Jazz Enciclopedia

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Jazz Enciclopedia John Abercrombie Джон Эберкромби Родился: 16 декабря 1944 в Порт Честере,штат Нью-Йорк Удивительное умение Джона Эберкромби сочетать в своем творче- стве многообразие джазовых направлений сделало его одним из самых влиятельных акустических и электро гитаристов 70-х и начала 80-х годов. Записи Эберкромби на ECM помогли этому рекорд лейблу обрести свою уникальную нишу в продвижении прогрессивного камерного джаза. В по- следнее время свет его звезды несколько угас - этому есть свои причины. Его излишняя дань консерватизму доминирует над джазом, но Эберкромби по-прежнему остается гранд-персоной с высокой творческой энергетикой. Есть понятие "стиля Эберкромби": он основан исключительно на джазе и содержит в себе весь арсенал современной импровизационной музыки. Но главное - он всегда подразумевает и демонст- рирует нечто большее, чем могут вместить все диапазоны музыки - от фолка и рока до Вос- точной и Западной классической музыки. С 1962 по 1966 год Эберкромби учился в Бостон- ском музыкальном колледже (Berklee College of Music), и во время учебы гастролировал с блюзменом Джонни Хэммондом (Johnny Hammond). В 1969 году Эберкромби переезжает в Нью-Йорк и некоторое время играет в группах, возглавляемых барабанщиками Чико Хамиль- тоном и Билли Кобэмом. Группа, в которой он впервые обратил на себя внимание, называлась "Spectrum", а первый альбом, где Эберкромби заявил о себе как бэнд-лидер, назывался "Timeless. Альбом был записан с барабанщи- ком Джеком ДеДжонетте и клавишником Яном Хаммером. Затем последовал "Gateway" в со- ставе другого трио с Джеком ДеДжонетте и ба- систом Дэйвом Холландом, заменившим Яна Хаммера. Тонкий и проникновенный стиль Эберкромби дает наибольший эффект в малых формах: в составе Gateway трио, или в дуэте с гитаристом Ральфом Таунером. Дискография (альбомы): • 1971 Friends /Oblivion • 1974 Timeless /ECM • 1974 Works /ECM • 1975 Gateway /ECM • 1976 Sargasso Sea /ECM • 1976 Cloud Dance /ECM • 1976 Pilgrim and the Stars /ECM • 1976 Directions /ECM • 1977 Gateway 2 /ECM • 1977 Characters /ECM • 1977 Pictures /ECM • 1978 Arcade /ECM • 1979 Straight Flight /JAM • 1979 Abercrombie Quartet [live]/ ECM • 1980 M /ECM • 1981 Five Years Later /ECM • 1982 SolarPalo /Alto • 1982 Drum Strum 1750 /Arch • 1984 Night /ECM • 1985 Current Events /ECM • 1986 Witchcraft /Justin Time • 1987 Getting There /ECM • 1988 John Abercrombie, Marc Johnson & Peter Erskine [live] /ECM • 1989 Animato /ECM • 1989 Upon a Time an Album of Duets /New Albion • 1992 While We're Young /ECM • 1992 John Abercrombie/Dan Wall/Adam Nussbaum /ECM • 1992 November /ECM • 1992 The Toronto Concert [live] /Maracatu Компиляции: • 1978 ECM Special VIII Trio LOUIS ARMSTRONG SATCHMO (АРМСТРОНГ ЛУИ "СЭЧМО") Настоящее имя: Луи Дэниэль Армстронг (Louis Daniel Armstrong) Родился: 4 августа, 1901 г., Новый Орлеан, штат Луизиана, США Умер: 6 июля, 1971 г., Нью-Йорк, США Жанр: джаз Стиль: традиционный джаз, джаз-вокал, новоорлеанский джаз, классический джаз, свинг, диксиленд Инструменты: вокал, труба Фирмы звукозаписи: Decca (28), Columbia (24), MCA (21), Classics (15), RCA (14), Ambassador (14), Verve (11) Армстронг Дэниел Луи "Сэчмо" ("Сэчелмаут", "Гейтмаут", "Диппер-маут", "Диппер", "Фэйс", "Попс", "Литл Луис", "Кинг оф Джаз", "Амбассадор Сэтч"). Великий американский джазовый музыкант (труба, корнет), вокалист, руководитель оркестра, композитор. Дату своего рождения точно не знал и, скорее всего, выбрал ее произвольно - 4 июля 1901 года (День независимости США); более правдоподобная версия - 1898 год. Рос в бедной, неблагополучной семье (мать - прачка, нелегально занималась прости- туцией, отец - рабочий-поденщик, бросил семью, когда сыну было около 5 лет). Воспиты- вался бабушкой (в прошлом - рабыней). С детства был вынужден самостоятельно зарабаты- вать на жизнь продавцом газет, разносчиком угля, старьевщиком и тому подобное. В Сто- рвилле (новоорлеанском "квартале развлечений") слышал многих музыкантов раннего джа- за, пел в уличном вокальном ансамбле (играл также на барабанах). За случайный озорной поступок (стрельбу на улице из пистолета, похищенного у полисмена - одного из "посетите- лей" матери) попал в исправительный дом (1913 г.), здесь, несмотря на трудности, начал учиться музыке, освоил альтгорн и корнет, выступал в составе духового оркестра и хора. После освобождения вернулся домой, перебивался редкими заработками, играл в ба- рах с любительскими ансамблями, продолжал учиться у новоорлеанских музыкантов. Благо- даря знакомству с "Кингом" Оливером и по его рекомендации, был принят в оркестр "Кида" Ори (на место Оливера, уехавшего в Чикаго). Эпизодически выступал в Tuxedo Braes Band Оскара "Папы" Селестина, с Полом Домингезом, "Затти" Синглтоном, Албертом Николсом, "Барни" Бигардом, Луисом Расселлом, в ривербот-бэндах, в том числе в Jazz-E-Sazz Band "Фэйта" Мэрэйбла. В этот период стал профессиональным музыкантом. По приглашению "Кинга" Оливера в 1922 переехал в Чикаго, играл в его Creole Jazz Band в течение 2-х лет как второй корнетист, затем перебрался в Нью-Йорк, где выступал как трубач и певец с оркестром Флетчера Хендерсона. Уча- ствовал в записях Blue Five Кларенса Уильямса. Кроме то- го, записывался на пластинки в составах различных акком- панирующих ансамблей со многими блюзовыми и джазо- выми вокалистами (Гертрудой "Ма" Рэйни, "Трикси" Смит, Кларой Смит, Бесси Смит, Албертой Хантер, Мэгги Джонс, Евой Тейлор, Вирджинией Листон, Маргарет Джонсон, "Сипи" Уоллес, Перри Брэдфордом). По истечении срока ангажемента у Ф. Хендерсона (1925) вновь работал в Чикаго, - прежде всего с Лил Хар- дин (пианисткой из Creole Jazz Band, которая состояла в браке с Армстронгом в 1924-38г.г., в 1925 году организова- ла вместе с ним собственный оркестр), позднее у Эрскина Тэйта в театральном шоу-бэнде (здесь ярко проявилось его актерское и сценическое дарование). С ноября 1925 начал записываться с созданными им студийными ансамблями Hot Five (при участии "Кида" Ори, Джонни Доддса, Джонни Сент-Сира и Л. Хардин, позднее - Фреда Робинсона, Джимми Стронга, Эрла Хайнса, "Затти" Синглона и других) и Hot Seven (с мая 1927, когда к квинтету примкнули Пит Бриггс и "Бэби" Доддс). В 1926 солист оркестра Кэрролла Диккерсона, после ухода которого возглавлял этот коллектив (1929). В течение короткого периода времени в 1927 руководил собственным оркестром (Louis Armstrong And His Stomperts), участниками которого были Бойд Аткинс, Джо Диксон, Эл. Вашингтон, Эрл Хайнс, "Рип" Бассет, П. Бриггс, "Табби" Холл. В тот же период выступал в дуэте с Эрлом Хайнсом, в оркестре Кла- ренса Джонса, гастролировал в различных городах США (в 1929 - в Нью-Йорке, где сотруд- ничал с оркестром Л. Расселла и "Дюка" Эллингтона, затем в Калифорнии - с оркестром Ле- она Элкинса и Леса Хайта, участвовал в киносъемках в Голливуде). В 1931 посетил с биг- бэндом Нью Орлеан; вернувшись в Нью-Йорк, играл в Гарлеме и на Бродвее. В 30-е годы совершил ряд турне в Европу и Северную Африку, что принесло ему ши- рокую известность не только за рубежом, но и на родине (прежде в США он был популярен главным образом у негритянской публики). В промежутках между гастролями выступал с оркестром Чарли Гейнза, "Чика" Уэбба, "Кида" 0ри, Л. Расселла и другими, с вокальным квартетом Mills Brothers, в многочисленных театральных постановках и радиопрограммах, снимался в кинофильмах, вновь руководил джаз-бэндом (с 1933, при участии Тедди Уилсона и "Кега" Джонсона). Опубликовал автобиографическую книгу "Swing That Music (Нью-Йорк, 1936)". Пе- ренес несколько операций, связанных с лечением давней профессиональной травмы верхней губы (деформация и разрыв тканей из-за чрезмерного давления мундштука и неправильного амбушюра), а также операцию на связках (с ее помощью безуспешно пытался избавиться от хриплого тембра голоса, лишь впоследствии осознав для себя его ценность как неповтори- мую индивидуальность своей вокальной манеры). В дальнейшем популярность Армстронга продолжала возрастать, благодаря его неутомимой и разносторонней музыкальной деятель- ности. Наиболее примечательны выступления во главе All Star Band (с Джеком Тигарденом, "Бадом" Фрименом, "Фэтсом" Уоллером, "Барни" Бигардом, Эрлом Хайнсом, Сидом Кэтлет- том, "Кози" Коулом, Эдмондом Холлом, "Трамми" Янгом, Билли Кайлом, певицей Велмой Миддлтон), совместная творческая работа с Сидни Беше, "Бингом" Кросби, Билли Холидей, Эллой Фицджералд, Оскаром Питерсоном, Саем Оливером и другими "звездами" джаза, участие в джаз-фестивалях (1948 - Ницца, 1956-58 - Ньюпорт, 1959 - Италия, Монтерей), га- строли во многих странах Европы, Латинской Америки, Африки, Азии. При его содействии организован ряд филармонических джазовых концертов в Таун-холле и на сцене Метропо- литен-опера. В 1954 он написал вторую автобиографическую книгу "Satchmo. My Life in New Orleans". Оставил огромное число грамзаписей, в том числе с "Кингом" Оливером (1923), Ф. Хендерсоном (1926), Кл. Уильямсом (1924-25), "Ма" Рэйни, Бесси Смит, П. Брэдфордом (1924), Э. Тэйтом (1926), С. Беше (1926, 40), Джимми Бертраном (1927), Дж. Доддеом, К. Диккерсоном, Эрлом Хайнсом (1928, 1930-31), Ч. Гейнзом, К. Расселлом (1929), Лайонелом Хэмптоном (1930), европейскими музыкантами (с начала 30-х годов), "Чиком" Уэббом (1932), Дж. Дорси (1936), Mills Brothers (1937-38), ор- кестром Casa Loma (1939), Esquire All Stars, V- Disc All Stars (1944), "Бингом" Кросби, Эллой Фицджералд (1946, 56), С. Оливером, Гордоном Дженкинсом (в начале 50-х годов), с собствен- ным оркестром и All Star Bands. Творчество Армстронга - своего рода эталон, идеальная "модель" мэйнстрим-джаза - живого и непрерывно эволюционирующего, но отнюдь не "музейного" традиционализма.
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