born has The greatest concentration of human mis­ Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: been rising. currently a majority of ery in this trouble-beset metropolis is among I would like to thank the staff of Human school-age children of Puerto Rican the mlllion-member Puerto Rican commu­ Resources Corporation, especially Mr. Masato parentage were born in New York City. nity. They represent only about one-eighth Inaba, !or this unusual opportunity of meet­ In contrast, for the working-age popula­ of the total population, yet they constitute ing with you today. between a third and a half of New York City's As a United States Congressman, particu­ tion the second generation is still a mi­ welfare recipients. Thirty percent live below larly because of my Japanese ancestry, I have nority; only 5 percent over the age of 25 the poverty line in terms of family income. had some unusual experiences-experiences are mainland born. Some indication of the distressed condi­ of which my white colleagues in the Con­ The report raises several questions that tions under which Puerto Ricans subsist here gress, if I may use the term, have been have public policy implications: What emerges from a 138-page report prepared by deprived. are the factors---demographic or institu­ the Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics from For example, ever since former President tional-that account for the low income of the United States Richard Nixon took that five-year-old data collected as part of the historic trip to Peking and reversed American \ status of Puerto Ricans in New York? last decennial census. Representative Her­ They certainly include such things as foreign policy, my personal life has become man Bad1llo of the Bronx, who requested the somewhat confused. Whenever I attend a so­ newcomer status, employment experi­ study, rightly urges that such information cial function in Washington some friendly ence and the fact that they have less be gathered on a current basi~ it is for stranger would invariably approach me and education and/or skill training than whites and blacks-to provide a realistic ask me, "Are you Chinese?" · CXXII--156-Part 2 2458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Fe(n~uary 4, 1978 To that question I have developed a stock of the fact that in the 1960's these same ternat ional study Asian programs received answer, which is "No. I'm sorry I'm not, but I areas also became the targets of massive (1972 through August 1974) 30 times more had an uncle who was a Peeking Tom." federal aid. Today, the federal government monies ($44.6 mlllion) from American foun­ When I related that anecdote in Dayton, spends more on higher education alone than dations than domestic Asian progra.tn1s ($1.2 Ohio at a gathering such as this, the Mayor private foundations spend on all of their million)." of Dayton, who happened to be black and grants for all purposes-and yet the foun­ If we are going to recognize, as we must, sitting next to me at the head table, looked dations continue to give more money to that ours is a pluralistic society, then we up and said to me, "Oh an Uncle Tom, eh ?" education than to any other purpose. ought to encourage greater participation by As your speaker, I must confess at the out­ Are private foundations then lacking in ethnic minorities in our democratic way of set that, in all probability I know less about imagination and flexibility that assistance life. We ought to help them to raise the qual­ private foundations than you who are my lis­ cannot be channelled into new areas? I think ity of their life. We ought to provide needed teners do. However, as a Member of the not. assistance to enable them to meet their needs. United States Congress and of minority stock, Are private foundations so unwieldy and Private foundations are in a unique posi­ I may be able to offer a few suggestions which cumbersome that they cannot be responsive tion to answer this call for help. And you who the foundations and agencies which you rep­ to changing social needs? I think not. are the representatives of private foundations resent could consider in helping to improve Are private foundations the elitist centers can play a key role in making your respective the quality of life in the United States. which some say tend to discriminate against organizations more responsive to the needs First, let me confirm what you may already ethnic minorities? I like to think not. of ethnic minorities in the United States. If know: private foundations are not under re­ Senator Hartke recently addressed a con­ you do this, I assure you that you will stand view in the current deliberations of the House ference held by nonprofit organizations in tall in the halls of Congress the next time Ways and Means Committee. You will also be washington, D.C. which I am sure many 1n that private foundations are asked to come in interested to know that that Committee this room attended. You will recall that he for an accounting. presently has no plans to target in on founda­ said on that occasion: And, above all, you will have met the oft­ tions for possible legislatic.n in the foresee­ "Foundations must go beyond the letter of repeated challenge: private foundations able future. the law to determine what real public needs should be the "cutting edge" of innovation On the other side of Capitol Hill, however, are in this age of change and then fit their and social progress. the Senate Finance Subcommittee on Foun­ grant-making programs to meet those needs. Thank you very much. dations, chaired by Senator Vance Hartke of They must remember that it was their de· Indiana, has been very active. That Subcom­ votion to innovation and experimentation mittee had held hearings twice a year for the which marked their early years, and that last two years. those two qualities are needed even more CABLE TV-COMING OR GOING? These hearings are designed to help the today." Members of that Subcommittee to assess the You will also remember, I am sure, that position and the role of foundations in our later in the same speech Senator Hartke society, according to Chairman Hartke. mentioned some of the areas on which his HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT As he opened the midyear hearings in 1974, Subcommittee plans to hold hearings, and OF CALIFORNIA t he Senator from Indiana explained as one of these, he said, is ~.. minorities." The follows: impllcation was that there is a need for the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "In making this assessment, it is not Senate Subcommittee on Foundations to look Wednesday, February 4, 1976 enough to say that private charity has been into foundation activity in the area of mi­ around since the Romans, or that it had an norities. The results of the Suman Resources Mr. LEGGETI'. Mr. Speaker, we are important place in the very early days of Corporation study entitled "U.S. Foundations all aware that the fledgling Cable TV this republic. All of this is true, but it and Minority Group Interests" show that industry is attempting to expand to says very little about the role of private ethnic minorities indeed have received a more and more geographical locations. charity today. minimum of benefits from private founda­ Unfortunately, a substantial part of the "Nor is it enough to say that, if private tions, and even those benefits have not al­ obstruction to such movement is artifi­ foundations ceased to exist, government ways been allocated in a fair and equitable would have to take up the slack." He con­ cial, generated by the kind of Federal tinued, "If foundations are merely on a manner. regulation that gives Federal regulation parallel course with government, they are For example, I found this statement in a bad name. existing on a very slender reed." the study, at page 89: ''Total grants directed in all program areas A recent article in the New York I believe that the keynote struck by the to the benefit of specified minorities repre­ Times outlines some of the roadblocks Senate Subcommittee on Foundations will proponents of Cable TV have encoun­ be orchestrated into a full-scale symphony sented less than 1 percent of all grant monies when the House Ways and Means Committee in the data base-though the same groups tered inside the White House in their again takes up proposed legislation relative account for nearly 6 percent of the popula­ efforts to bring their product to the pub­ to private foundations. President Ford's most tion. On the other hand, foundations sup­ lic. The maneuverings, posturing, and t•ecent tax proposal, calling for a $28-billion ported programs related to Asian and Latin other machinations described in this tax cut that is linked to a $395-billion fiscal populations outside the United States at a article are, unfortunately, far too close year 1977 budget ceiling, irrespective of its much higher rate. Given the well-docu­ to the stereotypic "bureaucratic shuffle" merits, will no doubt be very attractive to mented needs and discriminatory problems citizens and small entrepreneurs feel millions of American taxpayers. In fact faced by minorities, their share of founda· Members of Congress are already being pres­ tion funds seem woefully inadequate." subjected to when they deal with the sured by their constituents to support the I find even more disturbing than the "woe­ Government. President's proposal. Confronted with the fully inadequate" 1 percent of foundation I would like to insert the article in budgetary dilemma of providing for urgent funds which is going to minorities, the ab­ question at this point in the RECORD: National needs with reduced revenues, Con­ sence of rhyme or reason in the selection of [From the New York Times, Dec. 22, 1975 J gress will be compelled to reexamine exist­ recipients of such funds. Again, from the Human Resources Cor­ FoRD PANEL THE TARGET OF CABI.E TV ing tax exemptions and deductions. From OPPONENTS the standpoint not only of regulation but poration study I offer these examples: also of increasing federal revenues, there­ At page 76: "According to the U.S. census (By David Burnham) fore, it is very likely that private foundations 13 percent of the total Spanish heritage pop­ WASHINGTON, December 21.-Despit e in­ will again come under the kind of close ulation in the U.S. is located in the North­ tense opposition led by the tht·ee television scrut iny to which they were subjected in east. However, 27 percent of the funds allo­ networks, the Ford Administration is con­ connection with the Tax Reform Act of 1969. cated to Spanish heritage populat ions from tinuing to consider changes in the commu ­ What Congress will be looking at is the sum foundations goes to the Northeast .. . while nications law that could lead to fundamen­ of around $600 million which would other­ 47 percent of the Spanish heritage popula­ tal shifts in the multibillion-dollar Ameri­ wise fiO\V into the federal treasury from the tion resides in the West only 16 percent of can television industry. now ta-x-exempt private foundations and the total funds were allocated to the West The immediate target of the networks' other charitable institutions. ..."and so on. campaign is a study group that has been Similarly, beginning at page 81: "The debating for the last three months what There is still time, in m y judgment, for •' private foundations to prepare themselves, funds benefiting Asian groups flow over­ steps, if any, should be taken to enable the ( and prepare themselves well, for another whelmingly to Chinese beneficiaries . . . infant pay cable television industries to close examination by the lawmakers on groups other than Chinese Americans are compete with the giant broadcast television Capitol Hill. statistically almost negligible . . . While industry. It is a generally accepted fact that private only 18 percent of the population of Chinese The study group includes representatives foundations occupy a unique position in Americans resides in New York City 66 per­ from the Domestic Council, the Office of our society. Their contributions in the fields cent or two-thirds of foundation funds for Telecommunications Policy, the Council of of education and public health have been Chinese Americans is distributed there." Economic Advisers and the Justice Depart­ enormous. But these have been the tradi­ Also upsetting is this statistical conclu­ ment's Antitrust Division. A similar group's tion al areas of foundation largesse, in spite sion (page 87 ) : a • •• International and in- review of t he Federal regulatory agencies Februa/ry 4, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2459 The House Communications subcommittee recently resulted tn three far-reacbing pro~ ers. film makers, sports official and public has posals by President Ford to force the a.lr~ interest groups. lnltiated a study to develop a pay cable lines, trucks and railroads to compete harder HOSTILITY SUGGESTED television blll, the Senate Monopoly and Antl~ trust SUbcommittee recently held hearings, by reducing Government regulation of their During a meeting last October with net~ operations. . and Senator John 0. Pastore. Democrat of work officials tn the White House Cabinet Rhode a The battle focuses on Federal Communi~ Island, for many years considered Room, Arthur Taylor, the president ot CBS, supporter of the broadcasters, will retire cations Commission rules that restrict cable 1s reported to have speculated on whether television from bidding on major movies and from the Senate next year. the Ford Administration's consideration of •-rhere won·~ be legislation this year or sports events and limit the number of sig~ cable television might not be a continua­ nals they can import from other cities. next, but I think lt wlll come within five tion of what he called the Nixon Adminis­ years," one industry spokesman said. The widespread development of pay cable tration's open host111ty to the news media. television has been strongly recommended According to several reports in the trade by almost every private and Government press. some N.A.B. members felt Mr. Taylor•s study group that has studied the issue. But comment was unfounded. the Government rules that restrict the in~ "The broadcasters were very candid, even PUERTO RICAN MARXIST-LENIN­ dustry have frustrated access to the vast threatening," one executive branch expert ISTS REAFFIRM RIGHT TO USE capital necessary to link millions of Amerl~ who was present at the meeting is reported TERROR can homes by cable. to have said. Wilson C. Wearn, chairman of the board Another measure of the deep concern by of the National Association of Broadcasters, the broadcasters 1s the fact that over the charged in a recent statement that freeing last two years, the group has budgeted more HON. LARRY McDONALD pay cable television from restrictions "would than $500,000 for lobbying against changes C. GEORGIA seriously impair the quality tt.nd quantity in the regulation of cable television. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES of broadcast services provided to the public An N.A.B. official is reported to have told by both commercial and noncommercial a. stair member of Senator Edward M. Ken­ Wednesday$ February 4, 1976 broadcasters." nedy's Monopoly and Antitrust Subcommit­ Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Mr. Wearn said that, because of the capital tee, that the Massachusetts Democrat would Speaker, the Puerto Rican Socialist required to wire the entire nation, the pay be labeled an enemy of broadcasting if lie Party-Partido Socialista Puertorri­ cable industry never would be able to .. pr~ held hearings on cable television. Mr. Ken­ vide the nationwide, universally available nedy went ahead with the hearings. quefia, PSP- a Cuban-dominated or­ service the public now receives from broad~ Another example of the broadcasters' con­ ganization which has proclaimed itself as casting!' · cern was the recent hiring by CBS of John the revolutionary Marxist-Leninist van­ DEPRIVATION FEARED Loftus, the public relations chief for the Of­ guard party of Puerto Rico, recently re­ He estimated that pay cable might reach flee of Telecommunications Polley, and ap­ affirmed 1ts "right'' and intention to use between eight and 14 million households by pointing him chairman of a. Washington­ "armed struggle" tactics, whi<± include 1985. Should this occur, he contended that based corporate committee to :fight pay cable terrorism and guerrilla warfare, when­ the cable industry "will easily be able to buy television. ever the PSP leadership feels they are off major television sports and entertain~ According to a number of White House ment, and thereby deprive the remaining and executive branch agency officials, the appropriate. population of these attractions." debate within the Administration about The reaffirmation of support for One tactic in the campaign to prevent the cable television ts concentrating on two "armed struggle" was announced at a White House from recommending changes tn broad problems. mass rally held at the end of a series the regulatory structure of television was a The first 1s political feaslbtuty. Some of of secret meetings open only to the PSP drive by the National Association .of Broad­ President Ford's advisers are known to have leadership and carefully selected dele­ casters to generate an outpouring of opposi­ argued that the Administration should not pick a quarrel with the politically potent gates. The secret meetings, publicized as tion mail from local broadcasters around the the PSP's second national congress, were country. broadcasters tn an election year. Other ad­ Willlam Carlisle, the broadcasters group's visers have contended that the power of the held from November 28th to Decem­ I vice president for government relations. industry had been greatly exaggerated and ber 7,1975. \ sent local broadcasters two letters protest­ that there might be a net polfttcal gain tn The principal new development in PSP i ing the White House study. He asked the helping the development of the cable In­ tactical planning is its intention to par­ broadcasters to write original, but similar dustry. One official in the debate, who asked not ticipate for the first time in its 16-year letters to President Ford, the House Commu~ history, in the Puerto Rican elections. nications Subcommitte and the Federal Com­ to be identified, said the potential political pitfalls had been explained to the President But the PSP leaders time and time again munications Commission. emphasized that the election campaign Mr. Carlisle said in his letter of instruc­ and that Mr. Ford stlll wanted to pursue the tions that he had emphasized "the words matter. does not mean that PSP has renounced 'original' and 'simllar• because we want no The President's recommendations for limit­ armed struggle as the means for attain­ duplication of language which would give ing the regulatory power of the Civll Aero­ ing power. the impression that writers are simply copy­ nautics Board and the Interstate Commerce Participation in the elections will en­ ing from a model." Commission, despite the opposition of the able the PSP to gain more publicity, "Hence," he wrote, "paraphrasing will be afl.'ected industries, provide evidence ot his desire to lessen Government control of in­ gain additional forums in which to pre­ absolutely necessary." sent its Communist goals, and will give "In any event," Mr. Carlisle went on, "your dustry. letters to the White House, the F.C.C. and The second problem concerns the action the Puerto Rican Socialist Party an aura the Administration should recommend to of legitimacy-of being a real political the House subcommittee should emphasize Congress. Some advisers, such as Paul W. your independent beltef (which I know we party instead of being merely one of MacAvoy of the Council of Economic Advis­ Fidel Castro's agencies for the spread of all share) that omnibus cable legislation ers, are reported to have urged the President should express the fundamental policy that to recommend a b111 aimed solely at permit­ totalitarianism in the Caribbean. since cable services cannot be made available ting cable operators to bid against the net­ The newspaper Gramma, "the official to all the people in the United States, they works for movies and sports events and to organ of the Central Committee of the should be supplemental to broadcast serv~ import any signals they want to. Communist Party of Cuba," reported on ices encouraged to provide new, innovative Others, such as John Eger, acting director the PSP meetings and emphasized that services, but not permitted to offer the same of the Office of Telecommunications Policy, section of PSP Secretary-General Juan programs for pay that are now available free are reported to have contended that the Ad­ Mali Bras' speech in which he para­ to substantially all of the people." ministration would have more success with a phrased Lenin to explain why his party Though Mr. Carlisle contrasted the phrase far broader communications deregulation proposal. would now participate in the elections: pay television with free, N.A.B. officials con­ "' • • the strategy for the takeover of power ceded last summer at a Senate Judiciary sub­ According to this concept, the President would submit omnibus legislation easing the by the workers must combine aU forms and committee hearing that consumers paid for restrictions that limit the competition faced manifestations of .struggle·. by the people, free television through the higher prices for by the Bell Telephone System and some of the with tactical flexibility but firm long..:term goods advertised on television. A Justice De­ rules and regulations governing the radio and objectives. partment study estimates this cost at $70 television stations in the same package with to $80 a family a year, even for those fam­ cable television proposals. And Lenin pointed out specifically that ilies that do not have or watch television. Whatever the outcome of the Administra­ "all forms of struggle" to the communists A second tactic of the networks has been tion debate, many officials in Government and meant everything from petitions, picket to oppose any change in the communications industry are convinced that the process of lines and elections to armed struggle in laws in meetings held by the White House developing a new set of rules for the com­ all its forms including terrorism, civil Study Group with broadcasters, theater own- munications industry has begun. war, guerrilla actions and mob violence. 2460 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Feb1~·ua1~y 4, 1976 The question to the Marxist-Leninist is olutionary party of the proleta.1"iat-is de­ singer-Ford adhe1·ence to detente with not what tactics are morally permissible veloping a,t an a.ccelerated pace, all factors for a revolutionary situation will soon be In the Soviet Union to p1·otect the Puerto but "which tactic will advance us toward place. Rican revolutionaries. taking power most efficiently." As a consequence, the PSP feels that it Is In his weekly column in the PSP news­ In his speech to the mass rally, Juan import~nt to utillze every bourgeois demo­ paper, Claridad, December 28, 1975, Jose Mari Bras said: cratic method of struggle still pe1·mitted by Alberto Alvarez-Febles of the PSP U.S. We are under no illusions about the elec­ the colohial regime as part of the process oi Zone Committee Political Commission toral process as an instrument for change consolidating the party organization and claimed that the mildness of the pro­ capable of bringing the working class to impeding the repressive apparatus of the tests at Soviet-Cuban intervention in power and of achieving independence and state. But they have no illusions about the socialism. future. "Frankly," said one member of the U.S. internal affairs from the President PSP's political commission, "I don't think and Secretary of State are "precisely be­ He asked: we have very much time before us in which cause they are operating in the frame­ Does the electoral strategy mean that we we can operate legally. We must be prepared work of detente." set aside the armed struggle? The answer is for this eventuality psychologically and in Alvarez next expressed the belief that definitely-no! every other way." the President and the Secretary of State The PSP's founder then spelled out the The high regard for the revolutionary had authorized the release of secret in­ tactical reasons for participation in potential of the Puerto Rican Socialist telllgence reports on PSP activities to democratic elections: Party held by the pro-Soviet section of the Senate Internal Security Subcom­ But we will enter this debate • • • to ob­ the world Communist movement may be mittee and myself as the basis of our re­ tain participation in public forums and the seen in the solidarity messages read to ports. Alvarez expressed the belief of the mass media, and denounce the lies of colo­ the PSP rally from Fidel Castro, the PSP that these reports were published nialism and capitalism, Including the elec­ PSP's staunch supporter; from Beatriz "to lay the foundation for a stepped-up tions which represent, at bottom, a false Allende de Ona, daughter of the former campaign" against Communist aggres­ democracy. Marxist-Leninist president of Chile and sion. It is worthwhile at this point to con­ wife of a high-ranking officer in the But Alvarez believes that the Com­ sider what Marl Bras means when he Cuban secret police; from the Revolu­ munist and Third World majority in the denounces open, free and democratic tionary Government of South Vietnam; United Nations and its related organiza­ elections as "false democracy." The from the Workers-Communist-Party tions will ultimately enable their move­ Puerto Rican Socialist Party leader and of North Korea; and from the PAIGC, ment to attain victory. He wrote: all those who follow the theories of Marx the Moscow-supported Marxist-Leninists But for us, the importance of the "' * "' and Lenin consider that "true democ­ who received control of Guinea-Bissau colonial case of Puerto Rico lies precisely ou racy" is the dictatorship of the prole­ from the Portuguese. the revolutionary internationalization of the same. • • • they must now fight where we tariat led and directed by the vanguard The PSP revolutionists became highly are stronger. In the international camp the revolutionary party. "True democracy," incensed at anti-PSP statements made balance of forces is every day more adverse then, for the Marxists is the state of by the Governor of Puerto Rico and by to the interests of the imperialist bourgeoi­ communism in which all other classes, in what PSP termed the "major bourgeois sie. There the people who (are) like us * * '' particular the middle classes or bour­ papers." The Puerto Rican press cor· are predominant. geoisie, have been destroyed by the rectly termed the Puerto Rican Socialist A second measure which would con­ "workers." Party a Cuban-Soviet effort in subver­ tribute greatly would be the restoration Our constitutional republic with its sion and pointed out that this Cuban­ of the House Internal Security Commit­ respect for the opinions and property of Soviet interference in the internal affairs tee so that the national lawmakers and individuals and minorities, is termed by of the United States and Puerto Rico the public could be continually apprised the Marxists "bourgeois democracy" or showed the falseness of "detente" and of of the activities and threat posed by this "false democracy." The revolutionaries the Helsinki agreements. The Russian semantic hair-splitting organization and its allies. regard their political rights to organize, The totalitarian teachings of Marx spread subversive propag~nda and pre­ over the intervention in Puerto Rico and pare for revolution under our constitu­ in the Angolan situation show how shal· and Lenin hold no appeal for Americans tional system as ''loopholes" in our sys­ low is the understanding of American when presented directly. Public exposure tem to be tmned to their advantage. diplomats of the aggressive Soviet goals. of revolutionary conspiratorial groups The mood of the Puerto Rican Social­ Both the Soviet leadership and Fidel is the best way to counteract them. ist Party members and supporters can be Castro have stated that they regard judged by the standing ovation given Marxist-Leninist revolutionary efforts in Juan Mari Bras when he said, quoting situations like Angola and Puerto Rico SUBCOMMITTEE ON INDIAN AF­ from Fidel Castro: as part of the "national liberation strug­ FAffiS HEARINGS SCHEDULED There can be no victorius revolution if gles" for "self-determination," and that you have the arms and do not have the they regard "national liberation strug­ masses. But there cannot be a victorious gles" as a completely separate matter HON. DON YOUNG revolution without arms. from detente. For the Soviets and their OF ALASKA Said Bras: allies, "detente" concerns only official IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTArl'IVES We will never renounce our right to the government to government relations. Wednesday, February 4, 1976 armed struggle, not until the day that im­ Therefore, the Communists will continue perialism gives up its last gun. to support the involvement of other Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, I Marxist-Leninist groups in all forms of am greatly concerned that the Presi­ The PSP leadership indicated that the struggle-from maneuvers in the United dent's impoundment of funds for the party is prepared to go underground and Nations through all the varieties of construction of a Native hospital in operate illegally. They further indicated armed struggle, terrorism and civil war. Bethel, Alaska, would seriously delay the that they expect a full revolutionary It is clear beyond any question that construction of this much-needed health situation will develop quickly in Puerto the Puerto Rican Socialist Party poses a facility for ·Native Alaskans in this re­ Rico. major threat to the internal security of mote community. Indeed, the nearest One analysis of the PSP's political as­ the United States. One effective counter­ hospital with adequate health facilities sessment of the potential for full revolu­ measure is for local and federal law en­ lies hundreds of miles by air to the east tion in Puerto Rico was produced by Ir· forcement agencies to monitor its ac-·. of Bethel in Anchorage, Alaska. win Silber, executive editor of the tivities and prosecute any violations of Because I believe the people of Bethel Guardian, a Maoist weekly tabloid. In the law-which have included bank deserve adequate health care and be­ part it reads: robbery and bombing-by the PSP mem­ cause I am concerned that the impound­ The new approach to elections reflects bership. ment of these funds would leave these PSP's estimate that Puerto Rico today is people without adequate health facilities, "rapidly coming to the end of the pre­ Public exposure of the falseness of revolutionary period" and will shortly enter detente and of the Soviet and Cuban I introduce this resolution urging the into a full "revolutionary period." All of the backing of the revolutionary activities of House to support my objections to this objective conditions for revolution in Puerto the Puerto Rican Socialist Party has deferral of budget authority. Rico already exist, they believe • • •. But upset the PSP leadership. The PSP and I would also like to take this -time to now that the key subjective force-the rev- its backers are counting on the Kis· remind n1y colleagues that the House February 4, ·1976 EXTENSIONS · oF ~ REMARKS 2461 Subcommittee on Indian Affairs has the Politburo of the Party, held a long in­ his closest fiscal advisers reportedly op­ scheduled hearings on this important terview with Cyrus Eaton, an outstanding posed as a "Rockefeller brainchild." personality in economic, industrial and fi­ The new budget contains no new pub­ matter on February · 20, and the full nancial circles in the United States, whose Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ positions and activities in favor of peace lic works starts for any of the 50 States­ fairs has scheduled hearings ·on Febru­ are known throughout the world. and no new major national programs ary 27. During the interview, which was held in with this one exception-the proposed a cordial, friendly and frank atmosphere, $100 billion handout and bailout for they had a wide interchange of opinions on the big utilities, big oil, and the big CYRUS EATON GUEST OF different aspects of the present international energy conglomerates and multinational CUBAN GOVERNMENT situation. Mr. Eaton repeated his friendly corporations. · statements toward the Cuban people. This single new proposal evidences the HON. LOUIS STOKES big business orientation of this adminis­ tration. OF OHIO Because of the interest of my col­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE ADMINISTRATION'S SINGULAR leagues and the American people in this Wednesday, February 4, 1976 NEW PROPOSAL IN THE BUDGET­ most important subject, I place the edi­ A $100 BILLION ENERGY AGENCY Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Cyrus TO MAKE LOANS, GRANTS, AND torial from the Tennessean in the RECORD Eaton, one of Cleveland's most influen­ SUBSIDIES AS A "BAILOUT" FOR herewith: tial businessmen and distinguished cl.ti­ BIG BUSINESS, BIG OIL, AND PRI­ [The Nashville Tennessean, Jan. 26, 1976] zens, has recently returned from Cuba VATE UTILITIES MR. FORD NOW PROPOSES A NEW ENERGY where he was the guest of the Cuban MONOPOLY Government and Fidel Castro. U.S. energy research Chief Robert Seamans, I am submitting an article which ap .. HON. JOE L. EVINS Jr. has announced that negotiations will peared in Gramma, Cuba's daily news­ start next month with three private ven­ paper, on December 30, 1975, detailing OF TENNESSEE tures interested in building uranium en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES richment plants. That may be the most far­ Mr. Eaton's interview with CUban Presi­ reaching mistake this administration could dent Oswaldo Doricos. Wednesday, February 4, 1976 make. I am also submitting a letter which Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, At present, there are three uranium en­ Mr. Eaton wrote to the editor of the the administration is mo"!ing forward richment plants 1n this country and all are New York Times on Tuesday, Janary 27, with plans to expand the already sig­ owned by the government. They are man­ 1976. I feel that Mr. Eaton's letter carries nificant control over energy sources by aged by private firms under contract to the an important message about the U.S. Energy Research and Development Agency. big business-big oil, private utilities, and The government thus controls the safety relationship with Cuba. the huge energy conglomerates. standards and quality of the fuel as well as Mr. Speaker, I am sure that my col­ The administration budget formally the price. It is true that the output of the leagues will be interested in reading the proposes a $100 billion "bailout" for these plants has been sold for years in the future following items: big companies by establishing a new and it is the contention of the government [From the New York Times, Jan. 27, 1976] Energy Independence Authority to hand that new facilities must be built and that PROGRESS IN CUBA out loans, subsidies, grants, and guar­ private enterprise is in position to do it. To the Editor: President Ford has said that the govern­ antees to big business engaged in energy ment will either have to invest $30 bill~ on My latest visit to Cuba reinforces my long­ research, and energy sales. held conviction that the American giant is more to construct new plants or else make it making a grievous mistake in continuing to This proposal is set out in some detail a profit-making business for industry. And bully the tiny but enterprising island just on page 923 of the appendix of the budget the President seems to realize that if he ninety miles from our mainland. for fiscal year 1977 under a heading en­ doesn't let private enterprise in on this po­ I have been going to Cuba for sixty years titled "Legislative Program." tential bonanza, future chief executives may and once held substantial investments there. The budgetary description of this big turn thumbs down on the idea. On trips in recent years, as the guest of Uranium enrichment, the process of in­ Prime Minister Fidel Castro and his Govern­ business relief agency is, in part, as creasing concentrations of it as a necessary ment, I have had a fine opportunity to ob­ follows: step toward fabricating atomic power plant serve the steady progress being made, nota­ The Energy Independence Authority (EIA) fuel elements--or atomic bombs-has been bly in education, health and agriculture. The is a proposed new $100 billion Government in government hands since the Manhattan net effect of our Government's opposition corporation to help achieve energy independ­ Project began in World War II. has been to stiffen Cuba's resolve to succeed, ence by providing loans, loan guar-antees, The idea of turning over government se­ while cutting ourselves off from a source of price guarantees, or other financial assistance crets and technology to private enterprise lucrative trade. to private sector projects ... In contrast to our intransigent attitude, raises a host of questions. our Canadian neighbor, with whom we share In this connection, the Nashville Ten­ How would the secrets be guarded? What a 4,000-rnile border, has continuously main­ nessean in a recent editorial emphasizes is to prevent foreign investors from provid­ tained official and friendly relations with the plan by the administration to sub­ ing some of the money and getting in on the Cuba. It is a matter of great pride and in­ sidize an entry by big business into the action? How much profit would the com­ spiration to the island's entire population panies be permitted to make, and off whom? that the Prime Minister of Canada plans uranium enrichment field, now a func­ Since there will be no price competition to an official visit to Cuba this month. tion of the Federal Government. speak about and the profit motive would Although I had previously become well Uranium enrichment plants provide fuel necessarily be vast, who could hold the price acquainted with Prime Minister Castro and for nuclear powerplants. line? his brothers, this was my first chance for ex­ tended discussions with President Oswaldo This is an astonishing proposal, con­ If the government ends its own monopoly Dorticos. I am impressed with his ability trary to the public interest, in direct con­ on enriched fuel making, it will then create and dedication, qualities that also character­ flict with the interests of consumers and another one. And ERDA seems to have no ize the rest of the thirteen-member Polit­ constitutes another giant step toward plans to require private industry to reveal buro that governs Cuba. Contrary to impres­ cost data or any thinking on the subject of sion fostered by our officialdom, there is not strengthening the existing energy mo­ how it would prevent domestic utilities from a rubber stamp among them. nopoly. being gouged for fuel. Cuba, with its fertility of soil and beau­ The Federal Government has devel­ From almost every angle the issue is viewed ty of ocean, harbors and rivers, is truly one oped the technology of the uranium en­ letting private enterprise in on another fuel of the garden spots of the world. Whether or richment process and this process is monopoly is like putting another cat in not it comes about during our present Ad­ ministration, I foresee the early day when public property and should not be turned with the pigeons. Americans and Cubans will again exchange over to the energy monopoly for private The oil companies are already into coal free and friendly visits as in the happier exploitation at the expense of the Ameri­ production. They are into uranium mining. past. can taxpayers. Now the government is thinking of letting them into fuel enrichment. In short, the en­ CYRUS EATON. It is most interesting that with all the CLEVELAND, January 19, 1976. ergy sources of the nation are headed toward administration fervor for fisca:i. restraint, control by a few. TRANSLATION the President would find it necessary to And beyond this vital question is the fact Yesterday morning Oswaldo Dorticos, push so hard on this single "wild spend­ that the government has been thinking of President of the Republic and member of ing" and "giveaway" program which even guaranteeing the investors' money against 2462 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Februa1"Y 4, 1976 bankruptcy and customers against lack of of police of the Frederick City Police De­ the police. Based on his 18 years exper­ fuel 11' the private plants go broke. partment. I would like to add my note If the taxpayers are gotng to share the ience with the Maryland State Police, risk so private enterprise can pluck the goose, of congratulations on a job well done to Chief Main started new training pro­ why not let government build the additional those of his friends and neighbors. grams, established new standards of plants needed for uranium enrichment? To An editorial in the Frederick News service, and brought a new look to the do otherwise would be to enshrine political stated: officers and their vehicles. Chief Main stupidity as "common sense." Major Main excelled at his job. He gained national recognition for his work in building has also contributed in a thousand other the Frederick City Pollee Department into ways to the community in which he lives. CHIEF MAIN RETIRES one of the finest in the nation for a city the He has been active in his church, the size of Frederick. The Frederick City Pollee North End Civic Association, the Little HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON Academy he developed Is a model, and the League, Midget Football, the Touchdown curriculum Is so well organized and adminis­ Club, and the YMCA. OF MARYLAND tered that the training our local police re­ I want to congratulate Charlie Main IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ceive make them recruiting targets for other on a job well done and to wish him a Wednesday, February 4, 1976 larger cities able to offer more money ••• well-deserved retirement. I know he will Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, recently Chief Main became chief of pollee fn continue to serve his community in any Maj. Charles Victor Main retired as chief 1952 and began Immediately to revitalize way possible during his retirement years.