Angelica Arugula 'Wasabi' Basil, African Blue Basil, Amazel Basil
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Chapter Four – TRPA1 Channels: Chemical and Temperature Sensitivity
CHAPTER FOUR TRPA1 Channels: Chemical and Temperature Sensitivity Willem J. Laursen1,2, Sviatoslav N. Bagriantsev1,* and Elena O. Gracheva1,2,* 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 2Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Contents 1. Introduction 90 2. Activation and Regulation of TRPA1 by Chemical Compounds 91 2.1 Chemical activation of TRPA1 by covalent modification 91 2.2 Noncovalent activation of TRPA1 97 2.3 Receptor-operated activation of TRPA1 99 3. Temperature Sensitivity of TRPA1 101 3.1 TRPA1 in mammals 101 3.2 TRPA1 in insects and worms 103 3.3 TRPA1 in fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians 103 3.4 TRPA1: Molecular mechanism of temperature sensitivity 104 Acknowledgments 107 References 107 Abstract Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a polymodal excitatory ion channel found in sensory neurons of different organisms, ranging from worms to humans. Since its discovery as an uncharacterized transmembrane protein in human fibroblasts, TRPA1 has become one of the most intensively studied ion channels. Its function has been linked to regulation of heat and cold perception, mechanosensitivity, hearing, inflam- mation, pain, circadian rhythms, chemoreception, and other processes. Some of these proposed functions remain controversial, while others have gathered considerable experimental support. A truly polymodal ion channel, TRPA1 is activated by various stimuli, including electrophilic chemicals, oxygen, temperature, and mechanical force, yet the molecular mechanism of TRPA1 gating remains obscure. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of TRPA1 physiology, pharmacology, and molecular function. -
WE DELIVER a Piece of NATURE FRESH JAPANESE WASABI Agrodirect and Fresh Wasabi Are Inextricably Fresh Linked
WE DELIVER A piece OF NATURE FRESH JAPANESE WASABI AgroDirect and fresh wasabi are inextricably Fresh linked. Regardless of our other offerings, fresh wasabi is our core product, and it’s what we’re about us famous for. The history of wasabi (Wasabia japonica) begins over 1000 years ago in Japan. Wasabi AgroDirect was founded in 2010. CULTIVATION Thomas Bick has a degree in Business Studies and is a The cultivation of high-quality Japanese wasabi SIAL Trade Fair in Paris – Japan Pavilion former banker. He was inspired by friends living in Japan, is a painstaking task which takes place in the and fell in love with the country and Japanese cuisine higher mountain regions of Japan. Fresh spring water with its specific set of nutrients is (washoku). exclusively used for this purpose, and in this way AgroDirect has established itself over the years as a the plant can grow without being exposed to commercial business and importer of first-class and any fertilisers or pesticides. Climatic factors are very exclusive Japanese foods which embody traditional also important for successful cultivation. Japanese cuisine. Growing wasabi requires a great deal of time and We deliver specialties from Japan! effort, and there are several areas where it’s cultivated in Japan. Wasabi from the moun- Our products are cultivated by producers who can lay claim tainous regions of Shizuoka and Nagano is of a to a rich tradition. particularly high quality. We know our suppliers, and carefully nurture relationships We collaborate with the most celebrated growers with the producers and farmers we collaborate with. -
Edible Academy Fresh from the Garden Tastings
EDIBLE ACADEMY FRESH FROM THE GARDEN TASTINGS RADISH SALAD Inspired by The Forest Feast Cookbook by Erin Gleeson Yield: 2 servings Ingredients 3 large radishes, thinly sliced (use watermelon radishes when available) 2 oranges, peeled and cut into bite-sized pieces ½ red onion, peeled and sliced into thin rings 2 sprigs mint 2 scallions, chopped ½ tablespoon 365 Everyday Value® Extra Virgin Olive Oil 365 Everyday Value® Coarse Sea Salt, to taste 365 Everyday Value® products are found exclusively at Whole Foods Market®. Instructions Using a mandolin, thinly slice the radishes and onion. In a large bowl, mix the radishes, onion, and oranges. Remove the mint leaves from the stem and cut into ribbons. Add the mint and scallions to the large bowl. Drizzle the olive oil and add sea salt to taste. Serve chilled. Sponsors In affiliation with nybg.org EDIBLE ACADEMY FRESH FROM THE GARDEN TASTINGS ALLIUM-HERB CONFETTI Shared by the Edible Academy’s Children’s Gardening Program Serves many for light bites or 4 very hungry people Ingredients 1 baguette, cut into slices and toasted 1 cup of fresh herbs and alliums, chopped (any or all of the following: basil, sage, mint, rosemary, thyme, oregano, cilantro, chives, scallions, garlic, or onions) ¼ cup of crème fraiche or 365 Everyday Value® Whipped Cream Cheese 365 Everyday Value® products are found exclusively at Whole Foods Market®. Instructions Finely chop all herbs; mince all alliums. Toss gently. On baguette slices, spread crème fraiche or cream cheese. Dress with a sprinkle of allium-herb confetti, -
Companion Plants for Better Yields
Companion Plants for Better Yields PLANT COMPATIBLE INCOMPATIBLE Angelica Dill Anise Coriander Carrot Black Walnut Tree, Apple Hawthorn Basil, Carrot, Parsley, Asparagus Tomato Azalea Black Walnut Tree Barberry Rye Barley Lettuce Beans, Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage, Basil Cauliflower, Collard, Kale, Rue Marigold, Pepper, Tomato Borage, Broccoli, Cabbage, Carrot, Celery, Chinese Cabbage, Corn, Collard, Cucumber, Eggplant, Irish Potato, Beet, Chive, Garlic, Onion, Beans, Bush Larkspur, Lettuce, Pepper Marigold, Mint, Pea, Radish, Rosemary, Savory, Strawberry, Sunflower, Tansy Basil, Borage, Broccoli, Carrot, Chinese Cabbage, Corn, Collard, Cucumber, Eggplant, Beet, Garlic, Onion, Beans, Pole Lettuce, Marigold, Mint, Kohlrabi Pea, Radish, Rosemary, Savory, Strawberry, Sunflower, Tansy Bush Beans, Cabbage, Beets Delphinium, Onion, Pole Beans Larkspur, Lettuce, Sage PLANT COMPATIBLE INCOMPATIBLE Beans, Squash, Borage Strawberry, Tomato Blackberry Tansy Basil, Beans, Cucumber, Dill, Garlic, Hyssop, Lettuce, Marigold, Mint, Broccoli Nasturtium, Onion, Grapes, Lettuce, Rue Potato, Radish, Rosemary, Sage, Thyme, Tomato Basil, Beans, Dill, Garlic, Hyssop, Lettuce, Mint, Brussels Sprouts Grapes, Rue Onion, Rosemary, Sage, Thyme Basil, Beets, Bush Beans, Chamomile, Celery, Chard, Dill, Garlic, Grapes, Hyssop, Larkspur, Lettuce, Cabbage Grapes, Rue Marigold, Mint, Nasturtium, Onion, Rosemary, Rue, Sage, Southernwood, Spinach, Thyme, Tomato Plant throughout garden Caraway Carrot, Dill to loosen soil Beans, Chive, Delphinium, Pea, Larkspur, Lettuce, -
Changes and Substitutions to Home Food Processing Recipes the Safety of the Food That You Preserve for Your Family and Friends Is Important to You
Play it Safe: Changes and Substitutions to Home Food Processing Recipes The safety of the food that you preserve for your family and friends is important to you. The University of Wisconsin-Extension supports using up-to-date, research-tested recipes so that you know that the food that you preserve is both safe and high in quality. Here are a few quick tips on changes and substitutions that will keep your home preserved food safe to eat. Canning Fruits Sugar is added to canned fruits help preserve color, help firm texture, and for flavor. Choose a light fruit juice such as white grape juice for canning if you wish to reduce sugar in home- canned fruit. You may safely eliminate sugar altogether when canning fruits at home, if you prefer. However, fruit canned in water is generally considered unappealing, and will spoil more quickly once opened. There are no tested recipes for using sugar substitutes such as Sucralose in home canning. Refer to the manufacturer for directions for home canning using a sugar substitute. Canning Meat Meat is low in acid and must be canned in a pressure canner. You may add a small amount of seasoning, onions, or garlic when home-canning meat without changing the processing time. Canned meat products must never be thickened with flour or cornstarch; rice, pasta or barley must never be added; and fat must not be added – any of these changes can result in an unsafe product. Only add meat when called for in a tested recipe. For example, don’t add meat to spaghetti sauce unless the recipe allows this addition. -
CHICKPEA CROSTINI Pear, Grilled Mustard Greens, Gorgonzola 10
items to be shared by the table SEAFOOD FRITTO MISTO 14 PORK MEATBALLS 12 ARANCINI 11 arugula, lemon tomato, fig mostarda smoked caciocavallo, sicilian pesto CURED SALUMI PLATTER 16 CHEESE PLATTER 15 LA QUERCIA PROSCIUTTO 12 pickles, mustard mostarda, condimenti white wine braised fennel, capers, grapes CHICKPEA CROSTINI pear, grilled mustard greens, gorgonzola 10 FARM EGG** polenta, foraged mushroom 10 SMOKED ARCTIC CHAR apricot mostarda, hazelnut, gaeta olive 12 WARM MOZZARELLA pistachio mascarpone, italian herbs, apple 12 GIARDINARA SALAD farm greens, potato, smoked almond, chili, pickled corn, fried onion 12 RYE LUMACHE brown butter, roasted sunchoke, texas golden beet, smoked caciocavallo 18 RICOTTA RAVIOLI butternut squash, sumac biscotti, preserved cherry, cured egg yolk 17 BUCATINI AMATRICIANA pomodoro, calabrese chili, guanciale, pecorino 17 TRIANGOLI texas lamb, fennel, orange, eggplant, mint, castelvetrano olive, pecorino romano 18 LINGUINE NERO rock shrimp, calamari, red onion, arugula, breadcrumbs 19 RISOTTO brown butter butternut squash, celery, endive, lemon, parmigiano reggiano 18 TEXAS NEW YORK STRIP panzanella, tomato vinaigrette, frisée, blistered tomato, parsley 36 TEXAS GULF BLACK DRUM baby lettuce, spaghetti squash, shallot, pistachio, acciuga crema 28 GRILLED TEXAS LAMB LEG sweet pepper, onion, rosemary, garlic confit, lamb jus, mustard 27 MARINATED SUMMER SQUASH ricotta salata, pickled red onion, pine nuts, garlic, oregano 8 NEW POTATOES gaeta olives, grape tomatoes, breadcrumbs, pancetta vinaigrette 8 CRISPY EGGPLANT garlic, celery, olives, capers, raisins, white wine 10 **There is a risk associated with consuming raw animal protein. If you have a chronic illness of the liver, stomach or blood or have immune disorder, you are at greatest risk of illness from meat. -
Antibiotic Like Effects of Garlic, Onion, and Ginger Against Bacillus Cereus
CALIFORNIA STATE SCIENCE FAIR 2004 PROJECT SUMMARY Name(s) Project Number Ken Leonard M. Lozano S1312 Project Title Antibiotic Like Effects of Garlic, Onion, and Ginger against Bacillus cereus Abstract Objectives/Goals The purpose of this project was to determine to what extent alcohol extracts of spices like garlic, onion, and ginger exhibit antibiotic-like effects on the growth of Bacillus cereus, a common agent of food poisoning. Methods/Materials The materials used are garlic, onions, ginger, Bacillus cereus, Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Neomycin, isopropyl alcohol, distilled water, nutrient agar, balance, modified incubator, thermometer, alcohol lamp, microwave oven, stove, test tubes, watch glass, graduated cylinders, Petri dishes, pipettes, beakers, test tube rack, filter paper, 1-hole puncher, forceps, chopping board, knife, mortar and pestle. The major steps are Preparation of spice extracts; Preparation of agar plates; Preparation of spice and antibiotic discs; Inoculation with Bacillus cereus; Placement of discs on plates; Incubation of plates at 37 C for 24 hours; and Visual analysis and measurement of zone of inhibition. Two experimental batches of three trials each were conducted using the spice extracts and antibiotic discs as variables with alcohol discs as control for a total of 24 plates. The average and the range of values were computed. Mode analysis was done with the measurements of all the plates containing spice extracts. Results The results of the trials showed that among the spice extracts, garlic had the widest range (0-32 mm) and highest average (5.6 mm), then ginger (0-28 mm; 3.7 mm), and onion (0-10 mm; 1.2 mm). -
New Natural Agonists of the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN New natural agonists of the transient receptor potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel Coline Legrand, Jenny Meylan Merlini, Carole de Senarclens‑Bezençon & Stéphanie Michlig* The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels family are cationic channels involved in various physiological processes as pain, infammation, metabolism, swallowing function, gut motility, thermoregulation or adipogenesis. In the oral cavity, TRP channels are involved in chemesthesis, the sensory chemical transduction of spicy ingredients. Among them, TRPA1 is activated by natural molecules producing pungent, tingling or irritating sensations during their consumption. TRPA1 can be activated by diferent chemicals found in plants or spices such as the electrophiles isothiocyanates, thiosulfnates or unsaturated aldehydes. TRPA1 has been as well associated to various physiological mechanisms like gut motility, infammation or pain. Cinnamaldehyde, its well known potent agonist from cinnamon, is reported to impact metabolism and exert anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic efects. Recently, a structurally similar molecule to cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde was shown to possess anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic efect as well. We hypothesized that both cinnamaldehyde and cuminaldehyde might exert this metabolic efects through TRPA1 activation and evaluated the impact of cuminaldehyde on TRPA1. The results presented here show that cuminaldehyde activates TRPA1 as well. Additionally, a new natural agonist of TRPA1, tiglic aldehyde, was identifed -
NOON Located Just Off Henry Thomas Drive Sout
NEW ORLEANS BOTANICAL GARDEN PLANT SALE PELICAN GREENHOUSE AUGUST 6, 2016 9 AM – NOON Located just off Henry Thomas Drive south of the 1-610 underpass Lucky Lantern Yellow Abutilon Abutilon ‘Lucky Lantern’ 01 Flowering Maple Abutilon pictum 01 Abutilon Variegated Abutilon pictum ‘Gold Dust’ 01 Nabob Abutilon Abutilon x hybridum ‘Nabob’ 01 Amaryllis Amaryllis hippeastrum 01 Butterfly Iris Dietes iridioides 01 St John’s Wort Hypericum perforatum 01 Shasta Daisy Leucanthemum superbum 01 Red Firecracker Russelia sarmentosa 01 Hanging Baskets Scaevola 01 Red Fountain Scutellaria Scutellaria longifolia 01 Bridal Wreath Spirea cantoniensis 01 Variegated Jewels of Opar Talinum paniculatum ‘Variegatum’ 01 Eastern Blue Star Amsonia tabernaemontana 02 Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata 02 Swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata ‘Soulmate’ 02 Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca 02 Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa 02 White Wild Indigo Baptisia alba 02 Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis 02 Blue Mist Flower Conoclinium coelestinum 02 Lanceleaf Coreopsis Coreopsis lanceolata 02 Clasping Coneflower Dracopis(Rudbeckia) amplexicaulis 02 Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea 02 Maximilian Sunflower Helianthus maximiliani 02 Ashy Sunflower Helianthus mollis 02 Virginia Willow Itea virginica 02 Orange Shrimp Plant Justicia fulvicoma 02 Blazing Star Liatris spicata ‘Kobold’ 02 Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis 02 Coral Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens 02 Dwarf Barbados Cherry Malpighia glabra ‘Nana’ 02 Turk’s Cap Malvaviscus arboreus var. Drummondii 02 Foxglove Penstemon -
Spice Basics
SSpicepice BasicsBasics AAllspicellspice Allspice has a pleasantly warm, fragrant aroma. The name refl ects the pungent taste, which resembles a peppery compound of cloves, cinnamon and nutmeg or mace. Good with eggplant, most fruit, pumpkins and other squashes, sweet potatoes and other root vegetables. Combines well with chili, cloves, coriander, garlic, ginger, mace, mustard, pepper, rosemary and thyme. AAnisenise The aroma and taste of the seeds are sweet, licorice like, warm, and fruity, but Indian anise can have the same fragrant, sweet, licorice notes, with mild peppery undertones. The seeds are more subtly fl avored than fennel or star anise. Good with apples, chestnuts, fi gs, fi sh and seafood, nuts, pumpkin and root vegetables. Combines well with allspice, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, cumin, fennel, garlic, nutmeg, pepper and star anise. BBasilasil Sweet basil has a complex sweet, spicy aroma with notes of clove and anise. The fl avor is warming, peppery and clove-like with underlying mint and anise tones. Essential to pesto and pistou. Good with corn, cream cheese, eggplant, eggs, lemon, mozzarella, cheese, olives, pasta, peas, pizza, potatoes, rice, tomatoes, white beans and zucchini. Combines well with capers, chives, cilantro, garlic, marjoram, oregano, mint, parsley, rosemary and thyme. BBayay LLeafeaf Bay has a sweet, balsamic aroma with notes of nutmeg and camphor and a cooling astringency. Fresh leaves are slightly bitter, but the bitterness fades if you keep them for a day or two. Fully dried leaves have a potent fl avor and are best when dried only recently. Good with beef, chestnuts, chicken, citrus fruits, fi sh, game, lamb, lentils, rice, tomatoes, white beans. -
Simply Cooked LEMON CAPER • TAMARIND BROWN BUTTER HEARTS of PALM CRAB CAKE 21 JICAMA-MANGO SLAW, PIPIAN SAUCE (V)
Raw Bar COLD SEAFOOD TOWERS* SMALL 99 / LARGE 159 TORO TARTARE 39 CHEF’S SELECTION OF LOBSTER, KING CRAB, SHRIMP CAVIAR, WASABI, SOY OYSTERS, CLAMS, MUSSELS, CEVICHE (GF) SPINACH ARTICHOKE SALAD 23 CRISPY SHITAKE, DRY RED MISO, CRISPY LEEK, T OYSTER SHOOTERS 12/30 (1PC/3PCS) RUFFLE-YUZU VINAIGRETTE, PARMESAN TEQUILA CUCUMBER OR SPICY BLOODY MARY ROASTED BEETS 16 OYSTERS MP 1/2 DZ OR DOZEN TRI-COLORED BEETS, GOAT CHEESE FOAM, CANDIED WALNUTS, ARUGULA SALAD ASK SERVER FOR DAILY SELECTION (GF) (GF, VEGAN UPON REQUEST) JUMBO SHRIMP 24/3PCS (GF) BABY GEM CAESAR SALAD 21 SUGAR SNAP PEAS, ASPARAGUS, AVOCADO, SUNFLOWER SEEDS, LEMON PARMESAN VINAIGRETTE (VEGAN UPON REQUEST) TRUFFLE SASHIMI 35 TARTARE TRIO 33 TUNA, HAMACHI, CHILI PONZU Signature cold SALMON, HAMACHI, TUNA, TOBIKO CAVIAR, BLACK TRUFFLE PURÉE WASABI CREME FRAICHE A5 MIYAZAKI WAYGU BEEF TARTARE 28 SESAME SEARED KING SALMON 25 SALMON BELLY CARPACCIO 27 TRUFFLE PONZU, CAVIAR, SUSHI RICE ALASKAN KING SALMON, YUZU SOY, HOT SESAME OLIVE OIL WATERCRESS, SWEET & SOUR ONION, YUZU CUCUMBER WRAP (DF) TOASTED SESAME SEEDS, GINGER, CHIVES MRC ROLL 21 ROLLed VEGETABLE KING ROLL 17 SEARED TUNA, SHRIMP, AVOCADO KING OYSTER MUSHROOM, CASHEW, SPICY MISO PONZU BROWN BUTTER CATCH ROLL 21 (ADDITIONAL VEGAN VARIATIONS UPON REQUEST) CRAB, SALMON, MISO-HONEY HELLFIRE ROLL 21 LOBSTER AVOCADO ROLL 24 SPICY TUNA TWO-WAYS, PEAR, BALSAMIC BROWN RICE OR CUCUMBER WRAP AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST KING CRAB, CUCUMBER, MANGO SALSA Hand Roll Cut Roll Nigiri Sashimi EEL AVOCADO 14 // 16 YELLOWTAIL AVOCADO* 11 // 14 FLUKE -
Investigating the Inhibition Rate of Cultural Spices on Bacteria
CALIFORNIA STATE SCIENCE FAIR 2011 PROJECT SUMMARY Name(s) Project Number Emmie E. Maglieri S1510 Project Title Investigating the Inhibition Rate of Cultural Spices on Bacteria Abstract Objectives/Goals The purpose of my science project is to determine which spice is most effective in blocking bacteria growth.After my experiment,I will be able to determine the effectiveness of primary cultural spices and how they affect bacteria growth. I will test 7 different spices from different countries around the world.I will research the prominent spices from the different countries and test those spices.I will observe Wasabi, Ginger, Cayenne Pepper, Nutmeg, Turmeric, Saffron, and Rosemary to conclude which spice is the most effective at repelling bacteria.I will perform 20 trials per spice. My experiment consists of soaking each spice on a filter paper, streaking Bacillus substillus onto a petri dish, and then placing 5 hole punched filter paper containing the spice onto the petri dish.Finally I will observe and calculate the results by measuring the rings of resistance around each hole punch, after 48 hours. Methods/Materials I will determine which spice effectively blocks bacteria. I will then observe if the particular spice is inhibiting bacteria and find which region the spice pertains to. Results Wasabi had an average diameter of 6.21 mm Ginger had an average diameter of 5.24 mm Cayenne had an average diameter of 6.67 mm Discussion: It was the most effective in blocking the spread of bacteria. This was the strongest spice that was tested. It has capsaicin and has a strong effect on bacteria.Nutmeg had an average diameter of 6.27 mm Turmeric had an average diameter of 5.04 mm Saffron had an average diameter of 6.30 mm Rosemary had an average diameter of 5.0 mm.