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2D-Visualization of 3D Medical Images Within a Distributed System: a Short Survey Masoud Davari Dolatabadi, Aras Dargazany, Hadis Nouri

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2D-Visualization of 3D Medical Images Within a Distributed System: a Short Survey Masoud Davari Dolatabadi, Aras Dargazany, Hadis Nouri Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2014 Vol I WCECS 2014, 22-24 October, 2014, San Francisco, USA 2D-Visualization of 3D Medical Images within A Distributed System: A Short Survey Masoud Davari Dolatabadi, Aras Dargazany, Hadis Nouri Abstract—Current standalone systems in the area of Min- imally Invasive Cancer Treatment (MICT) are not providing satisfying possibilities for researchers and Interventional Ra- diologist (IRs) to share their contributions. There are a lot of standalone simulation software implementations, which provide different services for the mentioned purpose. However, in all of the services, one of the most important concepts, transferring the experience which has gained from one simulated procedure, is missed. In contrast, by using a web based system, different communities would be capable of sharing the medical data and simulation. These potential advantages lead us to devel- oping a web based system for visualizing the medical data. Furthermore, 2D-visualization and applying image processing algorithms in 3D medical images is one of the most important elements of the very front-end of the software framework and Fig. 1. Overview of the sample structure for medical image data also technically demanding. Therefore, we are obliged to answer visualization and its relation to the 2D viewer system with functionality. the question ”What is the efficient method for web-based 2D representation of 3D medical images in distributed system?”. Based on the evaluation of performance result in different test cases, such as evaluating the architecture, method usage and on visualization technology advances, studies and estimating modularity in distributed systems, and readability of the most tools which are needed by physicians for treatment. used case scenario image extension (extensively publishing aided library) we propose an optimized method for 2D-visualizations of 3D medical images which can be accessed by any standard A. Motivation browser. Imaging has become an important element of medical and Index Terms—Medical Image Visualization, Medical Image laboratory researches. Doctors study the 3D volume of the Processing, Web-Based Solution, Overlaying Models, Nifti-VTK human organs to diagnose the disease or dignify the exact data Manipulation. organ malfunctions; radiologists quantify the tumors lesion from the CT scan. These are all researched in a very intensive I. INTRODUCTION format to prevent from prescribing an inappropriate medica- tion in order to attack the main disorders. Analysis of these EVELOPMENT in medical imaging industry has made various types of image requires the complicated computer- D it possible to gain access to the high resolution of ized visualization tools. By employing more equipped tools three dimensional image of human’s organs. Nowadays, the a precise decision will be concluded, for instance in the area number of 2D images per exam varies from 150 images for of cancer treatment, whose more precise images leads us to screening up to 700 to 3000 for the diagnosis of complex the more accurate treatment. Nowadays, much visualization cases. [16] This tight binding of the number of images and analysis are performing in the non-distributed systems and diagnosis complexity has made a huge workload for with the predefined hardware specification. Although the radiologists, which hovers the role of computer-assisted application domain of these standalone software has gained medical image analysis. However, the large potential for 3D the large share of the user market in the last couple of visualization in medicine and biomedical science as a need years, these softwares are lacking the main secure concept in of practical tools is significantly undeveloped. Still human treatment which is real-time discussion. Moreover designing being is dealing with life-threatening disorders and disability an independent platform which enables doctors to transfer in life-routine with harmful affliction. This hover the need their own experiences with another in special cases (special of physical interventions to lessen the harmful or defeating patients), is an issue. Visualization of n-dimensional data and diseases [16]. Yet minimally invasive or noninvasive inter- platform-independent with different medical images modali- ventions are concretely moving forward to establish effective ties is an ideal work space. As an end-user application, the steps in curing diseases, which lead to reducing the pain web-based interface provides a several vital and complicated and complication. What is yet required is to focus more image analysis and visualization tools. This work was supported in part by the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology FIT. B. Contribution M. Davari is graduated from the Department of Computer Science, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Germany (e-mail: masoud.davari@rwth- As it’s discussed earlier, by knowing the infra-structure aachen.de). of the project and essence of the image visualization in A. Dargazany is with the Department of Computer Science, 3049 D-67653 Kaiserslautern Germany (e-mail: [email protected] the cancer treatment; we are obliged to define the technical Hadis Nouri, M.Sc. Student (email: [email protected]) specification for representation of the medical images in the ISBN: 978-988-19252-0-6 WCECS 2014 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online) Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2014 Vol I WCECS 2014, 22-24 October, 2014, San Francisco, USA area. Since web-based method considered as the convenient solution for sharing and contributing the information; we established a 2D viewer based on 3D volume data. More importantly, we provide several services in a term of image processing functionality which enables users to interact with the 2D environment interactively. C. Outline This remainder of this paper is organized as follow: section II investigate on visualization in local based related works, section III review state-of-the-art approaches and the existing literature in web based medical image visualization. Section IV concludes the literature review in the paper and highlight Fig. 2. This scheme illustrates Visualization Phenotype the ideas for future. II. GENERAL LITERATURE REVIEW The main aim of the all software in the area of research is providing a user friendly environment to interact within some certain functionality. During last decade a lot of software in the area of clinical application has been developed. Of course during the process of development some generic solution has been published. In this section two main categories of related softwares will be investigated. First we will present the application and non-application based softwares which focuses more on Registration, Segmentation, Visualization, Reconstruction, Simulation, and Diffusion. The second in- vestigates on the status of the current web-based solution in image visualization with definition of distributed systems. Fig. 3. This user interface shows corresponding thoracic 2D slices of the same patient over time after no rigid registration. When navigating through First category basically focuses on the local and operating one of the image stacks and pointing to a position with the cursor, the system (OS)-oriented softwares, in which they are restricted corresponding position in thorax registered images is shown. to the specific hardware and software requirement. A com- mon specification of these softwares is that they are all customized for predefined user needs. Therefore they are not number of pixels in a range of 128 × 128 to 512 × 512. following some certain standardization. Moreover, based on Normally the resolution of the displays is high, above 72 the adaptability problems most of them are not proper for pixels/inch, making these images relatively small. By using diagnostics issues. In fact, the application domain of these a bi-linear interpolation technique these images can be en- software is restricted to clinical research and bio-medical larged. In this technique, pixel value will be computed based studies. on the weighted sum of pixel values at the corner location of smallest rectangular cell in the image which surrounds the A. 2D Visualization point [4]. In general there are several methods for image visualiza- Interestingly, visualization images can be re-sliced into tion in biomedical research and clinical applications. Three multi-planer reformatted images (MPR) and curved slices; important types of multi-planner sectioning for 2D visualiza- multi-temporal image data can be visualized as co-registered tion, including orthogonal, oblique and curved planes. images; and also stack of 2D slices can be rendered as 3D volumes[16]. Based on the visual characteristics in a term • Multi Planner Reformatting: Isotropic normal 3D of user interaction, visualization in medicine categorized volume image, enable us for efficient computation of in three major classes such as Illustrative Visualization, image along orthogonal orientation of the volume.[6], Investigative Visualization, Imitative Visualization[3]. Figure [13] 2 will demonstrate the detail in simple graph: Typically 3D medical images are sequences of 2D images. • Oblique Sectioning : In some cases, in 3D volume An interventional radiologist diagnoses the disease based on image, 2D images may not be parallel to orthogonal these two dimension images. These images demonstrate the orientation; but go along an arbitrary oriented plane at organ or function of thin
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