DOCSLIB.ORG

De Architectuur Van Djenné : Een Onderzoek Naar De Historische Stad

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
De Architectuur Van Djenné : Een Onderzoek Naar De Historische Stad De architectuur van Djenné : een onderzoek naar de historische stad Citation for published version (APA): Maas, P. C. M. (1994). De architectuur van Djenné : een onderzoek naar de historische stad. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR429553 DOI: 10.6100/IR429553 Document status and date: Gepubliceerd: 01/01/1994 Document Version: Uitgevers PDF, ook bekend als Version of Record Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement: www.tue.nl/taverne Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at: [email protected] providing details and we will investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 31 DE ARCHITECTUUR, VAN DJENNE EEN ONDERZOEK NAAR DE HISTORISCHE STAD P.C.M. Maas De Architectuur van Djenné, Een onderzoek naar de historische stad PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, prof.dr. J.H. van Lint, voor een commissie aangewezen door het College van Dekanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 12 december 1994 om 16.00 uur door Petrus Cornelis Maria Maas geboren te Roosendaal en Nispen Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren : prof.dr.ir. G.A.C. van Zeyl en prof.dr.ir. M.F.Th. Bax Co-promotor: dr. R.M.A. Bedaux CJP-GEGEVENS KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG Maas, Petrus Cornelis Maria De architectuur van Djenné : een onderzoek naar de historische stad I Petrus Cornelis Maria Maas. - Eindhoven : Faculteit Bouwkunde, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. - 111. - (Bouwstenen I Faculteit Bouwkunde, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven; 31) Proefschrift Eindhoven,- Met lit. opg. ISBN 90-6814-531-2 Trefw.: bouwkunst ; Djenné ; geschiedenis , voor Margriet Inhoudsopgave Voorwoord pag. 7 De samenstelling van het proefschrift pag. 10 Inleiding pag. 13 Hoofdstuk 1 : Documentatie pag. 18 Hoofdstuk 2 : Historiciteit pag. 38 Hoofdstuk 3 : De genese van het concept pag. 51 Hoofdstuk 4 : Universele patronen en hun betekenis pag. 60 Hoofdstuk 5 : De regionale invloeden pag. 74 Nawoord pag. 87 Samenvatting pag. 90 Summary pag. 93 Literatuur p9g. 96 Voorwoord Het hoofdbestanddeel van dit proefschrift wordt gevormd door het samen met Geert Mommersteeg geschreven boek Djenné, chef­ d'oeuvre architectural, dat in 1992 bij het Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen te Amsterdam is verschenen. Dit boek kan worden beschouwd als een zo nauwgezet mogelijke documentatie van de architectuur van de stad Djenné en is het resultaat van een tien jaar durend onderzoek dat studenten en medewerkers van de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven hebben verricht naar de archi­ tectuur van Djenné 1. Drie van de in totaal vier veldonderzoekers zijn afgestudeerd bij Geert Bekaert, indertijd hoogleraar Architectuurgeschiedenis en Theorie aan de Faculteit Bouwkunde van de T.U.E. Enkele van de meest wezenlijke aspecten die Geert Bekaert als begeleider van de onderzoekers benadrukte waren het behoud van een zo groot mogelijke onbevangenheid tijdens het waarnemen, van het vermogen tot verbazen en van het vermogen zich te laten leiden door het onverwachte. Of zoals Arie van Rangelrooy, de eerste veldonderzoeker en als zodanig de pionier van de groep, het ver­ woordde in de inleiding van zijn afstudeerscriptie (van Rangelrooy 1984 : 7) : "Ik heb me gehouden aan een model dat zich laat ken­ nen als een principe van binding en scheiding, maar dan zonder dat vooraf een onderscheid of/en een verbinding is bepaald. Dit heb ik toegepast op de visueel dimensionale waarneming van de gebouwde omgeving, door me als een nulpunt te verplaatsen en 1 Onder leiding van Wolf Schijns hebben achtereenvolgens Arie van Rangelrooy ( 1984 ), PierreMaas (1986), Wim van Unen (1987) en Rik van der Velden (1989) veldonderzoek in I:ljenné gedaan. 7 me te laten leiden door accenten (onderscheidingsmomenten), of simpelweg de dingen die me opvallen". De onderzoekers werden opgeleid tot architect. Dit impliceerde dat de kennis die in het onderzoek werd ingebracht en de onder­ zoeksmethoden die werden toegepast, sterk werden bepaald door een benadering van het gebouw en de stad als een ontwerp 2. De fascinatie voor de architectuur van de stad en de wil deze vast te leggen werden zo vertaald in een documentaire-achtige opzet van het onderzoek, waarbij de nauwkeurige waarneming en de bestudering van de gebouwde omgeving belangrijke aandachts­ punten werden. In de periode dat Geert Bekaert aan de faculteit bouwkunde van de T.U.E. verbonden was (1973-1989} kregen deze aspecten voor zijn studenten een extra dimensie. Hij liet hen ken­ nismaken met de algemene kritiek op de Moderne Architectuur, zowel vanuit de praktijk van het bouwen via Aldo van Eyck, als vanuit de architectuurtheorie door met name de Italiaanse kritiek van o.a. Tafuri en dal Co en het traetaten onderzoek van de sectie Architectuur Geschiedenis en Theorie (AGT) naar de geschriften van Viollet-Le-Duc, Durand en Piranesi 3. De fascinatie en ver­ wondering voor het bijzondere en het onverwachte in de architec­ tuur werd mede gevoed door deze kennismaking met de relatie tussen ontwerp en geschiedenis. 2 Een van de eerste teksten die bij de bestudering van de architectuur van Djenné werd geraadpleegd was Aldo Rossi's De Architectuur van de Stad, waarin zijn idee van 'de stad als locus van het collectieve geheugen' bijzonder aansprak. 3 Ter verduidelijking wil ik in dit kader wijzen op een boekbespreking van Jos Bosman (in Arcbis 10-92: 55) over Gijs Wallis de Vries' Piranesi en het idee van de prachtige stad (1990) en Gerard van Zeyl's De Traetaten van Jean Nicolas Louis Durand' (1990), beide dissertaties verdedigd aan de T.U. Eindhoven, waarin hij als een van de gezamenlijke gezichtspunten vermeldt : "Daarenboven zijn beide boeken, in de manier waarop de verschillende invalshoeken op elkaar betrokken worden, geschreven vanuit de risicovolle 'openheid' die Jean-François Lyotard bepleit. Al met al is hiermee een speculatieve interesse in de geschiedenis, die architecten eigen is, bewust aangedikt". 8 Deze culturele oriëntatie op het vakgebied van de bouwkunde, maar vooral ook Geert Bekaert's attitude met betrekking tot de niet-westerse architectuur 4, maakte dat in de faculteit de fasci­ natie voor Afrika in het algemeen en de steden in de Sahel in het bijzonder, welke door de Forum publikaties van van Eyck en Haan 5 aan het eind van de jaren vijftig en het begin van de jaren zestig was ontstaan, groeide 6. In dit klimaat richtten een aantal architecten in spe hun blik op een bijzondere stad in de Sahel : Djenné. Hun blik was onbevan­ gen en registreerde wat voor ogen kwam. De nauwkeurigheid van het vastleggen bepaalde mede de kwaliteit van het werk. Opmetingen en fotografische documentaties werden samengevoegd tot dossiers die een beeld gaven van de architec­ tuur en stedebouw van de stad Djenné en haar omgeving 7. Deze resultaten zijn gepresenteerd in dit proefschrift. 4 Bekend is Bekaert's bekroonde film 'M'Zab, wonen in de woestijn', gemaakt in 1973 voor de BRT. Tevens verscheen in de door Bekaert geredigeerde reeks architec tuurboeken bij uitgever Mardaga een boek over de M'Zab architectuur, Donnadieu (1977). 5 Onder andere: Aldo van Eyck. 'Bouwen in de Zuidelijke Oasen" Forum, 1956, nr. 4, p. 130-133, 'Architecture of Dogon", Architectural Forum, sept. 1961, p. 116-121, 'Dogon : mand-huis-dorp-wereld', (i.s.m. P.Parin en F.Morgenthaler), Forum, juli 1967, p. 30-50. Zie ook verderop in dit boek bij de bespreking v~n het thema 'de genese van het concept'. 6 Hierbij vormde de eerste reis van Wolf Schijns en Gerard van Zeyl naar de Dogon en Djenné een vroeg oriëntatiepunt. Zie Wolf Schijns et al. Beelden en Bouwen bij de Dogon. Onderzoeksrapport Faculteit Bouwkunde, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 1979. 7 Er werd van meet af aan samengewerkt met cultureel antropologen. Het gebruik van de ruimtes, de samenstelling van de families en de vormen van levensonderhoud werden onderzocht en soms vastgelegd in rapporten. Gezamenlijke verslaglegging bleef echter achterwege. Ook in Djenné, chef d'oeuvre architectural is van deze documenten slechts sporadisch gebruik gemaakt. Slechts in het onderzoek naar de metselaars, de invloeden van de islam en het gebruik van de gebouwen in combinatie met de plattegrondvorm is voor een meer antropologische benadering gekozen. Ik wil in de conclusies van dit boek terugkomen op de relatie tussen antropologie en architectuur. 9 De samenstelling van het proefschrift Dit proefschrift bestaat naast het voor U liggende boek uit een drietal publicaties : • Maas, Pierre & Geert Mommersteeg.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • © in This Web Service Cambridge University Press
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83824-5 - The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 4 Islamic Cultures and Societies to the End of the Eighteenth Century Edited by Robert Irwin Index More information Index NOTES 1. The Arabic definite article (al-), the transliteration symbols for the Arabic letters hamza (p) and qayn (q), and distinctions between different letters transliterated by the same Latin character (e.g. d and d.) are ignored for purposes of alphabetisation. 2. In the case of personal names sharing the same first element, rulers are listed first, then individuals with patronymics, then any others. 3. Locators in italics denote illustrations. Aba¯d.iyya see Iba¯d.iyya coinage 334, 335, 688–690, 689 qAbba¯da¯n 65 Dome of the Rock built by 690 qAbba¯s I, Sha¯h 120, 266, 273, 281, 300–301, 630 qAbd al-Qa¯dir al-Baghda¯d¯ı 411 qAbba¯s II, Sha¯h 266 qAbd al-Rapu¯f al-Singkil¯ı 103, 518 al-qAbba¯s ibn qAbd al-Mut.t.alib 109, 112 qAbd al-Rah.ma¯n II ibn al-H. akam, caliph of qAbba¯s ibn Firna¯s 592 Cordoba 592, 736 qAbba¯s ibn Na¯s.ih. 592 qAbd al-Rah.ma¯n III, caliph of Cordoba qAbba¯sids 621, 663 qAbba¯sid revolution 30, 228–229, 447; and qAbd al-Rah.ma¯n al-S.u¯f¯ı 599–600, 622 religion 110, 111–112, 228; and qAbd al-Razza¯q Samarqand¯ı 455 translation movement 566, qAbd al-Wa¯h.id ibn Zayd 65 567–568 qAbda¯n 123–124 foundation of dynasty 30, 31, 229 qAbdu¯n ibn Makhlad 397 Mongols destroy Baghdad caliphate 30, 49 abjad system 456 rump caliphate in Cairo 49, 56, 246, 251, ablaq architectural decoration 702 253–254 abna¯ p al-dawla 229 see also individual caliphs and individual topics Abraham 19, 27, 36, 125, 225 qAbba¯siyya see Ha¯shimiyya abrogation, theory of 165 qAbd Alla¯h ibn al-qAbba¯s 111, 225 A¯ bru¯, Sha¯h Muba¯rak 436 qAbd Alla¯h al-Aft.ah.
    [Show full text]
  • Resources for the Study of Islamic Architecture Historical Section
    RESOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE HISTORICAL SECTION Prepared by: Sabri Jarrar András Riedlmayer Jeffrey B. Spurr © 1994 AGA KHAN PROGRAM FOR ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE RESOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE HISTORICAL SECTION BIBLIOGRAPHIC COMPONENT Historical Section, Bibliographic Component Reference Books BASIC REFERENCE TOOLS FOR THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE This list covers bibliographies, periodical indexes and other basic research tools; also included is a selection of monographs and surveys of architecture, with an emphasis on recent and well-illustrated works published after 1980. For an annotated guide to the most important such works published prior to that date, see Terry Allen, Islamic Architecture: An Introductory Bibliography. Cambridge, Mass., 1979 (available in photocopy from the Aga Khan Program at Harvard). For more comprehensive listings, see Creswell's Bibliography and its supplements, as well as the following subject bibliographies. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND PERIODICAL INDEXES Creswell, K. A. C. A Bibliography of the Architecture, Arts, and Crafts of Islam to 1st Jan. 1960 Cairo, 1961; reprt. 1978. /the largest and most comprehensive compilation of books and articles on all aspects of Islamic art and architecture (except numismatics- for titles on Islamic coins and medals see: L.A. Mayer, Bibliography of Moslem Numismatics and the periodical Numismatic Literature). Intelligently organized; incl. detailed annotations, e.g. listing buildings and objects illustrated in each of the works cited. Supplements: [1st]: 1961-1972 (Cairo, 1973); [2nd]: 1972-1980, with omissions from previous years (Cairo, 1984)./ Islamic Architecture: An Introductory Bibliography, ed. Terry Allen. Cambridge, Mass., 1979. /a selective and intelligently organized general overview of the literature to that date, with detailed and often critical annotations./ Index Islamicus 1665-1905, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • “Development of Traditional Architecture in Nigeria: a Case Study of Hausa House Form”
    International Journal of African Society Cultures and Traditions Vol.1, No.1, pp.61-74, June 2014 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journals.org) “DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF HAUSA HOUSE FORM” Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola*1 and Modi Sule Zango2 Department of Architecture Faculty of Built Environment Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru Malaysia ABSTRACT: Traditional buildings across Nigeria’s geographical zones are known to have demonstrated a thorough response to the climate, local technology and socio-economic milieu in which they evolved. The origin of these different traditional building body associates with the natural materials availability to the local builders as well as religious belief, cultural and taboos. The advent of colonialism in Nigeria changed the traditional life and culture of Nigerian which creates a weak connection between traditional architecture and contemporary architecture in Nigeria. Most recent buildings designs across Hausa regions in Nigeria have been built with imported materials and the construction techniques tailored to satisfy the modernity self-ego and aspirations. Thus, traditional architecture ought not to be abandoned and forgotten, hence; experts’ awareness should be tailored to the understanding of its original essence. This paper through intensive literature review of documents, journals, books, periodical, seminar papers amongst others critically explore the key importance relating to the development of Hausa traditional architecture. In addition, paper identifies the “determinant” and “moderating” factors as main issues that contributed to the development of Hausa traditional architecture, in cognizance of local materials, method of construction, methods lay- out, social, cultural factors, and environmental factors amongst others.
    [Show full text]
  • THE IMPACT of COLONIALISM of AFRICA's INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE and CULTURE Submitted by HAFSAT IBRAHIM a TUTORIAL PAPER PRESENTE
    THE IMPACT OF COLONIALISM OF AFRICA’S INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURE Submitted by HAFSAT IBRAHIM A TUTORIAL PAPER PRESENTED TO THE INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE CHATHAM UNIVERSITY DECEMBER, 2017 AFRICAS INTERIOR DESIGN AND CULTURE 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEGEMENTS............................................................................................................ iv ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................. v CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 6 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................................................................... 10 What is Colonization.........................................................................................................10 Architecture in Africa………………............................................................................... 14 Nigeria and its Art…........................................................................................................ 17 Furniture and household objects………………………………………………………... 22 Nigerian Hausa Architecture…………………………………………………………… 26 3. METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
    DICTIONARY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE DICTIONARY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE Andrew Petersen London and New York First published 1996 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 First published in paperback 1999 © 1996 Andrew Petersen All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-415-06084-2 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-21332-0 (pbk) ISBN 0-203-20387-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-20390-9 (Glassbook Format) Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix Entries 1 Appendix The Mediterranean World showing principal historic cities and sites 320 The Middle East and Central Asia showing principal historic cities and sites 321 Dedication This book is dedicated to my friend Jamie Cameron (1962–95) historian of James V of Scotland. Preface In one of the quarters of the city is the Muhammadan town, where the Muslims have their cathedral, mosque, hospice and bazar. They have also a qadi and a shaykh, for in every one of the cities of China there must always be a shaykh al- Islam, to whom all matters concerning Muslims are referred.
    [Show full text]
  • The Patterned Imagination: a Study of Selected West
    THE PATTERNED IMAGINATION: A STUDY OF SELECTED WEST AFRICAN TEXTILES IN MUSEUM COLLECTIONS WITH REGARD TO THE MAGIC SQUARES REPRESENTED ON THEM PATRICIA BENTLEY A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Studies York University Toronto, Canada April 2012 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 1+1 Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-91722-0 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-91722-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Contribution of Uthman Bin Foduye (D.1817) in Changing Nigerian Society: a Discussion from the Perspective of Ibn Khaldun’S Concept Ofñumran
    THE CONTRIBUTION OF UTHMAN BIN FODUYE (D.1817) IN CHANGING NIGERIAN SOCIETY: A DISCUSSION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IBN KHALDUN’S CONCEPT OFÑUMRAN SHUAIBU UMAR GOKARU ACADEMY OF ISLAMIC STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2017 THE CONTRIBUTION OF UTHMAN BIN FODUYE (D.1817) IN CHANGING NIGERIAN SOCIETY: A DISCUSSION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IBN KHALDUN’S CONCEPT OF ÑUMRAN SHUAIBU UMAR GOKARU THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ACADEMY OF ISLAMIC STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2017 UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate: Shuaibu Umar Gokaru (I.C/Passport: No: A06882764) Matric No: IHA140056 Name of Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title of Project Paper/Research Report/Dissertation/Thesis (“this Work”) THE CONTRIBUTION OF UTHMAN BIN FODUYE (D. 1817) IN CHANGING NIGERIAN SOCIETY: A DISCUSSION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IBN KHALDUN’S CONCEPT OF ÑUMRAN Field of Study: Islamic Civilisation (Religion) I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) I am the sole author/author of this Work; (2) This Work is original; (3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledged in this Work; (4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of this work constitutes an infringement
    [Show full text]
  • Arquitectura Doméstica Tardoandalusí Y Morisca
    ALEJANDRO PÉREZ ORDÓÑEZ CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS (CSIC) ESCUELA DE ESTUDIOS ÁRABES LABORATORIO DE ARQUEOLOGÍA Y ARQUITECTURA DE LA CIUDAD (LAAC) TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN TUTELADA Codirigido por el Dr. Rafael López Guzmán (U. Granada) y el Dr. Julio Navarro Palazón (CSIC) ARQUITECTURA DOMÉSTICA TARDOANDALUSÍ Y MORISCA: APROXIMACIÓN AL MODELO DE FAMILIA Y A SU PLASMACIÓN EN LA ARQUITECTURA Y EL URBANISMO DE LOS SIGLOS XIII AL XVI Granada, 2008 La finalidad (al-mutammima) es aquello por lo que el agente (al-f×þila) realiza su acción con la materia (þun½ur), como preguntarse ¿para qué hacer una copa?, y se responde, para beber, o como la casa (bayt) que construye el albañil (al-bann×ÿ), ¿para qué la hace?: para que sea habitada; la causa de la edificación (buny×n) de una casa son sus moradores al servicio de los cuales se construye; es la causa final por la que se realiza esa acción. IBN ©AZM, “al-Radd þalà l-Kind÷ al-faylasýf”, en Ras×ÿil Ibn ©azm al-Andalus÷, ed. de I¬s×n þAbb×s, Beirut, Muÿassasat al-þArabiyya li-l-Dir×s×t wa-l-Na¹r, 4 v., 1980-1983, vol. IV, p. 389. Y Dios os ha dado habilidad para construir vuestras casas como lugares de descanso, y os ha dotado de destreza para hacer viviendas con pieles de animales –fáciles de manejar cuando viajáis y cuando acampáis-. Qur'an: Sura 16. La Abeja, 80. La honra para unos está Dentro de una… Para otros está Encadenada… a… Una cama, a una cocina,… Unos y otros No saben ni lo que es LA HONRA Porque nunca han estado Sólo en una cama, En una cocina,… Ni en una mujer.
    [Show full text]
  • A Lesson from Vernacular Architecture in Nigeria
    Contemporary Urban Affairs 2018, Volume 2, Number 1, pages 84– 95 A Lesson from Vernacular Architecture in Nigeria Joyce Lodson 1, *John Emmanuel Ogbeba 2 , Ugochukwu Kenechi Elinwa 3 1 Department of Architecture, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi state, Nigeria 2 Department of Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Mersin 10, Turkey 3 Department of Architecture, Cyprus International University, Famagusta, Mersin 10, Turkey A R T I C L E I N F O: A B S T R A C T Article history: Contemporary architecture has its roots from the vernacular. Every cultural group in Received 20 July 2017 the world has its own form of vernacular though the approach may vary from place to Accepted 10 August 2017 place and from people to people. Vernacular architecture has many values which are Available online 21 September relevant to contemporary architecture today. This paper looks at vernacular 2017 architecture in Nigeria as practiced by two ethnic groups who have varying climatic, Keywords: religious and socio-cultural practices. The approaches to architecture by these two Vernacular; Architecture, groups, i.e. the Hausas and Igbos, are looked at with the intention of finding positive Nigeria; values in the vernacular which can be applied to the contemporary. One of such Contemporary; values as seen in this paper is the harmony of traditional building materials with Values. nature. Local building materials are able to meet housing needs without having detrimental effect on the environment. More emphasis should therefore be given to local building materials in the building industry today. The paper concludes by stating that for contemporary architecture to adequately meet the needs of man today, vernacular values which apply to the cultural and climatic needs of such places should be selected and imbibed.
    [Show full text]
  • Space and Cultural Development in Hausa
    ISSN: 2277-9655 [Abiodun* et al., 5(9): September, 2016] Impact Factor: 4.116 IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7 IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY SPACE AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN HAUSA TRADITIONAL HOUSING Abiodun Olukayode Olotuah*, Damilola Esther Olotuah * Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340001, Nigeria Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, UK DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.155089 ABSTRACT Hausa traditional housing is informed and shaped by the culture of the people and their religious belief. The savannah region in northern Nigeria is the home of the Hausa people. The Hausas form the majority of the people inhabiting the middle belt and northern states of Nigeria. Across the Nigerian borders the Hausas are natives of the northern parts of many West African countries. This paper examines the spatial planning of the Hausa traditional housing with data obtained from randomly selected homesteads in Kano, Kaduna, and Niger states. The paper examines the relationship between the spatial planning of the compounds and the cultural development of women with regard to the circulation restrictions in the compounds. The Hausa traditional compound has sleeping and living quarters for household members, spaces for rearing of domestic animals, and spaces for the practice of the occupation of the family head. Courtyards are enclosed within the compound, which also serve as a playground for children. Islam places a lot of premium on the privacy of women and prescribes in practical terms varying degrees of seclusion for them. Seclusion of women places severe restrictions on the movement of women, limiting them to a part of the compound designated for them.
    [Show full text]
  • Saharan Crossroads
    Saharan Crossroads Saharan Crossroads: Exploring Historical, Cultural, and Artistic Linkages between North and West Africa Edited by Tara F. Deubel, Scott M. Youngstedt, and Hélène Tissières Saharan Crossroads: Exploring Historical, Cultural, and Artistic Linkages between North and West Africa Edited by Tara F. Deubel, Scott M. Youngstedt, and Hélène Tissières This book first published 2014 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2014 by Tara F. Deubel, Scott M. Youngstedt, Hélène Tissières and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-5826-9, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-5826-7 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations ..................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements .................................................................................. xiii Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Part I: Crossing the Sahara: History, Culture, and Identity Introduction ................................................................................................. 7 Chapter One ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Art and Nigerian Contemporary Residential Architecture
    Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture X 129 Indigenous art and Nigerian contemporary residential architecture C. O. Osasona Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria Abstract Decoration in the building process of traditional African cultures is spontaneous, and the practice institutionalized. With “vernacular” practices, architectural decoration becomes even more observable. However, the previous spontaneity has given way to considerations of status-related factors. The paper discusses the traditional/vernacular architecture of various ethnic groupings in Nigeria, and the decoration associated with each, in the light of the socio-cultural context of their motifs. The cumulative, positive environmental impact of the practice is also discussed. It is submitted that though there is a decline in architectural decoration, not only is a revival possible, but it is actually ongoing, featuring contemporary expressions of traditional themes, harnessed to modern architecture. This trend may well help in evolving a contemporary, truly Nigerian, residential typology, fine-tuned along specific ethnic socio-cultural lines. Keywords: indigenous Nigerian art, vernacular Nigerian architecture, spontaneous ornamentation, complementary art, celebrated entrance gates, architectural decoration, Afro-Brazilian, earth murals, gwani, fence design. 1 Introduction All over the African continent, before the advent of colonialism, indigenous building practices and forms were largely the product of environmental
    [Show full text]